CHAPTER 5 The Chain Rule and Its Applications 5.1 Composite Functions Practise Section 5.1 Page 274 Question 1 a) (FQ) by (fos) = set) = 13) =6 d) Ge Ne (6) (ee fl) =s(f)) 12) = 82) =5 ‘This cannot be evaluated since 12 is not in the domain of g(x) Section 5.1 Page 274 Question 3 a) fayeiP+i ») = M441 = = 14s @ f(g) = fx-3) ©) s(g(0) = (= 3) = +1 =x ox 4941 = -6r+10 8) (ee Ni?) = K(f) sr) (CP +D gH) =2 “41-3 Section 5.1 Page 274 Question 5 ° Fe) = £4) =8 9 Fs) = FD) ‘This cannot be evaluated since 7is not in the domain of f(x). = 64r? — 96r 437 5 Stg(-2)) co) 541 i) (fx -2) y+ 2Ox?- 12x45) = 9x? 128+ 5- = 9x 12x42 *) (Fonte) = Fle) (se Ni =F) = ses +3) -:(4) a4 °G “ia we =s(2) The domain of fe g includes all eal numbers except ” we ates a 5 The domain of g 6 f includes all eal numbers except v=o ) (Font = flats » FePa=Neey (2 Nw) =sF0) ot =sQx-3) =U046)-3 td) 46 =2x+9 hes The domsin off eg includes al eal numbers The domsin of xo f includes all eal numbers 5.1 Composite Functions MHR 2639 (Fo sx) = f(g) = se-5) Je gis defined for x > 5 4 (Fe six) = f(g) =sxe4D =VGreDe8 = View . 9 f9 gis defined for x > ~7 9 (Fo s)(x) = S(gx) Se+2) +2)? ae tte {Je g is defined forall real numbers. D (fea= sls) f2x45) Gxesy = 8x5 + 60x" + 150 + 125 {fo gs defined forall real numbers ») (Fe) = fe) £02) (ey =x {fo gs defined forall real numbers hy (fe £00) (g(x) (xt) Vx8 +49 {fe gis defined forall real numbers 264 MHR Chapter 5 (2 DR) = sO) = 8 (vx) SVE-5 0 f is defined for x > 0. (we NG) = (F(X) =1 (v3) =4yee841 0 f is defined for x > -8, (ees) (£09) =a(x’) ax42 £0 J is defined for all real numbers. (eof) = (F) =a(e) S28 45 0 J is defined for all real numbers. (0 fx) = s(F@) = a(x =x) xx 1 fis dens for ae ube (g@ f(x) = sfx) =1(Ve¥8) =(ver8)" pe +49)? = x! + 98x7 +2401 £6 f is defined forall real numbers.Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 51 Page 275 Question 7 a) fig = sex +4) ») g@) 20 ©) The range of f(g(x)) is R x+420 x ‘The domain of f(g(x)) is x > —4. @—s(F(x)) = 5) ©) The domain of g(f(x)) isx 20.) The range of g(f(x))is y 2 4 =vEt4 Section 5.1 Page 275 Question 8 5 a (Ken = KC) » = fas—32) 427315 5 =K Ge- 2) 269.26 5 Sr_sy 427315 25°F is equivalent co approximately 269.26°K. Section 5.1 Page 275 Question 9 a) From the information given itis determined that A(?) 001 » Aca 9 r= (re AD (0) isthe radius, in metres, ofthe oil spill, after [500060) =9772 + minutes a (64 ‘The radius of the oil spill after 1 his 97.72 m. Section 5.1 Page 275 Question 10 ) From the information given it is determined that V(t) 0r. Determine an expression for the radius, r, as a Determine an expression for r(1, in centimetres. function of volume, V r= GeVvya =v) (S01) » fo) ae 1b) Atccight weeks, ¢ = 56, The radius is or approximately 8.74 em, 5.1 Composite Functions MHR 265Section 5.1 Page 275 Question 11 a) Delivery persons: one per 45 subscribers plus one replacement; supervisors: one per 12 delivery persons. 5000 +45 a +934 ») 9 (5000) = ‘Ten supervisors are requited for 5000 subscribers (you need more than 9). Section 5.1 Page 275 Question 12 a) als) = Ss B) w(a) = 0.05a +200 ° w(s) = 6 © a)(s) a w(s) = 0.255 +200 = wlats)) w(2500) = 0.25(2500) +200 wiSs) = 825 = 0.05(5s) +200 = 0255-4200 Her gross wages are $825. Her gross wages are w(s) = 0.25s + 200, ©) Let e be her extra wages. crate +50 "5 Her eva wags $18 Seuten 51 Pages: Quen 13 oy Tsai 00m 4 10 00 » 0 8 ray =4ecoea +1010 009 yaar one) ers 10" syn, = V(3000r + 1.000 000) ‘The volume is approximately 4.780 x 10" km? after 15's. = Secor 10000? V or represents the volume, in cubic kilometres, after seconds. Section 5.1 Page 276 Question 14 ‘The radius of the fre can be defined as r(1) = 6001, where # is measured in days. Determine a definition for A(t) the area bumed, AC) = r* A = (Aor) = AGO) = (6008) = (6001)? = 360 000077 At two weeks, f= 14, The tol area burned is 360 000x(14)? m? or approximately 221.7 km* 266 MHR Chapter 5Section 5.1 Page 276 Question 15 1) The distance, p, can be expressed as p = f(e) = VE 235 151000), , Sore b) The distance travelled by the cyclist, c, in metres, can be expressed as ¢ = g(f) = = Ze where 1 is measured in seconds, 2 (Fest Ls) +225 represen the tance between he ysl an ie lock aes 1:0 pn ‘The function (f © g)(1) = ( 6 in seconds. 250\* Section 5.1 Page 276 Question 16 ‘Answers may vary. FOO) = (F909) £09 #9) a 32x43 32x43 x » ve 6x47 1 ° ve - a ax 5x Section 5.1 Page 276 Question 17 Section 5.1 Page 276 Question 18 fes=h fegszh S(g()) = AG) £0) = AG 4g(x) -3 = 4x? = 21 1 FRx +6) = 4g) = 40-18 a [8549 = Ba w Bro HS By comparison of both sides of (1), f(x) 5.1 Composite Functions MHR 2675.2 The Chain Rule Practise Section 5.2. Page 282 Question 1 Fx) = x) ax) 2) (g(3)) FO) = f(g) 2) (x? +3) x x43 Ix Six +3) (a2) | x wa 26 (test xi x45 i 42x we 2x-1 x st 45x-8 Section 5.2. Page 282 Question 3 dy _dQx+Tt dd ° daa a 9 9 Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 5.2 Page 282 Question 5 v vid a) 2 sis tumin; © = + Lem ) Se = 18 Limin; = 55 ») ‘The water level is rising at 3 em/min, 268 MHR Chapter 5 a p ah a ah at ay de dw eax-8 1G +3x- 8)?Section 5.2 Page 282 Question 6 ‘with respect to time. dA _ dA dr a ra de at 2ar 0,002 = 0.0047 2) Wienr = tim, “4 = 000408 osx 0101 Wear = thm, = oon) or proxy 050k 6) Wienr =0.14m, £4 = oon. or aprons 0.001 Section 5.2, Page 282 Question 7 (3+ 2y¥)" a) b) A(x) = ——_—_ . 