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TCXDVN 79 - 1980 Thi Cong Va Nghiem Thu Cong Tac Mong PDF
TCXDVN 79 - 1980 Thi Cong Va Nghiem Thu Cong Tac Mong PDF
tCXD 79 : 1980
Nhm H
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
2.
2.1.
2.2.
Vic la chn bin php thi cng, xy dng nn v mng phi xt n cc s liu kho
st a cht chng trnh thc hin khi thit k cng trnh. Trong tr|ng hp iu kin
a cht cng trnh thc t ca khu vc xy dng khng ph hp vi nhng tnh ton
trong thit k th cn tin hnh nhng nghin cu b sung v a cht.
Cc vt liu, cu kin, b phn kt cu dng khi xy dng nn v mng phi tha mn
nhng yu cu ca thit k theo nhng tiu chun Nh n|c v iu kin k thut t|ng
ng.
Khi xy dng nn v mng phi c s kim tra k thut ca c quan t hng i vi
cc b phn kt cu quan trng hon thnh ring v c lp cc bin bn nghim thu
trung gian cho cc b phn kt cu y.
Khi mng xy dng trn cc loi t c tnh cht c bit (nh| t ln |t, t p)
cng nh| mng ca cc cng trnh c bit quan trng th phi t chc vic theo di
chuyn v ca mng v bin dng ca cng trnh trong thi k xy dng. Cc i t|ng
theo di v ph|ng php o |c quy nh trong thit k c tnh ton chi ph cn thit
t cc mc o v thc hin qu trnh theo di.
Sau khi xy dng xong, c quan s dng cng trnh phi tip tc vic theo di ni trn.
Nn mng thin nhin.
Khi dng t lm nn thin nhin cn phi p dng nhng bin php xy dng cht
l|ng ca nn |c chun b v cc tnh cht t nhin ca t khng b xu i do
n|c ngm v n|c mt xi l, thm |t do tc ng ca cc ph|ng tin c gii, vn
ti v do phong ha.
V nguyn tc khng |c php ngng cng vic gia lc o xong h mng v bt
u xy mng. Khi bt buc ngng vic th phi c cc bin php bo v tnh cht
thin nhin ca t. Vic dn sch y h mng phi lm ngay tr|c lc xy mng.
Trong nhng tr|ng hp thit k c nghin cu tr|c, cho php xy mng trn nhng
nn t p sau khi chun b nn ph hp vi ph|ng php t v m nn t, c
xt n thnh phn v trng thi ca t.
Cho php dng nn t bng x v cc vt liu khng phi t lm nn cho cng trnh
khi c cc ch dn c bit |c chun b trong thit k, c d kin trnh t, k thut
thi cng v kim tra cht l|ng cng vic.
2.4.
2.5.
tCXD 79 : 1980
Kt cu chng vch h mng, v nguyn tc phi dng phc hp thp hnh tho lp (tr
nhng tr|ng hp chng vch cc h mng nh, |ng ho, h o c chuyn tuyn
phc tp, o bng tay). Vic chng d phi lm sao cho khng cn tr thi cng cc
cng vic xy dng mng tip theo. Trnh t tho d kt cu chng vch h mng phi
m bo thnh h mng n nh cho n khi kt thc cng vic xy dng mng.
Cc vn thp dng chng vch h mng phi rt ln |c s dng li.
Khi su t mng thay i, vic o t, trong cc h mng, cc |ng ho phi lm
tng cp. T s chiu cao chia cho chiu di ca mi bc do thit k quy nh nh|ng
khng |c nh hn 1: 2 cc t dnh; 1: 3 cc t khng dnh.
Nu trng thi t nhin ca t nn c cht v tnh chng thm khng t yu cu
ca thit k th phi m cht thm bng cch ph|ng tin m nn (xe lu, ba m
vv).
nn cht biu th bng khi l|ng th tch ht t (1) phi cho tr|c trong thit k v
phi m bo nng cao bn, gim thp tnh bin dng v tnh thm n|c ca t.
Ch thch: (1) Khi l|ng th tch ht t l khi l|ng ht rn trong n v th tch t (cng
hay gi l dung trng kh) k hiu G.
2.6.
Vic lp y khong trng gia cc mng bng t v m nn t phi tin hnh sao
cho gi nguyn |c lp chng thm ca cc mng, ca cc t|ng tng hm cng nh|
ca cc |ng ng ngm t bn cnh (nh| |ng cp, |ng ng vv).
2.7. Khong trng gia cc mng |c lp y n cao trnh m bo s thot chy chn
chn ca n|c mt.
2.8. N|c ngm vo h mng trong thi gian xy mng nht thit phi bm ra, khng cho
php lp b tng hay va mi thi cng ngp n|c chng no ch|a t 30% c|ng
thit k. phng nga va b ra tri khi khi xy cn lm cc rnh thot n|c v
cc ging thu n|c. Vic ht n|c ra khi h mng phi tin hnh c ch n nhng
yu cu ch|ng 4 ca bn quy nh ny.
Khi t cc h thng tiu n|c cn tun theo cc yu cu v thnh phn kch th|c v
cc tnh cht ca nhng vt liu thot n|c cng nh| m bo dc quy nh ca
cc h thng thot n|c.
2.9. Khi su t mng thay i th vic xy mng phi bt u t cao trnh thp nht ca
nn. Cc phn hoc khi mng nm cao hn phi xy trn nn |c m cht ca
t p, khong trng, gia cc phn hoc khi mng nm bn d|i.
2.10. Tr|c khi xy mng, nn t chun b phi |c xc nhn bng bin bn ca hi
ng bao gm bn giao thu v bn nhn thu, v khi cn thit c i din ca c quan
thit k.
Hi ng ny xc nh s ng n v v tr, kch th|c v cao ca y h mng, cc
lp t thc t v nhng tnh cht ca t so vi nhng s liu d tnh trong thit k,
ng thi xc nh kh nng t mng cao thit k hay cao thay i.
Khi cn thit, vic kim tra s gi nguyn cc tnh cht t nhin ca t nn hoc cht
l|ng nn cht t nn ph hp vi thit k phi |c tin hnh bng cch ly mu
th nghim trong phng, bng th nghim xuyn.
2.11. Khi xy mng cn kim tra su t mng, kch th|c v s b tr trn mt bng cu
to cc l, cc hc, vic thc hin lp chng thm, cht l|ng cc vt liu v cc b
phn kt cu dng. Khi chun b nn v lp chng thm ca mng nht thit phi lp
bin bn kim tra cc cng trnh khut.
tCXD 79 : 1980
3. Nn cht t ln |t.
3.1. nn cht cc t ln |t, phi p dng cc bin php:
Trong phm vi vng bin dng ca nn hoc mt phn ca n nn cht b mt bng
vt m nng, lm m t, m nn h mng c hnh dng v chiu su nh:
Trong phm vi ton b lp ln |t ca nn nn cht su bng cc t v thm |t
tr|c.
Vic la chn mt hoc kt hp mt s cc bin php nn cht do thit kt quyt nh.
3.2. Khi xy dng nn trn cc t ln |t phi c cc bin php thot n|c m|a cho khu
vc xy dng.
3.3. Vic nn cht t ln |t phi tin hnh trn c s ti liu iu tra a cht cng trnh,
bao gm nhng s liu v n|c ngm khu xy dng, v chiu dy ln |t, v loi t
theo mc ln |t, v ln kh d do ti trng mng v trng l|ng bn thn, cng
nh| v cc c tr|ng ca t trng thi thin nhin (dung trng, t trng, gii hn
nho, gii hn ln, ln |t t|ng i, p lc ln |t ban u vv).
