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    Calculus 12 Solutions Ch 8

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    Calculus 12 Solutions Ch 8

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    9 views56 pages

    Calculus 12 Solutions CH 8

    Uploaded by

    Tom S
    Calculus 12 Solutions Ch 8

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 56
    Section Challenge Problems Page 484 Question 7 ‘The nth derivative of g(x) = e* is 2 *, and ¢(0) = 1. Determine the best quadratic approximation Determine the best cubie approximation f(x) sax? + bx te Sx) s ax tox texted S'(x) = Dax +b C+ 2bx te Fw) =20 (x) = 6ax +26 Determine a $x) = 60 FO) = 8") Determine a. ?a=1 £0) = 80) a= 6a=1 2 1 Determine . 3 @ £0 =e@ Determine 2a(0) + b= 6° roy bot 6(0) +26=° Determine ¢ joan sot =s 2a(0}" + (0) +e=e" Determine , esl , £O=8O 3a(0)? + 2(0) + =e” “The quadtatic polynomial that best approximates =1 g(0) =e atx =0i8 f(x) = dx txt L Determine d, £(0) = g(0) a0)? + BOO)? + (0) + ‘The cubic polynomial that best approximates g(x) ax=0issey= tether deel Observations may vary Tea a £0) Observations may vary. 510 MHR Chapter 7 Section Challenge Problems Page 484 Question & ) From problem 7, the quadratic function that approximates g(x f@=ae axl and the cubic function is B) 5, = D) x’ is a goomettic series with a = 1 and Asn > 0,87) 4 Oif-1. “1 << oe hE Section Challenge Problems Page 484 Question 9 a) fas) = (142) b) dim fa) = fim (1+*)" =m [0427-3] = dim (142) Le) tin (14 = lim f,'G) 1 = lim £0) ©) For s(x) (3) = £9). Thus, lim f(x) = lim fq'(x) is evidence that lim fa(%) 512 MHR Chapter 7 CHAPTER 8 Trigonometric Functions and Their Derivatives 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas ‘Throughout this section, all angle measures are in radians unless otherwise specified Practise Section 8.1 Page 497 Question 1 b) sins" cos ‘cos 45° sin 15° = sin(45° + 15°) = sin60" a) sin 45° cos 15° — cos 45° sin 15* ©) 00s 45" cos 15° — sin 4S* sin 15* = cos(45* + 15*) 4d) cos 45" cos 15° + sin 4S* sin 15° = cos(45" — 15°) = 60860" = cos 30° al v3 3 ° ats) tund® =n sunt 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas MHR 513 9 M341 v541 Wa Wer 342341 rest 442v3 ava Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 8.1 Page 497 Question 4 82+ e0s xsin2 = -0.5 b) cosxeos 1 -sinxsin] = 0.4 sin(x + cos(x +1) = 0.4 x22 or x41 = 1.1593 oF 5.1239 x = 0.1593 or 4.1239 9 cos 3x c0s x= sin3xsin x = 0 cos(3x +x) cos(4x) = 0 If x € [0,2], then 4x € [0,8] ae = M2, ee (1,3,5,7.9,11,13,15) kn ke (13.5,7.9,11 13,15) 4) sin2xcosx — cos 2xsinx = 0 ©) 2eos(2+x)- V3=0 sin@2x —x) = 0 sin 2x cos 3x = =1 - cos 2x sin3x sin 2x cos 3x + cos 2x sin 3x = -1 sin(2x +3x) sin(Six If x € [0,2], then Sx € (0, 10] seo be (3,7,11,15,19) i. k © (3,7, 11,15, 19) S14 MHR Chapter 8 ® 0s 2x cos x = sin 2x sin x » 0s 2x cos x — sin 2xsin x = 0 cos(2x +x) =0 Ux (2) en 6106 ot be seo! peusen3.y Oe oe a xe eke {135,79 Up i) tan3x—tanx = 3(1 + tan3xtanx) tan 3x — tan T= tan3xtanx tan@3x =x) = 3 tan2x =3 2x = 1.2490, 4.3906, 7.5322, or 10.6738 x = 0.6245, 2.1953, 3.7661, or $3369 D cos Sx.cos x cease = con) = Use 24,61 He t= BE, (2.48, 10.14.16.2.2 26, 28,5090) x= HE ketaas.in ais 20.23.a528 2238 3(tanx + tan }) » 4sin2xc0sx = 4e0s2esinx +2 » Gees! (sin 2ec08.x ~ c082x-sinx) = 2 testa) 4 sin@x — x) = 0.5 tanxtant 3 sinx = 05 4 oS tangs +1) = 5 The Wx € (0,24) then x +1 € [1,20 +1} x +1 = 4.0689 or 7.2105 3.0689 or 6.2105 m) 6sinSxo0s3x = 3+ 6008Sxsin 3x 6(sin Sx cos 3x ~ cos Sxsin 3x) = 3 sin(Sx — 3x) = 0.5 Ix € [0,2], then 2x € [0,44]. 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas MHR 515 Section 8.1 Page 497 Question 5 a) They are equal (tana = 2 and tang » o=p-a 9 wna =2 tand = tan(g - a) @=11071 _ fanp=tana tnp=3 Trtanptane p= 12490 = 30? 