4 (342vx) = 23428) oct te 2(3-+2y%) era = 28+ 2V5) _ * +4) -@- 90) oy ~ Grae oat! . 39 “ ore . oy tay sro AOR A249 gy) peyy cane yKOXEDS MOHD og ys dee 9 O* Tay a Ys) = x DT te Lipa, yt = Ox + DIS 1A] + 4x- DQ) =a (40 +x)? (8x41) = 4x - 1)*[102x + 1) + 4x - 1D) ~ Seth = 24x — 1)"(20x + 10 + 4x - 1) ava tx = 24x - 1)*(2dx +9) ° H@) = 2 ay BEE 4 g—5y Sa ded de = (9 = 4)'(-5) +.B = Sx)136? 4°20] = (= 8(-5x? +204 18-303") (a? = 4)°G5x" ~ 18x20) 5.2 The Chain Rule MAR 269Section 5.2. Page 282 Question 8 Homie gen dst, whenr= aon ££ = Scnimin wviw or aoa a 4p 450" dr od sae 4a a) Substitute & = 30and & = -s into (1). o we . a an(30)51 ae = 4#030)*(-5) = =18 000% ‘The volume is decreasing at arate of 18 000x em*/min Section 52 Page 283 Question 10 ‘The volume of a cone with base radius, r, and height, h sinliscdtoV = ber (2) oY = Section 5.2 Page 282 Question 9 Hon te gen when r= 0 em, f= 3 dA _ dA dr a ®t _ dae dr aa ar = Baro i) ar Substitute r = 70 and [= 3 into (1) aA G7 2103) = 420% ‘The area is increasing at arate of 420 m*/day. uy eter, Sze 4 =. te aml vole canbe . ww aw aaa Fa a dV we? dr apa 0 w sabatiute & = 4 andr =7 no, a1 dr oa a 82 Aon ar 8 a” Be ‘The radi cr at the of 8 mr he as is increasing tthe ate of mini Section 5.2, Page 283 Question 11 F(x) = f(g) g'()) FQ) = f'(g))e'(2) = fol) = 108(4) =432 270 MHR Chapter 5Section 5.2 Page 283 Question 12 dy data dst a4 » oq) = SEEDS dete * ax de 4 de Z FO Bar ax : So + 1)°3t atest 23-80) 3 = “DF Wee a ° Woo = ( = 4(Sa) a) «+ntorten-a+nta+ a(S) @epg@+D-@ + DE @tD an 7 G+ Dx) = G74 DA) Gre a _ xed 20x! yp dae est dx dy gyt dOx-2P Bx ° Ox ees de OTS) ae = x2 Hx? +54] + Ax? +5*BGx-27°)] = 16x3x -2)° 2 +5) + 90x +5)'Gx- 27 3x — 2)°(2x? + 5)"[loxt3x —2) + 92x" +5)] 3x ~ 2)*(x? 4+ 5)*(48x? — 32x 4+ 18x? +45) = (3x - 2)'Qx? + 5)°(66x? ~ 32x +45) 5 5.2 The Chain Rule MAR 271wantee= n-ne + DEO? ~~ - DE +) wre # @!+DGx)-@'- NG) wah (38 Glo 1) or 3x2 Is ») aerate dee -3) a gO)= Ver 3P 272 MHR Chapter 5Section 5.2 Page 283 Question 13 ay Ba AMF) d(FOO) ao) py Ba MlsCHCOF deta) aha) a aS) df) dx ae dg) dha) ae = HEFCE TODS = 2s(h(3)8/HCI)HCD 5 ay _dg(hGx-DP) ahGx- DP dGx-2) Be ° &d{h@x-DP Gx 2) Be a 8 (ABx — DP) QDABx — BH Bx — 2903) = 6¢'((hGx ~ 2)P)AGx — 2)8'Gx —2) » ay _te(((@Hr)) ar(OH4) gent ® Gey) aor a / ' 1 =#(r(#o))s (@=0") (4) 0+ ° dy AS (+SOO') det ser dx +500) date | dese =f) (6+ 200") (De +200)" [1 +2'Q)] = =F (64 860) +O)" [+ 80] Section 5.2 Page 283 Question 14 a) Prove that if F = f © g and g(x) = cis constant function, then F'(x) = f°(g(x))s"(. FOO = S(s() HONE) = (0-0 =0 Thus, F(x) = s"(g0)2'(9 if x(x) = Lg) - f(g(@) » Fo) = ti et = tim | L600) = 8@), BB soma F180) ~ F166@) = tim LECY= LO) iy H wate) o 6) Asx a, 5(2) + #(@) 50 we ean write the fist term ofthe product onthe igh-hand side of (1) as tim LE) = Slew) Mo gO) = 8) Thos, ” fsx) (g(a) a(x) - g(a) a) = Yim, LECY= SEO) ip 80-10) re stax) g(x) — g(a) a x-@ = s'(g(a))s'(a) Q) Replace a with x in (2) to obtain FD) = s'e@)¥) 5.2 The Chain Rule MAR 2735.3. Implicit Differentiation Practise Section 5.3 Page 289 Question 1 a) i) Solve for y 3x yt 23 yiaaxt23 y 4,5), use y (3x2 — 23)¢ 3x2 - 23, rs a) Vie 03 Substitute x = 4 into (1). dy ua) a a aa 12 ve _2 “5 The slp ofthe nga (5s Section 5.3 Page 289 Question 3 4 ayo 4 a) Be to) = B37 ‘ & aay dy _ 37 ay & ay 2x + 18y2 =0 +18 dy _ -2x ax Ty a) is 1 ‘The slope of the tangent at (1,2) is ~75. Determine the equation of the tangent x4 18y-37=0 ‘The equation of the tangent is x + 18y — 37 274 MHR Chapter 5 fi) Differentiate implicitly 4 02) by Ror Y= 23, Be at by Bh be st ox-ayZ = ay _ moe ey ay ay 1 dx y 0 Substitute (x, y) = (4, 5) into (1). ay ax ‘The slope of the tangent at (4, 5) is b) Answers wll vary b) vB a Substitute (x, y) = (9,4) into (1). wy a9 ‘The slope of the tangent at (9,4) is —=. Determine the ‘equation of the tangent 5 4 yoda 5-9) Dy —36 = 4x +36 4x+9y-72=0 ‘The equation of the tangent is 4x +9y — 72 = 0.9 ley boy dx dy? dy a ay ay ram ate yx) + On 3,2) into (1). Substitute (x,y) 2 ‘The slope ofthe tangent at (~3,2) is 5. Determine the equation of the tangent 2 Fa yo2=5(e-(-3)) By 6= 2x46 de =3y412 ‘The equation of the tangent is 2x ~ 3y 4 12 = a » @ 4 testy) = » Rte) ay dy det ody dy a a ay ae 39. sax) 4x2)” Zs ax +2 Gy) 2 a Pevensey? Yayo 4 aety Bay 439% Zeay' 3xty) 4 Substitute (x, y) = (2, 1) into (1). ‘The slope of the tangent at (2, 1) is ‘The equation ofthe tangent is x + 4y — i) a 5.3 Implicit Differentiation MAR 275Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 53 Page 289 Question > 4 yd aid 23 2) = 4 F(@- 9? +040) = 208) de-9F dy eI? dy _ ais oe ay ax Ax-3) +20 +1) x-3 yal Substitute (x, 9) = (3, -5) into (1). dy & ‘The slope of the tangent at (3, -5) is 0. fi) The equation of the tangent is y iti) (3 +O FD? = 16 276 MHR Chapter 5 i) DD) Zo%-20)= Zan a dx dy) dt a(oi+sB) dx ay a9 Wie 2 xR a a Substitute (x, y) = (5, -1) into (1). a a ay dy a & a 1 S 1 The slope ofthe tangent at §,~1) is = fi) Determine the equation of the tangent. 