SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

MC LC
PHN 1: ....................................................................................................................... 4
TNG QUAN............................................................................................................... 4
1

Gii thiu: ............................................................................................................. 4

1.1

Khi nim v kh thin nhin: ......................................................................... 4

1.2

Phn loi v thnh phn kh thin nhin : ....................................................... 4

1.2.1

Phn loi theo mc cha kh Acid : .................................................... 4

1.2.2

Phn loi theo hm lng C3+ : ................................................................ 4

1.2.3

Phn loi theo hm lng C2+ : ................................................................ 5

1.3
2

ng dng : ...................................................................................................... 5

Chng ct hn hp kh thin nhin : .................................................................... 5

2.1

Loi thp chng ct : ....................................................................................... 5

2.2

S qui trnh cng ngh (nh km): ........................................................... 7

PHN 2 : ...................................................................................................................... 8
CN BNG VT CHT ............................................................................................ 8
1

Cn bng vt cht ................................................................................................. 8

1.1

Cc s liu ban u: ........................................................................................ 8

1.2

Cc k hiu : ................................................................................................... 8

1.3

Cn bng vt cht xc nh thnh phn cc cu t : ....................................... 8

Chun b d kin v cc gi thit: ...................................................................... 10

2.1

Chn cu t kha : ........................................................................................ 10

2.2

Gi thit s phn b sn phm nh v y : ................................................ 10

2.3

Tnh bay hi tng i : .......................................................................... 11

Xc nh Nmin theo cng thc Fenske : .............................................................. 13

Xc nh t s hi lu ti thiu Rmin theo phng php n gin ha Gilliland:14

Xc nh s bc l thuyt N tng ng vi R hp l :....................................... 16

PHN 3: .................................................................................................................... 17

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

CN BNG NNG LNG.................................................................................... 17

Cn bng nhit lng ca thp chng ct .......................................................... 17

Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t: ................................................. 18

2.

CHNG 4: ............................................................................................................... 19
TNH TON THNG S THIT B CHNH .......................................................... 19
1

Tnh s b ng knh mm : ............................................................................ 19

1.1

Din tch mm : ............................................................................................. 19

1.2

Tnh ng knh thp : .................................................................................. 21

Sp t s b mt a:......................................................................................... 22
2.1

S ng i ca lng trn mm: ................................................................... 22

2.2

Khong cch gia cc mm : ........................................................................ 22

2.3

Cc kch thc khc : .................................................................................... 22

2.4

Bc l : ........................................................................................................ 23

2.5

Sp xp knh chy chuyn : .......................................................................... 23

2.6

Chiu di ngng chy trn v chiu rng knh chy truyn : .................... 23

Tng kt sp xp mt a : .................................................................................. 24
3.1

Kim tra sc a : .......................................................................................... 25

3.2

Kim tra kh nng tc nghn knh chy truyn lng : ......................................... 26

Kim tra thy lc ................................................................................................ 27

4.1

Ch lm vic trn mm : .................................................................................. 27

4.2

Xc nh lng lng cun theo hi : ............................................................ 28

4.3

Thi gian lu ca lng trong knh chy truyn : .......................................... 28

4.4

Tr lc ca mm : ......................................................................................... 29

4.5

Kim tra chiu cao mc cht lng trong knh chy truyn : ........................ 29

Kim tra khong lm vic ca mm : ................................................................. 31

5.1

Cc thng s tnh ton cn thit cho kim tra khong lm vic ca mm : .. 31

5.2

Kim tra r r lng qua l :............................................................................ 32

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

5.3

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Kim tra mc kn ca knh chy truyn : ................................................ 33

Hiu sut thp : ................................................................................................... 33

Chiu cao thp : .................................................................................................. 34

Tnh ton c kh cho thp: .................................................................................. 34

8.1

B dy thn thp : ......................................................................................... 34

8.2

B dy y v np thit b : ........................................................................... 36

8.3

ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn: ..................................... 37

8.3.1

V tr nhp liu : ..................................................................................... 38

8.3.2

ng hi nh thp: .............................................................................. 38

8.3.3

ng hon lu: ......................................................................................... 39

8.3.4

ng dn hi vo y thp: ..................................................................... 39

8.3.5

ng dn cht lng y thp: ............................................................... 40

8.3.6

ng dn cht lng t ni un (sn phm y): ...................................... 40

8.4

Tai treo v chn : ...................................................................................... 41

8.4.1

Tnh trng lng ca ton thp: ............................................................. 41

8.4.2

Chn thp: ......................................................................................... 41

CHNG 5: ............................................................................................................... 43
TNH TON THIT B PH .................................................................................... 43
1

Thit b un si y thp : .................................................................................. 43

Thit b ngng t sn phm nh: ....................................................................... 45

2.1

Xc nh h s truyn nhit : ........................................................................ 46

2.2

Xc nh b mt truyn nhit v cu to thit b : ........................................ 49

LI KT ..................................................................................................................... 50
TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................. 51

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

PHN 1:

TNG QUAN
1

Gii thiu:
1.1 Khi nim v kh thin nhin:
Kh thin nhin l mt hn hp cht kh chy c, bao gm phn ln l
cc hydrocarbon (hp cht ha hc cha cacbon v hyr). Cng vi than , du
m v cc kh khc v l nhin liu ha thch. Kh thin nhin c to ra t sinh vt
ph du, cc vi sinh vt sng di nc bao gm to v ng vt nguyn sinh. Khi cc
vi sinh vt ny cht i v tch t trn y i dng, chng dn b chn i v xc ca
chng c nn di cc lp trm tch. Tri qua hng triu nm, p sut v nhit do
cc lp trm tch chng ln nhau to nn trn xc cc loi sinh vt ny chuyn ha
ha hc cc cht hu c ny thnh kh thin nhin.
Kh

thin

nhin

th

cha

85% metan (CH4)

khong

10% etan (C2H6),

v
cng
c
cha
s
lng
nh
hn propan (C3H8), butan(C4H10), pentan (C5H12), v cc alkan khc. Kh thin nhin,
thng tm thy cng vi cc m du trong v Tri t, c khai thc v tinh lc
thnh nhin liu cung cp cho khong 25% ngun cung nng lng th gii.

1.2 Phn loi v thnh phn kh thin nhin :

1.2.1 Phn loi theo mc cha kh Acid :

-

Kh chua : l kh c cha hm lng H2S > 1% th tch v hm lng kh

CO2 > 2% th tch.
Kh ngt : l kh c cha hm lng H2S < 1% th tch v hm lng kh
CO2 <2% th tch.

1.2.2 Phn loi theo hm lng C3+ :

-

Kh bo : l kh c hm lng C3+ > 150 g/cm3 c th sn xut ra kh ha

lng CNG, kh du m v mt s hydrocacbon ring bit cho cng ngh
ha du.

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

-

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Kh gy : l kh c hm lng C3+ < 150g/cm3 dng lm nhin liu cho cc

ngnh cng nghip.

1.2.3 Phn loi theo hm lng C2+ :

-

Kh kh : l kh c hm lng C2+ < 10% th tch.

Kh m : l kh c hm lng C2 > 10% th tch.

1.3 ng dng :
Kh thin nhin c s dng lm nhin liu v nguyn liu u vo cho
ngnh ch bin ha cht. L mt nhin liu gia dng, n c t trong cc bp ga,
l ga nu nng, sy kh. L mt nhin liu cng nghip, kh thin nhin c t
trong cc l gch, gm v l cao sn xut xi mng. Kh thin nhin cn c s dng
t cc l t cc tua-binnhit in pht in cng nh cc l nu thy tinh, l
luyn kim loi v ch bin thc phm.
Kh thin nhin c s dng lm nguyn liu u vo cho ngnh ha du
to ra cc cht ha du. Cc cht ha du ny c s dng lm sn phm c s cho
vic sn xutphn m, bt git, dc phm, cht do v nhiu loi hng ha khc.

Chng ct hn hp kh thin nhin :

Khi cc kh t nhin dng lng c tch ra khi dng kh t nhin, chng
phi c b gy thnh cc hp phn c bn c ch. Ngha l dng ho ln ca cc
NGL khc nhau phi c tch ri nhau. Qu trnh c s dng thc hin nhim
v ny c gi l chng phn on.
Chng phn on hot ng da trn s chnh lch nhit si ca cc
hydrocacbon khc nhau trong dng NGL. Ni mt cch khc, chng phn on din
ra theo cc giai on bao gm qu trnh un si tng hydrocacbon. Tn ca mt thit
b chng phn on nht nh cho bit mc ch s dng ca thit b , v n thng
c t tn theo cc hydrocacbon m n un si. Ton b qu trnh chng ct c
chia ra thnh nhiu bc, bt u vi vic tch cc NGL nh hn ra khi dng kh.
Cc thit b chng ct phn on c s dng nh : thit b deEtanizer, thit b
depropanizer, thit b debutanizer.
2.1 Loi thp chng ct :
Trong sn xut thng dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh chng
ct. Tuy nhin yu cu c bn chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau ngha l din

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

tch b mt tip xc pha phi ln, iu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca mt

lu cht ny vo lu cht kia. Nu pha kh phn tn vo pha lng ta c cc loi thp
mm, nu pha lng phn tn vo pha kh ta c thp chm, thp phun, y ta
kho st 2 loi thng dng l thp mm v thp chm.
Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu
to khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha hi c cho tip xc vi nhau. Nhng
trng hp thp mm thng c s dng:
o Lu lng dng lng/hi khng n nh
o Yu cu ng knh ln, lu lng dng hi ln
o Thi gian lu ca lng trn mm ln
o Dng qu trnh bn
o iu kin nhit v p sut cao
Ty theo cu to ca a, ta c:
o

