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(97 65 ) 33 = (97 33 ) (65 33 ) = 34 22

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() (), :
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6 2 + 5 + 3
6 2 3
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3 + 1
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6 2 + 5 + 3 = (2 + 1)(3 + 1) + 2
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84 120
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84 = 22 3 7
120 = 23 3 5
(84,120) = 22 3 = 12
3:
63
()
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6 8
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6=23
8 = 23
(6,8) = 23 3 = 8 3 = 24
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4 + 3 = 5 5 3
4 + 3 = 5 5 3
4 5 + 3 = 5 3
2 = 8
2
2
8
2
= 4
64

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2;

2.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
()
2 3 + 2 = ( 2)( 1)
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()
2 2 4 + 3 = 2( 2) + 3
__________________________________________________________
()
3 2 12 + 12 = 3( 2)2
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()
2 4 = ( 2)( 2)
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()
2 + 2 9 = ( 2)( 2)
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2
3 6 2 + 12 8;
3:
65

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(12,24,36)=12
()

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() (12 3 2 , 24 2 3 , 36 4 ) = 12 2
() (4( )( + ), 6( + )2 , 2( + )) = 2( + )
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() (), :
() = () () + ()
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4
2 6 + 8
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1. 9 3 + 2 7
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9 3 + 2 7 3 2.
66
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9 3 + 0 2 7 + 2 3 2
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9 3 + 6 2 .
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3 2
3 2
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9 3 + 0 2 7 + 2
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6 2 + 4
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:
+2(3 2) = 6 2 4
6 2 + 4
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:
9 3 + 0 2 7 + 2
9 3 + 6 2
+6 2 7 + 2
6 2 + 4
3 + 2
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0
3 2
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3
3
= 1
:
1(3 2) = 3 + 2
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3
9 + 2 7 3 + 2 1 .
3:
67
2.
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2
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2 + 0 4 2
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2 + 4 2

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68
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3. :
() 16 4 2 , 36y 3
() 30( 1)( + y) , 18( 1) , 42( 1)2
:
() (16 4 2 , 36 3 ) = 4 2
() [30( )( + ) ,
18( ) , 42( )2 ] = 6( 1)
1. :
() ( 2) ( + 1),
() 5 + 2 2 4 6.
2. :
() + 6 2 2 + 13 27,
() + 4 3 8,
() 3 9 2 6 + 2 .
3. :
3
2
1
2 + 3 + 4
3
2
4 22 + 32 8
+2
2 4
3
2
3 + 12 4
4. :
() 24 3 2 2 , 15 2 3 , 6 4 3
() 16 2 2 , 4 3 5 , 12 3 3
() 9 2 ( )3 , 6 2 ( )2 ( + )
5.
.

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6.
:
(2 5) = 6 15
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()
3:
= 3 15
69

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(1)
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2
6 12 = 2(3 6)
6 2 12 = 3(2 2 4)
6 12 = (6 12)
6 2 12 = 3(2 4)
6 2 12 = 6( 2)
70
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3:

1. :
() 103 + 10
() 32 3 92
() 2( + ) + 5y( + )
:
() 10 3 + 10 = 10( 2 + 1)
() 3 2 3 9 2 =
3 2 ( 3)
() 2( + ) + 5( + ) =
( + )(2 + 5)
() 10( ) + 2( ) =
10( ) 2( ) =
2( )(5 )
() 10( y) + 2(y )
10.
3 2 .
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2( + ) 5( + ).

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10( ) 2( ).

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:
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2. :
() 3 + 21 + 72 + 3
() + 2
() 12 2 8 9 + 6
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() 3 + 21 + 72 + 3 =
2 = 2 ( + 7) + 3( + 7)

3 .
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( + 7).
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3:
73
() + 2 =

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= ( ) + ( )
= ( )( + )
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= 4(3 2) 3(3 2)
4

3
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= (3 2)(4 3)
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1.
:
+
7 + 7 7
3 3 + 6
7 3 14 2
2. :
() 7 + 7
() 6 6
() 12 6
() 4 3
() 5 + 10 2
() 4 2 18 2 + 16
() 8 2 6
() 15 + 30 10
74
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()
3 2
3:
3. :
() 2( + ) + 5( + )
() 3( ) + ( )
() ( + 1) 2(1 + )
() 4(2 5) + 9(5 2)
() ( + )2 3( + )
() ( ) +
() ( 2) 5(2 )
() ( + )2 + 3( + )
4. :
() + 5 + 2 + 10
() 3 + 3
() 2 + 2
() 5 + 5
()
8 2 12 10 + 15
() 2 2 + 3 2 3 2
5. + = 4 = 3,
:
= 4 + 4
= 2 3 2 + 2 2 3
= 2 + 2 + +
= 3 + 3
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15.