1 yo (CD=Ee-8) by +6=x-5 oy-11 ‘The equation of the tangent is x —6y 11 = 0.ay 4 9) (24s —ax46y) =f F (ty? = 4x 469) = 207) ea ab + dy _ 487 ae dy dx dx de 4 ax a ae ay 2x4 2y% 446: +272 44 : = wy ¥ Substitution of (x, y) = (12, -3) into (1) yields divi- sion by zero; hence, the slope of the tangent is unde fined fi) The tangent isa vertical line through (12, ~3), The ‘equation of the tangent is x = 12 iti) ji a a ai 2 (e-wty)= 5 Ze-w+y)-2@ dt (dx av) dy* dy _ a3 ae Vax ae x & dy 2x 2 dy | yn2x Ree Substitute (x, 9) 1) into (1). dy | 1-201) a 3 The slope ofthe tangent at (-1, 1) is 5 fi) Determine the equation of the tangent. (x=) 4y—4= 3x43 3x—dy 47 =0 ‘The equation of the tangent is 3x — 4y +7 = 0, itt) fy dx dy+7=0, fo oxy ty 3 5.3 Implicit Differentiation MHR 277Section 53 Page 289 Question $ a a a 4 (x4) 6x42y) = Las A(x ty? - 6x 429) = Zs) BOD 6 py aS dx T+y o Substitution of (x, y) = (6,3) into (1) yields a slope Determine the equation of the tangent. (x6) +18 ») 278 MHR Chapter 5 Section 5.3 Page 289 Question 6 ) Determine the coordinates of the centre, C. 4x 12y = 60 12y +36 = 6044436 (42 +06 = ‘The centre of the circle is C(—2, 6). The slope of the radius, CP, is ——° Foy MF Determine the slope of the tangent at P. 4 ity y? dx —12y) = 4 Fle ty +4x—12y) = £60) dx? dy dy 460 oe Y Substitution of (x, y) = (4,2) into (1) yields a -2'3 slope of CCP, and the slope ofthe tangent at P are negative re- ciprocals of one another, they are perpendicular to cach other ‘or =, Since the slope of the radius, }) Since translation preserves slope, the general case canbe developed using circle of radius r, centred at the origin, The equation of this eirele is x2-+y? = 72 Consider a point P on the circle with coordinates (x, 9). The slope ofthe radius CP is given by 2 a) Determine the slope of the tangent tothe citcle a P dap nes Rese dedyt dy _ art de dy dx de @ y ‘Since (1) and (2) are negative reciprocals of one an- other, the slope of the tangent at point P to a circle with centre C is perpendicular to the radius CP.Section 5.3 Page 290 Question 7 ection 53 Page 290 Question 8 Determine the slope of the tangent tothe orbit, 4 oned . Lone dan «satay - oo ) wena Zen 4 atest) Lan & vy a vi Dae Dano ya * we aw 1b) K must be positive, because P, V, and T are all pos- itive in the equation PV = kT (T is measured in Kelvins). a a 4 9 Sov = te ) FeV = ZED) vip wT wear a a av vy Pep art? ar * ap wv kis positive since “ is positive and ” ase dt Fromthe dat give, th gear point,onthe lie cat be asigned the coorinats P(x, Vi00—2) Tae coordinates of he moon are M(-S.20). To xe ce th signal he og of PM nh loge the tangent a Pet be ea “ax __y-20 y RSS atx [00-20 Vio-me ax +5) = Vid =a ( VIO - 20) mt =x = 100 ~ 442 —20 (IO) Vino x45 xi 42x-18=0 (+ 9-3) =0 x=-Sor3 The satellite must be at (3, YI00=4G)F) = (3,8) or (-8. VI00=4HF) = (5.0), 5.3 Implicit Differentiation MAR 279Section 53 Page 290. Question 9 (25(x* — y2)) de ay? ay hb a 4 ag2-4y2?) = 4 Fore) =F diety* (a. dy dy 2 Wee (2 OB) 5 tern (ats 8) ( ( saw +7) (sen) <25( ( sey (vege 402 +9) (x yt) =2s a) D (ayo +57) + 25y) = 25-400 49) ay _ x (25-408 +y) BaF 435) 1b) Substitute the coordinates (~3, 1) into the result from part a). 3 (25-4((-3)* +1°)} dy IR TCS ax” T((-3P +P) +28) -3(-15) oS “RB Determine the equation of the tangent. 13y- 13 = 9x 427 9x —13y +40 =0 The equation of the tangent is 9x ~ 13y +40 = 0 6) The slope is horizontal when = 0, Thus, rs (25-4002 +92) | AGP + y+ 25) 25 Ax ty") =O, x #0,y 40 25 ty that is also on the lemmniscate will have a horizontal tangent. Find the points Any point onthe circle x? + y? = = of intersection of the circle and the lemniscate. Substitute (1) into (2). 280 MHR Chapter 5Section 5.3 Page 290 Question 10 a) 1 ) by Substitute the coordinates ($, 2%) into the result from pasta. » a =-vi Determine the equation ofthe tangent. 1 ~A(-) 8y—3V3 = -8V3x4 V3 8V3x 4 8y-4y3 =0 2V3x+2y— V3=0 The equation of the tangent is 2V3x +2y — v3 = 0. 