Chng 5:

TRANSISTOR LNG CC (BJT)

ThS. Nguyn B Vng

1. Cu to

Transistor c cu to gm cc min bn dn p v
n xen k nhau

1. Cu to
Min bn dn th nht ca Transistor l
min Emitter (min pht) vi c im l c
nng tp cht ln nht, in cc ni vi
min ny gi l cc Emitter (cc pht).
Min th hai l min Base (min gc) vi
nng tp cht nh v dy ca n nh
c m, in cc ni vi min ny gi l cc
Base (cc gc).
Min cn li l min Collector (min thu) vi
nng tp cht trung bnh v in cc
tng ng l Collector (cc thu).

1. Cu to
Tip gip p-n gia min Emitter v Base gi l
tip gip Emitter (JE).
Tip gip p-n gia min Base v min Collector
l tip gip Collector (JC).
V k hiu Transistor cn ch l mi tn t
gia cc Emitter v Base c chiu t bn dn p
sang bn dn n.

PNP

NPN

1. Cu to
V mt cu trc, c th coi Transistor nh 2
diode mc i nhau

1. Cu to
Cu to mch thc t ca mt Transistor n-p-n

2.Nguyn l hot ng

Transistor lm vic, ngi ta phi a in p 1 chiu ti

cc in cc ca n, gi l phn cc cho Transistor

2.Nguyn l hot ng

s phn cc trong BJT

JE

JC

s phn cc trong BJT

JE

JC

Tham s
H thc c bn v cc dng in trong
Transistor I E I B I C
H s truyn t dng in ca
I
Transistor
C
IE

H s khuch i dng in ca
I
Transistor
C
IB

Ta c h thc: I E I B (1 )

(1 )

3. Cc dng mc BJT

3.1 Mch chung Emitter (EC)

H ng c tuyn vo
IB = f(UBE) khi UCE = const

c tuyn truyn t v c tuyn ra ca s EC

H ng c tuyn ra: IC = f(UCE ) khi IB=const
H ng c tuyn truyn t: IC = f(IBE) khi UCE = const

H s khuch i
Theo nh lut Kichp ta c
I E I B IC

I C I E I CB 0 I C I B I CB 0
Gii phng trnh vi IC, chng ta c mi quan h gia IC v IB

1
IC
IB
I CB 0 I B 1 I CB 0 I B I CB 0
1
1

Trong = (1-) l h s khuch i CE

( thng thng = 0,99; = 99)

Mt s mch EC

+10V

R3
4k7

R2
C1

C2

22uF

47k

R4

Q1

10k

2N2222
22uF

R1
10k

R5
1k

C3
100u

3.2 Mch chung Base (BC)

H ng c tuyn vo
IE=f(UEB) khi in p ra UCB =const

H ng c tuyn ra v truyn t
c tuyn ra:IC= f(UCB) khi gi dng vo IE=const
c tuyn truyn t: IC=f(IE) khi khi UCB = const

3.3 Mch chung Collector (CC)

H ng c tuyn vo

c tuyn ra ca s CC

ng thng ly in (Load line)

Phng trnh ng thng ly in : VCC=ICRC+VCE

vit li: IC = ( VCC VCE)/ RC = -VCE / RC + VCC /RC

ng ly in c v trn c tuyn ra qua 2 im
xc nh sau:

im ngng, IC = 0 VCE= VCC (im M)

im bo ha: VCE = 0 IC = VCC/ RC (im N)

ni 2 im M v N li ta c c ng ly in
Giao im ng ly in v ng phn cc IB chn
trc cho ta tr s im tnh Q.

ng thng ly in cho EC

Vai tr ca ng thng ly in
Phn gii mch Transistor.
Xc nh im tnh iu hnh Q.
Cho bit trng thi hot ng ca
transistor ( tc ng, bo ho, ngng).
Mch khuch i c tuyn tnh hay khng.
Thit k mch khuch theo nh ( chn
trc im tnh Q , tnh cc tr s linh
kin)

Ch :
li dng in thay i theo v tr im
tnh iu hnh Q.
im tnh iu hnh Q thay i v tr theo
in th phn cc transistor v cn thay
i theo tn hiu xoay chiu ( AC) tc ng
vo mch .