Thp mm chp: trn mm b tr c chp dng trn

Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm c nhiu l hay rnh

Thp mm van: trn mm c gn cc van c nh hay t do

Bng so snh s b gia cc loi mm

Loi mm

Chi ph
tng i

Tn tht p
sut

Hiu
sut

Nng sut
hi

Khong hot
ng tng i

Th
trng

Xuyn l

1,0

Thp

Thp

Cao

2,0

25%

Van

1,2

Trung bnh

Cao

Cao

4,0

70%

Chp

2,0

Cao

Cao

Thp

5,0

5%

Thp chm (thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu bc ni vi nhau bng mt
bch hay hn. m c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu
nhin hay xp th t. Thp m thng c dng trong cc trng hp:
o

ng knh thp nh (t hn 0,6 m)

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Qu trnh i hi vt liu chng n mn cao

i hi tn tht p sut trong thp thp ( iu kin chn khng)

Dng lng d to bt

Cc vt liu nhy cm vi nhit

Nhn chung, hin nay thp mm van l loi thp chng ct c ng dng
rng ri nht do nhng u im ca n gii quyt c nhng khuyt im ca
cc loi thp mm khc. Trong n ny, ta s dng mm van t do cho qu trnh
phn tch.
2.2 S qui trnh cng ngh (nh km):
Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh :
Hn hp kh thin nhin sau khi qua cc qu trnh tch lng kh u vo, lm
sch cc tp cht c hc, lm sch CO2 v loi H2O c c qua my nn nn
ln p sut 21 bar v nhit v sau c dn vo thp Demethanizer vi p sut
l tch loi hon ton metan. Dng sn phm nh ca thp Demethanizer cha
ch yu l metan c tip tc a qua cc cng on x l ri a vo cc ng
ng vn chuyn n cc h tiu th kh (in,m,.)
Dng lng i ra t thp Demethanizer tip tc c a vo thp tch
Deethanizer tch ring Etan v cc sn phm nng hn. Hi i ra t nh thp
c ngng t mt phn v c hi lu hon ton tr li nh thp iu chnh
tinh khuyt ca sn phm nh., v phn cn li l sn phm Etan.
Dng lng i ra t thp Deethanizer cha ch yu cc Hydrocacbon C3+
(LPG v Condensate) tip tc c a vo Depropanizer tch ring LPG v
Condensate . Sn phm hi LPG ra khi nh thp Debutanizer c lm lnh v
ngng t hon ton v mt phn c hi lu li nh thp kim sot C 5+ trong
sn phm nh thp theo yu cu, phn cn li chnh l sn phm LPG. Dng
Condensate i ra t y thp Debutanizer c x l tip tuc v sau c vo
bn cha nh l sn phm condensate thng phm bn cho khch hng .
Thnh phn ca dng kh nguyn liu qua x l loi b nc v acid ca
m Bch H (09).Trong n ny, do hm lng C5+ trong m kh qu t nn ta s
khng xt n trong thnh phn cu t.
Cu t

C1

C2

C3

n-C4

Thnh phn (% mol)

79,29

13,69

5,98

1,04

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

PHN 2 :

CN BNG VT CHT
1

Cn bng vt cht
1.1 Cc s liu ban u:
THNH PHN NGUN NHP LIU VO THP DEMETANIZER
Thnh phn

Khi lng phn t

T l mol

Metan (C1)

16

0,7929

Etan(C2)

30

0,1369

Propan(C3)

44

0,0598

Butan(C4)

58

0,0104

Lu lng kh thin nhin : 32000 Nm3/h

Hm lng C2 trong sn phm lng : 1% (kl)
Hm lng C3+ trong sn phm kh : 2% (kl)
1.2 Cc k hiu :
F : lng nhp liu ban u, kmol/h
D : lng sn phm nh, kmol/h
W : lng sn phm y, kmol/h
xF :nng trong nhp liu
xD : nng trong sn phm nh
xW : nng trong sn phm y
1.3 Cn bng vt cht xc nh thnh phn cc cu t :
Mhh =

xiMi = 20,0278 (kg/kmol)

Khi lng ring hn hp kh :

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

hh =

GVHD: T ng Khoa

M hh .P.To 20, 0278.22.273

17,57 (kg/m3)
22, 4.Po .T
22, 4.1.303

Lu lng nhp liu vo thp Demetanizer :

m= hh . V = 20,0278 . 32000 = 562240 (kg/h) = 28072 (kmol/h)
- Vi sn phm nh v y ta gi s t l phn mol l khng i so vi nhp liu
Thp Demetanizer :
o

Vi y ta c : C1W = 0,01

Vi nh ta c : C1D = 0,95

C2 D 0,1369.30
C2W 0,1369.30
C 0, 0598.44
C 0, 0598.44
3D
C2 D 0, 028
3W
C2W 0,554
C3 D 0, 0598.44

C
0,
0598.44

C3 D 0, 018
3W

C3W 0,355

C
0,
0104.58
4D
C 0, 004
C4W 0, 0104.58
C 0, 081
C2 D C3 D C4 D 0, 05 4 D
4W

C2W C3W C4W 0,99

o Nng sn phm y yu cu :
0,554 0,355 0, 081

30
44
58
XW
0,978
0,554 0,355 0, 081 0, 01

30
44
58
16
o Nng sn phm nh yu cu
0, 028 0, 018 0, 004

30
44
58
XD
0, 023
0, 028 0, 018 0, 004 0,95

30
44
58
16

o Tin hnh cn bng vt cht ta c :

F D W
D W 28072
D 22661(kmol / h)

D.0, 023 W .0,978 F .0, 2071 W 5411(kmol / h)

xF .F D.xD W .xW
- Dng sn phm y ca thp Demetanizer chnh l dng nhp liu cho thp
Deethanizer.
Thp Deethanizer :
o

Vi y ta c : C1W = 0, C2W = 0,01

Vi nh ta c :

C1D 0,01

C1D 0,0173

C2 D 0,554
C C 0,98 C2 D 0,9627
1D 2 D

C3W 0,355

C3W 0,806

4W 0,081
C C 0,99 C4W 0,184
4W
3W

C3 D 0,355

C3D 0,0163

C
0,081

4D

C C 0,02 C4 D 0,037
3D 4 D
9

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

o Nng sn phm y yu cu :

0,806 0,184

44
58
XW
0,9847
0,806 0,184 0, 01

44
58
30
o Nng sn phm nh yu cu
0, 0163 0, 0037

44
58
XD
0, 0129
0, 0163 0, 0037 0,9627

44
58
30

o Tin hnh cn bng vt cht ta c :

F D W
D W 5411
D 3640(kmol / h)

D.0, 0129 W .0,9847 F .0, 436 W 1771(kmol / h)

xF .F D.xD W .xW
- Ta c bng tng kt dng sn phm nh v sn phm y thp Deethanizer:
Nhp liu
Thnh phn

T l
khi
lng

Sn phm nh
T l

T l
mol

khi
lng

T l

Sn phm y
T l

mol

khi
lng

T l
mol

Metan (C1)

0,01

0,022

0,0173

0,032

Etan(C2)

0,554

0,646

0,9627

0,955

0,01

0,015

Propan(C3)

0,355

0,282

0,0163

0,011

0,806

0,84

Butan (n-C4)

0,081

0,05

0,0037

0,002

0,184

0,145

Chun b d kin v cc gi thit:

2.1 Chn cu t kha :
Etan ( C 2 ) l cu t kha nh : j nh
Propan (C3) l cu t kha nng : j nng
2.2 Gi thit s phn b sn phm nh v y :

10

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Nhp liu

Sn phm nh

Sn phm y

Thnh phn
Kmol/h

T l mol

Kmol/h

T l mol

Kmol/h

T l mol

Metan (C1)

119,042

0,022

116,48

0,032

Etan(C2)

3495,506

0,646

3476,2

0,955

26,565

0,015

Propan(C3)

1525,902

0,282

40,04

0,011

1487,64

0,84

Butan (n-C4)

270,55

0,05

7,28

0,002

256,795

0,145

Tng

5411

3640

1771

2.3 Tnh bay hi tng i :

Ta cn tnh bay hi tng i ca cc cu t trong hn hp tng ng vi
3 v tr ca thp chng : nh thp (iD) , y thp (iw) v nhp liu (iF)
T ta tnh ra bay hi tng i trung bnh : i=
o nh thp : Chn p sut Pnh = 1910 KPa v nhit gi thuyt : tgt = -8oC
Ta gi thit nhit ri tra h s cn bng pha K theo hnh 2.1 (p.150,[1]), sau
tnh ton li ta c bng sau :
tgt = -8oC

Thnh phn
Yi= xiD

Ki

Xi = yi/Ki

iD=Ki/Kj

Metan (C1)

0,032

4,8707

0,0066

15,1405

Etan(C2)

0,955

1,0236

0,9330

3,1818

Propan(C3)

0,011

0,3217

0,0342

1,0000

Butan (n-C4)

0,002

0,074

0,0270

0,2300

Tng

1,008

11

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

o y thp : Chn p sut Pnh = 1910 KPa v nhit gi thuyt : tgt = 59,67oC
Ta gi thit nhit ri tra h s cn bng pha K theo hnh 2.1 (p.150,[1]), sau
tnh ton li ta c bng sau :
tgt = 59,67oC

Thnh phn
Yi= xiW

Ki

Xi = yi/Ki

iD=Ki/Kj

Metan (C1)

Etan(C2)

0,015

2,378

0,0063

2,2287

Propan(C3)