3.4. Cc ph|ng n thit k v nn cht t ln |t phi bao gm:
a) Khi nn cht cht b mt bng ba m: - Mt bng v mt ct h mng vi cc
kch th|c ca din tch m nn v chu vi mng; cc ch dn v su m cht
cn thit, v cht yu cu v m tt nht c t, v vic chn kiu my m
nn t, v s ln p ca ba m v s l|t m ca my, v tr s gim thp cao
trnh b mt |c m.
b) Khi lm cc m t: - Mt bng v mt ct ca h mng, cc c tr|ng c l ca
t p, ch dn v dy ca lp p, v my mc m t v ch lm vic
ca n, cng nh| cht ca t trong tng m.
c) Khi m nn h mng: - Nhng s liu v quy hoch h|ng ng ca a im xy
dng, mt bng b tr v kch th|c ca cc h mng, nhng ch dn v vic bc b
v s dng lp t mu, v m cht t p thm, v vic dng cc thit b treo v
cc ch cng tc ca cc my mc m nn, v tnh cht c l ca t nn.
d) Khi nn cht bng cc t: - Mt bng b tr cc vi ch dn v |ng knh v chiu
su ca chng, cc yu cu v m cng nh| v cht trung bnh v ti thiu
ca t |c m cht, v c im ca thit b |c dng, tng trng l|ng ca
t v trng l|ng tng phn vo trong l khoan, cc ch dn v chiu dy ca
lp t m v ph|ng php loi n bng cch m cht thm hoc bc b.
e) Khi nn cht bng cch thm |t tr|c: - Mt bng phn chia din tch m cht
trn ring tng khu vc c s ch dn su v trnh t lm thm |t, v tr cc mc
su v mc b mt, s h thng ng dn n|c, cc s liu v l|ng n|c tiu th
trung bnh ngy m trn 1m2 din tch nn cht v thi gian lm |t mi h mng
hoc mi khu vc. Cn trong tr|ng hp lm thm |t qua l khoan - cn thm mt
bng b tr cc l khoan c km ch dn v su v |ng knh ca chng, cc
ph|ng php khoan v loi vt liu thot n|c nhi vo h khoan.
3.5. Tr|c khi bt u cng tc m cht phi xc nh r thm v m v cht t nhin
ca t su do thit k quyt nh.
Nu m t nhin ca t so vi m tt nht thp hn 0,05 hoc thp hn na th
nn tin hnh lm m thm bng cch n|c. L|ng n|c cn dng A cho 1m3 t
|c xc nh theo cng thc:
A = Jh (k.W0 W).
(1)
3.6.
3.7.
tCXD 79 : 1980
tCXD 79 : 1980
3.8.
Khi hon thnh vic nn cht th nghim phi ghi thnh nhng bin bn, trong thuyt
minh r nhng tr s ngh v chi khi nn cht t v lm m t, bng cc my
m khc nhau, nhng th quan h gia mc gim thp b mt t m v y ca h
mng |c m nn vi ch lm vic my m, nhng s liu v s ln p cn thit
cho mt phn t vo trong h khoan khi lm cc t, nhng th ln ca cc mc
b mt v mc su, l|ng n|c tn khi lm |t t v nhng kt qu khc v m
cht th nghim quy nh cng ngh ca cc cng vic chnh nhm bo m nhng
ch tiu thch ng v cht l|ng v thi hn.
3.9. Vic nn cht b mt ca t bng ba m nn phi |c thc hin theo cc yu cu:
a) Khi o h mng v cc ho nn tin hnh ring tng on v tu theo nng sut
ca my m tnh ton chn k kch th|c ca chng thch hp gi |c m tt
nht ca t mng l thin sut trong thi gian m nn.
b) Lm m thm t, phi t|i u l|ng n|c tnh ton trn ton b din tch cn lm
m; ng thi vic m t ch |c bt u sau khi n|c t|i thm ht v t
trn b mt se li t m gn bng m tt nht.
c) Nn cht t trong phm vi tng on phi tin hnh thnh chu k, chuyn tip t
vt ny n vt khc; khi su c mng khc nhau, nn cht t nn bt u t
ct cao hn.
d) Sau khi kt thc m cht b mt, lp t b ti pha trn cn phi m li bng
cch p nn ca ba m t cao 0,5 1m ng vi m tt nht.
3.10. Xy dng cc m t phi thc hin trong h mng o thp hn ct thit k chn
mng mt su bng chiu dy m t v tun theo cc yu cu:
a) Chiu dy mi lp t nn ly tu thuc vo kh nng m cht ca my mc
|c s dng;
b) t lm m t nn |a n h mng trng thi m tt nht hoc tin hnh
lm m thm chng n m tt nht ti ni san m.
c) Ch sau khi kim tra cht l|ng nn cht v nhn |c nhng kt qu tha mn
ca lp tr|c th mi tin hnh ri t lp tip theo.
3.11. m nn h mng cn phi thc hin theo cc yu cu sau:
a) m h d|i mng n nn thc hin cng mt lc trn tt c chiu su ca h v
khng thay i v tr thanh nh h|ng cho my m.
b) Lm m thm t (trong tr|ng hp cn thit) nn tin hnh t ct y h n su
khng b hn 1,5 chiu rng ca h.
3.12. Nn cht su nn t bng cc t phi tin hnh theo cc yu cu:
a) Khoan bng my khoan p phi thc hin m thin nhin ca t. Cc my
phi n nh, cn thanh nh h|ng ca ba p phi tht thng ng; nn tin hnh
khoan l bng ba p c |ng knh nh hn 0,45m v trng l|ng khng b hn 3
tn ri t cao 0,8 1,2 mt.
b) Cho php to l bng ph|ng php n mn, nu m ca t gii hn ln, cn khi
m nh th t cn phi lm m thm; trong tr|ng hp khng c nhng ch dn
trong thit k, cc l mn |c khoan vi |ng knh 80mm, cn thuc n l loi
am-m-nit N09 hay N010 c trng l|ng 50 gam mi vin vi s l|ng 5-10 vin trn
1 mt di ca l; khi to l bng ph|ng php n nn lm tng l mt, cn nhng l
khc - ch sau khi t v m cht tng lp trong nhng l n mn xong.
3.13.
3.14.
3.15.
4.
4.1.
tCXD 79 : 1980
4.3.
4.4.
4.5.
4.6.
4.7.
4.8.
tCXD 79 : 1980
Chn cc bin php h thp mc n|c cn phi ch n tnh hnh thin nhin, kch
th|c vng lm kh cn, cc ph|ng php thi cng h mng v vng ln cn n, thi
gian ko di ca chng v cc iu kin a ph|ng khc ca cng tr|ng xy dng.
Khi thc hin cng tc h thp mc n|c cn phi nghin cu cc bin php chng s
ph hoi cc tnh cht t nhin ca t trong nn cc cng trnh c hoc mi xy
dng v cc bin php ngn nga s ph hoi n nh cc mi dc v y h mng.
Cn phi phi hp cc cng tc h thp mc n|c vi cng tc t v cc cng tc xy
dng khc trong vng hot ng ca h thng h thp mc n|c v thi gian v k thut
thi cng; cng nh| v cc iu kin b tr cc ph|ng tin k thut.
Bin php tho n|c l thin c th dng trong cc iu kin, t khc nhau v su
khc nhau, nu vic tun th tt c cc yu cu iu 4.2 khng gp kh khn.
Cc rnh tiu n|c trong dng knh v ho l thin hoc lp y vt liu thm, cng nh|
cc ng tiu n|c c lp lp chng thm xung quanh |c php b t chng nhng
ngoi h mng m ngay c trc tip trong h mng. Cho php lp t cc rnh tiu
n|c kiu hnh lang ngm trong tr|ng hp dng chung sau ny trong thi k s dng
th|ng xuyn cng trnh.
Ph|ng php ging lc kiu ng chm kim nn s dng trong t khng phn lp v c
h s thm t 1 n 50ngy m; ng thi khi s dng n nn trang b cc loi my
kiu ? c th h mc n|c ngm mt cp n su nh hn 4-5 mt cch trc bm.
Ph|ng php chn khng (khi chn khng |c pht trin trong vng thm ca khu
lp n|c nn dng trong cc t c h s thm t 0,05 n 2m/ngy m.
Khi su cn h thp mc n|c ngm nh hn 6-7m th dng cc thit b h thp mc
n|c chn khng kiu YBB v cc ng lc chm kim c lp bc xung quanh.
Khi su cn h thp mc n|c ngm nh hn 10-12m th dng ng kim lc phun c
lp bc xung quanh.
Khi c xem cc lp t cha n|c v khng thm n|c th dng thit b chn khng h
mc n|c kiu 3BBY c cc ging khoan chn khng ng tm v c th h mc n|c
ngm n 20- 22m.