9 wy i a 5.3 Implicit Differentiation MR 281Substitute (1) into x3 + y¥ = 1 and solve for x, Bae “yi @ Substitution of (2) into (1) yields the points with coordinates Section 5.3 Page 290 Question 11 syexy=2 a Substitute (2) into (1) and solve for x door, Avy) = 2a Potter e2 dy de yoy a stext-2=0 % yee, BPR ER (= Dot +2)=0 yd yk ayext-o Botso * e #1 8) a My tx) =o Bay? oy Substitute (3) into (2) and solve for y. fy __y@ay tb) yea &xGy4D y ‘The slope of the tangent to xy! + xy = 2is 1 at vx (1-1 and (1, Determine points where the slope ofthe tangent is — a Ben en yee @ 282 MHR Chapter 5Section 5.3 Page 290 Question 12 @ @) 4 Since the product of the derivative results in (2) and (4) yield ~1, the families of curves defined in (1) and (3) are ‘orthogonal Section 5.3 Page 290 Question 13 Tae relaton as 9 solsions, y= VST ner of whichis dieemale sth rgn, The slope ofthe tangent cane dtermind by consiering only igh leet (0,0) fry = Ws? = rom fi pines, Let P(x. Vs? = hea point on the function y= Ws? = 4. Let mbe the slope ofthe tangent the rg, m= lim slope of OP ‘The slope of the tangent atthe origin between the first and third quadrants is 1. A similar approach reveals the slope ‘of the tangent between the second and third quadrants is 5.3 Implicit Differentiation MAR 2835.4 Related Rates Practise Section 5.4 Page 298 Question 1 de de die ae ae dae at x de atta dx =F ex+4) 1 Fort) w 4 Substitute & = 10 and x = 5 into (1), a ar 1012(5) +4] 140 Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 5.4 Page 298 Question 4 Let A be the area of a square with side length x, in metzes. A=x) a) Dierentiat both sides of (1) wit respect to time. dA det de aoe dt ex - Axe 2) a sabstiue x = 6and = 250 2) aA a 2(6)(2), 14 ‘The area of the square is increasing atthe rate of 24 m/min, 284 MHR Chapter 5 Section 5.4 Page 298 Question 3 Vearh a Substitute r = h into (1). Va a(h*h V=ah @ Differentiate (2) with respect to time. av _ dah? dh a dh at ah = 30k 3 3 8) av Substitute = —5 and h = 2 into (3) bstitwte A i) ah —s=3e 4 $= 34(2)°F dh a Section 54. Page 298 Question 5 ‘This is similar to Example 1 on page 292, The baseball will be ejected with the same speed as a point on the circumference of either wheel. Thus, dx a an oe w whe dx e © ig the speed of the ball, in metres per F 6 P* second nd 2 tec otaig oh hes, is 60 cm, or 0.6 m, Substitute this information into @, so an F = 20.0) ‘The wheels must tum at approximately 4.42 rev- lutions per second for the ball to be ejected at 60 kaw,Section 5.4 Page 298 Question 6 ‘The lumber, wall, and floor form a right triangle defined by the relation x? + y dan 4 deta yy = 408 ae yy qo ao by alo od a w When x =2, y= V16—2 or 2V5. Substitute x = 2, dx = 2V3, and & = 2 imo ch y at to (1), wy 2 fh aaa 1 Ws L of + or approximately 0.144 mys wars ly ‘The top of the ladder is sliding down the wall at a Section 54 Page298 Question 7 4) Since the surface area of the sun is increasing atthe rate of $000 kmm/year, we have 50001 = AS aw ‘To achieve a 10% increase in the radius ofthe sun, (1) becomes 0001 = 4r(r + 0.1F)* — dar? n(n)? = bar =0.84ar* 0.84er 3000 Substitute the radius of the sun today, r = 700 000, into (2) 0.847(700 000)? 5000 258.615 907 @ ‘The sun’s radius will increase by 10% in approximately 258 615 907 years day 4 (pp toned (Ser » 5 -3(¥") © a gent ae «5 rom Example 2, when r= 1000000, $f = 5S year " & ~ 30005 “™* WF oan 000 000)? =e a 300%, = 25x 10° ‘The sun’s volume is increasing ata rate of 2 x 10° km*/year when r = 1 000 000 km. 5.4 Related Rates MHR 285©) First, determine the volume, V, of the sun today. Let d be the density of the sun and m be mass of the sun, a= @ Substitute m = 2 x 10" and (1) into (2) 2x10" 1aa7 x 10" 39x 10 The density of the sun is approximately 1.39 x 10! kg/km’. 4) So a6 nota confseit with he dferenation symbol, tp represent density 44cm a> a(F) avo av vt a Substitute 2.5 x 10? into (1). 2X asx 10%) dt (1.437 x 108) 2421 ke ‘The density ofthe suns dereasing at asate of approximately 2421 = cm year 286 MHR Chapter 5Section 5.4 Page 298 Question 8 a) The volume, V, of water can be expressed as 1 v yerh a 3 Simply (1), Since, —“S a r @) Substitute (2) into (1 seine aa? 10 §:(2)s ae — Jes 5 100 eo Ditferemate (3) wit espe to time, dV _ 3m dh* dh 100 Gh at b) From (4), ony ah ® 0 a Me pth 4 subsite = -1 min nth =2 mine rma av Substitute = 1.5 m*/min and h = 7 m into (4) stitute bh = 7 minto (4) ay an 9" ah a = 2 ep th Ise Os is Mls dh °* Too ar ah 50 a 147e 50 ‘The water level is rsing at 7 m/min. Section 54 Page 299 Question 9 ‘The positions of Coffee World, Kruno, and Zarko form a right triangle defined by the relation x? + y* = foray) axa dy aay at ay a a dy S48 dx 2x 4.94 G2 @ ‘Two minutes after they leave Coffee World, Kruno has bladed 40 m and Zarko has cycled $2 m, AL this instant, the distance, s, between them is 40" + SE or VESOE me, Perform the espestve substitutions into (1), 40020) + 52026) = van04 ds _ 2152 a aoe =328 ‘The distance between Kruno and Zarko is increasing at a rate of approximately 