0,84

1,067

0,7873

1,0000

Butan (n-C4)

0,145

0,705

0,2057

0,6607

Tng

0,9992

o Nhp liu: Nhit nhp liu vo thp : tnl = 21oC v Pnl = 1910KPa (theo kt qu
m phng t phn mm Aspen Hysys 2006)
- Gi thuyt phn trm bay hi : L +V =1 vi ( L,V : ln lt l lng pha hi
lng cn lm bc hi)
- Nu ta gi Zi l nng ban u ca cu t i trong hn hp, xi v yi l nng
ca cu t i pha lng v pha hi khi cn bng, th:

Zi xi .L yi .V xi .(1 V ) yi .V xi .[1 V (Ki 1)]

xi

(p.27,[2])

Zi
1 V (K i 1)

- Tnh ton kim tra li, ta c bng sau :

Thnh phn

Ki

Zi

V=0,7859
xi

iF=

Ki
Kj

Metan (C1)

0,022

6,581

0,0041

11,0829

Etan(C2)

0,646

1,613

0,4360

2,7164

Propan(C3)

0,282

0,5938

0,4142

1,0000

Butan (n-C4)

0,05

0,1672

0,1447

0,6607

Tng

0.999

12

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Vy ta c bng bay hi tng i trung bnh ca cc cu t:

Thnh phn

iD

iW

iF

Metan (C1)

15,1405

0,0000

11,0829

0,0000

Etan(C2)

3,1818

2,2287

2,7164

2,6807

Propan(C3)

1,0000

1,0000

1,0000

1,0000

Butan (n-C4)

0,2300

0,6607

0,6607

0,4648

Xc nh Nmin theo cng thc Fenske :

- S bc bin i nng ti thiu Nmin tng ng vi trng hp hi lu
ton phn i vi h hai cu t , i lng Nmin c th xc nh d dng bng th,
Ni chung, trong mi trng hp u c th s dng cng thc Fenske xc nh
s bc bin i nng ti thiu Nmin, Trong n ny, ta xem xt dng cng thc
Fenske cho h nhiu cu t :

lg(
N min

xiD x jW
.
)
x jD xiW

(p.35,[2])

log( i )

- Ta s dng cng thc Fenske xc nh Nmin v kim tra gi thit phn b

nng cu t nh thp v y thp
Gi a (mol) l s mol ca Propan (C3) trong sn phm nh thp th ta s c bng :
Thnh phn

Nhp liu
(mol)

Sn phm nh
(mol)

Sn phm y
(mol)

Metan (C1)

119,042

116,48

Etan(C2)

3495,506

3476,2

26,565

Propan(C3)

1525,902

1525,902-a

Butan (n-C4)

270,55

7,28

256,795

Tng

5411

- Vit cng thc Fenske cho 2 cu t kha Etan (C2) v Propan (C3) dng sau:

220.602 92.6 a
lg
.

a
1.638

N min
lg1.908
13

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Khi lng mol trung bnh sn phm nh : Mhhnh =

xiMi = 29,762 (kg/kmol)

Khi lng ca sn phm nh : mnh = 29,762 . 3640 = 10833,68 (kg/h)

Ta c : mC3 = n*MC3 0.0163*10833.68 =a*44

a = 40,02

Thay a = 40,02 vo cng thc => Nmin = 8,62

T ta s c bng phn b lu lng v nng li nh sau:
Nhp liu

Sn phm nh

Sn phm y

Thnh phn
Kmol/h

T l mol

Kmol/h

T l mol

Kmol/h

T l mol

Metan (C1)

119,042

0,022

116,48

0,032

Etan(C2)

3495,506

0,646

3476,2

0,955

26,565

0,015

Propan(C3)

1525,902

0,282

40,02

0,011

1485,882

0,84

Butan (n-C4)

270,55

0,05

7,28

0,002

256,795

0,145

Tng

5411

3639,98

1769,242

S sai khc vi gi thit phn b nng ban u khng ln lm v vn m

bo yu cu u , do s liu tnh ton nng ny c s dng tnh ton phn
sau.
Trn y xc nh Nmin cho thp chng. Ta cng c th tnh s bc bin
i nng ti thiu nmin cho on luyn v mmin cho on chng ca
thp
bng cch dng cng thc Fenske.
o on luyn :

o on chng :

xid xjF
3476, 2.1525,902
lg
.
lg

xjd xiF
40, 02.3495,506
n min

1, 69
lg id . iF
lg 3,1818.2, 7164
xiF .xjW
26,565.1525,902
lg
lg

xjF .xiW
3495,506.1485,882

m min

2, 7
lg iW . iF
lg 2, 2287.2, 7164

Xc nh t s hi lu ti thiu Rmin theo phng php n gin ha Gilliland:

Ta c cng thc Gilliland tnh t s hi lu ti thiu Rmin (p.47, [2]) :

Rmin 1 [

( j .l j )light 1

jlight 1

][(

x jD
lj

)light x jheavyD ] [
i light

ilight
iheavy
x
( xilightD lilight .x jheavyD )] [
( jlightD xiheavyD )]
ilight 1
lihight
iheavy jlight iheavy
14

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

Cu t
inh

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Nhp liu lng si

% bay hi

iNhe

Nhp liu dng hi

Tnh li
liNhe

% bay hi

Tnh li

ZiNhe
iNhe .ZiNang

liNhe

ZiNhe
iNhe .ZiNang

Z jNhe

l jNhe

Z jNhe

jnh

l jNhe

iV

liV

ZiV
Z jNang

iL

liL

Z jNhe

Z jNang

liV

100 ZiNang

jnng

inng

liNang

ZiV
iNhe .Z jNang

liL

Z jL
Z jNhe

iNhe .Z jNang

iV .Z jNhe
jNhe .Z jL

liNang

ZiNang

Z jNhe
ZiNang

Trong : Zi : nng cu t i trong hn hp ban u

i: bay hi tng i trung bnh ca cu t i so vi cu t kha nng
iV,iL: cu t trung gian nng v trung gian nh
Ta c bng :
Cc cu t

Zi

Nhp liu lng

% bay hi
l

Nhp liu hi
% bay hi
l

Metan (C1)

i nh

0,022

Etan(C2)

j nh

0,646

2,6807

Propan(C3)

j nng

0,282

1,0000

Butan (n-C4)

i nng

0,05

0,4648

12,92

12,92

0,36

2,29

0,7

0,85

T cc s liu trn ta tnh Rmin : Th vo cng thc tnh Rmin cho trng thi nhp liu
dng lng ,ta c :
Rmin 22% +1 = 1,738 v Rmin 95% +1 = 1,179
T kt qu trn ni suy ta c c : Rmin 78,59% = 1,078

15

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Xc nh s bc l thuyt N tng ng vi R hp l :
Ta c : Rhly = 1,3.Rmin +0,36 => Rhly = 1,3.1,078 0,36 1,7614
N = Nmin . 1,7 + 0,7 => N = 1,7.8,62 0,7 15,354
Gi n v m l s bc bin i nng ca on luyn v on chng, ta c :
on luyn :

n
n nmin
1, 69

n N min n 15,354.
3
N N min
N min
8, 62

on chng :

m
m mmin
2, 7

m N min n 15,354.
5
N N min
N min
8, 62

16

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

PHN 3:

CN BNG NNG LNG

1

Cn bng nhit lng ca thp chng ct

Phng trnh cn bng nng lng :

QF Qh QD Qw Qnt Qm
Nhit lng do dng nhp liu mang vo thp QF:

QF F .C F .tF 5411.21.82,89 9418873.59 kJ / h

Vi :

F 5411 kmol / h

o
t F 21 C
C 82,89 kJ / kmol.o C
F

Nhit lng ca dng hi sn phm mang ra thp (QD):

QD D.CD .tD 3639,98.64, 68.8 1883471.251kJ / h

Vi :

D 3639,98 kmol / h

o
t D -8 C
C 64, 68 kJ / kmol.o C
F

Nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra khi y thp QW :

QW W .C W .tW 1771.59,67.158,5 16749577.85 kJ / h

Vi : D 1771 kmol / h

o
t D 59,67 C
C 158,5 kJ / kmol.o C
F

Nhit lng do hi lu sn phm nh Qng :

Qng L.r D 2.D.rD 2.3639,98.3,342 24329,6 kJ / h

Nhit lng mt mt: Qm= 0,05 QC
Nhit lng do hi t mang vo thp QC :

QC mh .rhoidot
Vi : Nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ha ti p sut P = 18.85 atm
t0 = 210 C. n nhit ngng t ca hi nc bo ha : rhi t = 1900 kJ/kg

17

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Vy Nhit lng cung cp cho ni un hi p thp (QC):

QC QD QW Qm Qng QF
0,95.QC QD QW Qng QF
QC 28389471.52 kJ / h
Vy lng hi t cn thit un si dung dch y thp :

mh

2.

QC
14941kg / h
rhoidot

Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t:

Phng trnh cn bng nng lng:

Chn nhit vo, ra ca propan lm lnh t1 = -30 oC , t2 = -10 0C

ttb =

(t1 t2 ) 30 5

=-200C
2
2

Nhit dung ring ca propan nhit trung bnh Cn = 1,531 kJ/kg.K

rD = 3,432 kJ/kg
Suy ra lng propan cn tiu tn Gn1 = 9,31 kg/s

18

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

CHNG 4:

TNH TON THNG S THIT B CHNH

1

Tnh s b ng knh mm :
1.1 Din tch mm :
- Phng php thng dng tnh ton l phng php s dng phng
trnh xc nh ch sc a ch do lng b cun theo hi. Theo phng trnh
Souders Brown c th xc nh c tc sc thng qua hng s mm CSB. Trong
n ny, s s dng phng trnh Kister Hass :

.d h2 0,125 G 0,1 TS 0,5

CSB 0,114.[
] .[
] .[ ]
L
L
hcl

(p. 279, [5])

Vi :
CSB : H s sc trong phng trnh Souders Brown , ft/s
dh

ng knh l, in.