3-2 “TOO tan? = aay Section 8.1 Page 497 Question 6 Determine /RUQ. In ATUP, -TUP = In ATRU, $~ 4 Since ZTUP + 2RUQ = 5, it follows that LRUQ = a. RU sing = coss= =RU (since RT = 1) =TU (since TR = 1) maTUR ARQ, cos in RQ osa= ae sina = RO TP RQ ~ wosb sins TP =cosacosb RQ= sinasind In ATRS, ts coat 6) = = TS. (ine TR =1) =1P-sP =TP-RQ = cos acosb sina sind Section 8.1 Page 497 Question 7 a) cos(# +x) = c0sc0s x ~ sin-wsinx b) sin +x) = sinwcosx + cos rsinx 1 -cos x= 0- sin =0-cosx + (1) -sinx ©) cos(e— x) = cos x cos x + sins sinx @)—sin(x — x) = sinw cos x ~ cos xsinx =1-cosx +0-sinx = 0+ c08x = (=1) -sinx 5 vant tanz tan ° snr) = ama tan __0-tanx. T30-tanx tan x 516 MHR Chapter 8 = sin cos. +00 = sin cos x 4008 2) oo(-$)oee 0. cosx-+(-1) sinx =1-c08x-+0-sinx Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 8 » sin(x ~ 30°) + e0s(60" — x) _ sin cos 30" — cos x sin 30° + c08 60" eos x + sin 60" sin SES cnn sn Oe HY ag sino" sin sin a oon30" and" ina £0 vv TTT va x) =tn(E 1 [ma % tax nS stan » tan tanx = 7 = Teun Zins tn Sun Letanx 1 ttn ox (Tn 1 d=tanx)* an 2tan x + tan? T= tan Section 81 Page 498 Question 9 a) Recall the identity sin®e + cos? a sin? x +03" sin? y + cos" y cod x = 1 = sats sint y= 1 cosy cosy = Vimain?x, cox >0 (1) siny= Vimeo. sny> 0) Substitute sin v = $ into (1). Substitute cos y = = into (2) ai y cons = siny= _ fe _ f= © VE7 35 ~ 18 _. [ie Vie 2 “TB. 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas MHR 517 b)i) sin(x+y) =sin i) xeos y +608 xsiny (3) (s)*@) (5) 2 os 56 iii) First, determine 36 oS van x and tan y 8) 4 Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 10 Recall the Pythagorean triple 3,4, 5 Fr =3 rom sinx = 3, x and tan x = 0, it fotiows that cos x = 4 b3] and cos y =~ 3 a | 0. a) sin(x — y) = sinxe0s y ~ cos xsiny ( -O@) 518 MHR Chapter 8 from tan y = ») cos(x ~ y) = cos x cos y + sin xsin y -(3) (5) (@) 15,48 ° 63 x+tany tang +9) = 6 = tan xtany Substitute (3) and (4) into (5). d+ it follows that sin y = cos(x + y) = eos xcs y ~ sinxsin y “C)-O0) tan. tan y ° tans =) = any Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 11 cos(x +h) — cos x a) i sing +) = sinx ») i Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 12 4 © costa +B) L Ginasin’ a) sec(a +5) Divide the numerator and denominator by cos a cos. 1 Sosacned sinasind cosacnsd Gesacosb ~ cosacasb secasecb natanB 08 x cos h~ sinx sin ~ cos.x i osx ~ sinxsink 7 _ c0sx(cosh = 1) ~ sinxsinh =) 0 () cosy (S8h=1 osx (SE sinxcosh + c0s x inh ~ sinx sine osx sink __ sinx(cosh 1) + cos x sink cota 9) L Sacosb + Sinasin’ Divide the numerator and denominator by cos a cos. 1 cosacesd sinasing cosacnsd cos acosb 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas MHR 519 Section 8.1 Page 498. Question 13 —_1_ sina) 1 Hin acosb+ cos asin’ a) ese(a +6) Divide the numerator and denominator by sin asin, Hnasind Hnacoss , cosasind Sinasinb ch Sot + cota Hina sind Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 14 costa+6) sina) _ cos acos b~ sinasin a) cola) Sin acosb + cos asind Divide the numerator and denominator by sina sin , cos.acosb — sinasin’ Sinasinb ~ Hinasind ‘snacosb | cosasinb Sinasinb ” sinasind catacotb— cota + oot Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 15 bv) esela 6) Hin acosb— cosasind Divide the numerator and denominator by sina sin, Hnasind Hnacosb cosasind Sinasin’ ~ Sinasinb scacseb cot cota costa) sinfa— 5) casacosb + sinasind Sin acos) b)— cot(a— 5) "os asin Divide the numerator and denominator by sina sin cosacoss | sinasin’ Sinasinb * Hinasind Sinacosb cosasinb Sinasinb sinasin’ cotacoth +1 cath cata a) sin(x + y) = sin(x — y) sin x cos y + cos x sin y = sin xos y— cos x sin y 2eos xsiny siny =0 “The equation is true for x such that cos x = 0 or sin y ») cc0s(x + y) = eos(x — y) cos xcos y~ sinx sin y = cos xcos y + sinx siny 2einxsiny siny =0 “The equation is true for x such that sin x 520 MHR Chapter 8 orsiny = 0. ° 2k any integer Section 8.1 Page 498 Question 16 4 fy, corx * cosy sinx cosy + siny cosx a) tnx