32.8 m/min, 5.4Related Rates MHR 287Section 5.4 Page 299 Question 10 ‘The area, A, of a citcle of radius r is given by A w @ 4 re) a =r ‘The area within the circle is increasing at a rate of T2a em*/s after 4's Section 5.4 Page 299 Question 11 For prs ano se te mot «2 Kilometres. = <4 droped nBrample l isance ae mend a a 4) Given x = 0.45 and y = 06, determine z by Given x = 03 and y = 04, determine z ee4y gaxtey 04s? +068 ox 408 = 0.5625 =025 12-4075 :=405 a a Distances ace positive, so z = 0.75. Solve for Distances ate positive, so z = 0.5. Solve for ances are post a posit a (0A5)(-49) + (016-60) = (0115) (03)(-45) + (0.4(-60) = (05) # Las & Las a a The distance between the two cars is decreasing at The distance between the two cars is decreasing at arate of 75 kv arate of 75 km ©) Given x = 0.15 and y = 0.2, determine z. ayy? = 0.15 40.2" Distances are positive, so z dy Solve for a (0.15)(~45) + (0.2)(-60) = (0 & a “The distance between the two cars is decreasing at a rate of 75 knw, 4) The results are equal because the initial positions of the cars are inthe ratio 3 : 4 for all three parts ©) Answers will vary. 288 MHR Chapter 54 Let the starting position of A be (xo, 0) and the starting position of B be (0, yo). In Example 4 and in parts ), b), 4 xp. Since vehicle A is wavelling toward the origin at 45 kaw/b, x = xp — 451. Since x3 and), 22 =}, or y= yo a vehicle B is travelling toward the origin at 60 km/h, y = yp — 604 x9 — 450)? + (y0 — 608)" = 45y' (Son) 25 2 pro" = 250x0t + 56250 Tio! — 250xot + S625 Bee = 90xot + 2025) 25, : Foxe 450) 2 Ist Fo0-459 Sas 45) 75 ‘Thus, ifthe starting positions are inthe ratio 3 : 4, the distance between the cars is decreasing al arate of 75 kmvh, Section 5.4 Page 299 Question 12 1) The volume, V, of a cube of side length x is given _b) Let v xepresent the value ofthe crystal, in dollars byV =x, vex i) a das, 5) = 0) Ora ® ade dx a ae a a_i nde Fos @ dx 5 ubstitute x = 2.3 and = 0.01 into 6) Substitute x = 2.3 and * = 0.01 into (2) dx Substitute x = 2.7 and & = 0.01 into (5) stitute at ©, 3) a 2 a 12(2.7°(0.01) The volume of the cube is increasing at a rate of = 087 0.1587 mm/s ‘The value of the crystal is increasing at the rate of $0.87. 5.4 Related Rates MHR 289Section 5.4 Page 299 Question 13 Let Ibe the length of Faye's shadow. Let x be the distance from Faye to the base ofthe sensor light. Faye's walking lex 375 31= 1540) al+x Jax w y Let p be the positon of the tip of Faye's shadow. xtl @) 3 Substitute (1) into (2) porte 2x ° Differentiate (3) with respect to time, _ ax TS f-ae o TP Substitute = 0.5 ito (4), ® x05 F205) =1 ‘The tip of Faye’s shadow is moving at arate of 1 mis. Section 5.4 Page 299 Question 14 dx Let x be the distance from the dog to the building. The dog’s running rate can be expressed as “* = —I mis, Let ybe the height of the dog's shadow on the building. Use propetis of similar triangles to obtain y(3) os T= 7 Tox o Disferentiate (1) with respect to time, dy 7 d(l4-x)! dl4—x dx aden de at 2 dx = -7(14 = x)7(-1) a 1 as = & 2) (4— dt @ Substi 5 a 1 (2). Substitute x= Sand = -1 into wo a a The height fhe dg’ how one buling is ecresng ath ate of Zl whe he oi $m rm he vale 290 MHR Chapter 5Secon $4 Page299 Quaton 15 2 ovr = Fh. Thus, = san a Differentiate (1) with respect to time, t. @ Substitute & = 700 and & = 0.01 into (2). V4 ne & - F200) _ 19.6008 3 Since lava erupts from the voleano at 20 000 m/s, not al of tis staying onthe slopes, 20 090 - 20" = 15 158.3 ‘When the height is 700 m, the rate of lava spreading beyond the slopes is approximately 13 158.3 mvs b) The volume of lava around the slope is given by the thickness times the surface area of the lava, The surface area is R? — ar’, where R is the radius of the lava beyond the slopes, and r is the base radius of the volcano. Thus, V =020(R*— 7) “lec =026 (# -) @) Differentiate both sides of (3) with respect to time, 1 wv a -o2r (2a 4) susie 291583, 4=- 705 9 #001 ams 583020 (2150028 ‘ 151583-=02¢ (20 Fca00y000)) an Reno ‘The lava flow is approaching the villages at arate of 21.0 mis 5.4 Related Rates MHR_ 291Review of Key Concepts 5.1 Composite Functions Section Review Page 301 Question 1 a) b dD (Feg-4) = f(gi-4) © (Fen) = fe) 5) 8) (Fe NO) =fF@) Section Review Page 301 Question 2 a= 3, and ~3 isnot in the domain of f(x) Section Review Page 301 Question 3 ‘Answers may vary, Ie g(x) = x +12 and f(x) = YF, then FO) = (F020) (e) = set 1D) =Vxe2 292. MHR Chapter 5 je NQ=sF2) Q hy) (gog(-11) = Qt = 4-19) = £3) 3) 43 +3 =9 9 (ee NG) = sf) FOx+3) . <4) ess (S Ber 2x47 Rea (6-11) +3) 2-19) +3, 3843 35 Section Review Page 301 Question 4 1 HO = MeO) = 5 1 JOx+D= a By comparison of both sides of (1), fx) = +Section Review Page 301 Question § 2) Theras ean beexpesedasy = 0211 =f 1b) The volume of the hailstone can be expressed as V 9 (Wen =Ver() @ (V or)(60) = ‘co 