Sc cng b mt, dyne/cm.

TS

Khong cch gia cc a, in.

hcl

Chiu cao lp cht lng ch chuyn tip t ch lp bt sang ch tia

v c tnh theo cng thc

62, 2 10,5
) n
hcl hH 2O .(
L

0, 29. Af 0,791.d 0,833

h
h

H 2O 1 0, 0036.QL0,59 . Af 1,79

vi n = 0,0231

dh
Af

QL ti trng lng, ft3/s

Af phn din tch l trn phn din tch sc kh
i vi mm van, cng c th s dng cng thc trn d on im sc
mm nhng do chp nhn cc gi thuyt gn ng nn cc s liu d on c th sai
s khong 10%

19

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

tnh ton CSB chp nhn cc gi thuyt sau:

ng knh l: dh =0,5 in
Khong cch mm: TS = 24 in
Chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm: hcl = 14 in
on luyn :

CSB

0,52.4,535
0,114.

26,57

Vi :

0,25

0,1

2, 789 24
.
. 14
26,57

0,5

0, 08ft/s

luyen 4,535dyne / cm

3
L 26,57lb / ft

3
V 2, 789lb / ft

on chng :

CSB

0,52.3, 725
0,114.

27,89

0,25

0,1

2,19 24
.
.
27,89 14

0,5

0, 076ft/s

luyen 3, 725dyne / cm
'
3
Vi :
L 27,89lb / ft
'
3
V 2,19lb / ft
L G
U S , ft CSB
Cng thc tnh tc sc :

U S , ft CSB

L G
0, 233 ft / s
G

on chng : U S , ft CSB

' L 'G
0, 259 ft / s
'G

on luyn :

(p.33,[13])

Din tch sc kh thc ca thp AN : Gi thit thp thit k lm vic ti im

80% tc sc a m bo an ton cho thp.

AN

CFS
, ft 2
( SF ).(0,8).U S , ft

(p,290, [5])

Vi thp chng luyn, h s gim tc SF = 0,9 i vi on luyn v SF = 0,9

i vi on chng, ta c :

20

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

on luyn : CFS=906,5 (m3/h)= 8,74(ft3/s)

AN

8, 74
51,93 ft 2
0,9.0,8.0, 233

on chng : CFS=426,8 (m3/h)= 4,11(ft3/s)

AN

4,11
22, 02 ft 2
0,9.0,8.0, 259

tnh s b din tch chy truyn lng AD s s dng cc gi tr tc ti a

ca lng trong knh chy truyn bng 7.5 (p,45, [13]). ]), Cho thp hot ng p
sut P = 1910 Kpa theo bng trn tc ca dng lng trong knh chy truyn nm
trong khong (0,4:0,5) ft/s . Chn tc ny bng UD=0,45 ft/s. y khng cn ch
n h s gim tc v trong bng tnh n xu th to bt ca h.
Cng thc tnh din tch chy truyn ca lng AD
GPM QL 5,17
on luyn : AD

11,5 ft 2
UD
U D 0, 45
GPM

5,83

2
L
on chng : AD U U 0, 45 12,9 ft
D
D

1.2 Tnh ng knh thp :

Tit din ngang ca thp : AT AN AD

(p.294,[5])

on luyn : ATL=51,93+11,5=63,43 ft2DT=8,98 ft = 2,74 m

on chng: ATC=22,02+12,9=34,92 ft2DT=6,67 ft = 2,03 m
Vi ng knh thp tnh bng cng thc : DT

4 AT

Bng kt qu tnh ton s b ng knh thp :

i lng

K hiu
dh, in
TS, in
hcl, in
CSB, ft/s
US,ft , ft/s
AN, ft2
AD, ft2
AT, ft2
DT, ft

ng knh l
Khong cch mm
Chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm
H s sc
Tc sc
Din tch sc kh hu dng
Din tch chy truyn lng
Tit din ngang ca thp
ng knh thp

21

on luyn
0,5
24
14
0,08
0,233
51,93
11,5
63,43
8,98

on chng
0,5
24
14
0,076
0,259
22,02
12,9
34,92
6,67

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Trong n ny , ng knh hai on khc nhau khng ng k, Chnh v

vy, ng knh hai on s c chn bng nhau v bng ng knh ln nht trong
hai ng knh tnh.
Chn ng knh thp l 2,8m.

Sp t s b mt a:
2.1 S ng i ca lng trn mm:
giai on u cn tin hnh sp t s b din tch mt a, v sp t mt
a s nh hng ti kch thc ca thp, Trong n ny, sp t s b mt a s
da vo hng dn chi tit sp t mt a ca cc hng.
xc nh s ng i ca lng trn a trc tin cn phi tnh s b chiu
di ngng chy trn :
LW=0,8.DT = 0,8.9,18 7,344 ft (p.121, [5])
Ti trng tnh theo 1 n v chiu di ngng chy trn: QL
on luyn :

GPM
, gpm / in
LW

p.121, 5

(ft2/s)

Lu lng lng GPM=572,8 (m3/h) = 5,17(ft3/s)

on chng :

(ft2/s)

Lu lng lng GPM = 5,83(ft3/s)

Chn ng i ca lng trn mm phi m bo iu kin mi ng i ca
lng c ti trng lng QL (tnh theo mt n v chiu di ca ngng chy trn) nm
trong khong (7:13) gpm/in hay (100-140 m3/h.m). Nh vy s thit k mm c 1
ng i on luyn v 1 ng i on chng.
2.2 Khong cch gia cc mm :
i vi on chng ca thp chn s b khong cch gia cc mm TS = 24
in l ph hp v i vi on luyn cng tng t TS = 24 in.
2.3 Cc kch thc khc :
giai on thit k s b cc kch thc sau y c th coi l ph hp cho
vic sp t mt mm :
Phn din tch l: Af = 0,2

22

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Chiu cao ngng chy trn ca ra khi mm ca lng: hw = 2,5 in

Chiu cao mc cht lng trong trn mm: hcl = 2 in
B dy ca mm (thp cacbon) tt = 0,3 in
2.4 Bc l :
Cc l c phn b theo hnh lc gic u, bc l tnh theo cng thc :

p 0,951.

dh
Af

0,951.

0,5
0,2

1,06

2.5 Sp xp knh chy chuyn :

Kt qu t l din tch chy truyn trn din tch tit din ngang, c bng :
i lng
DT (ft)

on luyn
9,18

on chng
9,18

AT (ft2)

63,585

63,585

AD, ft2)

11,5

12,9

AD/AT (%)

18

20,28

Din tch chy truyn lng trong on luyn v on chng l kh nh nn

khng cn gim din tch ny.
Ta c bng :
i lng

K hiu

n v

on luyn on chng

ng knh thp

DT

ft

9,18

9,18

Din tch tit din ngang ca thp

AT

ft2

63,585

63,585

Din tch chy truyn lng mp trn

ADT

ft2

11,5

12,9

Din tch chy truyn lng mp di

ADB

ft2

11,5

12,9

Din tch sc kh ca mm

AB =AT-ADT-ADB

ft2

40,585

37,785

Din tch lm vic thc ca mm

AN=AT-AD

ft2

52,085

50,685

2.6 Chiu di ngng chy trn v chiu rng knh chy truyn :
Cc i lng ny tnh c t hnh dng ca knh chy truyn, xc inh
nhanh cc i lng ny cng c th s dng cc th ca Bolles (p,343, [5]) :

23

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Ta c bng :
i lng
AD/AT

K hiu

on luyn

on chng

9,043

10,144

0,7

0,72

77,112

79,315

0,14

0,158

Lw/Dj theo Hnh 7.51b (p.124,[2])

Chiu di ca ngng chy trn

Lw, in

Wdc/DT theo Hnh 7.51b (p.124,[2])

Chiu rng ca knh chy truyn

Wdc, in

15,422

17,405

ng i ca lng trn mm

FPL, in

79,315

75,349

Kim tra ng i ca lng trn mm FPL = DT Wdc , phi ln hn 12 in,

Kt qu thu c hon ton tha mn.