ttany = ‘Osx C08 y cos cosy sinx + sin y = cos x +c0s y xt sinx + y = cos tant? z xty db) tanx—tany = cox cosy sin x cos y sin ycosx ‘05x 608 y sing cos x cosy 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas MHR 521 8.2 Double-Angle Formulas Practise Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 1 2) Wsinx osx = S@sinx cos») =5sindx ) (6x) cox(6x) = 4 sin26 F sins onto = 4 in2060 sin 12 O18 (8 cos -sin' $= x02 (2) = coso 228 oon (8 ® 1=2sint 2 oa (2) Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 3 a) 3sindx = 3sin2(2x) (2 sin 2x cos 2x) sin 2x e0s 2 9 1 ~ cos 8x = 1 - cos 2(4x) = 1-(1-2sin' 4x = 2sin? 4x a tan 4x = tan2@x) 2tan2x T= tan 2x Section 82. Page 503. Question § » sins = sn2(2) = 2sinX cos 2°83 522. MHR Chapter 8 Ssin(2x) cox(2x) = 5 ( 3 sin(22x)) 5 sing = Fs a 9 hb) 2e0s?G9-2)- 1 = c0s20-2) 03(60— 4) D) 6 eos6x = 6e052G3%) Expression 1 = 6(2e08" 3x = 1) = 120s 3x = Expression 2: = 6(1 ~ 2sin' 3x) = 6 = I2sin? 3x Expression 3: = 6(c0s! 3x — sin? 3x) = 6 cos? 3x ~ 6sin® 3x Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 5 a) cos 2x 4 cosx+1=0 ») 2eost x—L4+c0sx+1=0 ° cox = 0 cos x(2eosx +1) @ a Se In Un ‘The equation is true for x cos 2x = sin x 1 -2sin? x = sinx 2sin’ x +sinx—1=0 (Qsinx — 1)(sinx +1 2sinx — Sx 30 62 sinx = 6 sin 2x sinx = 6(2sin xcos x) sinx = I2sin x cos x sinx = 0 x20", or2e 1 = I2eosx 1 cosx= x = 14874 or 4.7958 ‘The equation is true for x = 0, 1.4874, 1, 4.7958, 2a ‘The equation is true for x = 0, 2, =, 4, 2%, 4* a ‘ Cee e sin 2x cos x +5 o) sin2x + sinx =0 2sinx cos x cos x + (sin? x — 1) 2sin x cosx + sinx 2sin x cos? x cos? x sin x(2eosx+ cos? x(2sinx — 1) = 0 sinx = 0 cosx = 0 x20, or2e 2eosx +1 =0 2sinx = cos x an de a The equation is tue for x = 0, 5,4, 3,20 ‘The equation is tue for x = £, 5, 2%, = 8.2 Double-Angle Formulas MHR 523 8) sindx—cos2x=0 h) Scos2x+2+cosx=0 sin 2x = cos 2x 3(2cos*x— 1) +2 +e0sx = 0 sindx _ 6c0s' x3 424 c08x=0 cos 2x 2 tan2x = 1 6008" x-+008x-1=0 ten 2 SEK gy We Qeosx + NBeosx—1) =0 xg a GE 2eosx+1=0 2 Sno be 1 eee cosx= 5 Seo, OB Qe de a Sn 9n | Ie Fog he equation is tue for x = 2, 24,2, o, B* 3 The equation is tue for x = £, 52, —E, or 2310 or 5.0522 Qe an equation is true for x = 1.2310, =, $5 0592, ‘The equation is true f as10, 2, sos: iD sin2x = J 2sinxcos x = cos2x sin 2x = cos 2x 2sinx cos x ax sinx cos 2x x tan2x = 1 2 cos x = 4 vi x3 Se Te ‘The equation is true for x TTS ae ‘The equation is tue for x = 0, © ® 3sin2x — cosx = 0 3(2sin x 08 x) — cos x = 0 6sinx cos x — cos x = 0 cos x(6sinx— 1) =0 Tae equations te forx = 0.1674, 2.9741, 524 MHR Chapter 8 7 3sinx + cos2x =2 3sinx +1 —2sin' x =2 2sin’ x -3sinx +1=0 (2sin x — 1)(sinx = 1) » 2sinx-1=0 1674 or 2.9741 ‘The equation is true for x m) = 13sinx = 208 2x 5—13sinx = 2(1 —2sin* x) 5=13sinx = 2—4sin’ x 4sin’ x= 13sinx 43 (sinx —3)(4sinx- 1) = 0 sinx -3 40 dsinx-1 = a 0.2527 or 2.8889 ‘The equation is tue for x = 0.2527, 2.8889. Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 6 Let d be the distance from the base of the pole to the anchor point ofthe ropes. In AABC, d=2ecosx or) In ABD, € cosde= $ d=3eos2x @ Equate (1) and (2) and solve for cos x 2eosx = 3cos2x = 3(2c08*x —1) = 6 cos? x3 bcos! x—2eosx-3=0 o Substitute (3) into (1). ‘The distance is approximately 1.79 m, 8.2 Double-Angle Formulas MHR 525 Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 7 a) sec28 = word cote sine costo cos? 6 Tan Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 8 a) sin36 = sin(@ +26) = sinB cos 26 + cos sin 28 = sin (1 ~ 2sin* 8) + cos 9(2sin 0 cos 9) = sin — 2sin* 9 +2sin8 cos? 9 = sind — 2sin? 0 +2sin9(1 sin* a) = sind —2sin’ 0 +2sind ~ 2sin’ 6 =3ssind — sin’ @ © tan30 = tan(o +20) tan +tan20 tan dtan 28 2tand tong + T= tanto 2ran’ ~ ten (24 — tanto tan0(1 ~ tan? @) + 2tand T= wntd Tand _ tang ~ tan! 6+ 2tand T-3tanto _ 3tan 8 tan? @ “Taste 526 MHR Chapter 8 ») sc 28 a2 1 ~ Taine cosd B) cos cos(6 +28) 