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3 3 = ( )( 2 + + 2 )
3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2 )
3 27 = 3 33 = ( 3)( 2 + 3 + 32 )
= ( 3)( 2 + 3 + 9)
83 + 3 = (2)3 + 3 = (2 + )[(2)2 2 + 2 ]
= (2 + )(42 2 + 2 )
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76
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1.
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() 4 2 9 2
() 3 3 24
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() 4 2 9 2
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= 3( 3 23 )
= 3( 2)( 2 + 2 + 4)
= ( )( + ) + ( + )
= ( + )( + 1)
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3 + 3 = 53 3 4 5
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3 + 3 = 125 60 = 65
3:
77
:
:
3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2 )
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
2 + 2 = ( + )2 2
2 + 2 = 52 2 4
2 + 2 = 25 8
2 + 2 = 17
,
3 + 3 = ( + )( 2 + 2 )
3 + 3 = 5 (17 4)
.
3
3
+ = 5 13
3 + 3 = 65
1. :
() 2 4
() 2 49
() 4 2 9 2
() 81 + 16 2
() 25 4 1
() 81 4 16 6
()
1
2
49 2
() 3 3 3
() 9 2
1
4
() 2
() 2 2 32
() 184 50 4
2. :
() (2 1)2 2
() (5 + 1)2 4
() 4 2 ( )2
() ( + 2)2 16
() (2 2 ) + (2 2 )
() ( )2 ( 2)2
() 2 ( + )2
() 2 ( + )2
3. :
() 2 2 5 5
() 2 4 2 + 4
() ( 3) 2 ( 3) 2
() 16( + 4) ( + 4) 2
() ( 3) + 2( 2 9 2 )
() ( 2 2 )(2 + ) ( )(4 2 2 )
78
3:
4. :
() 3 8
() 125 + 3
()
3
8
27
() 2 3 54 3
() 3 + 27
() 3 3 24
() 3 9
() 3 + 3
() 3 3 + 1
5. :
() 3 ( ) + 3 ( )
() 3 3 2( 2 2 )
() 3 + 3 3( + )
() ( 3 1) 2( 1)
6. ,
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() 1002 992
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7. = 22015 + 22015 = 22015 22015,
2 2 .
8. ( ) 3 3 .
3:
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= 2 + 5 + 4.
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2 . 2 + + , 0
2 .
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2 + + :
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2 + 3 10 = ( 2)( + 5)

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2
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81
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2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
2 2 + 2 = ( )2
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4 2 + 12 + 9
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= 2 2 6 + (6)2
= ( 6)2
:
.
1. :
() 2 5 6
() 2 + 6 + 9
() 3 2 + 6 24
() 2 2 10 + 25
:
() 2 5 6 = ( 6)( + 1)
() 3 2 + 6 24
= 3( 2 + 2 8)
= 3( + 4)( 2)
() 2 + 6 + 9 = ( + 3)2
() 2 2 10 + 25
= 2 10 + 25 2
= ( 5)2 2
= ( 5 )( 5 + )
82
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1.
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C_En3_Par.trionimou.ggb
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3. :
() 2 9 + 20
() 2 2 15
() 2 + 5 + 6
() 2 6 + 8
() 2 + 90
() y 3 5y 2 150y
() 2 + 8 6
() 5 + 4 2 3
() 2 5 4
() ( 15) + 56
() 2 2 14 + 20
() 4 5 3 6 2
4. :
() 2 18 + 81
() 64 16 + 2
() 25 2 + 30 + 9
() 3 6 2 + 9
() 4 2 + 12 + 9 2
() 164 + 242 + 9 2
3:
83
5.
= 4 4 2 , = 2 3 2 8 + 4 .
6. 25 2 30 + 9 2.
.
7. ,
:
() 9922 + 2 8 992 + 82
() 0,582 + 0,422 + 2 0,58 0,42
8. :
() 2 2 + 2 2
() 2 16 2 + 8 1
() + + 2 + 2 + 1
() 1 2 2 2
9.
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() 2 + + 10
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84
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3:
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1, 3, 6, 10,

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1
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() 55
() 150
() 120
() 200
3:
85
(2)

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2 + 4 + 4
2 + 4 + 3
2 + 4 + 5
2 + 4 + 4 = 0
2 + 4 + 3 = 0
2 + 4 + 5 = 0
86

:
1 () 2 () () = 0.