2738 ‘The volume of the hailstone after 1 his approximately 7238 mm’ V() represents the volume, in cubic millimetres, after t minutes. Section Review Page 301 Question 6 a) Determine f-1(x), Determine §-"(x). sO) ss) = 3841 y yoix¢l Interchange x and y Interchange x and y x x=-tytl Solve for y. Solve for y mays i (Fe S70) = fF) i) (te Ae) =f) =1(ve=3) =r (e 43) = (ves) +5 - Faose8 =x, x € [0, 400) ii) (ges )G) = 86") » “) -3(22)4 =x-1+l x 1b) The composition of a function with its inverse results in x. ©) Arguments will vary Review of Key Concepts MHR 2935.2 The Chain Rule Section Review Page 301 Question 7 a) y=Gt-s0° b) ysGt-5y Y= (CP $3PPECSa) +307 N REA) + SHY? Let -55)) yar = 15x54 75x4— 125% A sy? ate aot = 5x)? dex Bo Fosse 4154-1250) Wey x — T5x* 4 300" — 3753" = 30x? = Sex 5) ©) The answer in part b) expands to the answer in part a). Explanations will vary Section Review Page 301 Question 8 dy _dQx+8)" d2x48 a) z = » dea ae =20x48)-2 oxen =8( +4) dy _ d(xt 45x) dx4 + 5x a d2xt-2 9 aa a = 3a 45x) ds 45) = dest= 2)-4 165? ah +5 3 16x? B(x + Sx) =i 3Yax* - 27 ) dy _ d6x2 44x) d 6x? ax ° dx d 6x? +4x dx = foe Hay t at) awe Section Review Page 301 Question 9 a) dy _ dQxt-2x3? dxt-204 ») dy d(x? 48x-6)? dx? 48x Base > ae 6 Fe) Fat +8x- 6)" x +8) = 4x°(x - 22x - 3) x44 Vet +8x—6 ° dy _ dP + 908 dx +x to? dxttx-10 dy 49x, dx a = S(x? + 9x)*Gx? +9) dx 294 MHR Chapter 5dy acted ae deei2 dx ° a) dA _ dar dr a a & w Substitute 7 @ When r = 40 m, the area is increasing at the rate of 0.24 m"/min or approximately 0.754 m/min 5.3 Implicit Differentiation Section Review Page 301 Question 11 a)i) 9x + y* = 36 yrs 36-90? yatv3e— 98 dy _ ,dQ6- 9x2) 036 —9x? ae HE & 1 = 42 G6 - 9x £566 ay daa! de ae » ae dx Ge -4) » dy _ de 6x1 dx box a detox de Les gout Gx 3 Hoy? BP +H) 1b) Determine the radius of the circular bloom, five hhours later. A= (40)? + 5(60)(0.242) = 1672" Determine the radius of the bloom at this time. 1672 = i872 Qa) Substitute (2) and (3) into (1). dr 0.240 = 24 V16T2 dr 0.12 a Vier 0,002.93, Five hours later, the radius is increasing atthe rate of approximately 2.93 m/min, ii) doe += £00 a9x? dy? dy _ 436 ae Re ay 64272 <0 ay _-18x xy ay ay b) If the relation cannot be expressed explicitly in terms of x, then implicit differentiation isthe only possible way to Review of Key Concepts MHR 295Section Review Page 302 Question 12 4 (py 2, a a + 4 (wy panty) = Lay » al Fey 44x'y) = 20 dt dy? dy _ 25 d4xt dy _ dd det dy de dx HR te ay 4 yy ant 2 a4 2yZ =0 3) ay Z 4 yBs) 442 am ay x as, 2) ayt = Boxy + 4x) = -3x'y' - x g--3 Deaxty say) =a)" — bry 4 __yGry+8) dx ~~ Dxixyeay “7° a a © = (2° +7?) = = ) a? v) mom sdxt cody dy. dx 4 dy _ 420 adx’ ydy? dy d29 TR ROR wy ke 509, 2(3y2) YOn+POy)2 +0) 402 +00 +H@)2 =0 4 oy 4 242 Dey 42x Fer F209) wey a +e a 3 a FOE ty x 6x4 89) = ZO) dx | dy dy d6x | dB} a ® e w y 2x + yD) + xy") 296 MHR Chapter 5Section Review Page 302 Question 13, > 4 ‘ 4 an 4yqr? 2) = 4 Zoey? +0 +4") = 203) 4a+D dy +a? dy _ 413 & ay dx de 2x +1) +207 ir) Substitute (x, 9 ‘The slope of the tangent at (2, -2) is fi) Determine the equation of the tangent. --y=-o-2 Dy +4=-3x 46 3x+2y-2=0 ‘The equation of the tangent is 3x + 2y iti) 4 4 »b) i) = (y+ 2xy) = (20) at ‘y) a ) dy? dy dx | dy 420 oy ParReed)- 2 ty ay ay @ gry 42x 0 yD 4 ay + 20 wy s ) m a) Substitute (x, y) = (3, 2) into (1). 4 ‘The slope of the tangent at (3,2) is ~ ii) Determine the equation of the tangent. a2 yo2=-5-3) 9y-18=-2x+6 2x4 9y—24=0 ‘The equation of the tangent is 2x + 9y — 24 = 0. itt) Review of Key Concepts MHR 297oi 2 The slope ofthe tangent at (1, ~4) is — i) Determine the equation of the tangent 12 yo) =-Fe-D Ay +188 = =12x 412 12x 447) +176 =0 ‘The equation of the tangent is 12x-+47y-+17 PEE TOR 12x-+47y +176 = 0 \ 298 MHR Chapter 5 4 a 4 (x29) 4 xy 430) = 40) artes xo ady’ dy | dx, dy _ d(-30) dy aa a ae aytssiyteyrsZeo ay dx” Sey ex Substitute (x, 9) = (~6,—1) into (1). 3(-O(=1F + (-8) iu ©" 102, mn The slope ofthe tangent at (~6,—1) is —TT5, fi) Determine the equation of the tangent u CD =-Fye-C9) O2y +102 = =11x — 66 11x + 102y + 168 = 0 y ‘The equation of the tangent is IIx + 102y + 168 = 0, Hx 4 102y + 165.4 Related Rates Section Review Page 302 Question 14 Substitute ‘into (1), @ Differentiate (2) with respect to time. @) Substitute“ = 4 and h = 6 into (3). irate = = ). Section Review Page 302 Question 15 Let x be the distance from the man to the building. The man’s walking rate can be expressed as yy be the height of the man's shadow on the building Y= 075 mie Let Soe properties of sir iangles to obtain) i * x 24 a Y= Ty ) Diente (3) with repel ime atx ax ma ay. a aw a @ as Substitute v = 4 and & = ~0.75 into (2), Substitute 4 id 0.75 into (2). 