Nghin cu kh nng x l amoni trong nc

bng nano MnO2 - FeOOH mang trn

Laterit ( ong bin tnh)
Nguyn Th Ngc
Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin; khoa Ha hc
Chuyn ngnh: Ha mi trng; M s: 60 44 41
Ngi hng dn: PGS.TS Trn Hng Cn
Nm bo v: 2011
Abstract.
Trnh by tng quan v: hin trng nhim v s cn thit phi x l cc hp cht
cha nit trong nc cp ( nhim cc hp cht cha nit trong nc cp, tiu chun
v nng cc hp cht cha nit trong nc cp ca th gii, nguyn nhn, tc hi
ca cc hp cht cha nit i vi c th con ngi v Vit Nam, cc ngun gy
nhim amoni); cc phng php tch loi amoni (phng php sinh hc tch loi
amoni, cc phng php ha l v ha hc tch loi amoni); Laterite; gii thiu chung
v cng ngh nano. Gii thiu tng, i tng, mc tiu nghin cu cng nh danh
mc thit b, ha cht cn thit cho nghin cu; phng php nghin cu: ch to vt
liu MnO2 mang trn laterit bng phng php ngm ph, ch to vt liu MnO2 c
kch thc nanomet mang trn laterit bng phng php ngm ph; phng php phn
tch: xc nh hm lng amoni bng phng php so mu vi thuc th Nessler, hm
lng Nitrit trong nc bng phng php so mu vi thuc th Griss, xc nh nitrat
trong nc bng phng php so mu vi thuc th Phenoldisunfonic, xc nh nng
mangan (Mn2+) trong nc bng phng php Pesunphat. Kt qu v tho lun:
Ch to vt liu VL1, VL2, kho st kh nng x l amoni ca vt liu VL1 v VL2.
Kho st kh nng x l amoni ca vt liu VL2 bng m hnh ng, mt s c ch gi
nh cho qu trnh oxi ho.
Keywords. Ha hc; Ha hc mi trng; nghim nc; X l amoni;
ong

Content.
Do thc trng h thng cp - thot nc, x l nc cp v nc thi, cht
thi rn cha ng b, cng thm l s pht trin ca cc ngnh cng - nng
nghip ngy mt tng trong thi gian gn y, cha k n cc qu trnh din ra
trong t nhin, iu kin a cht - thy vn phc tp vng chu th sng Hng
gy cho ngun cp nc duy nht hin nay - ngun nc ngm, nguy c
nhim ngy mt cao, trong c nhim cc hp cht cha nit.
Theo kho st ca cc nh khoa hc, phn ln nc ngm vng ng
bng Bc B nh H Ni, H Ty, Ninh Bnh, Hi Dng... u b nhim bn
amoni ( NH 4 ) rt nng, vt tiu chun cho php nhiu ln.
Ti H Ni, H Ty, H Nam, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh, Hi Dng, Hng
Yn, Thi Bnh, xc sut cc ngun nc ngm nhim amoni nng cao hn
tiu chun l khong 70 - 80%.
Theo tiu chun v sinh nc n ung, da trn Quyt nh s 1329 ca
B Y t, nc sinh hot t chun mc hm lng amoni l 1,5 mg/L. Trn
thc t, kt qu phn tch cc mu nc u vt qu ch tiu cho php, nhiu
ni cao hn t 20 n 30 ln. Tng nc ngm trn (cch mt t t 25m n
40m) - ni ngi dn khai thc bng cch o ging khoan - nhim nng
nhiu ni. in hnh l x Php Vn c hm lng amoni l 31,6 mg/L, phng
Tng Mai c hm lng amoni 13,5 mg/L, cc phng Trung Ha, x Ty M,
x Trung Vn... u c hin trng tng t.