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:
( 2) (2 + 3) = 0
( 2) ( + 5) = 0
1 () 2 () () = 0
1 () = 0 2 () = 0 = 0
+ = 0 , 0 ,
( )

= .

,
.
() () = 0 () = 0 () = 0
2=0
=2
2 + 3 = 0
3
=
2
=0 2=0 +5=0
=0 =2
= 5
2 + + = 0
2 .
:
2 2 1 = 0
3:
2 4 0,
2 + + = 0 , 0 :
1 =
+ 2 4
2
,
:
2 2 1 = 0
H :
1 =
, =
2 =
2 4
2
= 2 , = 1, = 1
2 4
2
(1)(1)2 42(1)
=
22
+19
= 4
1,2 =
+1+3
4
2 =
4
4
=1
+13
4
2
4
1
2
:
2 + + = 0, 0 4.
4 2 + 4 + 4 = 0
42 2 + 4 + 4 = 0
(42 2 + 4 + 2 ) 2 + 4 = 0 2 ,
2
(2 + ) = 4
2 4 0 :
2 + = 2 4
2 = + 2 4
1 =
+ 2 4
2
2 + = 2 4
2 = 2 4
2 =
2 4
2
, 2 + + = 0, 0
1,2 =
2 4
2
3:
87

1. :
() (2 1)( 1)( + 2) = 0
() 3 = 64
() 2 + 2 = 0
() ( 18) + 81 = 0
:
() H 1 () 2 () () = 0.
,
.
(2 1)( 1) = 0
= 0 2 1 = 0 1 = 0
= 0 2 = 1
=0
=2
=1
=1
() H 1 () 2 () () = 0.
,
.
2 + 2 = 0
2 = 0 + 2 = 0
= 2
= 2
()
1 () 2 () () = 0 .
.

3 64 = 0
3 = 64
.
( 64) = 0

( 8)( + 8) = 0
.
=0 8=0
=0 =8
88
+8=0
= 8
3:
()
1 () 2 () () = 0 .
.
( 18) + 81 = 0
2 18 + 81 = 0
( 9)2 = 0
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2
9=0
, 9.
=9
2. 1
. 15 2,
.
:
,
=
= +1
. =
= 15 2
(+1)
2 + 30 = 0
( 5)( + 6) = 0
( 5) = 0 ( + 6) = 0
= 5 ()
= 6 (
)
= 15
( + 1) = 30
, 5 6 .
3. :
() (2 5)2 = 25
() 2 2 6 = 0
() 4 2 + 4 + 10 = 0
() 2 + 3 + 1 = 0
3:
89
:
() (2 5)2 = 25
,
(2 5)2 = (+5)2
2 5 = 5
2 = 5 + 5
2 = 0
=0
(2 5)2 = (5)2
2 5 = 5
2 = 5 + 5
2 = 10
=5
() 4 2 + 4 + 10 = 0
:
4 2 + 4 + 10 = 0
:
=4 ,
=4 ,
= 10
H :
1,2 =
2 4
2
442 4410
24
424
4
, 24 .
:
4 2 + 4 + 10 = 0

:
4 2 + 4 + 10 = 0
4 2 + 4 + 1 1 + 10 = 0
4 2 + 4 + 1 + 9 = 0
(2 + 1)2 + 9 = 0
(2 + 1)2 = 9
(2 + 1)2 0 . ,
:
(2 + 1)2 = 9
90
3:
() 2 2 6 = 0 , = 2 , = 1 , = 6
H :
1,2 =
2 4
2
1 =
+1+7
4
(1)(1)2 42(6)
22
149
4
17
4
2 =
8
4
=2
+17
4
6
4
= 2
() 2 + 3 + 1 = 0 , = 1 , = 3 , = 1
H :
1,2 =
2 4
2
1 =
332 4(1)1
2
313
2
3+13
2
+313
2
2 =
313
2
+3+13
2
1. :
() ( + 5) = 0
() 52 10 = 0
() 4 4 2 = 0
() 2 5 + 6 = 0
() ( 7)( + 5)(2 3) = 0
() (2 5)( 2 6 + 5) = 0
() 25 2 10 + 1 = 0
() ( 2 9)(9 2 6 + 1) = 0
3:
91
2. :
() 3 = 25
() 2 = 35 2
() 3 + 2 = 2
() ( + 4)( 3) = 3
3. :
() 2 = 12
() 3 = 2 2
() ( 6) = 9
() 2 ( 10) + 25 = 0
() 2 2 5 + 10 = 0
() 5 2 4 1 = 0
() 3 2 + 2 = 0
() ( 2 7 + 12)(2 2 5 + 2) = 0
() 2 2 2 3 = 0
4. N :
() 2 2 + 1 = 0
() 2 + 1 = 0
() (2 )2 = 0
() 4 2 + 12 + 8 = 0
() 9 2 6 + 2 = 0
() ( 2)2 = 4
() 25 2 20 + 12 = 0
() (3 1)2 + 9 = 0
() 16 2 + 40 + 20 = 0
5. () = ( + 1)2 + ( 1)3 3 + 7:
() () = 2 2 + 5 + 7
() () = 0
6.