0s 860s 20 ~ sin @ sin 28 = 008 (2c0s* 0 — 1) ~ sing(2sind cos 8) = 2cos* 4 ~ cos ~ 2sin’ 80s 0 2eos' 8 — cosd ~ 2(1 ~ eos" a) cos 2e0s? 8 - cos0 ~ 2c08 + 2c03°8 = 4e0s'9 — 3cos8 Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 9 a sin2@ = 2sin8 cos 8 £0520 = cos! @ — sin? @ 2sin@ 29 sin? 9) x 822 = Bene (cos? 0 sin? 0) x SEA sind cos? 0 sec? 0 ~ sin? sec? 0 sete = tanto Sane = =u 1H tanto Trine Tyne Section 82 Page 503 Question 11 Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 10 1 0 + cos 0 1 ° ° 5 2 eos? 26 — 1 —cos2@ = > 2 ay" ‘ ; . i ap = D2 VETTE, (sin* @ + cos? 6) + 2sin 8 cos = — cose = 2(16) i savin a 4 32, 2 = ost ct 3 a 20 = 2.4189, 3.8643, 8.7020 or 10.1475 0 = 1.2094, 1.9322, 4.3510 or 5.0738 cos @ = 0.3536 Section 8.2 Page 503 Question 12 a) Label the diagram as shown. Let r and h be the radius and height of the cone, in centimetres, respectively. Since CD is 30 cm, ACBD is isosceles and the measure of {CBD is also x. Since ACB is an exterior angle of ACBD, its measure is 2x. The length of AC can be expressed as h ~ 30 centimetres. bAcsA, sin . a cose = 30cos2x +30 +30 @ ve 8) Substitute (1) and (2) ito (3). -#(30 sin 2x)"(60 cos? x) = 18 000e sin? 2x cas? x ‘The volume of the cone is V = 18 000¢ sin? 2x cos* x em? 8.2 Double-Angle Formulas MHR $27 » ¥ = 9000" 18 0008 sin? 2x cos" x = 90000 2sin? 2x cos? x = 1 2(2sin x cos x)? cos? x = 1 8sin’ xeos' xcos? x = 1 Bcos! x(1 ~ cos? x) = 1 Beost x — Bcos*x = 1 Seos! x — Beostx +10 ©) The measuzes of the semivertical angles that yield a cone of volume 90007 cm ate x = 0.4523 and x = 0.7854. 528 MHR Chapter 8 8.3 Limits of Trigonometric Functions A numberof alton ht oow mak eth ofthe ein 8 = 1. is conimed as foow, tnx sinx tim 2 tim tim 2 Practise Section 8.3 Page 508 Question 1 a) » ° o 9 im 5 =f 1 “3 ® » Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 8.3 Page 509 Question 3 1) The results from part a) suggest lim “2* rn) sinx _0 Jim 32% = 2 m3 3 =0 sin3x 3sin3x be Hoe ‘Values of x close to zero may lead to roundoff error 8,3 Limits of Trigonomettic Functions MHR $29 Section 8.3 Page 509 Question 4 Section 8.3 Page 509 Question 5 tanéx 1) tnx 6 cose 1-2sint y= 1 lim 2 him £ 8) gy SOSPRA TE jigg 12S NT 2» lig 2B 6 rl 1 tanéx ~2sin® 3-6: tim sint x 20 Bee = lim 3 sinx m2) ) Explanations may vay. xe ) Explanations may vay. Section 83 Page 509 Question 6 sinacosh-+cosasin~ sina = ln SACOSH+ cos asink— sina 3 7h sina cosh sina + cosasink = lm SBACOSA sina + cos asin 3 h tin AHHH D hemes cosh sinh sina fim 9 5 cosa tim SM =sina-0+ cosa 1 Scetion 83 Page 509 Question 7 cosla+h)~ cosa _,, cosacosh = ling £08 46084 = sin asin ~ cos = h i =cosa-0— sing 1 Section 83 Page 509 Question 8 Section 83 Page 509 Question 9 tim ™*_ rim S0(608%) _ sin(eos0) im 88 _ J SB IT ace bel im 2% cose e050 By int Since the limit from the positive side of is not equal > to the limit from the negative side of O, the limit does i not exist = sin 530 MHR Chapter 8 Section 8.3 Page 509 Question 10 » mal) HAP wore cd Bod cost 1 x lim 8 3A = wt Seon + =t = tim 8 x0 eosx +) “in (5 a) sin(lan x) tan 9 tne sn Snctans) Baa Tim cos x sin(tan x) lim, sata” tnx Tim cos x Section 8.3 Page 509 Question 11 sinSx sin? Sx sin? 5 sin Sx a) b) lim ) Ent ax 3 Sint 2} sine ss) = %) 8,3 Limits of Trigonometric Functions MHR $31 sin? 3x @ oe ame ii sin’ 3x D % 70 tan? dx a 532 MHR Chapter 8 8.4 Derivatives of the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions Practise Section 8.4 Page S18 Question 1 dy _dsinidx +7) alex D » ae deat ode = costae $4 = costa +7) dy _ deos(Sx¥3)_ 405 9 RD =~ sinSx+3)-5 S sin(Sx + 3) 9 dew) 42-1) a ae ee = —sin(3x? - 1) 6x = ~6xsin(3x? - 1) dy _ dsin(cos?x) dco doosx py 2% = Asinteos? x) Gx deostx douse dx = c0s(c0s* x) -2eosx (-sinx) 2.608 x sin x c0s(cos? x) Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 3 ay _dsing? +3) dee » ae) Oe = cos(x? +3) 2 = 2x cos(x? +3) a Bag Manx +3) dx 43) ae Gx) ee = Ssec(2e$3)-2 = 6see(2x +3) pn B dtana 4) dx +) &aGetD = sec%(Sx? +1) - 10 = 1Oxsec(Sx? +1) » dsin(cosx) dos deosx | dx = cos(cos x) (~sinx) = sin x cos(cos x) dy _ dsin*(cos*x) dsin(cos*x) _deos*x _deosx » Ge dsin(eos®s) deve x deosx de = 3sin?