Tng kt sp xp mt a :
Ta c bng :
i lng
ng knh a

K hiu

on luyn

on chng

DT, ft

9,18

9,18

63,585

63,585

11,5

12,9

5,75

6,45

52,085

50,685

46,335

44,235

0,00137

0,00136

Din tch tit din ngang ca a

AT, ft

Din tch chy truyn lng mp trn

ADT, ft

Din tch chy truyn lng mp di

ADB, ft

Din tch thc ca a

AN, ft

Din tch sc kh

AB, ft

Din tch l

Ah, ft

Chiu di ngng chy trn

Lw, in

75,6

77,76

Chiu di knh chy truyn pha y

in

75,6

77,76

Chiu rng knh chy truyn pha nh

in

15,12

17,064

Chiu rng knh chy truyn pha y

in

15,12

17,064

di ng i ca lng trn mm FPL

in

77,76

73,872

Khong cch gia cc a

TS,in

24

24

ng knh l

dh, in

0,5

0,5

Af

0,2

0,2

hw, in

2,5

2,5

Phn din tch l

Chiu cao ngng chy trn

24

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Chiu cao lp cht lng trong trn a

hcl, in

Chiu dy ca a

tt, in

Bc l

, in

0,25
1.06

0,25
1.06

3.1 Kim tra sc a :

Khi thit k thp thng chn tc lm vic ca thp bng khong (80-85)%
tc sc a, y l khong an ton cn thit do c th c nhng sai s ca cc s
liu cng nh ca cc phng trnh dng tnh ton - thit k.
Ngoi ra, chn gii hn lm vic trn cng c th trnh c s gim hiu
sut a thng xy ra ngay ln cn im sc.
Chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm ch phun tia hcl, in ct nc

hH 2O
Ta c bng :

0, 29. Af 0,791.d 0,833

h
1 0, 0036.QL0,59 . Af 1,79

i lng
Lu lng th tch GPM

(p,320, [5])

K hiu
GPM, gl/m

on luyn on chng
2522

2619

Lw, in

75,6

77,76

Ti trng lng

QL, gpm/in

33,360

33,681

ng knh l

dh, in

0,5

0,5

Af

0,2

0,2

hcl, in ct H2O

0,538

0,538

0,05775

0,05775

L, lb/ft3

26,57

27,89

hcl, in ct lng

3,680

3,588

TS, in

24

24

0,080

0,076

2,789

2,19

8,74

4,11

52,085

50,685

Chiu di ngng chy trn

Phn din tch l

Chiu cao lp cht lng trn trong trn
a ch phun tia
Thng s n =0,0231 (dh/ Af)
Khi lng ring ca pha lng
Chiu cao lp cht lng trong ti ch
chuyn tip t lp bt sang phun tia
Khong cch gia cc a
Thng s c ti im sc mm

CSB, ft/s

Khi lng ring ca pha hi

v, lb/ft

Lu lng th tch

CFS, ft3/s
2

Din tch thc ca a

AN, ft

Tc hi

US, ft/s

0,168

0,152

Thng s c trng cho ti trng hi

Cs, ft/s

0,057

0,044

SF

0,9

0,9

H s gim sc

25

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Thng s C ti im sc mm

C*SB, ft/s

0,072

0,07

% sc mm

79,77

63,137

3.2 Kim tra kh nng tc nghn knh chy truyn lng :

kim tra knh chy truyn, s dng phng trnh ca Koch. Phng trnh
ny c thit lp da vo thi gian lu ln nht ca lng trong knh chy truyn.
Tiu chun v thi gian lu ny cng c th biu din qua tiu chun v tc ln
nht ca lng qua knh chy truyn. Phng trnh Koch c dng :

TS
QD max 448,8(
).SF, gpm/ ft 2 (p, 288, [5])
12.tR

Vi :

tR: thi gian lu ca dng lng trong knh chy truyn

TS: Khong cch gia cc a, in
SF: Yu t gim tc
Ti trong lm vic ca knh chy truyn QD :

QD

GPM
, gpm / ft 2
AD

Ta c bng :
i lng
L-V, lb/ft

on luyn on chng

23,78

25,70

Thi gian lu lng trong knh chy truyn tR, s

3,4

3.8

Khong cch gia cc a TS, in

24

24

0,9

0,9

237,6

212,59

2522

2619

11,5

12,9

219,30

203,02

92,30

95,50

Yu t gim sc SF
Ti trng lng ca knh chy truyn QDmax, gpm/ft
Lu lng th tch GPM
Din tch chy truyn lng mp trn ADT, ft

Ti trng lng ca knh chy truyn QD, gpm/ft

% QDrnax

Nhn xt:
Kt qu kim tra sc mm cho thy % sc mm ca on chng l hp l
(63,137 %), on luyn 79,77 % c th chp nhn.
Kt qu kim tra tc nghn knh chy truyn lng cho thy: vi kch thc
knh chy truyn lng tnh ton th thp s khng c hin tng tt nghn knh chy
truyn (do % QDmax<100%), Do , khong cch mm ca c on chng v on
luyn c th chp nhn gi tr TS = 24 in.

26

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Kim tra thy lc

4.1 Ch lm vic trn mm :
Do mm khng thng lm vic ch phun tia nn tnh kim tra ch
dng trn mm ch chuyn tip s c bt u t ch chuyn tip lp bt nh tng.
tnh chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm ch chuyn tip lp bt nh
tng, s s dng phng trnh ca Hofhuis-Zuiderweg :
N A
hC 2, 08(FLV B )0,25 .hW0,5 ,in (p. 320, [5])
LW
Vi :
: bc l, in
AB : din tch sc kh trn a, ft2
hW : chiu cao ngng chy trn, in
hC : chiu cao lp cht lng trong trn a, in
NP : s ng i ca lng trn a
LW : chiu di ngng chy trn Lw in
FLV : thng s dng vi FLV

L
V

V
(p.271, [5])
L

Nu FLV > 0,0208 th thp lm vic ch nh tng. Ta c bng :

i lng
Lu lng dng lng L, lb/h

on luyn

on chng

457400

672300

Lu lng dng hi V, lb/h

713800

475600

Khi lng ring ca pha lng L, lb/ft

26,57

27,89

Khi lng ring ca pha hi v , lb/ft

2,19

0,208

0,396

46,335

44,235

Bc l , in

1,58

1,58

Chiu di ngng chy trn Lw, in

75,6

77,76

Chiu cao lp lng trong trn a hcl, in ct lng

0,538

0,538

Thng s dng chuyn tip

0,02

0,018

Thng s dng FLV

S ng i ca lng trn a N
Din tch sc kh Ab, ft2

27

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GVHD: T ng Khoa

Nhn xt:
Tt c cc thng s dng chuyn tip u vt qua gi tr thng s dng ch
chuyn tip lp bt - nh tng, Do , ch lm vic ca mm l ch lm
vic nh tng.
4.2 Xc nh lng lng cun theo hi :
Nu lng lng b cun theo hi cao qu mc cho php th ng knh thp
th ng knh thp hoc khong cch mm thng c tng ln, Lng lng ti a
cho php cun theo hi l 0,1 lb, max= 0,1. Gi tr lng cun theo hi ca mm phi
nh hn gi tr ny m bo mm hot ng n inh, Nu ln hn gi tr ny th
hiu sut mm s gim ng k.
ch bt (hay ch nh tng) d bo lng lng b cun theo hi c
th s dng phng trnh ca Fair (p.298, [5]). Ta c bng :
i lng

on luyn

on chng

Thng s dng FLV

0.2

0.396

max

0,1

0,1

0.012

0.005

(60% sc mm)
( 70% sc mm)

0.014
0.008
T bng kt qu trn, nhn thy gi tr thc t nh hn nhiu so vi gi tr
ti a max , nn vn lng cun theo hi trong thp chng luyn khng nh
hng n hiu sut mm.
4.3 Thi gian lu ca lng trong knh chy truyn :
Vic kim tra y nhm mc ch ch ra thi gian lu biu kin ca lng
trong knh chy truyn v kim tra xem thi gian ny c nm trong gii hn cho
php hay khng. Ta c bng :
i lng
on luyn on chng
2
Din tch trung bnh knh chy truyn lng
Atb, ft
11,5
12,9
Khong cch gia cc a
TS, in
24
24
3
Th tch ca knh chy truyn lng
V, ft
23
25,8
Thi gian lu ca lng trong knh chy
tR, s
4,159
4,51
3
Lu
lng dng lng L
L, ft /s
5,53
5,72
truyn
3
Thi gian lu ti thiu lng trong knh chy tRmin, s
3
Nhn
xt :
truyn
H c kh nng to bt cao, thi gian lu nh nht trong knh chy truyn
lng l 4 giy. T bng kt qu trn ta thy thi gian lu ca lng trong knh chy
truyn nm trong gii hn cho php.

28

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

4.4 Tr lc ca mm :
Thng thng tr lc ca mm nm trong khong 50: 120 mm ct cht lng.
Nu tr lc ca mm nm ngoi khong trn, cn iu chnh li thng s quyt nh
hn l thng s phn din tch l v chiu cao ngng chy trn.
a kh :
i lng
ng knh l dh,in

on luyn on chng
0,5

0,5

0,3

0,3

0,6

0.,6

9,267

8,847

Tc dng kh qua l Uh (ft/s)

0,571

0,465

H s K=50,8/Cv2

0,811

0,809

Tr lc ca a kh hd, in

62,605

62,798

B dy van tv, in
Ti s tv/dh
Tng din tch cc l trn a Ah ,ft

a t :
i lng
on luyn on chng
Chiu cao lp cht lng pha trn ngng chy trn ,in
2,52
2,12
Chiu cao lp cht lng trn a ,hcl in
5,02
4,62
3
Khi lng ring ca pha hi V, lb/ft
2,789
2,19
Tc dng kh qua l Uh, ft/s

0,114

0,093

Fh=Uh.G0,5

0.191

0,137

Yu t sc kh

0,62

0,6

Tr lc do cht lng to ra hl,in

2,2

2,1

Thng s

Tng kt :
Tng tr lc ca a
Tng tr lc ca a ht, in ct lng

on Luyn

Tng tr lc ca a ht, mm ct lng

on chng

4.344

3.164

110.349

80.372

4.5 Kim tra chiu cao mc cht lng trong knh chy truyn :
Chiu cao lp bt pha trn ngng chy trn hOW : hoW 0, 48.FW .QL2/3 , in (p.315,[5])
Chiu cao lp cht lng trong trn mm hC : hC hoW hW 0,5hHg , in (p.315,[5])
trong : gradient thy lc: hhg = 0 , in ct lng

29

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

GPM
Tng tr lc ca a ht : ht hd 0, 4.