Phn gii bng th

4. Phn cc ca BJT

Vng hot ng ca BJT:

Vng tc ng: (Vng khuch i hay tuyn tnh)
Mi ghp B-E phn cc thun
Mi ghp B-C phn cc nghch
Vng bo ha:
Mi ghp B-E phn cc thun
Mi ghp B-C phn cc thun
Vng ngng:
Mi ghp B-E phn cc nghch

Phng php chung phn gii mch

phn cc gm ba bc:
Bc 1: Dng mch in ng vo xc nh
dng in ng vo (IB hoc IE).
Bc 2: Suy ra dng in ng ra t cc lin h
IC=IB hay IC=IE
Bc 3: Dng mch in ng ra tm cc
thng s cn li (in th ti cc chn, gia cc
chn ca BJT...)

4.1 Phn cc c nh ca BJT (Fixed

Bias)

Phn cc c nh ca BJT (Fixed Bias)

Mch ng nn-pht (Base-Emitter):
VCC RB I B VBE 0
VCC VBE
IB
RB
Vi VBE = 0.7V nu BJT l Si v VBE = 0.3V nu l Ge.
Suy ra : IC=IB

Mch ng ra thu-nn (Collector-Base):

VCC RC I C VCE hay VCE VCC RC I C
y l phng trnh ng thng ly in.

S bo ha ca BJT
S lin h gia IC v IB s quyt nh BJT c hot ng
trong vng tuyn tnh hay khng. BJT hot ng trong
vng tuyn tnh th ni thu - nn (CE) phi phn cc nghch.
BJT NPN v c th mch va xt ta phi c:
VC VB VC VB VBE
VC VCC RC I C VCE VBE 0.7V

VCC 0.7
IC
RC
VCC 0.7
I

Nu C
RC
th BJT s i dn vo hot ng trong vng bo ha. T iu
kin ny v lin h IC=IB ta tm c tr s ti a ca IB, t
chn RB sao cho thch hp.

Nu

VCC
IC
RC

tc VCE = 0V (thc ra khong 0.2V)

Th VCVB, ni CB (thu-nn) phn cc thun, BJT hon ton nm

trong vng bo ha v dng in

VCC c gi l dng cc thu bo ha I

Csat
IC
RC
I Csat

VCC

RC

4.2 Phn

cc n nh cc pht

Mch c bn ging mch

phn cc c nh, nhng
cc emitter c mc thm
mt in tr RE xung mass.
Cch tnh phn cc cng c
cc bc ging nh mch
phn cc c nh.

Ta c:

VCC RB I B VBE RE I E

Thay I E 1 I B

VCC VBE
IB
RB 1 RE

(suy ra IC t lin h: IC=IB)

mch CE(thu-pht): VCC RC I C VCE RE I E

Trong : I E I B I C I C

VCE VCC RC RE I C

S bo ha ca BJT
Tng t nh trong mch phn cc c
nh, bng cch cho ni tt gia cc thu
v cc pht ta tm c dng in cc
thu bo ha ICsat

I Csat

VCC

RC RE

Ta thy khi thm RE vo, ICsat nh hn trong

trng hp phn cc c nh, tc BJT d bo
ha hn.

4.3 Phn cc bng cu chia in th

Dng nh l Thevenin bin i thnh mch tng ng

Trong :

RBB

R1 R2

R1 R2

Mch BE (nn pht):

VBB RBB I B VBE RE I E

Thay: IE=(1+)IB Suy ra:

T lin h I C I B
Mch CE (thu pht):

VBB VCC

R2
R1 R2

VBB VBE
IB
RBB 1 RE

VCE VCC RC I C RE I E

V I C I E VCE VCC RC RE I C
Ngoi ra:

VC VCC RC I C

VB VBB RB I B

VE RE I E RE I c

S bo ha ca BJT
Tng t nh phn trc:

I Csat

VCC

RC RE

4.4 Phn cc vi hi tip in th

y cng l cch phn cc ci thin n nh cho hot
ng ca BJT

Mch nn pht:
Vi

VCC R I RB I B RE I E VBE
'
C C

I IC I B I E IC I B
'
C

VCC VBE
IB
RB RC RE

IC I B
VCE VCC RC RE I C

4.5 Mt s dng mch phn cc khc

5. Thit k mch phn cc

Khi thit k mch phn cc, ngi ta

thng dng cc nh lut cn bn v
mch in nh nh lut Ohm, nh lut
Kirchoff, nh l Thevenin..., t cc
thng s bit tm ra cc thng s cha
bit ca mch in.