(cos? x) - cos(cos? x) - 2eos x - (— 8 = ~6 008 x sin x sin®(cos* x) cos(cos* x) m doos*(sinx?) deos(sinx®) dsinx? dx? ) x) = Heostlsine?) , deostsins?) & » 7) dcos(sin x*) dsinx* dx} dx = 4cos*(sin x) .—sin(sin x*) - cos x 3x? = -12x cos x cos*(sin x*) sin(sin x*) . 4 — coceaney HS 4 dosttans) dtanx dy _ dsin(e') det ? ae OOP Gan a 2 Re ‘= cos(tan x) - 1 +x -—sin(tan x) - sec? x. = cos(e*) - e* = cos(tan x) — x sin(lan x) sec* x = e* cos(e*) ‘cos(inx) dinx din (sin(e*)) dsin(e*) de* ° Seeds) (a = LEEsinveD) ae “ dinx dx 9 Fe ‘dsin(e*) de® dx 1 singlax) 2 he costes et x aves _ _sio(ins) =e cat(e") 8.4 Derivatives of the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions MAR $33 ® f= (+6082) cos x ~ (1+ cos x}? _ 08 x(1 + 608 x) + sin! x (1+ cox)? = 08x + cos? x + sin? x (+ e08xF _ coset © (Fes 0 Tears ‘Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 84 Page 518 Question 4 aye . ‘ a) Beside tx -coste-2 » a re0sxCsinx) in2x + 2x cos 2x ~2sinxc0s x sin2 (4) +2 4 cos2(4) ~sin2x vaa()2f-ee(§) =142-5.0 eg =1 Determine the equation of the tangent Determine the equation of the tangent. yoy = mom) ‘The equation of the tangent is y = x. yt 2 9 BoA tan. 1 tan» 0 ae tan ‘ > 201+ tan? 9) Tans y aes 2041) ro Determine te ain ngs Yr y= m(x— m1) yelent(n-t yecteent ‘The equation of the tangent is y 534 MR Chapter 8 Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 5 ay ty Lg a) = sinx —cosx =0 tanx=-1 _ 3a xo-tore umes (26.-¥3) 9 y= 2eosx — cos Ix eos x — (2e0s? x — 1) = -2eos' x +2e0sx+ 1 Determine the critical number(s). we ae 400s x(—sinx) — 2sinx = 0 2sinx(2eosx- 1) =0 sinx =0 2eosx-1=0 3m no solution in since © > 0 a= eal minimum exists (#,-3). ~ ay wo ») x 2sinx cos x — cosx = 0 cos x(2sinx— 1) =0 osx =0 saat 1 sinx=} n,Se w= hoe roum exists a (4.0), since 2 > oat x = mini x (58 sxx = aloe! maximum exists at (5,2) a) fox ttm Tein Determine the critical number(s). » & cos eon (Cains) (14 i059) cos? x + sin? x + sin L+sinx L+sinx =0 Since y is undefined at x there are no extrema 8.4 Derivatives of the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions MHR $35 Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 6 a y = 2eosx + sin2x » ® x _asinx +2c082x wm @y & = Pind ~2eosx —Asin2x = 0 2 YL “Roos x ~ Bsinxcoex = 0 a? cos x(1 +4 sin x) 2(cos 2x)(2) = 0 cosx cos2x = 0 ane x a £ oe PTZ = on Thete is no solution to 1+ sinx = 00m (0,4). Since $0 ay SS changes sign atx ‘ =(50) Since © changes sign at each ofits 20s, pints of intecon ens t (2°70) and (44,0), ° sin x —tanx =sinx — 2seex see xtan x sin x + 2sec xtanx se 2 cage signs =Omnd =m prt oaestion xt (0,0 8.) Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 7 aL #Y Lg ® ~ cosx ae oe b) Since 87 mod 4 =3, t fy x sin as Since 138 mod 4 fy at By asin Dye sinx a a) = =cosx 9 Every fourth derivative is the same, a Note. Parts b), ©), and d) makes use of the mod oper- Mor. The expression m mod m = p, states that p is the remainder when m is divided by m, where m,n, and p are whole numbers. eos x a 536 MHR Chapter 8 Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 8 a) y= Asinkx + Beoske » y= Csin(kx + D) Y= Acoskx-k+B- (~sinkx) yf = Coostkx + D)-k K(Acoskx ~ Bsinkx) = KC costkx + D) K(A (sin kx) k~ B-cos kx +b) -W(Asinkx + Boos kx) ey = ytkey so yey = C-—sin(kx + D) +k 2c sin(kx + D) Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 9 Let Q(~V3.