LW

2/3

0, 4hW , in ct lng

(p.315,[5])

Tr lc to ra khi dng lng i qua khe gia ca mp di knh chy trn hda :
GPM
hda 0, 03.

100.A da

Trong : Ada = LW.hcl

(p.316,[5])

Chiu cao cht lng trong knh chy truyn hdc : hdc = ht + hw + how + hda + hhg , in
Ct bt hdc : h 'dc

p.316, 5

hdc
, in (p.317,[5])
f dc

Vi fdc : khi lng ring trung bnh lp bt

Ta c bng :
i lng
H s hiu chnh tr lc

K hiu
Fw

on luyn on chng
1,08

1,01

Ti trng lng
Chiu cao lp bt pha trn ngng chy
trn
Chiu cao ngng chy trn

QL, gpm/in

33,360

33,681

how, in

5,372

5,056

hw, in

2,5

2,5

Tng tr lc ca mm

ht, in

4,344

3,164

Gradient thy lc

hhg, in

Chiu cao lp cht lng trn mm

hC, in

5,02

4,62

Chiu di ngng chy trn

Lw, in

75,6

77,76

Chiu cao lp cht lng trong trn a

Din tch khe gia mp di ca knh chy
truyn v mt a
Lu lng th tch GPM
Tr lc to ra khi dng lng i qua khe gia
mp di knh chy trn
Chiu cao lp lng trong knh chy truyn
(p.42,[13])
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca lp bt
theo Bng 7.4 (p.44,[13])
Ct bt

hcl, in

3,680

3,588

Ada, ft2

1,932

1,938

gpm

2522

2619

hda, in

1,215

1,321

hdc, in ct H2O

10,579

9,105

fdc, lb/ft

0,5

0,5

h'dc, in

21,158

18,211

Khong cch gia cc a

% chiu cao lp bt trong knh chy truyn

TS, in

24

24

79,8

68,7

30

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Kim tra khong lm vic ca mm :

5.1 Cc thng s tnh ton cn thit cho kim tra khong lm vic ca mm :
ng knh l dh : d h

2 dv hv
, in
dv hv

Phn din tch l Ah : Ah

N v dv hv
, in (p.282,[5])
144 AB

Thng s dng FLV : FLV

Thng s Fh ca l : Fh

L
V

CFS
Af AB

Thng s FB : Fh U h V
Ti trng QL : Q L

(p.282,[5])

V
L

(p.270,[5])

V (p.271,[5])

(p.271,[5])

GPM
(p.270,[5])
LW

Ta c bng :
i lng

on luyn

on chng

0,114

0,093

ng knh van dv, in

1,9

1,9

Chiu cao m van hv, in

0,08

0,08

ng knh l dh,in

0,5

0,5

46,335

44,235

0,2

0,2

0,571

0,465

Lu lng dng lng L, lb/h

457400

672300

Lu lng dng hi V, lb/h

713800

475600

Khi lng ring ca pha lng L, lb/ft3

26,57

27,89

Khi lng ring ca pha hi V, lb/ft3

2,789

2,19

Thng s dng FLV

0,208

0,396

Thng s Fh ca l

0,954

0,687

Thng s FB

0,191

0,137

Ti trng QL, gpm/in

33,360

33,681

Tc dng hi UB ft/s

Din tch sc kh AB, ft2

Phn din tch l Af
Tc hi i trong a Uh, ft/s

31

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

5.2 Kim tra r r lng qua l :

Chiu cao lp bt pha trn ngng chy trn pha trn ngng chy trn how :
,

in

(p.315,[5])

H s trong phng trnh tnh tr lc a kh :

Tr lc a kh hd :
Tr lc do to bt hi :

( ) ,

(p.309,[5])

in (p.309,[5])

, in (p.302,[5])

Vi : : sc cng b mt ( dyne/cm)
Ta c bng :
i lng
H s hiu chnh chiu di FW

on luyn on chng
1,08

1,01

Ti trng QL, gpm/in

33,360

33,681

Chiu cao lp bt pha trn ngng chy trn how, in

5,372

5,056

Tng tr lc ca mm ht = hw + how, in

7.872

7,556

H s tht dng cV

0,811

0,809

H s trong phng trnh tnh tr lc a kh K

62,605

62,798

Khi lng ring ca pha lng L, lb/ft3

26,57

27,9

2,789

2,19

Tr lc a kh hd, in

2,144

1,064

ng knh l dh, in

0,5

0,5

Sc cng b mt , dyne/cm

4,535

3,725

Tr lc do to bt hi ha, in

1,215

1,321

hd + h , in

3.359

2,385

0,9

0,9

Khi lng ring ca pha hi V, lb/ft

( hd + h)* ti im r ri lng qua l a, in

Cc kt qu kim tra theo phng trnh Fair cho thy iu kin di ca

khong lm vic ca mm s khng xy ra hin tng r r lng qua l ( hd+h) >
(hd+h)*. Nh vy, khng cn kim tut lng qua l cng nh tnh phn lng r r
qua mm

32

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

5.3 Kim tra mc kn ca knh chy truyn :

Chiu cao lp cht lng trong trn mm hc :

, in

( p.313, 5)

Chiu cao lp cht lng ch chuyn tip lp bt sang phun tia hl :

, in
Tr lc a ht :

(p.313,[5])
, in

(p.309,[5])

Tr lc to ra khi dng lng qua khe gia mp di knh chy trn hda :
(

(p.318,[5])

Ta c bng :
i lng
Gradient thy lc trn a hhg, in

on luyn on chng
0

Chiu cao lp lng trn a hc, in

5,02

4,62

Yeu t sc kh p

0,62

0,6

Chiu cao lp cht lng trong ch chuyn tip

lp bt sang phun tia hcl, in
Tr lc a kh hd, in

2,2

2,1

2,144

1,064

Tr lc a ht, in

4,344

3,164

1,932

1,938

1,215

1,321

10,579

9,105

8,579

7,105

Din tch ca khe gia mp di ca knh chy truyn

Ad, ft2
Tr lc do dng lng to ra khi i qua khe gia mp
di ca knh chy truyn v mt a hda,in
Chiu cao lp cht lng trong trong knh chy
truyn hdc, in
hdc hcl, in

Cc kt qu cho thy iu kin lm vic ca mm, chiu cao mc cht-lng

trong knh chv truyn cao hn chiu cao khe h mp di knh cha truyn v mt
mm trn 2 in nn knh chy trun s lm vic bnh thng.

Hiu sut thp :

Hiu sut thp c xc nh theo thi (p.192,[7])
Vi: c xc nh ti nhit trung bnh ng vi thp tng ng

33

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

on luyn :
Nhit trung bnh: t =-8
bay hi tng i :

7.069.10-2 cP

Ta c : . =
Da vo th => Eon luyn = 65 %
on chng :
Nhit trung bnh: t =60

-2

cP

bay hi tng i : iF .iW 0,972.3,985 1,968

Ta c : . = 0.152
Da vo th => Eon chng = 74 %

Chiu cao thp :

on luyn : S mm thc : Nluyn =
on chng : S mm thc : Nchng =

3
~5
0, 65
7
~ 10
0, 74

Tng s mm thp l 15 mm.

Chiu cao thp c xc nh theo cng thc :
H TSluyen .Nluyen TSchung .Nchung (0,8 1)

(p.169,[7])

H 0,6096 7,62.103 .5 0,6096 7,62.103 .10 1 ~ 10.5 m

3

d 0,3in 7, 62.10 m

TSluyen TSchung 24 in 0, 6096 m

trong :

Vy chiu cao thp H = 10,5 m

Tnh ton c kh cho thp:

8.1 B dy thn thp :
Thp chng ct hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k thn hnh tr bng
phng php hn gip mi (phng php h quang), Thn thp c ghp vi nhau
bng cc mi hn h quang gip m 1 pha.

34

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

m bo kh nng n mn v cht lng ca sn phm i vi thit b, ta

chn vt liu ch to thn thp l thp khng g m X18H10T. Thn thit b c hn
kn vi np v y bng mi hn h quang gip m 1 pha.
p sut tnh ton :
Thp lm vic p sut kh quyn, nn ta chn p sut tnh ton:

Ptt Pcl htl

, N/mm2

(p.42,[8])

Vi : Pcl : p sut thy tnh do cht lng y

thp hot ng an ton iu kin nguy him nht nn ta c :
'xtb
426 447
Pcl x .g.H xtb
.g.H
.9, 81.10, 25 43891,17 N/m2
2

T ta c , p sut tnh ton cho thp :

2

Ptt = 43891,7+ 18,85.1,01325.105 =1953868 (N/m2 ) ~ 1,954 N/mm

Nhit tnh ton :

Chn nhit tnh ton : ttt = ty = 60oC ,
ng sut tiu chun i vi thp X18H10T :[]* = 140 (N/mm2)
i vi acid h s hiu chnh : = 1
Vy : ng sut cho php : [] = .[]* = 140 (N/mm2)
Xc nh b dy thn chu p sut trong :
Ta chn phng php ch to thn l phng php hn h quang in bng
tay nn h s bn mi hn h = 0,95
Ta c :

140
Xt t s : .h 1,954 .0,95 68, 07 25
Do , b dy tnh ton ca thn c tnh theo cng thc sau :
S 't

P.Dt 1,954.2800

20,5 mm
2. .h 2.140.0,95

(p.97, [8])

B dy thc ca thn : St = St + C
Vi : C l h s b sung b dy v C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co
Ta c :
Ca : h s b sung do n mn ho hc, ph thuc vo tc n mn ca cht
lng, Chn tc n mn ca acid l 0,1 (mm/nm),thit b hot ng trong 10
nm, do Ca = 1 mm
Cb : h s b sung do bo mn c hc, chn Cb = 0 mm