9 2 6 + 2 = 0.
7.
6. 5
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3:
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2.
2
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2 4
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2
2 4
= (2)(+2) =
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3. :
()
()
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()
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2 2
4(+1)5
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()
12(+1)4
5 2 3
10 5 2
5 2 2
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2 4
2
(12)2
= (2)(+2)
2
21
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= (2)(+2)(21)
(1 2)2 = (2 1)2
(2 ) = ( 2)
21
:

1
2 9
2
3+9
3 +27
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2. :
1
2 9
2 3+9
3 +27
2 3+9
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(+3)(2 3+9)
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2 3+9

:
1
2 9
2 3+9
3 +27
1
(3)(+3)
2 3+9
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(+3)(2 3+9)
= (3)(+3)(2
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()
2 2 2
3
3 1
3 + 2 +
()
()
2
2
6+2
96+ 2
2
2+6
1 2
+5
345
2 +10+25
2 8+12
2 36
36
2 +56
5. :
x 2
3x
3x
= x 2
2
2
x + 2 x 3x + 2
x + 2 x 3x + 2
=
=
3x
x 2
x + 2 ( x 2) ( x 1)
3x
( x + 2)( x 1)
1
x +2
2
3:
101
6.

= 2013.
2 4 2 3
2
7. :
()
()
2
3
(+1)
2 1
()
()
36
1
510
1515
3 3
+

1
1
2 2
8. A =
.
102
2 2 4
3 3
2 + 3
2 ++ 2
3:
,
.
6 .
, 5
.

.
:

, .
,
, .
,
, .

, .
,
.
()

.
:
:
(2 2 , 6 2 , ) = 6 2 2
( )( + ), 5( + )2 = 5( + )2 ( )
3:
103

.
:

+
+ =
,
=

:
+3
+2
+2
+3(2)
2
+1
3(+1)+4
+2
+3+2
3+3+4
+2
+5
+2
,
.
:
(2, + 1) = 2( + 1)
+1
3
2
2(+1)
2(+1)
7+3
2(+1)
,

.
()
= 0 () = 0 () 0.
( )
()
() = 0 ,
(),
().
:
2
=0
+3
2 =0
: + 3 0
3
=2
.
1. :
()
104
()
2 1
+1
3:
:
()
()
1
+
= + =
2
1
2 1
+1
, () .

1
2 1 .
2
1
(1)(+1)
+1
...:
= ( + 1)( 1)
21(1)
= (+1)(1)
2+1
= (+1)(1)
+1
= (+1)(1)
=
1
1
2.
:
2
2
+
= 2
3 2 4 5 + 6
2
2
+
=
3 2( 2) ( 2)( 3)
2( 2)
2
3
2
2
+
=
3
2( 2) ( 2)( 3)
4( 2) + ( 3)
4
=
2( 2)( 3)
2( 2)( 3)
4( 2) + ( 3) = 4
4 8 + 2 3 4 = 0
2 + 12 = 0
( + 4)( 3) = 0
+4=0 3=0
= 4 = 3
+ 24 = 2 5+6
H = 4
= 3 .
,

.
= 2( 2)( 3)
:
2( 2)( 3) 0
2 0 3 0

E
.

.
( 2 3)
3:
105

1.
:
()
()
()
()
+ 3 5
+5
3
+ +5
3
()
+2
()
+ 2 + 3
11
3
+ +2
+ 3
2.