Ph|ng php in thm, trong vic rt kh n|c cho t xy ra d|i tc dng ca lc
in thm xut hin khi cho i qua t dng in 1 chiu, nn dng trong t kh thm
v c h s thm nh hn 0,05m/ngy m v xem nh| l bin php tng c|ng hiu
qu lm kh t t thm n su tu thuc vo thit b chnh h thp mc n|c.
L khoan h mc l thin (thng vi kh quyn) nn dng cc loi sau y:
a) Cc ging khoan |c trang b bng cc my bm dng khi su yu cu h thp
mc n|c ngm kh ln (bt u t 4m hoc su hn) cng nh| khi su h mc
n|c khng ln (nh hn 4m) nh|ng dng b ng lc chm kim gp kh khn do
l|ng n|c chy vo nhiu, din tch cn lm kh ln v khu t cht hp;
b) Cc l khoan t phun c nghing khc nhau dng kh p lc tha trong tng
cha n|c c p; cng nh| h mc n|c su (cc ging khoan ngang trn mi
dc ca h mng l thin, cc thit b ly n|c kiu tia, cc l khoan ng|c t hm
l);
c) Cc ging thu n|c ngm xung cc tng nm pha d|i dng h mc n|c trong
cc iu kin khi pha trn c lp cha n|c, gia l lp khng thm n|c v d|i
cng l nhng lp khng cha n|c nh|ng c h s thm khng b hn 10m/ngy
m, hoc khi chnh p lc ca cc tng cha n|c khc nhau nhiu;
tCXD 79 : 1980
tCXD 79 : 1980
mk ( H y )t
Rx
(2)
2Smk ( H y )
R
ln
x
(3)
Trong :
v- Tc thm tnh bng m/ngy m;
k- H s thm, tnh bng m/ngy m;
i- Gradien thu lc;
Q- L|u l|ng n|c, tnh bng m3/ngy m;
m- Chiu dy ca lp cha n|c khi thm c p hoc chiu dy trung bnh ca
dng chy bng
Hy
khi thm khng c p, tnh bng mt.
2
A 2 S k .H
(4)
R S 10 S k
Khi thm c p:
(5)
Trong :
A- bn knh tnh i ca h thng h mc n|c, tnh bng m. i vi h thng h mc
n|c vng vy c t s cc cnh ca n nh hn 10 th
-
tCXD 79 : 1980
F
(6)
10
tCXD 79 : 1980
4.19. Cc b thu n|c v cc knh thot n|c ca h thng thot n|c l thin, ni chung nn
b tr ngoi phm vi nn cng trnh. Trong iu kin cht hp phi t cc b cha n|c
trong phm vi ca nn th cn phi gia c chng cho vng chc. Cc t|ng thm v y
ca b cha phi |c bo v chng xi l. Chiu rng ca y cc knh thot n|c
khng |c nh hn 0,3 mt; cn dc ca n phi bo m 0,002 n 0,005. Mi dc
v y ca cc knh thot n|c trong t b n nn gia c chc chn.
Khi khng c kh nng thu n|c vo rnh thot hin c hoc thu v h cha t nhin
ngoi vng nh h|ng ca h thng h mc n|c th cn phi lm cc ao cha n|c.
4.20. S ging thot n|c c trang b my bm d tr tin hnh khi h mc n|c ngm
khng |c ln hn 20% s l|ng ging tnh ton ca ton h thng. S l|ng ging d
tr ca cc h thng ln c th tnh ton chnh xc theo thit k.
Cc h thng h mc n|c phong lp khng thm n|c b v, phi |c bo m
bng cc ging t thot d tr. Cc ging ny |c khoan su n y h mng.
4.21. Ti cc trm bm ht n|c l thin cn t cc my bm d tr. S l|ng my bm d
tr vo khong 50% s bm ang lm vic khi s bm ny ln hn 1 v khong 100%
nu ch c 1 bm hot ng.
4.22. i vi cc i t|ng xy dng m nu ngng ht n|c c th ph hoi kh nng thi
cng an ton th nn thit k 2 ngun cung cp in c lp cho h thng h mc n|c.
4.23. Tr|c khi bt u cng tc h mc n|c cn phi kim tra tnh trng k thut ca cc
nh v cng trnh trong vng thi cng, nm r tnh hnh cc |ng giao thng ngm
hin c v tin hnh san bng v dn sch khu vc b tr cc thit b thot n|c v h
mc n|c.
4.24. Trong qu trnh h mc n|c cn phi bo m s iu chnh c ng cc ch lm
vic ca h thng bng cch tt ton b, mt phn hoc nh k cc t my bm theo
mc gim l|u l|ng n|c ht ra. H thng h mc n|c phi trang b thm cc thit
b bo m pht tn hiu n ni iu phi v ct t ng bt k t my no.
4.25. Khi khoan cc ging v t thit b lc vo ging nn ch n cc yu cu:
a) Khoan cc ging bng ph|ng php p treo cn phi tin hnh nh| th no chn
ng chn xung su vo trong t v thp hn y h khoan khng t hn0,5m; cn
vic nng ng ht bn phi |c tin hnh vi tc khng cho php ht t qu
u d|i ca ng chn; khi khoan xuyn qua t c kh nng to thnh nhng va
cch n|c cc b th trong l ca ng chn cn phi gi mc n|c cao hn mc n|c
ngm n nh.
b) lch theo ph|ng thng ng c cc ging dng lp cc bm su c trc
truyn ng khng |c v|t qu 0,005 chiu su ca ging;
c) |c php khoan cc ging h mc n|c bng ph|ng php xi ra t st nu tr|c
trn khu t, bng th nghim, xc nh |c hiu qu tch ht st.
d) Tr|c khi h cc thit b lc v rt cc ng chn trong cc ging cn phi lm sch
vn cn do khoan; l hng pha trong ng chn ca cc ging |c khoan trong t
ct hoc ct c cha nhiu ht st, cng nh| trong cc lp xen kp tng cha n|c v
khng thm n|c cn phi |c xi ra bng n|c; cn phi trc tip tin hnh o
c kim tra su ca ging tr|c khi t cc thit b lc;
e) Khi khoan cc ging cn phi ly mu th xc nh chnh xc ranh gii cc lp
cha n|c v thnh phn ht ca t.
11
tCXD 79 : 1980
12
4.30.
4.31.
4.32.
4.33.
tCXD 79 : 1980
1 d d d 1,5
D50
khi cc l l khe h;
13
tCXD 79 : 1980
14
tCXD 79 : 1980
15
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
5.7.
tCXD 79 : 1980
n|c, thot n|c v giao thng vn chuyn bo m tin hnh cng vic; cng
nh| cc c s ca ph|ng n thit k chn.
- Mt bng khu vc, c khoanh vng khi t ci to;
- Cc s b tr cc ng phun hay cc h khoan cng tc v kim tra (thng ng,
nm ngang, nghing r qut) cng vi cu trc, su, |ng knh ca chng v
lch h|ng cho php;
- S cc ng dn dung dch (dn hi v dn kh.);
- Bng lit k cc thit b dng c khoan, bm, phun;
- Cc ch dn v ch ca qu trnh ci to t (L|ng tiu hao n v, nhit cc
dung dch s dng, p sut v thi gian bm);
- Cc gii php v quy trnh cng ngh ca cng vic;
Loi v kch th|c cc mng v nn t ci to, cng nh| p lc trung bnh tc dng
ln nn t ci to tnh ton theo t hp c bit v t hp c bn cc loi ti trng
phi |c quy nh trong thit k cng trnh.
Cng tc nghim thu kt qu ci to t cn phi quy nh t|ng ng vi cc yu cu
ca thit k v kch th|c khi t v cc c tr|ng ca t gia c.
Cc s liu sau cn phi |c trnh by khi nghim thu:
- Cc mt bng v lt ct khi t ci to cng vi v tr thc t cc ng bm v cc
l khoan;
- Cc l lch k thut ca cc vt liu s dung;
- Cc nht k kim tra cng vic (ph lc 5,6 v 7);
- Cc s liu v c|ng , tnh khng thm n|c, n nh n|c ca t ci to.
