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inSisyrinchium-Vil:
Studies
Sisyrinchium
and
Californicum
Related
SpeciesoftheNeglected
GenusHydastylus
BY EUTGENE P. BICKNELL
373
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374
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BICKNELL:
SPECIES
375
to the Species
of Hydastylus
Flowers large; perianth I 2-I8 mm. long; leaves 2-7 mm. wide, mostlyturningverydark
when dry.
Flowers large; pedicels mostlylonger than the bracts, 20-40 mm. long; seeds I.25I.5 mm. in diameter.
I. H. CazfXorziicus.
Flowers smaller; pedicels mostly shorterthan the bracts, Io-20 mm. long; seeds
3. H. brac/ibyy5s.
.75-I mm. in diameter.
Flowers smnallto medium sized, 6-I2
mm. long; leaves mostly I-3 mm. wide, not
usually turningvery dark; pedicels not recurved.
Anthers small, 2-2.5 mm. long.
Pedicels little longer than the bracts, erect; perianth 8-io mm. long.
2. H. bor-ealis.
Pedicels slenderly exserted, somewhat spreading; perianth 6-8 mm. long.
5. HI. iivularis.
Anthers larger, 3-5 mm. long.
Pedicels more or less exserted, erect; perianth 8-I2 mm. long.
4. H. Elmneri.
Pedicels long-exserted, closely erect; plant slender, I5-30 cm. high; perianth
6. H. lonzgz>es.
8-I2 mm. lon1g.
Pedicels long-exserted, somewhat spreading; plant low or depressed; leaves
I.5-2 mm. wide.
7. H. parves.
mm. wide.
Pedicels exserted; plant low or depressed; leaves .05-I.5
8. H/. Sch{fnfzeri.
Flowers very small, 3-5 mm. long; pedicels recurved-spreading; capsules 3-6 mm.
long.
Outer bract much prolonged; anthers I mm. long.
9. H cerlzuus.
Bracts subequal; anthers 3-5 mm. long.
Io. H. subcernzuus.
Flowers unknown; leaves very thin; capsules 6-ia mm. long.
Capsules large, 8-io mm. long, pyriform; leaves and stem 2-5 mm. wide, serrulate; pedicels flexuous.
II.
HI. serrtlalts.
Capsules 6-7 mm. long, obovoid-oblong; leaves and stem narrower, not serruI2.
1i tr-anzslucens.
late; pedicels spreading or recurved.
HYDASTYLUS CALIFORNICUS
I: 3 10.
I8 I2.
Marica Californtica
Ker-Gawl. Bot. Mag. t. 983. i8o6.
Hlort.Kew. ed. 2, IV.: I135. I812.
Sisyrinchium
Californicuin
lineatumTorrey,Pac. R. R. Rep. IV., I 43. I8 57.
Sisyrincli'urn
Sisyrinc/ziurn
flavidurnKellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. II.: 50. t. 3.
I863.
Mostly 20-30 cm. high (i5-6o cm.), dull green and glauces-
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376
BICKNELL:
SPECIES
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BICKNELL:
SPECIES
377
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37 8
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BICKNELL:
379
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380
BICKNELL:
SPECIES
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BICKNELL:
381
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382
BICKNELL:
SPECIES
OF THE
GENUSHYDASTYLUS
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BICKNELL:
383
Hydastylus Schaffneri(Watson)
Sisyri,wc/ziu;tin
TWatson,Proc. Am. Acad. i8:
Scliaffizcri
I60.
ISS3.
wide, rugulose like the leaves and smooth edged or nearly so:
spathes mostlydeflected,small, 10-I5 mm.long, I.5-2 mm. wide,
the bractssubequal or usually the outer one slightlythe longer,rugulose,the outer one attenuateto an obtuse tip or sometimes
more abruptlynarrowed,united-clasping
for--5 mm.,the margins
below narrowly hyaline: inner bract less narrowed, scarious ob-
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384
BICKNELL:
Dr. Gregg" just in flower. Type in Herb. Miss. Bot. Gard. and
Herb. Columbia.
sometimes obscurely roughened on the sides above, the almost hyaline edges smooth or minutely serrulate: stems erect or ascending,
mm. wide, delicately wing-margined, the edges
slender, .75-I
smooth to serrulate: spathes erect; outer bract much prolonged,
mostly twice the length of the inner one or even longer and surpassing it 5-25 mm., 15-40 mm. long, attenuate to an obtuse point or
foliaceously broadened and acuminate, united-clasping for about 5
mm. at base; inner bract IO-I 5 mm. long, narrow, acutish to obtuse, usually much concealed ; interior scales narroNw,shorter
than the inner bract: flowers very small, 3-5 mm. long, pale
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BICKNELL:
large, 1.25-1.5
SPECIES
OF THE
GENUS
HYDASTYLUS
385
flowerswithveryshortanthersand recurvedpedicels.