Th d 1
Cho mch phn cc vi c tuyn ng ra ca BJT nh
hnh di. Xc nh VCC, RC, RB.

T ng thng ly in: VCE =VCC-RCIC

Ti trc trc ta UCE , khi IB=0 ta suy ra IC=0 v VCE =20V thay
vo phng trnh ng thng ly in ta c VCC=20V
I Csat

Vcc
8 mA RC 2.5 k
Rc

Ngoi ra: Transistor lm t vt liu thun bn dn Si do

VBE=0.7V v I VCC VBE 20V 0.7V 40 A
B

RB

RB

RB 482.5 k
c cc in tr tiu chun ta chn: RB=470 K, RC=2.4 K..

Th d 2
Thit k mch phn cc nh hnh di. IC=2mA, VCE=10V

in tr RC v RE khng th tnh trc tip t cc thng

s bit. Vic a in tr RE vo mch l n nh
iu kin phn cc. RE khng th c tr s qu ln v
nh th lm gim VCE (s lm gim khuch i).
Nhng nu RE qu nh th n nh km. Thc
nghim ngi ta thng chn VE khong 1/10VCC.
1
1
VE VCC 20 2 V
10
10

VE VE
2V
RE

1 k
I E I C 2mA

VC VCE VE 20V 10V 2V

Rc

4 k
IC
2mA

1
1
I B IC
2 13.333 A

150

VB VCC VBE VRE 20 0.7 2 17.3 V

VB
17.3V
RB

1.3 M
I B 13.333 A
Chn RB=1.2 M

Th d 3
Thit k mch phn cc c dng nh hnh di

1
1
Ta c: VE VCC 20 2 V
10
10

VE VE
2V
RE

1 k
I E I C 2mA

VC VCE VE 20V 10V 2V

Rc

4 k
IC
2mA

VB VBE VE 0.7 2 2.7 V

in tr R1, R2 khng th tnh trc tip t in th chn B v

in th ngun. mch hot ng tt, ta phi chn R 1, R2
sao cho c VB mong mun v sao cho dng qua R1, R2 gn
nh bng nhau v rt ln i vi IB.
Lc :
1
R2 RE 8 k
10

Ta c th
chn:
VB

R2 6,8 k
R2
VCC 2.7 V
R1 R2

R1 43.57 k
Ta c th chn: R1=39k hoc 47k

6. BJT hot ng nh mt
chuyn mch

Th d: Xc nh RC v RB ca mch in nu ICsat=10mA

I Csat
IB
40 A
DC
Ta chn IB=60A m bo BJT hot ng trong vng bo ha

I Csat

VCC
V
10 mA RC CC 1 k
RC
I Csat

VIn VBE
VIn 0.7
IB
RB
155 k
RB
IB
Do ta thit k:

RC=1k
RB=150k

Th d 1 BJT bnh thng:

ts=120ns ; tr=13ns
tf=132ns ; td=25ns
Vy: ton=38ns ; toff=132ns

Mt s ng dng ca BJT hot

ng nh mt chuyn mch

Using a transistor as a switch

PNP

NPN

Using a transistor switch with sensors

ng ngt n

7. Tnh khuch i ca BJT

Gi s ta a mt tn hiu xoay chiu Vin(t) c dng sin,

bin nh vo chn B ca BJT khi ta c:
VB(t)=VB+Vin(t)

Cc t lin lc C1 v C2 c chn nh th no c
th xem nh ni tt -dung khng rt nh - tn s ca
tn hiu.
Nh vy tc dng ca cc t lin lc C1, C2 lm cho
thnh phn xoay chiu ca tn hiu i qua v ngn thnh
phn phn cc mt chiu.

 VB(t) >VBIB IC
VC(t)=VCC-RCiC(t)
VB(t) <VBIB IC
VC(t)=VCC-RCiC(t)
VOut(t) ngc pha vi VIn(t).