Ph|ng php silict ha v nha ha
Nn xem ph|ng php silict ha v nha ho nh| l cc bin php ci to vnh vin t
nn nh v cng trnh xy dng mng bng t ci to v xy dng cc mn chng
thm trong t ct v ln |t.
Silict ha v nha ha tin hnh bng cch bm cc dung dch silict nattri hay nha c
ha cht cng vo t qua h thng ng bm (chng |c ng vo t hay h vo trong
cc h khoan sn). Loi, nng v cch thc pha ch cc dung dch ho hc trn
|c xc nh da vo iu kin a cht cng trnh v mc ch s dng t gia c.
Cc dung dch silict nattri v nha cacbamit l cc loi vt liu ban u c bn, cn
clorua canxi, axt clohyric; oxillic v hyrflorosilict l ho cht cng. Cc ph|ng
php ny |c dng trong t ct c h s thm t 2 n 50m/ngy m, cn trong t
ln |t t 0,2 n 2m/ngy m.
Cc dung dch s dng khi silict ha v nha ha cn phi tha mn cc yu cu sau:
- Silict natri cn phi c m un trong khong 2,7 n 3,0 v mt t 1,2 n 1,3
g/cm3 khi ci to t ct v t 1,1, n 1,2 g/cm3 khi ci to t ln |t;
- Nha ccbamt cn phi c mt t 1,08 n 1,16k/cm3 v phi c hot tnh m
bo t |c c|ng d nh.
n pha ch dung dch ha hc ci to t ct v t ln cn phi xc nh da trn
tnh thm n|c v cc tnh cht khc ca t, cng nh| cc yu cu v c|ng i vi
t |c ci to.
16
5.9.
5.10.
5.11.
5.12.
5.13.
5.14.
tCXD 79 : 1980
5.15. Nn dng ph|ng php xi mng ha v st ha nh| l mt bin php ci to vnh vin
cc cng, t ct, t cui si trong nn nh v cng trnh, cng nh| xy dng
mn chng. Cc ph|ng php ny |c s dng trong cng c h s thm khng nh
hn 0,01m/ngy m, v trong t ct c h s thm khng nh hn 20m/ngy m.
Ph|ng php bm bi tum nng |c xem nh| l mt bin php ph tr lp nht cc
khe nt ln trong cng ngn nga s ra la cc dung dch xi mng v st khi tc
chy ca n|c d|i t ln.
5.16. Cn phi s dng xi mng poc lng c mc khng d|i 300 to cc dung dch xi
mng. Cho php dng xi mng bn sunpht v xi mng poc lng x, cng nh| xi mng
poc lng bt trm l khoan.
Ch |c php s dng hn hp nhiu loi xi mng khc nhau sau khi th nghim
trong phng xc nh thi gian ng kt v ho cng.
17
5.17.
5.18.
5.19.
5.20.
5.21.
5.22.
tCXD 79 : 1980
Tnh cht c l ca xi mng dng to dung dch xi mng cn phi |c kim tra i
vi mt phn xi mng em s dng, khng ph thuc vo cc s liu k thut ca nh
my sn xut n.
Khi n|c c tnh n mn, phi s dng loi xi mng bn vi n|c.
tng nhanh qu trnh ng kt ha cng ca dung dch xi mng, nn dng thu tinh
lng v clorua canxi. tng c|ng n nh ca dung dch xi mng, nn dng bentonit.
Dung dch xi mng v st |c bm p sut bm: d|i 100at bng my bm c bit,
d|i 15at v khi s dng dung dch rt m c bng my bm mng d|i 6at v khi
cho php gin on trong qu trnh bm th dng my bm kh nn. Khi dng my bm
kh nn, nn dng mt nhm gm hai my trnh gin on trong qu trnh bm.
Dung dch xi mng v dung dch st cn |c trn u trong sut thi gian bm.
Khi xi mng ha v st ha, cn phi khoan cc h khoan theo trt t ch dn trong
thit k bng ph|ng php khoan tin li gn nhau, bt u t khong cch m mi lin
h thu lc gia chng trong qu trnh bm cc dung dch bm thc s khng c.
Khi khoan trong t khng n nh, nm trn vng xi mng ha, cn phi c ng chng.
Trong cng sau khi khoan xong, cn phi ra l khoan bng n|c hay thi khng kh
nn.
Khi n|c d|i khng c p lc, c th khoan on d nh ci to tip theo ca l khoan
v bm dung dch vo t ngay sau khi kt thc xi mng ha hay st ha on tr|c m
khng cn i dung dch xi mng bm vo vng tr|c ha cng.
Khi n|c d|i t c p lc, cng nh| khi phi ngng bm v t khng hp th dung
dch na th phi ngng khoan bm mt thi gian dung dch xi mng ha cng.
Trong t mnh ln v t ct nn tin hnh xi mng ha v st ho qua cc ng c c
l, ng thi s dng cc nt kp c th bm dung dch theo tng on di 0,3
0,5m.
dung dch khng pht ra ngoi dc theo h khoan th khong khng gian gia ng v
thnh l khoan cn |c lp nht bng dung dch xi mng st.
dung dch khng b ht ng|c li vo ng bm, cc l trn ng bm nn y kn
bng bao cao su.
Trong cng, xi mng ha v st ha c th tin hnh:
a) Trn ton b l khoan khoan;
b) Bng ph|ng php t d|i ln trn, tc l l khoan bm |c khoan ngay n su
thit k v tin hnh bm theo tng on di 4 - 6m t d|i ln trn bng cch di
chuyn lin tc cc nt l|u ng, bt u t mi on d|i cng;
c) Bng ph|ng php t trn xung d|i tc l l khoan bm |c khoan n su
ca on bm u tin (4 6m) v sau khi xi mng ha vng ny, on sau li
|c khoan tip tc, c nh| vy n su thit k. Khi , cc nt s |c t trn
mi ca on tip theo n su cho php dng p sut bm cao m khng gy cc
bin dng nguy him cho tng t nm trn n.
Trong cng nt n, xi mng ha hay st ha cn phi tin hnh n khi dung dch
hon ton khng |c hp th na hay n khi l|ng tiu hao dung dch khng v|t qu
0,5l/pht trong sut thi gian 15 -20 pht.
Cn phi h thp p sut bm hay buc phi ngng bm khi l|ng tiu hao dung dch
m c gii hn qu ln; khi dung dch pht ln trn b mt hay sang l khoan bn
cnh.
18
tCXD 79 : 1980
19
5.30.
5.31.
5.32.
5.33.
6.
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
tCXD 79 : 1980
20
tCXD 79 : 1980
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
n nh khng ln hn 0,02G/cm3;
(Theo dng c - 1 hoc C 2);
c) Hm l|ng ct, biu th mc ca dung dch d|i 4% (theo OM 2);
d) mt n|c, c tr|ng kh nng chuyn n|c cho t m, - khng ln hn 30cm3
trong 30 pht theo dng c BM -6);
6.7.
6.8.
e) ng sut ct tnh, biu th bn cu trc v xc bin ca dung dch st, trong phm
vi t 10 50mg/cm2 qu 10 pht sau khi khuy trn n (theo dng c CHC);
f) Mt trong khong t 1,05 n 1,15g.cm3 khi dng st bentnit v t 1,15 n
1,30g.cm3 khi dng cc loi st khc. Ngoi ra, cn |u tin dng dung dch c mt
nh nht khi tha mn cc yu cu trn.
c |c cc thng s nu trn ca dung dch st c th cho thm cc ph gia
ha hc (natri cacbonat Na2CO3, natri florua NaF .v.v).
Dung dch st sau khi s dng vo khu vc xy dng cn |c phc hi cht l|ng
lm sch, thm t st vv dng cc ni khc.
C th dng cc my o t thng th|ng (my ngom, my xc ko dy, gu ng|c),
cc my khoan t kiu xoay v p, cc my lin hp v gu mc |c chuyn mn
ha o |ng ho |c bo b bng dung dch st.
21
tCXD 79 : 1980
22
tCXD 79 : 1980
6.13.
Bm pht va xi mng st hoc b tng khi lm mn chng thm phi tin hnh mt
cch lin tc, ng thi lc bt u thi cng phn d|i cc ng chuyn va phi nm
mc y ca ho v sau t thp hn mc va xi mng st hoc b tng khng t hn 1
mt.
