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Huong Dan Su Dung Scilab7
Huong Dan Su Dung Scilab7
PHN MM SCILAB
(Cho hc phn Ton cao cp)
L VN TUN
I HC THNG MI
MC LC
Ch 0. Download v ci t
Ch 1. Tnh ton trn trng s thc
Ch 2. Ma trn v nh thc
Ch 3. Gii h phng trnh tuyn tnh
Ch 4. V th
Ch 5. Tch phn
Ch 6. o hm
Ch 7. Phng trnh vi phn
Ch 8. Phng trnh sai phn
Ch 0. Download v ci t
Bn truy cp vo trang ch: http://www.scilab.org/ (giao din nh hnh di), click vo Download
Scilab bn s download c file scilab-5.3.1.exe (thng 4/2010), ci t nh cc phn mm khc.
; %e biu din s e)
VD: -->7/3.5
(ghi s thp phn: 3.5 )
VD: Tnh a = (4^5 1/6)(
-->a=(4^5-1/6)*(%e^(1/3)+%pi);
Ghi ch: Nu thm du ; vo cui cu lnh th s khng hin th kt qu ra mn hnh.
VD: Tnh log3(4)
-->log(4)/log(3)
(log = ln, y ta dng cng thc i c s)
VD: Tnh arcsin ca 1/2
-->asin(1/2)
Ghi ch: n v l rad; nu cn phi tnh sin(27o) ta i sang radian
VD: Cho f(x) = (sin(x) + x2)/(ex + 1), tnh f(
-->(sin(%pi/6)+(%pi/6)^2)/(exp(%pi/6)+1)
Ch 2. Ma trn v nh thc
1. Khai bo bin ma trn
VD: Khai bo ma trn c 1x3 (vec t dng): -->a=[1,2,4]
VD: Khai bo ma trn c 3x3: -->b=[11,4,3;4,9,6;20,8,9];
Ghi ch: Mi dng ca ma trn cch nhau bi du ; mi phn t ca dng cch nhau bi du ,
2. Cc php ton trn ma trn
Phn mm ang nh cc bin a v b c khai bo 2 cu lnh trn, ta khai bo thm bin c:
-->c=[0,-2,3.5;4,5,8;17,8,-9.2]
Ta c th thc hin cc php ton cng (+), tr (-), nhn (*), ly tha (^)
VD: Cng
-->b+c hoc -->d=b+c
( y ta to thm bin d = b+c )
VD: -->b*c; -->b^2; -->5*b
3. Ma trn chuyn v
VD: -->b
VD: -->[1,2,3;3,5,5]
(thm du cui ma trn)
4. Tm hng ca ma trn
VD: -->rank(b)
5. Tm ma trn nghch o
VD: -->inv(b)
6. Tnh nh thc (ca ma trn vung)
VD: -->det(b)
Ghi ch:Nu tnh c p s (chng hn) 1.954D-14 th hiu l -1.954*10-14 ~ 0 (kt qu chc l 0,
nhng c sai s trong tnh ton ca Scilab)
.
; Khi :
-->A=[1,1,1;1,-1,0;1,1,2]
kerA =
-->b=[-6;1;-9]
-->[x,kerA]=linsolve(A,b)
[]
x =
1.
2.
3.
Ghi ch: kerA ti s gii thch VD2 & VD3, trong v d ny ta c nghim duy nht, x=(1, 2, 3)
VD2: Gii h PTTT:
-->A=[1,1,-1;3,0,-1]
kerA =
-->b=[0;-3]
0.2672612
-->[x,kerA]=linsolve(A,b)
0.5345225
0.8017837
x =
1.0714286
- 0.8571429
0.2142857
Ghi ch: Trong v d ny h c 1 tham s, kerA lu cc h s ca tham s (trong v d 1, h c nghim
duy nht, khng c tham s nn kerA bng rng; v d 3 l trng hp h c nhiu tham s) nghim ca
h hiu l:
x1 = 1.0714286 + t*0.2672612 ; x2 = - 0.8571429 + t*0.5345225 ; x3 = 0.2142857 + t*0.8017837
(c l gii thut tnh ton ca Scilab khng tt nn cho kt qu khng c p v khng chnh xc!!!,
khng bit l x l th no???)