35

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Cc : h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, chn Cc = 0,5 mm

Co : h s b sung qui trn, chn Co =0,95 (mm)
C = 1 + 0 + 0,5 = 1,5 (mm)
Vy : St = 20,5 + 1,5 = 22 (mm)
Kim tra li ta c :

St Ca 22 1

7,5.103 0,1 ng
Dt
2800

Kim tra p sut tnh ton cho php :

P

2. .h. ( St Ca ) 2.140.0,95.(22 1)

1,98 1,954 ng
Dt St Ca
2800 (22 1)

Vy : B dy thc ca thn l St = 22 (mm),

Chn b dy St= 22 mm
8.2 B dy y v np thit b :
Theo quan im chu p sut , y (np ) c dng hnh elip l hp l nht ca
thit b hnh tr hoc ni hi (1 phn do y, np hnh cu ch chu c p sut
d n 0,07 N/mm2 , ch to y bng phng php dp.
Chn y v np c dng l ellipise tiu chun, c g bng thp X18H10T

Theo ti liu [8], ta thy rng cng thc thc tnh ton b dy thn, y v np
chu p sut trong l nh nhau, Nn chn b dy ca y v np l S = Sn =
22(mm)
T l gia chiu cao phn elip tiu chun ca y h v ng knh thit b
h/D =0,25.
Nn ta c h= 0,25 . D = 0,25 . 2800 = 700 mm
y (np) chu p sut trong : Ptrong = 1,954 N/mm2
mm
Elip tiu chun Rt=Dt=2800 mm

36

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

S= S+C=20,5 + 1,5 = 22 mm
Kim tra li :
y (np) chu p sut ngoi :

vi

Ta c :

Vi : x : l t s gii hn n hi ca vt liu lm y (np) vi gii hn chy

ct : gii hn chy ca vt liu lm y (np)
Et : m un n hi ca vt liu lm y (np)

tha

P=

Cc kch thc ca y v np ellipise tiu chun, c g theo DIN 28913:

ng knh trong: Dt = 2800 (mm).

ng knh ngai : Dn=Dt +2S=2844 mm

R1=0,8Dt=0,8.2800=2240 mm

R2=0,15Dt=0,15.2800=420 mm

ht =700(mm)

Chiu cao g: hg = h = 45 (mm).

Din tch b mt trong: Sy +np = 6,55 (m2)

8.3 ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn:

Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh
ni cc b phn khc vi thit b. Cc loi mt bch thng s dng:
Bch lin: l b phn ni lin vi thit b (hn, c v rn). Loi bch
ny ch yu dng thit b lm vic vi p sut thp v p sut trung
bnh.
Bch t do: ch yu dng ni ng dn lm vic nhit cao, ni
cc b bng kim loi mu v hp kim ca chng, c bit l khi cn lm
mt bch bng vt liu bn hn thit b

37

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Bch ren: ch yu dng cho thit b lm vic p sut cao

Bch c lm bng thp carbon , cu to ca bch l bch lin khng c.
8.3.1 V tr nhp liu :
Lu lng nhp liu: GF = 5814 (kmol/h) =496 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng nhp liu: vF = 2 (m/s),
ng knh ng nhp liu: dF =
Chn ng knh ng nhp liu: dF = 300(mm),
Chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lF = 140 (mm) (p.434,[7])
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn nhp liu:
Dy

Dn

Db

D1

Bu

lng

db

mm
300

485

325

430

8.3.2

ng hi nh thp:

(ci)
390

32

M27

16

Lu lng hi nh thp: gd = 3640 (kmol/h) =76840 (kg/h).

Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qh

gd

= 76840/35,04= 2193 (m3/h),

Chn vn tc hi nh thp: vh = 20 (m/s),

ng knh ng dn hi: dh =
Chn ng knh ng dn hi: dh = 0,2 (m)
Chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lh = 130 (mm), (p,434,[7]):
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi nh thp:
Dy

Db

Dn

D1

Bu lng
db

(mm)
200

330

219

280

38

Z
(ci)

248

32

M22

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

8.3.3

GVHD: T ng Khoa

ng hon lu:

Lu lng hon lu: Ghl=2D=2x3640 =7280 kgmol/h= 153680 kg/h

Khi lng ring ca cht lng hon lu, tD = 80oC: hl = 850,6 kg/m3
Lu lng cht lng hon lu: Qhl

Ghl

hl

m3/h.

Chn vn tc cht lng hon lu (t chy t b phn tch lng ngng t

vo thp): vhl = 1,7 (m/s),
ng knh ng hon lu: dhl =
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng hon lu: dhl = 200 (mm),
Chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lhl = 130 (mm),
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hon lu:

Dy

Dn

Db

D1

Bu

lng

db

mm
219

(ci)

200

330

280

248

8.3.4

ng dn hi vo y thp:

32

M22

Lu lng hi vo y thp: g1 = 14941 (Kg/h),

Khi lng ring ca hi vo y thp: hd = 9,588 (Kg/m3)
Lu lng hi vo thp: Qhd

g '1

hd

= 1539 (m3/h),

Chn vn tc hi vo y thp: vhd = 20 (m/s),

ng knh ng dn hi: dhd =
Suy ra: chn ng knh ng dn hi: dhd = 0,15 (m),
Chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lhd = 130 (mm),

39

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn hi vo y thp:

Dy

Db

Dn

D1

Bu lng
db

(mm)
150
8.3.5

300

159

250

(ci)
218

28

M22

ng dn cht lng y thp:

Lu lng cht lng vo ni un:

G1 =WxMW=1771 . 45,82 =81147,22 (kg/h),
QL

G '1

81147
3
0
o
3
181, 7 (m /h), t c =60 c th w=446,6 (kg/m )
446, 6

Chn vn tc cht lng vo ni un (cht lng t chy vo ni un):

vL = 0,8 (m/s),
ng knh ng dn cht lng: dL=
Chn ng knh ng dn: dL = 0,3 (m),
Chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lL = 140 (mm),
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn cht lng y thp:
Dy

D Dn

Db

D1

Bu

lng

db

mm
150

280

159

(ci)

240

212

14

M20

8.3.6 ng dn cht lng t ni un (sn phm y):

Lu lng sn phm y: GW = W.MW = 30220 (Kg/h),
Khi lng ring ca sn phm y, tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)]
tW= 60oC : W = 533 (Kg/m3),
Lu lng sn phm y: QW

40

GW

= 57,7 (m3/h),

SVTH : Nguyn Thanh Huyn

GVHD: T ng Khoa

Chn vn tc sn phm y (cht lng t chy): vW = 0,08 (m/s),

ng knh ng dn sn phm y: dW=

V
~ 0,15(m)
3600.

: chn ng knh ng dn: dW = 0,15 (m),

Chn chiu di on ng ni ghp mt bch: lW = 100 (mm),
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn sn phm y:
Dy

Dn

Db

D1

Bu

lng

db

mm
100

205

108

(ci)

170

148

14

16

8.4 Tai treo v chn :

8.4.1 Tnh trng lng ca ton thp:

Khi lng ca mt mm: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)),
m1 =

.Dt2 . mm .0,9.

.2,82.7,62 x103.0,9.7900 334( kg ) (Kg).

Khi lng ca thn thp:

2
2
2
2
m2= . D ng D t .H than . X 18 H 10T . 2,844 2,8 .10,5.7900 16179(kg )
4

Khi lng ca y (np) thp:

m3 = Sy xy x X18H10T = 6,55 x 0,01 x 7900 = 518 (Kg),
Khi lng ca ton thp:
m = 15.m1+m2+2.m3=334.15+16179+2.518=21707 (kg)
Suy ra trng lng ca ton thp: P = m.g = 217070(N).
8.4.2 Chn thp:
Chn chn : thp c trn bn chn, Ti trng cho php trn mt chn:
Gc =P/4=217070/4 =54267 (N).
m bo an ton cho thit b, ta chn: Gc = 6x104 (N).

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Truc thiet b

Theo ay
thiet b

Cc kch thc ca chn : (tnh bng mm)

L

B1

B2

300

240

260

370

450

226

18

110

34

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CHNG 5:

TNH TON THIT B PH

Thit b un si y thp :
Chn thit b un si y thp l ni un Kettle,
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 38 x 3:
ng knh ngoi: dn = 38 (mm) = 0,038 (m)
B dy ng: t = 3 (mm) = 0,003 (m)
ng knh trong: dtr = 0,032 (m)
Chn hi t l hi nc 6 atm [12]
Nhit ha hi: rH O = rn = 2189500 (J/kg)
2

Nhit si: t H O = tn = 152,25 (oC)

2

Dng sn phm ti y c nhit :

Trc khi vo ni un (lng): tS1 = 55,5 (oC)
Sau khi c un si (hi): tS2 = 59,7 (oC)
Hiu s nhit trung bnh:
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
tlog=

152,3 55,5 152,3 59, 7 36, 66 (K).