Vt liu chng thm dng t st cc phi lp t t vi khi l|ng khng ln qu
v khng cho php to thnh nhng phn trn ho.
6.14. Trong qu trnh xy cng trnh ngm bng ph|ng php t|ng trong t cn phi
kim tra:
- Kch th|c hnh hc ca ho, cht l|ng dung dch st v s l|ng lng ng y
ho;
- chnh xc ca vic lp t cc khung thp v tm chn gia cc phn on thi
cng (bo m p kht tm chn vo t|ng v cm su vo y ho t mc cn
thit), thnh phn v st ca hn hp b tng, ch b tng theo trnh t quy
nh cho ph|ng php ODT v cht l|ng b tng ;
- chnh xc ca vic lp tm lt v cht l|ng nht y cc khe rnh v cc vm
cun bng dung dch trm khi thi cng t|ng b tng lp ghp;
- Cht l|ng v th tch nht y |ng ho bng vt liu chng thm;
Cc kt qu kim tra o ho, cht l|ng ca dung dch st v vic b tng t|ng
trong t cn |c ghi chp c h thng vo trong nht k cng tc (ph lc 8 10).
6.15. Khi nghim thu cc cng trnh v kt cu lm xong bng ph|ng php t|ng trong
t cn phi tin hnh kim tra s ph hp ca cc ch tiu bn, n nh, tnh
lin tc v tnh khng thm n|c ca chng vi cc quy nh trong thit k.
7.
Mng cc v t|ng xy cc vn.
7.1.
Cc quy tc v yu cu trong phn ny p dng trong thi cng v nghim thu cc loi
cng tc sau y v thi cng xy dng mng cc v t|ng vy: h cc th|ng v cc
ng, th cng cc nhi v ng vn c.
7.2.
Xy dng cc mng cc v t|ng vy cc vn cn phi lm theo thit k thi cng, trong
bao gm: cc s liu v s b tr cc cng trnh ngm v trn mt t hin c trong
vng thi cng, cc dy cp in vi nhng ch dn su t chung, cc |ng dy ti
in v cc bin php bo v chng; bng lit k cc thit b; trnh t v biu hon
thnh cng vic; cc bin php bo m k thut an ton.
c y s liu cn thit cho vic lp cc bn v mng cc, khi cn thit c quan
thi cng xy dng mng cc thc hin cc cng vic nhn thu lin quan n vic th
cc bng ti trng ng hoc ti trng tnh theo ng nhim v k thut ( c|ng) do
c quan thit k ra.
7.3.
Tr|c khi thc hin cc cng tc ch yu v thi cng mng cc, phi lm cc cng tc
chun b sau y:
a) Vn chuyn v sp xp cc th|ng, cc ng v cc vn, nh v cc trc ca bi cc
v ni ng cc vn;
b) Kim tra cc chng t ca nh my v cc th|ng, cc ng v cc vn;
c) Kim tra s ph hp gia nhn hiu trn cc th|ng, cc ng v cc vn vi cc kch
th|c thc ca chng, ng thi kim tra cc mng cc vn bng cch ko th|c c
di hn 2m dc theo chng;
d) nh du dc th|ng, cc ng, cc vn theo chiu di;
23
7.4.
7.5.
tCXD 79 : 1980
H s k khi vt liu cc l
B tng ct thp
6
5
3
5
3,5
2
Ch thch: Khi ng cc cc vn thp, cng nh| khi h cc loi cc bng ph|ng php xi n|c
khi cc h s ni trn |c tng ln thm 1,5 ln.
7.6.
24
tCXD 79 : 1980
Khi chn ba ng cc nghing nn nhn nng l|ng p tnh theo cng thc (7) vi
h s nng cao k ghi trong bng 2.
Bng 2
7.7.
nghing ca cc
H s k1
5:1
4:1
3:1
2:1
1:1
1,1
1,15
1,25
1,40
1,70
Ct no n|c, bn, st do mm v
do chy
Ct m, t st, st cng v do
mm
St cng hoc na cng, ct si,
sn
Ph|ng php h
K0/QB khi su h cc
(m)
< 15
> 15
0,80
1,0
1,10
1,30
1,30
1,60
7.8.
25
tCXD 79 : 1980
nFEtt
Qn H 2q q1
x
kp kp
Qn q q1
nF
M M
(9)
Q
kPc
Q p
eC d
kp no nG Q
2 g H h
kp 2
4 F : Q p
2 Ett
(10)
26
7.12.
tCXD 79 : 1980
1530,85 Nn Nx
P
QB
nB
0,7O
(11).
A- Bin ly bng 1/2 lc ton phn ca dao ng trong pht cui cng khi h cc,
cm;
Nn- Cng sut c hiu yu cu ton phn lc h cc, tnh bng KW;
Nx- Cng sut yu cu vn hnh khng ti i vi ba rung tng s thp, ly bng 25%
cng sut thuyt minh ca ng c in, tnh bng KW;
27
tCXD 79 : 1980
nB- Tc quay b phn khng cn bng ca b kch rung, tnh bng vng/pht;
P- Kh nng chu ti ca cc ng theo thit k, tnh bng tn;
O - H s ph thuc vo t s sc khng tnh v sc khng ng ca t. i vi t
ct xc nh theo bng 7 ph thuc vo loi v mc no n|c ca t, cn i vi
t st xc nh theo bng 8 ph thuc vo st is ca t.
QB- Trng l|ng ca h thng rung, bng tng tong l|ng ca ng ca cc v my
rung (tn).
Bng 4
Loi cc
H s n (T/m)
- Cc b tng ct thp c m
- Cc g: Khng c cc m
C cc m
- Cc thp c m
150
100
80
500
Bng 5
Lc c|ng bc
(tn)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
450
900
1.300
1.750
2.200
2.650
3.100
3.500
Bng 6
Loi t d|i mi cc
H s M
1,3
- Si sn c ln ct
- Ct:
+ Ct th, ct trung cht va v ct cng
+ Ct ht nh cht va
+ Ct bi cht va
- ct do, st v st cng
1,2
1,1
1,0
0,9
- st v st:
+ Na cng
+ Do cng
0,8
0,7
28
tCXD 79 : 1980
Bng 7
H s O i vi ct
Tn t
Th
Ct:
- No n|c
Nh
6,0
5,0
5,0
4,0
4,5
3,5
- m
Va
Bng 8
H s O i vi t st khi st
Tn t
st
St
Is > 0,75
4,0
3,0
3,0
2,2
2,5
2,0
7.13.
Oihi
hi
Trong O i - H s i vi lp t ng nht th i;
hi - cao ca lp t , tnh bng m.
Ch cho php dng xi n|c h cc nhng ni cch xa cc cng trnh v nh hin
c trn 20 mt.
gim p sut, l|u l|ng n|c v cng sut ca cc thit b bm, cn phi kt hp xi
n|c vi vic ng hoc tng ti ln cc bng ba.
Khi hn cc, cc ng bng xi n|c n su ln hn 20 mt trong t ct v ct th
vic xi n|c nn km theo bm kh p vo trong vng xi n|c.
i vi cc v cc ng c |ng knh nh hn 1 mt th cho php dng 1 ng xi t
gia tit din. i vi cc cc ng c |ng knh ln hn 1 mt th nn t cc ng xi
theo chu vi cc ng cch nhau 1 1,5 mt.
Khi h cc n mt cui cng th vic xi n|c dng li, sau cc cn |c h bng
bua hoc my rung cho n chi thit kt m khng dng n|c xi na.
29
7.15.
7.16.
7.17.
7.18.
7.19.
tCXD 79 : 1980
Ch to cc nhi cn phi tin hnh sau khi san t ton b hay cc b hoc p y n
cao trnh thit kt ca i cc, cn ni b ngp n|c - t b mt ca cc o nhn to
hoc t cc gin gio.
Khoan cc l trong t no n|c khi khong cch gia cc mp ca chng nh hn 1,5
mt nn tin hnh tng l mt; khoan cc l gn ni b tng phi tin hnh sau khi
ng kt hn hp b tng, nh|ng khng sm hn 8 gi.