—2) be the remote point. Let P(x, sin x) be point of tangency on y = sin x, Determine x sax-(4) . = CV) sinx + = cosx = w x45 The Intersect operation of the graphing calculator suggests a solution to (1) of x + L047 or 5, Determine the ‘equation of the tangent line. 1a 8 Poet Tz Section 8.4 Page 518 Question 10 ‘The solution is y a oA) = Ax ca aA ~ 180 ©) The exact value of 0.17... is 180 8.4 Derivatives of the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions MHR 537 Section 8.4 Page 519 Question 11 a) sin |x| is not differentiable for x] = 0 or x = 0. Section 8.4 Page 519 Question 12 £0) _ ket VPI ‘The zeros of f"(x) ate x = 538 MHR Chapter 8 a ») y= |sinxl rN ay _ dlsinal ax dx _ ¢VGny ~e® dyGinw? asin)? dsinx dGinx? deinx) de =—4—. asiny-cosx 2yenxP isin} isis nee for sins = or x= ke, K€. Section 4 Page S19. Question 13 The exesson tan(S +8) - rr @ ‘can be rewritten as tan kim @ Expression (2) defines the slope of the tangent to $0) =tanxatx = 5 f(x) = taax I(x) = sex +h) —i_- Section 8.4 Page 519 Question 14 dtanx 2 a) Since ++ tan! x, to achieve a derivative of tan? x, use y = tan x= by Since tanx = sin x, use y = —In(e08.) or y= In(see), ©) y= In(secx +tan x) 8.5. Modelling with Trigonometric Functions Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 8.5 Page 529 Question 1 2.0 x 10" x 5.98 x 102 sx 10F TA x 102 5.98 x 10 Geax 10? 5455 x 10 2.0017 x 10% ‘The sun exerts a force of 3.5455 x 108 N on Earth, Tae moon exerts a force of 2.0017 x 102” N on Barth, F, 3.5455 x 102 Foon 9 4) Both ratios are close to 2, Section 8.5. Page 530 Question 2 ‘The model for tidal force is F(x) 2(6.67 x 10-*)(2.0 x 10)(1.0 x 10%) (70x 105 = -0.0777 84x 107t = -7.7784 x 10 a) F710 x 10°) = The sun would exert a force of ~7.7784 x 107 N on the spacecraft =2(6.67 107)(2.0 x 10°)(1.0 x 108) 10x 105 = =26.68 x 10° = -2.668 x 10° » F.0x 10°) = “The white dwarf star would exert a force of ~2.668 x 10* N on the spacecraft. =2(6.67 x 107)(2.0 x 10*)(.0 x 104) (0x 105 = ~26,68 x 10" = -2.668 x 10! 3 F(.0x 10") = ‘The neutron star would exert a force of ~2.668 x 10!” N on the spacecraft 8,5 Modelling with Trigonometric Functions MHR_ 539 Section 85 Page 530 Question 3 4) The length of the remaining side can be given by VCOVE)"~ a7 or /200— 7 centimetres. Let A be the area of the triangle AG) = 3xV 2008 Determine the critical numbers of A ‘The maximum area ofthe triangle is A(10) or 50 em ) Comparisons may vary. Section 85 Page $30 Question 4 Let a be the contained angle, in radians. Let x represent the length of the third side, in metres. Let rbe the time, in da_ x Gram a Use the cosine law to determine a value for x at the requited instant. x? = 15? 420? — 2(15)(20) cosa = 625 — 60008. @ Substitute « = $ into (2) to determine x 625 - 60005 = 625 — 600.4 20m 625 ~ 300 as V5, x>0 8) Ditferentite (2) with respect to. dx? dx _ d625~600c0sa da aa da a 2x & = 600sine & a a dx _ 300, da & = sine @ Substitute (1), (3), and. F into (4) dx 300 ok a3 0.503 ‘The third side is increasing at arate of 0.503 mis. 540 MHR Chapter 8 Section 8.5 Page 530 Question 5 a) x = 0.05 cos(88021) vex) = 0.05 -—sin(880z1) 8800 1) Since the maximum value of — sin(880-t) is 1, the ‘maximum value of ~44sin(880a1) is 44. ‘The ‘maximum velocity is 44" cm/s, 44a sin(880x1) vo = ~4de » cos( 8801) - 8800 = ~38-7208? cos(88081) ‘The velocity is ~44x sin(8804t) emis, The accelera- tion is -38 720% cos(880.t) crs’ 3 + 800s ~38-7202? cos(88081) + (8802)*(0.05 cos(88021)) —38 7201? cos(880a1) + 38 720" cos(880-1) ° Section 8.5 Page 530 Question 6 a) Let P be a point on the unit circle centred at the origin. Given the central angle, 0, the coordinates of P can be expressed as (cosa, sina. h=OA4AB = sina + VE— (ose? sina + VI6— cos? a BLO bv) Sa cosa a a” Dib cose Vis- ota da —2eos a(— sina) - S, Pecos, sina ~ The velocity of the piston is |cos a + =| 5 ©) Observation of the diagram reveals that the height will not be changing hea ais ay od integer multiple of rad, Determining te rots of ¥ confirms this observation 8,5 Modelling with Trigonometric Functions MHR S41 4) For maximum speed, the maxima of |»] must be sought “The maximum speed of the piston is achieved at a = 0.2318-+ 2kx and a = 2.9098-+ 2kx, where k is any integer. Section 8.5 Page 530 Question 7 and 1 ‘The period of V = 120cos 120zt is Sor 2. I each eycle takes ©) The pesiod 1209 °* 60) adte kes FG b) The current changes direction 2 x 60 or 120 times per second. there are 60 cycles per second. 