VD3: Gii h PTTT
-->A=[1,1,-1]
kerA =
-->b=[-3]
- 0.5773503 0.5773503
-->[x,kerA]=linsolve(A,b)
0.7886751
0.2113249
0.2113249
0.7886751
x =
1.
1.
- 1.
Ghi ch: Trong v d ny h c 2 tham s, kerA lu cc h s ca tham s (n y bn t rt ra y ngha
tng qut ca kerA) nghim ca h hiu l:
x1 = 1 - 0.5773503*t + 0.5773503*s
x2 = 1 + 0.7886751*t + 0.2113249*s
x3 = -1 + 0.2113249*t + 0.7886751*s
Ch 4. V th
1. Hm 1 bin (2D)
VD: V th hm s: y = x2 + 1 trn on [-10; 10]
Cch 1. Thc hin nh sau:
-->x=[-10:10]
-->plot(x^2+1) hoc -->plot2d(x^2+1)
Phn mm s xut ra th (trn 1 ca s khc Graphic window) nh hnh di (bn c th vo File ->
Copy to clipboard v paste vo word)
Ghi ch: Cc cu lnh trong cch 2 phc tp hn cch 1 nhng cho php v c c dng hm kiu:x^x.
Thao kho Ch 1 khi cn v cc hm phc tp.
2. Hm 2 bin (3D)
VD: V th hm z=sin(x)*y vi x [0; 2], y [0; 5]
-->x=[0:%pi/16:2*%pi]'
(c du chuyn v x thnh ct)
-->y=[0:0.5:5];
-->z=sin(x)*y;
-->plot3d(x, y, z)
Ghi ch: Trong ca s Graphic, bn vo Edit ---> Axes properties ghi ch cho hnh.
Ch 5. Tch phn
1. Tch phn hm 1 bin (1 lp)
10
-->function y=f(x),y=x*(%e^x),endfunction
-->I=intg(9,10,f)
(dng trn l khai bo hm s f(x), dng di tnh tch phn vi cn t 9 -> 10)
Ghi ch: Tham kho Ch 1 khi phi lm vic vi cc hm phc tp.
2. Tch phn mt (2 lp)
VD: Tnh tch phn 2 lp ca hm z = cos(x+y) trn min [0 1]x[0 1]
-->X=[0,0;1,1;1,0];
-->Y=[0,0;0,1;1,1];
-->deff('z=f(x,y)','z=cos(x+y)')
-->[I,err]=int2d(X,Y,f)
err =
3.569D-11
I =
0.4967514
Ghi ch: Min ly tch phn c chia thnh 2 tam gic. Bin X lu honh cc nh ca 2 tam gic
(tam gic th nht l: 0; 1 ; 1 t m) ; bin Y lu tung ca 2 tam gic. Nh vy, tnh tch phn
mt, bn phi chia min ly tch phn thnh cc tham gic.
err l sai s: err = 3.569D-11 ~ 3.569*10-11~ 0.
Ch 6. o hm
1. o hm ca hm (gi tr thc) 1 bin s
VD: Tnh o hm ca hm s y = x^3 + 1 ti x = 2
Ta thc hin nh sau:
-->function y=F(x)
--> y=x^3 + 1;
-->endfunction
-->x=[2];
-->derivative(F,x)
ans =
12.
Ghi ch: Tham kho Ch 1 khi phi lm vic vi cc hm phc tp.
2. o hm ca hm (gi tr thc) nhiu bin s
Ghi ch:
Cho hm thc nhiu bin y = f(x1, x2,....xn)
Ma trn Jacobian (cc o hm ring cp 1):J = (
Ma trn Hessian (cc o hm ring cp 2):
;...;
0.
0.
2.
J =
2.
4.
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