Nguy hi hn, mc nhim ang tng dn theo thi gian. Trong nm

2002, ti x Yn S, hm lng amoni l 37,2 mg/L, hin nay tng ln 45,2
mg/L; ti phng Bch Khoa, mc nhim t 9,4 mg/L, nay tng ln 14,7 mg/L;
c ni cha tng b nhim amoni, song nay cng vt tiu chun cho php
nh Long Bin, Ty M, ng Ngc... Hin nay, bn ngun nc nhim bn
lan rng trn ton thnh ph.
Tng nc ngm di (cch mt t t 45m n 60m) l ngun cung cp
cho cc nh my cng b nhim bn. ti "Nghin cu x l nc ngm nhim
bn amoni" do S Giao thng Cng chnh H Ni nghim thu nm 2010 cho
thy: "Do cu trc a cht, nc ngm, nh my nc Php Vn, H nh,
Tng Mai c hm lng st v amoni ( NH 4 ) vt qu tiu chun cho php kh
nhiu. Ti nh my Tng Mai, hm lng NH 4 l 6 12 mg/L, c khi ln ti
18 mg/L; ti H nh, hm lng NH4+ l 12 20 mg/L, c khi ln ti 25 mg/L;
ti Php Vn, hm lng NH4+ l 15 30 mg/L, c khi ln ti 40 mg/L [1, 2, 3].
Hin nay vn nc sinh hot b nhim amoni ang l vn c rt
nhiu nh khoa hc quan tm. tm c mt phng php x l amoni hiu
qu v ph hp p dng cho x l nc n ung, sinh hot ang l vn rt cp
thit.
T mt s kt qu thc nghim cho thy MnO2 trong iu kin nht nh
c th oxi ha mt phn NH4+ thnh N2, NO2- v NO3-. Nh vy nu MnO2 kch
thc nanomet th kh nng oxi ha NH4+ ca n l rt cao.
Vi nhng k vng v cu trc cha hon chnh ca MnO2 kch thc
nanomet chng ti s dng vt liu MnO2 mang trn laterit x l amoni

trong nc. Nu nghin cu ny em li kt qu tt th vt liu trn thc s rt

c ngha trong x l nc cp b nhim do n va c th x l c mt s
kim loi nng trong nc li va c th x l amoni trong nc.
u tin, chng ti to vt liu MnO2 mang trn laterit bin tnh nhit
(VL1) v MnO2 c kch thc nanomet mang trn laterit bin tnh nhit (VL2).
chng minh MnO2 thc s c kch thc nanomet chng ti tin hnh
chp nh SEM kho st cu trc ca vt liu
Sau khi iu ch thnh cng hai loi vt liu v chng minh c vt
liu VL2 thc s c MnO2 kch thc nanomet mang trn laterit, chng ti s
dng hai loi vt liu to c kho st kh nng x l amoni theo thi
gian v cho hiu sut x l kh cao: vt liu VL1: t hiu sut x l 55% sau 4
gi v vt liu VL2 t hiu sut x l 63% sau 2 gi. ng thi c 2 qu trnh
hp ph v oxi ha din ra trong qu trnh kho st do chng ti tin hnh
kho st kh nng x l amoni ca 2 vt liu theo 2 hng:
Th nht, kho st thi gian t cn bng hp ph ca cc vt liu v ti
trng hp ph cc i i vi amoni c th ca VL1 l 2.48mg/g, thi gian t
cn bng hp ph l sau 4 gi v ca VL2 l 21.4mg/g, thi gian t cn bng
hp ph l sau 3 gi.
Th hai, nghin cu kh nng oxi ha amoni thnh N2, NO2- v NO3-. Vi
nng NH4+ ban u l 100ppm, khi c mt vt liu, Mn2+ v sc kh lin tc
th lng NO3- c to ra nhiu nht 18.87 mg/l sau 24 gi. Tin hnh kho st
kh nng x l amoni bng m hnh ng tuy nhin hiu xut x l kh thp.

Cui cng, chng ti d on 1 s c ch oxi ha amoni thnh N2, NO2-,

NO3-, khi c mt MnO2 kch thc nanomet, ion Mn2+ v O2 ha tan.
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