9 ‘The height ofthe man's shadow on the building is decreasing at the rate of > m/s when the man is 4 m from the building, ° Review of Key Concepts MHR 299Section Review Page 302 Question 16 ‘The positions of the park, Cassandra, and Marissa form a right triangle defined by the relation x* + y a ‘Cassandta’s position and velocity can be interpreted as x dx & = ~52 m/min, respectively. Mariss a respectively eed sy = 1200 mand = 8 mini eelyAte required instant, the distance, d, between them is 1800? + 1200? or {600 TS m, Perform the respective substitutions into (1). 800 m and 's position and velocity can be 1800(—32) + 1200(-26) = 60013: a ds 148 a VB = 41.05 T distance between the girls is decreasing atthe rate of approximately 41.05 nv/min, Section Review Page 302 Question 17 ‘The sled, wall, and ground form a right triangle defined by the relation x? a When x = 1, y = V1.55— 1? or VI2S. Substitute xe Ly=VIa5,and & = 015 into), ‘The top of the sled is sliding down the wall at arate of approximately 13.42 emis. 300 MHR Chapter 5Section Review Page 302 Question 18 a) vader ») Vea a) ‘Substitute h = 10 mm (a), dy 4 (4, te 40-4 (ix) Y= aP(i0) ir V = 10077 2) Maat w @ aa Differentiate both sides of (2) with respect to time ar Substitute r = 1 and & = 0.15 into (1 stitute at to (1), wv 5 Sp = 44(1)20.18) 0.6% @ ar Substitute r = 1 and & = 0.15 into (3) bs 5 ). ‘Air should be pumped into the balloon at the rate of wv 0.6 mm'/s or approximately 1.885 mm/s. FZ = 20n(1)(0.15) Se Air should be pumped into the balloon at the rate of 3 rmom'/s or approximately 9.425 mm'/s Section Review Page 302 Question 19 cr w Differentiate both sides of (1) with respect to time, 1 d é a car Pde Wen ¥ = 80and P= 18, C= 48080 67, subsite C= 9750, P= 80a = Si 2) wasn # . 15045 oF @ At tis instant, the volume is decreasing at the rate of 45 cm/min Review of Key Concepts MHR 301Chapter Test Section Chapter Test Page 303. Question 1 a) fG)=F-3 by Fle(-2)) = (-6(-2) +5) =f (1245) =9-3 =6 AD gfx +2) = gx +2-3) = 508 +4x4 0) = 60x Hd + +S 6x 24x 6 45 = 6x8 = 24x = 1 Section Chapter Test Page 303 Ques No, Examples will vary Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 4 a) (£9 80) = Fs) (Qx-3) 1 x3 ©) No, s(1.5) = 0 and f(0) isnot defined =1P-3 = 286 ©) (2 fx) = sf) = s(-6x+5) an = (6x +5)? = 36x! — 60x +25 fox? — 60x +22 D (ee s)(-3) = (6-3) (0-3) = £(-6(-3) +5) = 60x =3) +5 = #2) 6x2 4 18+5 -6(23) +5 = Hot +23 -133 Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 3 Hix) = Vix=2 (fogs) = VIx=2 Sig) = VIx=2 Vee) = View? w ‘Comparing both sides of (1) suggests g(x ») (ee fx) = s(F) “0 alos A) Dy = (ee R |x #0), Ry = (yER|y £0}: Dp = RR AR ©) Dye = (ERIN ATS), Rye = (YE RLY £0}: Dyas = (Z ERIE £0}, Rey Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 5 a) f= 3x-7 ys3x-7 Interchange x and y Solve for y 302 MHR Chapter 5 = (ERI 4-3) »b) Ye SY) = FF) (5) (2-1 (Fe PV) =x ©) Yes. Composites of mutual inverses always yield the identity line.Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 6 dy dP 2x) de +204) dy _ det tx—3y' dv tx—3 2 Rae DR mars = 3x? + 2x4)72x + 82°) = H1Gt hx — 3)? x4), 2x4! @ax—pP 9 Bedale tot dxt4ae Mos ON de 46x a dstaax a a dvyox | de 1 (x3 + 6x) Bx? +6) Lita set ae got e3yrt de +3) 443 2x +35 p Bade sorta de t6e—9 te AF) & = 4(8 6x! —)'Sx4 4 18x? = 1) 2 Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 7 4) v= Sar av a av a a av Substitute r = 12 and 2 = 3 into (1), Substitute ¢ = 12 and > = -3 into (1 ar a Terai dein eae ot ni Chater Tea MER 308Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question & 4 a) Determine % ) dx (x42) dx y= 3% dy 3 _ a2 ayo} de dx 5 dy Ux+2+27- HF =0 % 5 2 a 1,2) into (1). » a Determine the equation of the tangent mx) = 1-1) =x4l =o The equation of the tangent is x — ‘% ) Determine ©. 10 ady dx dy dS _ dO rt 4 BX 4S 8 ea ae a ae ae 2 ray) ay 4x) +2220) 4 y(3) 432% 40-0 Vax) +27 OF +y(0) +302 4 ag Boyt 39 = by 39 a Substitute (x, y) = (1, =1) into (1). ay _ ~4(=1 = 3-1) & OOP BO 1 5 Determine the equation ofthe tangent. m(x- x) 7 Fa-0 Oy +9 = Te - Jx-9y-16=0 “The equation of the tangent is 7x — 9y — 16 = 0. 304 MHR Chapter 5wy Determine &. ° & eo ay wy a ay qd dy axt43y°2 = 52) 4002 43S =) + 09% a Deaxe —3 Pax + 5p) = 2y ay a 1 2 a) Substitute (x, y) = (1) into (1). dy 3a? a 30-20) Determine the equation of the tangent. yoy =m =x) 6 beemine a ay? wae Substitute (x, y) = (-3, —2) into (1). Determine the equation of the tangent. ay +8 xtdy+ 11 ‘The equation of the tangent is x 4 4y +11 = 0. Chapter Test MHR 305Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 9 Let S'be the surface area of the spherical comet, in metres. Sadar i Bigg a a ar = bart a Substitute r = 5000 and a ar a 1 ‘The radius is decreasing at the rate of [=> m/min or approximately 0.001 99 m/min, Section Chapter Test Page 303 Question 10 ‘The liquid maintains a conical shape throughout the entire filling activity such that the volume can be expressed as Ley Va tarh a From the dimensions