Math Formula Sheet for Advanced Functions and

Modeling, Discrete Mathematics, and Precalculus

Arithmetic Sequence and Series

Geometric Sequence and Series

an a1 n 1d

an a1 r n 1

S n n a1 an
2

Sn

a1 1 r n
, where r 1
1 r
a1
S
, where r 1
1 r

Law of Cosines

Law of Sines

a2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A

sin A
sin B
sin C

a
b
c

b 2 a2 c 2 2ac cos B
c 2 a2 b 2 2ab cos C

Conic Sections
Parabola

Focal Length
a 1
4c

Ellipse
Pythagorean Relationship
c 2 a2 b 2

Hyperbola with
Center (h,k)
Pythagorean Relationship
c 2 a2 b 2
Foci
(h c, k) or (h, k c)

NCDPI Reference Formulas for Advanced Functions and Modeling,

Discrete Mathematics, and Precalculus
Stock No. 14157