Hydastylus subcernuus sp. nov.
Caespitose in small tufts,6-I5 cm. high,the leaves mostly
erect,the stems erector ascending,turningdark brown in drying;
roots pale, verydelicate and fibrillate. Leaves about half the
heightof the longer stems, mostly I.5 mm. wide (I-2 mm.), thin
to an obtuse point,the edges
and delicatelyopen-nerved,taperinog
smooth to distantlydenticulate: stem 2-15 cm. high, .05-1.5
mm. wide, delicately wing-margined,the thin edges minutely
denticulateor usually so: spathes small, the narrowbracts sub-
equal or usually the outer one a little surpassing the inner, someI3-22 mm. long, united-clasping
for 5-6 mm., attenuate to an obtuse point; innler bract narrowly
obtuse-pointed; interior scales nearly equaling the inner bract:
floVers 3-5, small, perianth about 5 mm. long, yellow, delicately
dark lineate: stamens about 3-50 mm. long; pedicels capillary,
I 5-20 mm. long, finallyexserted and recurved spreading: capsules
less membranousthan in H. cerizutSsbut similarlymoulded over
seeds few in a row, larger and rather darker and more coarsely
pitted than in H. cernuus, 1.5-1.75 mm. in diameter, widely excavated on one side or more or less acetabuliform.
LOWER CALIFORNIA: Sierra de la Laguna, January 22, T. S.
Brandegee, type in Herb. Cal. Acad. Sci.
Nearly related to H. ccrnutus,but with narrower leaves, much
shorter outer bract, larger flowers with much larger anthers, pedicels less exserted and recurved, capsules rather larger, seeds larger
and more coarsely pitted and acetabuliform.
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386
BICKNELL:
SPECIES
OF
THE
GENUS
HYDASTYLUS
Hydastylustranslucenssp. nov.
Very similar to H. serrulatus: glaucescent,the spathes often
purplish tinged, 15-25 cm. high, showing more or less discolorationfromdrying,leaves equaling the stems or nearly so,
mm. wide: as compared withthose of H. serritlauis longer
2-3.5
and narrower,
much moreslenderlyattenuateand eventhinnerand
more translucent,with fewercross-veinlets,the edges not distinctlyserrulate,but wholly smooth except near the apex, or
withsome veryminute or obscure denticulations: stem I-1.25
mm. wide, the verythin translucentwings much narrowerthan
in H. se-rulratus and smooth-edged or nearly so: spathes not
narrowerthan the stems,usually somewhat broader, the outer
bract usually foliaceouslyprolonged,30-47 mm. long, surpassing
the inner one IO-25 mm., united-clasping8-io mm. above the
sharplytwo-edged base: inner bract 17-22 mm. long, narrow,
obtuse or emarginate: interiorscales longer than in H. serruilatus, equaling the inner bract or nearly so: pedicels very
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BICKNELL:
SPECIES
387
slenderand long-exserted,more or less spreading and finallyrecurved forabout halftheirlenigth,25-37 mm. long: capsules 3-5,
obovoid-oblongor somewhatpyriform,
smallerand thinner-valled
than in hT.sewrrlatus,about 6-7 mm. long: seeds larger than in
any other species of the genus at present known1,2-2.5 mm.
in longer diameter,flattenedacetabuliform,strongly reticulatepitted.
LOWER CALIFORNIA, Sierra de la Lagura, January 24, some
fruitmature. T. S. Brandegee, Herb. Cal. Acad. Sci.
and H. subce;muus
Closely relatedto H. serrulatus,
H. CCYU-UUS
but unmistakablya distinctspecies, as clearlyshown by its much
largerseeds, longerouter bractand longer pedicels withoutregard
to other characters. These four plants form a group of closely
relatedspecies constituting
a section of the genus ratherobviously
distinctfrom the more northerngroup representedby H. Californiicus. The group characters especiallyto be noted are very
thinmembranousleaves showing cross-reticulationsbetweenthe
nerves,although these are fewor obsolete in H. cernzuas
and H.
subcernuus,
more or less spreadingor recurved pedicels and very
thin-walled,mostlypyriform
capsules.
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