VOut (t )
AV
VIn (t )
l khuch i hay li in
th ca mch

 Cha kha phn gii v xc nh cc thng s ca

mch l mch tng ng xoay chiu.

vo
AV
vi

li in th:
li dng in:
Tng tr vo:
Tng tr ra:

io
AV
ii

vi
Zi
ii

vo
Zo
io

Dng mch tng ng

Mch cc Emitter v Collector chung

kiu mu re

thng s h

Dng n gin

Dng n gin

Dng y

Dng y

Mch cc nn chung
kiu mu re

thng s h

Dng n gin

Dng n gin

Dng y

Dng y

26mV 26mV
re

IC
IE

Cc lin h cn ch :

re h ie

h fe

re h ib

h fb 1

Ngoi ra:

v be v be i c
1
re

.
i b g m .v be
ib
ic i b g m
;

Do ngun ph thuc ib c th thay th bng ngun gm.vbe

8. Mch khuch i cc pht (E)

chung

Tr s do nh sn xut cho bit

26mV
Tr s re c tnh t mch phn
re
IC
cc:
T mch tng ng ta tm c cc thng s ca mch.

vo
li in th: A V
vi

Ta c: v o .i b .R C vi .re .i b 1 R E .i b
.i b .R C
.R C
Suy ra: A vo

V
vi .re .i b 1 R E .i b
.re 1 R E
Do

? 1

RC
nn A V
re R E

Nu R E ? re
th

RC
AV
RE

Du - cho thy vo v vi ngc pha

vi
Tng tr vo: z i
ii

vi .re .i b 1 R E .i b
.re 1 R E re R E R E
Ta t: z b
ib
ib

Suy ra: z i

R B // z b

io
li dng in:A i
ii
vi
vo z i
vo
i

.
io
i
i
zi
RC
vi RC

Hay

zi
Ai A V .
RC

Tng tr ra:

vo
zo
io

tnh tng tr ra ca mch, u tin ta ni tt ng vo (vi=0);

p mt ngun gi tng c tr s vo vo pha ng ra nh trn,
xong lp t s

vo
zo
io

Khi vi=0 ib = 0 ib=0 (tng ng mch h) nn

vo
zo
RC
io

Trong trng hp ni thm CE hoc ni chn E xung mass

Mch tng ng

Phn gii mch ta s tm c:

vo
RC
AV

vi
re

vi
z i R B // re
ii

zo R C
zi
A i A V
RC

Mch khuch i cc pht chung vi kiu phn

cc bng cu chia in th v n nh cc
pht

RC
RC
AV

re R E
RE

zi R 1 // R 2 // z b

zi
Ai A V
RC

zo R C

z b re R E R E

Trong trng hp ni thm CE hoc ni chn E xung mass

Mch tng ng
RC
AV
rE
z i R 1 // R 2 // z b
z b rE
zo R C

zi
Ai A V
RC

Mch khuch i cc pht chung phn cc

bng hi tip in th v n nh cc pht

vo
RC
RC
AV

vi
re R E
RE
zi
Ai A V .
RC

.R E .R B
zi
R B .R E . A V
z o R C // R B

9. Phn gii theo thng s h n gin

lin h 2 mch tng ng

h ie re
h fe
h oe 1

ro

h ib re
h fb

Mch khuch i cc pht chung

Mch tng ng

Phn gii mch tng ng ta tm c

Tng tr vo Zi=R1//R2//Zb
vi:
Zb=hie+(1+hfe)RE=hie+hfeRE
li in th:
vo

AV

Ta c:

v o h fe .i b .R C

vi

vi h ie .i b 1 h fe R E .i b
vo
h fe .i b .R C
h fe .R C
h fe .R C
AV

vi
h ie .i b 1 h fe R E .i b
h ie 1 h fe R E
h ie h fe .R E
Thng h ie

= h fe .R E

RC
AV
RE

 Tng tr ra: Zo=RC

li dng in:

io
Ai
ii
vo
io
RC

vo zi
Ai .
vi R C

Hay

vi
ii
zi

zi
Ai A V .
RC

10. MT S NG DNG KHUCH I CA BJT

mch khuch i micro dng cho my tng m

Mch to dao ng sng hnh sin

Mch a hi t dao ng dng tranzito lng cc

1
1
f
T 0.69R B2 C1 0.69R B1C 2

Hnh dng thc ca Transistor BJT