Trong t st khi khng c n|c ngm, cho php lm cc l khoan m khng cn gia c
thnh ca chung.
Trng t ct cng nh| t st nm d|i mc n|c ngm, nn dng cc my khoan c
trang b cc ng chn tho lp khoan cc ging. Khi khng c cc my nh| th th
cho php gi thnh l khoan bng nhng ng chn li trong t, bng p lc d| ca
n|c hoc bng va t st.
|c php gi thnh ging khoan bng p lc d| ca n|c (ct p) nu c cc bin php
bo m s n nh cc cng trnh trn cng tr|ng hoc trn cc khu t ngoi phm vi
xy dng.
Gi tr ti |u ca p lc d| nn xc nh c th khi thi cng cc ging u tin, nh|ng
khng |c nh hn 4 mt.
Nn dng va st gi cc ging khi khng c kh nng dng p lc d| ca n|c.
Khi khoan cc ging c dng va st hoc p lc d| ca n|c cn gi ming l khoan
bng cc on ng ni khng ngn hn 2 mt.
Mc va st trong ging trong qu trnh khoan, lm sch v b tng cn phi cao hn
mc n|c ngm (hoc mc n|c bn) t nht l 0,5mt.
Khi khoan xong nn kim tra kch th|c thc t v cao trnh ca ming, y c v tr l
khoan trn bnh , cng nh| s ph hp ca t nn vi s liu thm d a cht cng
trnh.
t ct thp cho cc bng khung sn xut sn v cho vo l tr|c lc b tng.
Tr|c khi t khung ct thp va b tng cn thit phi gt sch y l khoan.
Cn phi c nh khung thp vo v tr thit k ngn nga n tri ln v dch chuyn
do hn hp b tng vo v trong qu trnh rt ng chn hoc ng b tng, cng
nh| trong tt c cc tr|ng hp b tr ct thp khng phi trn ton b chiu su ca
ging.
b tng cc cc trong ging khoan khng n nh hoc y n|c (dung dch st)
phi tin hnh khng mun hn 8 gi sau khi khoan xong.
Cn phi vn chuyn hn hp b tng bng t ch b tng hoc t trn b tng. Hn
hp b tng vo cc nhi cn c st hnh nn t 18 20cm.
Nn hn hp b tng vo ging qua ng b tng (|ng knh khng b hn
250mm) c gn phu rung.
Cc l khoan kh c chiu su nh hn 5 mt, |c php b tng m khng dng cc
ng b tng.
Cc ng dng b tng vo cc ging d|i n|c hoc d|i dung dch st cn c
phu thu c dung tch ln hn th tch ca ng v c van ng |ng dn b tng,
trong ng lc cho b tng vo phu. Cho b tng vo phu phi tin hnh trc tip t
nhng thit b vn chuyn v khng |c nhiu qu quy nh.
30
7.20.
7.21.
7.22.
tCXD 79 : 1980
Trong qu trnh b tng, khi nng ng b tng ln, u ng phi lun lun ngp
su vo va b tng t nht l 1 mt.
Vic b tng vo ging khoan phi tin hnh khng |c c nhng lc ngng lu qu
thi gian bt u ng cng ca hn hp b tng.
Cn phi bo m b tng c cht l|ng tt sut ton b chiu su ca l khoan,
trong c c u cc.
Trong qu trnh b tng c khoan nhi cn phi ghi nht k theo mu trnh by ph
lc 16.
C 50m3 hn hp b tng hoc khi thay i thnh phn ca b tng, cn ly 3 mu
kim tra.
Cn phi tin hnh sn xut v bo d|ng cc mu b tng kim tra trong cc iu kin
ging nh| cc iu kin khi v ng cng b tng cc.
kim tra tnh lin tc ca b tng trong thn cc nhi thi cng bng ph|ng php
b tng d|i n|c hoc d|i dung dch st th c 100 cc chn 1 cc (nh|ng khng t
hn 2 cc cho mi cng trnh), sau khi b tng t trn 70% c|ng thit k, khoan
ly li |ng knh 75 n 100mm trn sut chiu di thn cc.
Khi m rng chn cc bng ph|ng php n om dng thuc n (BB) c tc dng p
vn hoc ph v.
to thnh chn m rng bng m om ca cc nhi, xc nh l|ng thuc n BB theo
cng thc:
(13)
C = kn.D3
C - Trng l|ng khi thuc n BB, tnh bng KG;
kn - H s chng n ca t ly bng 1,2 khi t st do cng cn khi na cng th k =
1,4.
D - |ng knh ca chn m rng bng n om, tnh ra m.
Trng l|ng khi thuc n tp trung BB to thnh chn m rng trong cc cc rng thi
cng bng ph|ng php ng nn phng ly theo ch dn bng 9. Trong qu trnh thi
cng, trng l|ng khi thuc n BB cn |c xc nh chnh xc hn t kt qu m rng
bng n om cc kch th|c thit k ca cc.
Bng 9
Trng l|ng khi n BB
tnh bng KG
1
4
8
12
0,3
1,1
1,5
1,9
31
tCXD 79 : 1980
7.23.
7.24.
7.25.
7.26.
7.27.
1
1. Cc cc ng c tit din vung v ch nht, cc cc ng hnh
trn rng c |ng knh nh hn 0,5m
a. Khi b tr cc 1 hng:
32
tCXD 79 : 1980
0,2d
0,3d
0,3d
0,2d
0,2d
0,4d
5cm
3cm
Bng 11
Loi cc vn
- Cc hng cc vn g ca p, cng
- Cc hng cc vn g ca cc b quai 1 hng c thanh
chng v quai 2 hng.
- Cc vn g ca cc cng trnh khc ti mc trn cng ca cc
vn.
33
1,3 b dy cc vn
B dy ca cc vn
B dy ca cc vn
tCXD 79 : 1980
8.
8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.
300mm
100mm
Khng ln hn 300mm
150mm
150mm
34
8.6.
8.7.
8.8.
8.9.
tCXD 79 : 1980
35
tCXD 79 : 1980
8.10. lm gim lc ma st ca ging v cho php dng ph|ng php xi thu lc hoc
thu kh ng xi ra t khi h chm cc ging trong cc tr|ng hp khng c cc
cng trnh vnh cu v cng trnh giao thng trong phm vi lng th tr|t.
8.11. gim lc ma st ca ging v t khi h chm n, nn |u tin dng ph|ng php h
chm cng trnh trong o st (huyn ph) v cn phi tun theo cc quy tc sau y:
- Bo m cung cp kp thi dung dch st n khong trng quanh ging (to thnh
bi bc nh ra ca phn chn xung quanh ging chm) duy tr mc dung dch
khng thp hn 20cm so vi ming ging ao;
- o t d|i chn ging chm; ng thi khng n dung dch st v trong
ging;
- Chuyn dung dch st vo o st bng nhng ng bm t cao hn bc nh ra ca
chn ging khi h chm ging n su hn 10m. Ti c vng m bt kn
theo ph|ng ngang.
- Kim tra nghim ngt qu trnh h ging v khng cho php dn ging trn vch
t.
8.12. t st dng ch to dung dch st phi tha mn cc yu cu nu iu 6.5.
8.13. Cht l|ng dung dch st phi bo m s n nh ca vch t h o xung quanh
ging trong thi gian h chm n n cao trnh thit k v nhi y khe h ca o ging.
Cc thng s ca dung dch st phi tha mn cc yu cu nu iu 6.6.
8.14. Ti khu vc xy dng, c mi ca lm vic nn tin hnh kim tra dung dch st va ch
to bm vo t nht 1 ln. Cc mu dung dch kim tra phi |c ly my trn t st
v o st: ti b mt, ti khong gia va ti vng bc nh ra ca chn ging chm.
8.15. Khi h ging chm khng ht n|c vo trong t no n|c, mc n|c trong ging phi
|c duy tr cao khng thp hn mc n|c ngm hoc cao hn n trnh t c
th b n t cc chn ging ra.
chnh lch cc mc t cc khoang ca ging chm khng tho n|c khng nn
v|t qu 0,5m.
Trong phm vi bn n|c ca ging nn h chm ging m khng ht n|c; ng thi
nn tin hnh o v chuyn t t d|i n|c ra bng my mc.