152,3 55,5
ln

152,3 59, 7

H s truyn nhit:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc nh i vi tng phng:
K

,(W/m2.K)

1
1
rt
n
S

Vi:
o n : h s cp nhit ca hi t (W/m2.K).
o S : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y (W/m2.K).
o rt : nhit tr qua thnh ng v lp ct

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Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp ct:

qt

t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt

Trong :
tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi t (trong ng), oC
tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (ngoi ng), oC
rt

t
r1 r2
t

B dy thnh ng: t = 0,003 (m)

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g:
t = 16,3 (W/mK) (Bng XII,7, p.313, [6])
Nhit tr lp bn trong ng:
r1 = 1/5800 (m2,K/W) (Bng 31, p.419, [6])
Nhit tr lp cu ngoi ng: r2 =1/5800 (m2K/W)
Nn: rt = 5,289x10-4 (m2K/W)
Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng sn phm y ngoi ng:
p dng cng thc (V.89), trang 26, [6]:
.r
S = 7,77 , 10 . h
h
-2

0,033

0,333

0,75 .q 0,7
0,45 .c 0.117.Ts0,37

Nhit si trung bnh ca dng sn phm ngoi ng:

ts

ts1 ts 2 55,5 59, 7

o

57, 6 ( C)
2
2

TS = 57,6 + 273 = 330,6 (K)

Ti nhit si trung bnh th:
Khi lng ring ca pha hi trong dng sn phm ngoi ng:
h=

x HW
1x52

1, 62 (kg/m3)
RTS
0, 082 x330, 6

Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi t trong ng (p,120,[6]) :

n 0,7254

rn . 2n .g.3n
n .(t n - t W1 ).d tr

Dng php lp: chn tW1 = 94,25 (oC)

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Nhit trung bnh ca mng nc ngng t: tm = (tn + tW1) = 123,25(oC)

qt = qn = 23542,6 (W/m2) (xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k)
tw2 = tw1 - qtrt = 68,893 (oC)
S = 3125,215 (W/m2K) (vi q = qt)
qS = S (tW2 tS) = 32618,5 (W/m2)
Kim tra sai s:
=

qn qS
qn

100% = 3,85% < 5% (tha)

Kt lun: tw1 = 94,25 oC v tw2 = 68,893 oC

Xc nh h s truyn nhit:
K

1
2
= 765,04 (W/m K)
1
1
5, 289.104
2182, 214
3125, 215

B mt truyn nhit:
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
F=

Qc
28389471,52 1000

= 108,87 (m2)
K .tlog 3600 765,04 94, 68

Cu to thit b:
Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 428 (ng), ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u,
Chiu di ng truyn nhit: L =

F
d d tr
n n
2

= 2,31 (m) chn L = 3 (m)

Tra bng V,II, (p,48, [6]) S ng trn ng cho: b =25 (ng)

Tra bng (p,75, [6]) Bc ng: t = 48 (mm) = 0,048 (m)
p dng cng thc (V.140), (p,49, [6]):
ng knh trong ca thit b: D = t.(b-1) + 4dn = 0,728 (m)

Thit b ngng t sn phm nh:

Chn thit b ngng t v ng loi v-ng t nm ngang.
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp A304, kch thc ng: 25x2, di L=2m.

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Chn nc lm lnh i trong ng vi nhit u: t1=-30, nhit cui: t2=-10

Cc tnh cht l hc ca propan lm lnh (theo m phng bng phn mm
HYSYS 2006) ng vi nhit trung bnh ttbN =

t1 t 2
=-20
2

+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 2,27kJ/kg.

+ Khi lng ring: N = 567,1 kg/m3
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,1729.10-2 N.s/m2
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,1268W/m.K
Sut lng propan lng cn dng ngng t sn phm nh:
GN = 9,31 kg/s
2.1

Xc nh h s truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Qnt
, m2
K .t log

Ftb =

(IV.2).

Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
tlog

(8 (30)) (8 (10))
8,34 K
8 30
Ln
8 10

Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K

1
1

rt

, W/m2.K

Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng, W/m2.K

+ A : h s cp nhit ca hi ngng t, W/m2.K
+ rt : nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu

46

(IV.3).

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GVHD: T ng Khoa

Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

Chn vn tc propan i trong ng: vN=0,5 m/s
S ng
Vn tc thc t ca nc trong ng:
vn

4Gn
4.9,31
= 41

2
n n dtr 567,1.0,5. .0, 0322

ng

Chun s Reynolds :
Re N

vN .dtr . N

1,5.0, 032.567,1
15743 > 10000: ch chy ri
0,17292

Ch chy dng, cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:

0,43
NuN 0,021. l .Re0,8
.(
N .PrN

PrN 0,25
)
Prw

Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi ng
knh ng: l =1,51.
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt ca propan lng -17,5, nn PrN = 5,7.
+ Prw : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.

Suy ra: NuN

156, 2
Prw0,25

H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

N =

NuN .N 156, 2.0,1268 521, 2

dtr
Prw0,25 .0, 038 PrW 0,25

Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

qN N .(tw2 ttbN )

521, 2
2
(tw2 20) , W/m
0,25
PrW

Vi tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng).

Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu: qt

t w1 t w2
, W/m2
rt

Trong :

47

(IV.4).

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GVHD: T ng Khoa

+ tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm nh (ngoi ng).

+ rt

t
rc
t

B dy thnh ng: t = 2 mm
H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 W/mK
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
rc = 1/5000 m2K/W
Suy ra: rt = 1/3181,818 m2.K/W
Vy:

qt = 3181,818.(tw1-tw2)

(IV.5)

H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t:
A 1,28. 4

rA .A3 . A2
A

A .(t D tw1 ).d ng (42,1 tw1 )0,25

t: A= 1, 28. 4

rA .A3 . A2
A .d ng

Tra ti liu tham kho (p.30,[6]), ta c tb = 0,65

Khi : ntu = tb. A.
n nhit ngng t: rA = rD = 2439 kJ/kg
Nhit ti ngoi thnh ng:
qA = ntu.(-8-tw1) = A.0,65.(-8-tw1)0,75

(IV.6).

T (IV.4), (IV.5), (IV.6) ta dng phng php lp xc nh tw1, tw2 .

Chn: tw1 = 10 oC :
T (IV.6): qA = 7702 W/m2
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qA =7745W/m2
T (IV.5), ta c: tw2 = tw1Suy ra: ttbw =

qt
=7,56oC
3181,818

t w1 t w 2 10 7,56
8,78 oC
=
2
2

Tra ti liu tham kho [6], Prw = 5,4

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GVHD: T ng Khoa

T (IV.4): qN = 7702 (W/m2).

Kim tra sai s:
=

qN q A
qA

7702 7745
7702

.100 0,56% < 5% : tho.

Vy: tw1 = 10 oC v tw2 = 7,56 oC.

Khi : N

521, 2
2o
337,3 W/m . C
0,25
5, 7

nt 917 W/m2.oC

T (IV.3): K

1
2o
525 W/m . C
1
1
1

337,3 3181,818 917

2.2 Xc nh b mt truyn nhit v cu to thit b :

T (IV.2), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:
Ftb

314100.3639,98
= 72 m2
3600.525.8,34

Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :

L=

72
15,8 m
0, 032 0, 032
.41.
2

Chn L = 3 m, tng s ng N=258 ng

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LI KT
Trn y l ton b phn trnh by v tnh ton thp Deethanizer nm trong cm
ch bin kh thin nhin dng thp mm van, ta thy bn cnh nhng u im cng
cn c nhiu nhc im phi khc phc cho ra nng sut cao hn v tit kim
c nhin liu cng nh kinh t hn. Bn cnh , khi vn hnh thit b ny ta cng
phi ht sc ch n vn an ton lao ng trnh mi ri ro c th xy ra, gy
thit hi v ngi v ca.
Qua mn hc ny, em tm hiu v hc tp c thm nhiu vn :
Tnh ton thit k thp chng ct Deethanizer dng tch C2 tng i hon
chnh khi bit trc nng sut cng nh nng nhp liu.
Tnh ton tng i v qu trnh lm vic ca thit b v kh nng chng n
mn ca thit b v tnh n mn c hc v ha hc.

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GVHD: T ng Khoa

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. Lu Cm Lc, Cng ngh lc v Ch bin du, Nh xut bn i hc Quc
gia TpHCM, 2007, 384tr.
[2]. V Th Ngc Ti Hong Minh Nam, Qu trnh v Thit b trong Cng Ngh
Ha Hc Tp 14: Chng ct hn hp nhiu cu t, Nh xut bn i hc
Quc gia TpHCM, 2004, 202tr.
[3]. Nguyn Bin, Cc Qu trnh v Thit b trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc & Thc
Phm Tp 4: Phn ring di tc dng ca Nhit, Nh xut bn Khoa hoc &
K thut, 2005, 394tr.
[4]. Bi Hi Bi Th Sn, K Thut Nhit, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut,
2004, 468tr.
[5]. Henry Z,Kister, Chemical Engineering: Distillation Design, Nh xut bn
McGrow-Hill, 1992, 711tr.
[6]. Tp th tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ha cht Tp 2,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut H Ni, 1999, 626tr.
[7]. Tp th tc gi, S tay Qu trnh v Thit b Cng ngh Ha cht Tp 1,
Nh xut bn Khoa hc K thut H Ni, 1999, 447tr.
[8]. H L Vin, Thit k v Tnh ton cc thit b ha cht, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc v K thut, H Ni, 1978, 286tr.
[9]. Nguyn Minh Tuyn, C s Tnh ton My v Thit b Ha cht Thc
phm, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni, 1984, 134tr
[10]. Phm Vn Bn V B Minh Hong Minh Nam, Qu trnh v Thit b trong
Cng Ngh Ha Hc Tp 10: V d v Bi tp, Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia
TpHCM, 468tr
[11]. V Vn Bang V B Minh, Qu trnh v Thit b trong Cng Ngh Ha Hc
Tp 3: Truyn Khi
[12]. Nguyn Hu Tng , K thut tch hn hp nhiu cu t - Tnh ton v thit
k, Nh xut bn Bch Khoa H Ni, 459 trang

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