of the tank, mS oa Sh nF Q Substitute (2) into (1) and simplify. shy? ge ln ashe Te, 8) Differentiate (3) with respect to time, t av _ 25m dh G2 a ah = ” a wv Substitute h= 3 and = 1.2into 4) 25x(3)? dh ea dh _ 1.2064) a” Se = 0.109 ‘The level ofthe water is rising at the rate of approximately 0.109 nv/min, 306 MHR Chapter 5Challenge Problems Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 1 L(g) = ht) 4(g(o) 3 = 4x = 21 4g(x) = 4x? - 18, age =4 (x22 so)=4(2-3) 9 5) = Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 3 a) FOO) =(f 996 F(x) = (E00) FQ) = FE) wo Perform the required substitutions in (1) and simplify. FQ) = (ee) LOA) = 124) 248 Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 4 ay 4) Determine ® for 2x? + : ae ext a ae a 4x4 ie oy ay 1 z a Determine the point(s) of intersection of the two rela- tions. rity =3 3) Hy. x30 4 Substitute (4) into (3) at yxs3 axtex-3=0 Qx+9O-)=0 Since x > 0, there is only one solution. x=l o Substituting (5) into (4) yields (1, 1) and (1,—1) as points of intersection, Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 2 (Fo s)(x) = A) S(8()) = ht) f8x+69)= 45 1 8x +6) = IEx+6)= 7 (Bx +6) +3, a L By comparing both sides of (1), (0) = ») HO) = (9 NO) HO) = 8(f09) HG) = FEO) aw Perform the required substitutions in (1) and simplify. Way= says’) = FFB) ‘To continue, a value for g/(/(1)) is required Determine 2 for & a a dx dx éy 122 ae dy 1 wit 2 dx dy ° Svbning (1.1) (1) ad ld gs of -2 wot bogey Sine 232 =, he xe we dingeal arb Subting (11) nto (1) and) espe Zant reese Sie 2x (2) ==h te ‘curves are orthogonal at (1, —1). Challenge Problems MHR 307Determine s(x) for g(x) = 2+ Bom 2 dx +2 d(x — 4x) (8 4g (G8 = 4x G8 ~ 4x)(1) - (x + 2)(2x - 4) 7 (8 — 4x)? w wade 260-4) aay ia de- 28 48 @ 1 Substitating x = 2 into (1) and (2) yields slopes of 1 and ~ 7, respectively. Since 1x (-7) # —1, the curves are not ‘onthogonal at (2, ~1). Determine any other points of intersection of the two relations, (= Do&-=0 x=2or7 2 ‘ 3 Secon Cag: robles Page Question Let A be the area of the triangle. Let h be the altitude of the tiangle. Let 6 be the base of the triangle. Determine 6, for the given instant a @ Differentiate (1) with respect to time, dA _1(,db ah a 5 (Ge) 8) Substitute 2) and the given information into (3). 1/1028 + om , i (0 +n) 6) 10 “16 ‘The base ofthe triangle is decreasing at the rate of 1.6 em/min at the given instant 308 MHR Chapter 5Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 6 v= at dv Pdr a a P = eo Pr aE a Substitute the given information into (1). dy __400(0.003) & ~~ 20002) ‘The velocity gradient is approximately —75 emv/slem. Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 7 dy Determine ® for y = aT : dy dept as Lar(s Foy ap x6 _ 120 4) DE GF De=5) ~2x(x— 6) = (x? + 2x? +3) 2x! + Ie = 2x8 + 5x2 43 det Tx 12x43 =0 Ta (x-DQx +27 49-3) =0 Determine the roots. xsl o 2x' 42x? 49x30 @ 2 P(6,-2) From (1), on sion isthe pot (1,5). Using a graphing elute to solve 2) suggest x ssondslation a approximately (x,y) = (0.306,0.914) Challenge Problems MHR 309Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question & Sg) = 4x = 12x +6 SOx —3) = 4x = 128 49-3 Qx-3F 3 a By comparing both sides of (1), f(x) = x* 3 and, hence, f(2) = 2? ~ 3 or L. Section Challenge Problems Page 304 Question 9 ‘The relation y* = x? ~ x* has both even and odd symmetry. First consider the function y = V/x Via -20) = 30 -2x°y 30 4x? 44x4) = 3-12? + 12x = 1axt— ix? +420 a) @ 6) @ so ston, Seeing) in hein sei») = (ayf3-+°2) saan 310 MHR Chapter 5CHAPTER 6 Extreme Values: Curve Sketching and Optimization Problems 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions Practise Section 6.1 Page 317 Question 1 a) £=0 2-x=0 x=2 Since f'(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (~20, 2) and (2, 0). 9 Fa =0 (+93) =0 xe33 Since /'(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that eed to be tested are (~20,~3), (3.3), and G. 2») 9 sO) =0 x FD(C+3)=0 x=0,-2, or—3 Since f'(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (20, —3), (-3,-2), (2,0), and (0, o0), ® Fa =0 Bx 4 12x 49 xi4dy43=0 (+ DG +3) <0 x=-lor -3 Since "(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (~20,—3), (-3,-1), and (-1,o0). ») f'@=0 334-0 34x=0 xo-3 Since /"(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (ve, ~3) and (3, 26) a Since /'(x) isa polynomial, there are no discontinue ites. The intervals that need tobe tested are (~20,—1) and (-1, 09). 5 £@=0 -Y(x- Do-2=0 (x= Ye -2) x=0,1, or2 Since /"(x) is @ polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (—2, 0), (0,1), (1,2), and (2, 28) b) £@=0 4x° — 127 - 16x =0 3x8 4x0 x(x? =3x-4) =0 x(x+D@-4) =0 x=0,-1, ord Since f"(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (~c0, —1), (1.0), (0,4), and (4,20). 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions MAR 311