Khng |c php h chm cc ging c thot n|c l thin:
a) Trn cc khu vc t chy:
b) Khi c cc cng trnh vnh cu v h thng giao thng trong phm vi lng th tr|t
ca t xung quanh ging;
c) Trong cc tr|ng hp dng o bc bng t xc bin trong cc t ct cha n|c.
8.16. y b tng ct thp ca ging |c h chm c thot n|c l thin cn phi |c b
tng lin tc cho mi khi, ng thi phi c nhng bin php ngn nga khng cho
xi mng trong hn hp b tng mi tri i. Cc khi chn ging phi b tng
tr|c tin.
|c php bm n|c trong cc ging c y b tng bng ph|ng php b tng
d|i n|c sau khi b tng t n c|ng thit k. Vic xy dng phn b tng ct
thp ca y trn lp b tng m d|i n|c phi |c tin hnh hon ton kh.
Trong ging dng lm phng ngm, chi ni gia y v thnh ging cn phi bo m
kht cht cn thit trnh kh nng xm nhp ca n|c ngm.
Cc ging chm hi p
36
tCXD 79 : 1980
8.20.
8.21.
8.22.
8.23.
p lc khng kh trong ging chm hi p (khi h khng dng c gii thu lc) cn phi
thng dng chy t chn ging ra, nh|ng khng |c cao hn p lc thu tnh ti
mc chn ging gi 0,2 atm.
Cc ph|ng php v trnh t o t trong ging chm hi p phi bo m lm cho n
h su u n v ngn nga s r khng kh.
Cao trnh ca mt t trong bung lm vic khi h ging khng |c cao hn cao trnh
ca vnh ai chn ging qu 60cm.
Cc ph|ng php v trnh t loi thi cc d vt cng ra khi chn ging chm hi p
phi loi tr kh nng r khng kh t trong bung ca ging ra ngoi.
Cho php kh tnh trng b treo ca ging hi p bng cch chn thi h thp t ngt
p lc trong bung kt-xng nh|ng khng qu 50% (h chm c|ng bc).
Tr|c khi h mnh, cm khng |c ly t d|i vnh ai su qu 0,5m, ng thi khi
h mnh cng cm c ng|i trong bung kt-xng.
Vic ngp bung kt-xng trong tr|ng hp bt buc phi ngng thi cng phi tin
hnh bng cch h thp t t p lc kh. Vic p thot n|c ra khi bung kt-xng phi
thc hin d|i p lc khng v|t qu p lc thit k.
Cc bung kt-xng phi |c lp y bng vt liu do thit k quy nh cng vi vic
ln cht vt liu d|i trn kt-xng. Cc l hng cn li cn phi |c nht y va xi
mng ct bng cch bm n qua cc ng d|i p lc khng nh hn 1atm.
Vic h trn kt-xng trc tip ln t ch |c php lm theo gii php ca c quan
thit k.
Nghim thu cng vic
8.24. Trong qu trnh xy dng v h ging chm v h ging chm ging hi p cn nghim
thu:
a) Cc trc chnh ca cng trnh |c nh v trn thc a bng nhng mc o c;
b) Cc o nh nhn to, cc sn bi v nn tm thi d|i chn ging chm;
c) Cc ct thp, cc b phn v chi tit chn ngm;
d) Cc ch ni, cc khe gia cc b phn kt cu lp ghp;
37
tCXD 79 : 1980
Tr s sai lch
Ph lc 1
Tn c quan xy dng: ...
Cng trnh: .
Nht k v cng tc m nn h mng
1. Cao trnh y h mng (tuyt i hoc t|ng i) . m
2. Tn t: ...
3. m ca t: %
4. su thit k m nn: mt
5. L|ng n|c t|i trn 1m2 y h mng m3
6. Kch th|c ba m .. mt; trng l|ng tn
7. cao nng ba m
Kt qu m nn
38
N0
ca kp
h mng
tCXD 79 : 1980
S ln p
theo mt vt
su thc t
ca m nn (m)
Ng|i thc
hin (h tn)
Ghi ch
Ph lc 2
Tn c quan xy dng: ..
Cng trnh:
Nht k v cng tc ln cht bng cc t
1. su thit k ln cht . m
2. Tn t: ... ..
3. m ca t nguyn trng %
4. Thit b xuyn l khoan: mt
5. Trng l|ng ca dng c p .. . .
a) xuyn l khoan: tn
b) m nn t vo l khoan: .. tn
6. c tr|ng ca t lp: ..
a) Tn t: .
b) m tt nht: .. %
7. Trng l|ng tnh ton ca t cho mi cc . tn.
Xuyn l khoan
N0
cc
t
Nht l khoan
thi
|ng Ngy
Ngy
gian xuyn knh
thng/ca
thng/
xuyn, su,
kp
ca kp
(m)
(pht)
(m)
39
Th
tch
1
sut
t
lp,
(m3)
S
l|ng
sut
t
lp
m
thc
t
ca
t
lp
S
l|ng Ng|i
thc
nht
p
hin
trn 1 (h,
sut
tn)
t
Chi
ch
tCXD 79 : 1980
5
10
11
12
Ph lc 3
Tn c quan xy dng:
Cng trnh: ..
Nht k v cng tc ca trm bm
1.
2.
3.
4.
Tn gi, N0 ...
Trang thit b ca trm (s l|ng my bm, loi my, ng c, cao trnh ca trc thuc t
my N0..).
Thit b thu n|c (h, thu n|c, b tch n|c, ging khoan, nhm ng lc chm kim, s
l|ng ca chng vv)
Thit b tho n|c (ng dn c p, |ng tho n|c t chy kn v h vv.)
Ngy
thng/ca
kp
Thi
gian
S
khi
ca
ng,
my
bm dng
hay
v
ng kim
c N0 tra
my
Vn hnh ca t my
Ch s ca dng c
p
k,
atm
Chn
khng
k
Ampe Von
mm
k, A
k
ct
Vol
thu
ngn
40
Cc Gia
ch
o
dn nh
Thi Khi Nguyn thao
n
nhn
gian l|ng
tc
(h
lm chuyn dng
khi
tn
my
i
vic
s
ng|
lin m3/gi
dng
i
tc
thc
hin
)
(k
tn)
8
10
11
12
tCXD 79 : 1980
Phu lc 4
Tn c quan xy dng:
Cng trnh: ..
Nht k v quan trc a thu vn
Ngy
Thi tit
thng/ca
(m|a
kp (gi) nhit
khng
kh)
N0 ca
cc
ging
cc ng
o p
cao
tuyt i
su
cch
|ng
chun
cao
tuyt i
su
cch
|ng
chun
Mc n|c tnh,m
41
Mc n|c ng,m
Cao
trnh
ca mc
n|c ly
mu
phn
tch ho
hc
H tn
ng|i
thc
hin, k
tn
tCXD 79 : 1980
42
Ph lc 5
tCXD 79 : 1980
T
trng
G/cm3
10
Ph lc 6
th
tch
(lt)
11
12
13
Nhit Thi Bt
Kt
gian u
thc
gi
dung to
gi
dch gen (pht
(pht)
)
() (pht)
43
Tn c quan xy dng:
Cng trnh: ..
Ngy
N0 l
thng/c
khoan
a kp
Aci hoc
CaCl2
Silict hay
su
nha
Ngy
N
ca
ng
ng thng/ca
th
T trng
kp
bm bm
tch
3
G/cm
ca kp
(lt)
ng cc ng bm
Tn c quan xy dng:
Cng trnh: .