;
()
()
3+5
10
3+5
()
10
()
6+10
20
3+5
3.
.
,
() 300
() 100
() 900
() (), (), ().
;
4. :
()
()
()
+1
2 4
1
()
1
2 2
6
()
3
2 12 2 +3
5.
+ 2 :
() 1.
() 0.
106
1
2
+2
4 2 +1
21 4 2 1
2+1
()
2 +2
2 2 4
3:
6.
2+1
+ +1 = (+1).
:
1
() +
2
()
1
5
()
+6
7. :
1
1
() (2 ):
2
() +
+2
2 3+2
8. :
()
()
()
()
7
+1
+4
3
12
=0
=
()
21
()
= 1
1
3
2 16
()
+ 11
20
+ 21
() 3( + 2) +2
() 1 + + 2 : 2 1
() 1 2
10
2 23
()
+1
=0
2 23
()
+ 4 = +4
2
9 2 1
: 2
1

=2
+ +1 = 2
1
5
2 12
+ 4 = 2 +3
9.
:

:
()
()
(+3)
+1
=0
+1
()
2 4
()
+2
2 +
=0
=0
=1
1)
= 0 = 3
3)
=3
2)
4)
5)
=2
=1
= 0 = 1 = 1
3:
107

1.
:
() 3 + 3
() 5 2 + 10 2 15 3
() 2 7 + 10
() 2 12
() 8 2 4
() 2 3 2
() 2 + + 5 + 5
() 3 6 2 + 8
() 3 27
2.
:
() ( + 1)2 9
() 162 8 + 2
() 3 3 + 2 2
() 42 ( 2 1) + 4 2 (1 2 )
() (3 + 2)2 16 2
() 3 + 3 3 3
() 2 10 + 25 + 4 20
() 3 3 + 3 3
() 3 + 22 + + +
() (3 9)(2 9) ( 3)2
() 2 2 10 + 25
() ( )2 ( + 1)2
() 2 + 4 36 12 + 2
3.
.

1
1
= 2 .
2
,
.
() .
() ,
9 ;
4. ()
2 + 2 .
() ,
, 2 + 2 = + .
108
3:
5. :
()
()
9 4 3
()
2 +2
()
3 2 2
2 +3+2
+5
2 +5
(3)+ 2 9
4 2 9
6. :
1
()
2 4
()
+3
2 4
2 +
2 4
()
2 +5+6
2 +3
2 +
2 6 2 6+9
()
3
5
15
+ 1 2 1
+1
()
2 +3
+3 2+18
3
8.
:
()
()
2+1
(+1)
3 +8
2 4
()
+1
(+1)
()
y2 9
y
2 2+4
1
1
2 2
()
+4
()
()
3
6
3
12
2
+2
()
5+9
42
2y2
()
7. :
()
y2 y6
()
2 6
+9
2
()
3 2
()
2 +2
2 +6
()
23
()
4 2 +1
21 4 2 1
2+1
2 4
2 +4+4
: +2
()
1
1
.
2015
2016
21
(+1)
3:
()
(+1)
109
9. ()
:
2
2+3
2
31
() +3 + () = +3
() +3 () = +3
()
+1
2 9
+3
2 2+1
()
() = 3(+3)
10. :
() ( 2)( + 8) = 0
()
() 3( + 5)2 = 0
()
() ( + 1) = 3( + 1)
()
() = 1
3(5 2) = 0
2 = 9
() 16 2 8 + 1 = 0
() ( + 3) = 4
( 3)( + 2) = +6
11. ,
5 24 2 .
12. 2 .
10
.
13.
20 .

.
14. :
()
()
+1
()
3+1
()
110
=2
33
3
()
=0
()
7
= 2 3
2(+1)
2+
4+1
(2)
3
+1
()
30
= 2 6
()
+5
= 2
+2
= 2
2 +
+8
+ = 2 +2
10
+ 2 1 = 2
3:
15.
:
() .

.
() ;
() ;
16.
.
.
17. 2 + 2 = 1 ( + 2)2 + (2 )2 = 5.
3:
111

1. , , 0 + + = 0 ,
2 +22
+
2. =
(+1)2
+1
= + 1,
, = 1,
.
=
(+1)2
+1
,
= + 1
(1,0)
= 1.

:
() =
4 2
2
() =
(2)(23)
2
3. 20133 + 1
2014.
4. :
1
= 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+1
+2
+2009
+2010
1
5. ()
1
+1
1
(+1)
() :
1
1
1
1
=
+ + + ...+

12
23
34
20132014
6. .

2 . .
1
20 .
;
112
3:
7.
.
, .
,
.
( = ) .
() :

1
3
4
5
() ,

, :
= 2
= 8
.
,
.

.
()
.
,
;
.
PISA 2003
3:
113
8.
.
,
.
.
,
, ()
:
= 7,0 x 12 12
,
.
() ,
, 16
.
()
, 35 .
;
.
() ,
35 ;
.
PISA 2003
114
3:

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3

(97 65 ) 33 = (97 33 ) (65 33 ) = 34 22

= (3)(+3) : (+3)(2 3+9)

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