14
Thi
gian
(pht)
15
Th
tch
dung
dch
(lt)
16
17
18
19
Ng|
L|ng p
i chu
tiu hao lc
trch Ghi
dung bm
nhi ch
dch (atm
m
)
(l/pht)
chnh
Bm dung dch
Ngy/
ca kp Gi
N0 l
Pht khoan
Thi gian xi
mng ha
Vng
pht xi
mng
su ca
vng
|ng
knh ca
ging
khoan
trong
vng
pht xi
mng
Gi l khoan d|i p lc
44
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
st
ca
ht
Ng|i
L|ng
va
n|
p lc
thc Gh
L|n
p
lc
L|ng
S
o
dung
theo
c
Thi
ton
hin
g
tiu
ton
xi
mng
dch
ca
p
i
trng
n
gian, gi
phn
(h
tn
hao
phn
m
tiu
hao
k
tiu
ch
l|ng
pht
v
ct
k tn)
ct n|c (l)
(kg)
hao
(N/X) (atm) n|c
(l/p
(lt)
ht
m2)
tCXD 79 : 1980
Ph lc 7
N0 l
khoan
B phn thu
Bnh cha
L khoan kh hoc thit
kh
b bm
Ph lc 8
L khoan
8
im kim
tra khi t
Nhit 0C
N0 on thi
cng
Ngy
thng/ca
kp
(gi pht)
(gi pht
3
Kt thc
Bt u
45
Th tch t
o trong ca
(m3)
(m)
u ca
(m)
Cui ca
Sau 1 gi
su on thi cng
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh:
Nht k cng tc khi xy dng cng trnh bng ph|ng php T|ng trong t
1. Thit b o t:
2. su thit k ca |ng ho:
Ngy
thng/ca Gi o
kp
S c ca p k, atm
(h tn)
(m)
8
thc hin
Ng|i
11
Ng|i thc
hin (h,tn)
k t
Chiu cao
ca lp
10
Ton b t
lc bt u
ci to bng
nhit
tCXD 79 : 1980
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh: ....
10
ch
Ghi
12
ch
Ghi
Ph lc 9
tCXD 79 : 1980
Ni ly
mu va
th
Ngy/ ca
kp
T trng
(G/m3)
5
(%)
(9)
4
Kt ta
nht
46
Ph lc 10
(%)
(G/cm3)
6
Hm
l|ng ct
n
nh
mt
n|c
(cm3)
mm
Chiu dy
lp v st
Nht k cng tc khi xy dng cng trnh bng ph|ng php T|ng trong t
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh:
10
ng sut
ct tnh
(Kg/cm2)
11
k tn
Ng|i
thc hin
(h tn)
12
Ghi
ch
tCXD 79 : 1980
S l|ng b
tng trong
on (m3)
4
S l|ng b
tng trong
on (do kt
qu tng (m3)
Ph lc 11
C|ng
b tng trung
bnh (m3/gi)
6
l|u ng
thc t ca b
tng (cm)
47
Nht k ng cc
(T N0 .. n N0 )
Bt u .. kt thc ..
1. H thng my ng cc:
2. Loi ba:
Tn c quan xy dng:
Cng trnh: ..
N0 on thi
cng
Ngy
thng/ca kp
Tn c quan xy dng:
Cng trnh:
ngp su
ca ng trong
b tng (m)
k tn
Ng|i thc
hin (h tn)
Ghi ch
N0 ln o
48
S ln p trong ln o
4
chi ca mt nht
p (cm)
su h cc trong ln
o (cm)
tCXD 79 : 1980
Ghi ch
tCXD 79 : 1980
N0 theo mt
bng bi
cc
N0 th t
K tn
Loi cc
Ngy/ca
Theo thit
k
49
Thc t
su ng cc cm
Tng s
nht p
Loi ba
Bng bo co tng hp ng cc
(T N0 .. n N0 )
Bt u .. kt thc ..
Ph lc 12
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh: ...
Khi ng
10
Khi ng
li kim
tra
chi ca 1 nht p,
cm
11
Ghi ch
Ph lc 13
tCXD 79 : 1980
Ngy/ca
kp
4
Thc t
6
Thc t
50
Ph lc 14
Theo thit k
u d|i ca cc vn
trn cng ca cc vn
Theo thit k
cao tuyt i
Tn c quan xy dng: .
N0 N0 cc vn
th theo mt
t
bng
Kch th|c ct
ngn hoc ni
di cc vn (m)
su h cc
vn (t mt ct
thit k)
10
Ng|i thc
hin (h tn)
k tn
11
Ghi ch
Nht k h cc vn
(T N0 .. n N0 )
Bt u .. kt thc
1. H thng my ng (cn trc): .. 5. Vt liu v loi cc vn: .
2. Loi ba (my rung): . 6. Chiu di cc vn: ..
3. Trng l|ng phn p ca ba .. 7. cao tuyt i mt t .
4. Loi v trng l|ng m cc .. 8. cao tuyt i ca mc n|c ngm
Tn c quan xy dng: ..
Cng trnh: .
tCXD 79 : 1980
N0 ln
Thi gian
ln
Thi gian
ngh sau
51
cao tuyt i mt
trn ca t trong cc
ng
Cng trnh:
o (pht)
ca ln
trong ln
o (cm)
5
mt ln
o (gi)
6
Lc kch
ng
(tn)
Ph lc 15
C|ng
dng in (A)
8
in th
dng in
(Vol)
tCXD 79 : 1980
Bin
dao ng
(mm)
10
tr|c khi
o b
S
th
t
Ngy
th\ng h
cc
N0 theo
mt
bng
B dy
thnh
cc
(mm)
|ng
knh
ngoi
Chiu
di (m)
Theo
thit k
52
Thc t
su h chm
(m)
Loi
my
rung h
cc
11
Sau khi
o b
Lc
kch
ng
Cng
sut yu
cu,
Tc
ln chm
(m/pht)
cao
ca li
t
(T N0 .. n N0 )
Bt u .. kt thc
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh:
Ngy/ca
Ghi
ch
12
Ghi ch
Ph lc 16
10
ca my
rung
tn
tCXD 79 : 1980
11
(KW)
su
cao
Khoan thn cc
53
Th
cm
b tng bng
ph|ng php ng
ng di chuyn
Tr|c Sau
Mc b tng
trong ng
(T N0 .. n N0 )
Bt u .. kt thc
1. Loi my khoan ..
2. Loi dung c m rng
3. Loi thuc n .
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh:
12
13
trong
cc ng
(m)
14
10
Mc
b
tng
v
st
hnh
nn
11
tch b
tng
vo cc
(gm c
phn
m
rng
m3)
12
13
14
54
Ph lc 17
15
khi n khi
su ti
n
thiu
du d|i Trn
g
ca ng
l|n
b tng
g
vo b
khi
tng, (m)
thu
c n
(kg)
tCXD 79 : 1980
Ch thch: Trong ct 19 nht thit phi ni r ph|ng php gia c l khoan (bng va st hay ng chn)
tuyt i
ca y
h khoan Khoan Tn t Chiu
di
y h
m
khung
rng (s khoan
ct thp
vng v
(m)
|ng
knh)
(m)
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh:
Ngy |n
N0
g cao
cc thng
theo ca kp knh tuy
t
l
mt
khoa i
bng
n (m) ca
m
t
t
(m)
16
Tng
s b
tng
|c
s
dng
(m3)
17
18
19
Ng| Ghi
ch
i
cao
tuyt thc
i hin
k
ca
u tn
cc
Ph|ng
php
o t
Ng
y/ca
Tn
t
|c
o
4
Th tch
t
o (m3)
ln
chm ca
ging trong
ca (m)
6
1
7
55
K hiu cc im
9
10
Trong
ging
11
Ngoi
ging
cao mc n|c
Bt u h
Kt thc h ...
3. cao ca chn ging
Lc bt u h ..
Lc kt thc h .
Theo thit k
4. Vt liu ca kt cu:
Ging
Chn ging ..
5. Trang thit b:
a) Cn trc: Kiu . sc nng tn
b) My xc: Kiu . th tch . m3
c) ng ht thu lc (tu ht bn)
tCXD 79 : 1980
12
Ng|i thc
hin (k
tn)
13
Ghi ch
Ph lc 18
tCXD 79 : 1980
56
Tn c quan xy dng: .
Cng trnh:
Ph|n
g php
o
t
Ngy
/ca
Tn
t
o
4
p lc khng
kh trong
ging chm
hi p tr|c
khi nh
chm (atm)
p lc
khng kh
trong ging
chm hi p
khi nh
chm (atm)
6
Tr s
ln chm
(m)
7
57
Th
tch t
o,
(m3)
8
1
9
2
10
3
11
tCXD 79 : 1980
12
Ng|i thc
hin
13
Ghi ch