4) The maximum occurs when sin 120¢t = 1, Thus, 9 {0=-F 120. ~ sin 12021-1208 400s sin 1208t 120m £42k Lk tic eld () = 144008 sin 120 mo tet ° Sy=0 240 14400 sin 1201 rant ka ‘The value of the voltage at these times is 0. gis any iteger 20 ke The electric fed is zero at 1 = *, where kis any * 120 integer. The value of the voltage at these times is +120. Section 8.5 Page $30 Question 8 Let x be one of the shorter sides of the triangle, in centimetres. The length of the remaining side can be given by VOV2)? = x or ¥200— x? centimetres, Let P be the perimeter of the triangle, P(x) = x4 ¥200— x2 + 10y2 Determine the critical numbers of P. Pixy=o ‘The maximum perimeter is P(10) = 10 + ¥200— 10 + 10VZ or 20+ 10VZ cm, 542 MHR Chapter 8 Section 8.5 Page 531 Question 9 4) Let h(t) be the height of the weather balloon, in kilometres, after # hours. hor wo tana = ® ® ‘The angle of inclination can be expressed as « = tan“! 10" rad b) From @), diane _ dior a at dtona da _ dior dea da secta = 10 ao! da . 5 % - 10008« 4 Substitute « = & into (4, 8 1oco? (2) a v3\" -0() =15 ‘The weather balloon is rising at 7.5 rad/h 8,5 Modelling with Trigonometric Functions MHR 543, Section 8.5 Page 531 Question 10 A central angle of a circle has twice the measure of the angle inscribed in the circle that is subtended by the same arc. Hence, < ACB = 6. It follows that BCD = « ~ 8. Use of the Cosine Law in ABCD, leads to the following, 247 = 2? costa = 0) = 27+ 0080) a Let A be the area of isosceles ABDE. A= Q suki) ino) a= bea.) sine =P sin O(1 + cos 0) Dulin etl mombars) oA wo cost) cone + sn0t-tind) (1 +.cos @) cos @ ~ sin? @ = (1 + 008 8) cos 8 — (1 — cos* 6} (4 seeoneee ord) = (1 + 60s 8)(2c08@ - 1 cos = vianine © 6 "The maxima ae ofthe scl nngle iachiene ito = £ Section 8.5 Page 531 Question 11 “ w= (2) so : Determine the critical number(s) of R. RG) (2) -s0s20-2= 7 cost n= ° ‘The maximum range will be achieved if @ = * rad, es a 544 MHR Chapter 8 ») Determine the critical number(s) of R. ( got £08 6 cos(@ - 4) “The maximum range will be achieved if 0 = ) (e039 c0s(0— $) + sin(@ — 4) -(~sind)) sin(0 ~ 6) cos 8) 5) ean #)c0s 0) RO) sin(@ ~ g)sin@ = 0 cos(0-+0- $) c05(28 ~ #) 2-g= 28 ° ©) In part), if @ = 0, the result is @ = $ rad, This isthe same result as in pat a). Section 8.5. Page 531 Question 12 9 = 0.15 cose Determine the angular speed. 0 So o15--sinot)-6 a (-sin6r) = 09 sin6r ‘The maximum angular speed occurs when ~ sin 6t = 1 ‘Thus, the maximum angular speed is 1(0.9) or 0.9 rad/s £8 ~ a9 c0s6t-6 # ~SAcos6r ‘The maximum angular acceleration occurs when = cos 61 = 1. Thus, the maximum angular accel- eration is (5.4)(1) or 5.4 radis* 8,5 Modelling with Trigonometric Functions MHR 545 Section 8.5 Page 531 Question 13 a) Let O be the position of the observer and @ be the line of sight, in radians. Let B be the position of the balloon. In ADOE, A= 10r a xest @ h tno = 8 Substitute (1) and (2) into (3). lor tne = 1 (10° a=! (2 " (#5) ‘The angle of the line of sight can be expressed as @ = tan @ by Determine for 9 = ©. From (4), 1s= ° ‘The angle of the line of sight is © after h Determine “2 from (4) a as a dtand 40d (101 Fao a (os) sectg 42 _ UF 51- 10 101-5 dt (+ St 0a) _10 anos e aa (6) Substitute @ = © and (5) into (6), When £ rad, @ is increasing atthe rate of 313 ~ 43) rad 546 MHR Chapter 8 Section 8.5 Page 531 Question 14 a) Let A be the area of the isosceles triangle. Let x be the height and y be half the base of the triangle. AG.) = xy @ ABS x- ® Since ADE isa right triangle, ap= ve = Ve — tar A Since SADE ~ AACB, AD _ AC 8 2 ® x Substitute (3) into (1) of rote gs © Hy (2 =2rQxN= 8 =r) _ 4 ve =r 2x8 drt x brs? = 0 xo 3rx? 20 x(x-3)=0 x=3r Substitute (4) into (2). AE =3r-r ta abe, since $ =a"! () ors (3), bj Let P be the perimeter ofthe triangle. Lot Using the Minimum operation of the graphing calculator and r = 1 yields x = 3 as the critical number. As a result, @ = © rad. ©) Answers may vary 8.5 Modelling with Trigonometric Functions MHR $47 Section 8.5 Page 531 Question 15 Let x be the distance from the goal line, in metres. In AABD, tana 4 In ABC, tang Determine 8(x). O=a-p tand = tan(a ~ A) _ tana - tang Te tanatanp Substitute (1) and (2) into (3). tan@ = ~ D2 =(2)() 2 z 1+5 tan@ 2x ane = 48 aweur(2 Determine the critical number(s) of 8(x), 40 & 1 201-2109) (Fe) +8? 2x? + 16- 4x7 =0 =0 =0 a @) ‘The player should shoot the puck 2Vm from the goa line. 548 MHR Chapter 8 D goal line Review of Key Concepts 8.1 Addition and Subtraction Formulas Section Review Page 534 Question 1 a) _sin64° cos" — cos 64° sind” ©) cos 45" cos 15° ~ sin 4S” sin 15° = cos(4S* + 15°) = c0s60" tan35" + tan 10" tan 35° + ta 10" = sancast 4 10" 1 tan 35° tan 10 35" + 10") =tands* 8.2 Double-Angle Formulas Section Review Page 534 Question 2 ©) 2c0s"(30 +2) cos 2(30 +2) e cos? 2x — sin? 2x = cos 2(2x) tts oa (2) Section Review Page 534 Question 3 a) Ix € [0,20], then x +3 € [3,24 +3] sin 3 cos x + cos3sinx = 0.5 sin +x) =0.5 Be Me 34x= 2% op WE Fee Bey) We BA 5 op Me 6 . 3a In The equation is tue for x = 424 —3 or 7 _ 5 1b) sin32° cos 13° + cos 32° sin 13” = sin(32” + 13°) = sin4s* i vi ) cos 45° cos 15° + sin 45" sin 15° = cos(45" — 15°) by 15sin3ecos3x = 15 (G s208))) sin6x ® Lana ( y z02(3) = 4sinx p 2eas* 108 — | = cos 2(108) = cos 200 LS 7x 0s 7x = + sin2(73 ) ” sin Treo 74 = } sin 207% =] sntte b) Ix € [0,2], then x + € [x,3a] cos x cos # ~ sinxsin x = 0 cose +4) =0 Be Se xtas tort a fe x=fory 3x ‘The equation is true for x = = or = 2 2 Review of Key Concepts MHR 549 ©) Ix € [0,2], then 3x € [0,6] 03 2x cos x = sin 2xsin x = 0 cos(2x +x) = 0 cos3x=0 Bee Solutions include x = ©) Ix €[0, 2a, then 2x € [0,4z sin x 00s x + ¢08 x sinx sinc +3) = sin2x = ‘The equation is true for g) 3sin2xcosx+3sin?x =0 sin 2x cos x + sin? x = 0 2sin x cos? x + sin? x = 0 2sin x(1 — sin’ x) + sin?x =0 sinx(2 - 2sin’ x + sinx) = 0 sing =0 x=0,n, or2e 2-2sin’ x +sinx =0 ° _1-v7 sinx € [-1,1] x = 4.0375 or 5.3873 Solutions include x = 0, *, 4.0375, 5.3873, or 2x 0 sinx ~ cos tanx=1 ‘The equation is true for Solutions include 550 MHR_ Review of Key Concepts 4) Ix € [0,24], then 3x € [0,6] sin 2x c0s x + 60s 2xsinx = 1 sinQx-+x) = 1 sin3x=1 See Solutions include x = = Since tan % is undefined, there are no solutions. 1) Since tan 5 is undefined, 1 r h) sin2x — sinx 2sinx eos x — sinx sinx(2c0sx ~ 1) = 0 sinx = 0 x=0., or2e 2eosx—1 1 x= fort ‘The equation is true for x = 0, ©, a t ; 5) Ix € (0,2), then 2x € [0,4] 3cos2x+2=0 2 cos 2x = -5 2x = 2.3005, 3.9827, 8.5837 or 10.2658 x = 1.1503, 1.9913, 4.2919 or $.1329 1.1503, 1.9913, 4.2919 oF 5.1329. ®) sin 2x —tanx = 0 CS 2eosx- 4 =0 2eosx Solutions include x = 0, m) 2sin2x = cos x 4sin x cos x = cosx = 0 cos x(4sinx ~ 1 cosx = 0 a Be xe koe 4sinx-1=0 axel a x = 0.2527 or 2.8889 Solutions include x = 0.2527, © 3e 2.8889, or 2 2 Section Review Page 534 Question 4 Using the 3:4 : 5 Pythagorean triple and the information given, itis determined that cos x = , and cos a) sin 2(x— y) D Ix € [0,24], then 2x € [0,44]. sin 2x — cos 2x = 0 sin 2x tan2x = 1 x= ‘The equation is true for x 2) Ssinx = 2—cos2x 2-(1-2sin's) 1+2sin’ x Bsinx Bsinx 2sin? x—3sinx +120 Qsinx - N(sinx— 1) =0 ‘The equation is true for x sin(x — y) eos(x—y) = 2(sin x eos y — cos xin y)(cos x eos y + sinx sin y) aC _ 336 os (-E)( “PB G+] Review of Key Concepts MAR $51 ») cos 2(x + y) = 2eos*(x +») =1 = 2(c0s x e0s y ~ sin xsin y)? — 1 BCH ©) Determine a value for tan(x 4) sin 2x + cos2x = 2sin-xeos x + cost x ~ sin? x tanx —tan y -23 £.(2)-() tan - 9) = Tytaaxtany sstls 5 3 ( 218 9 7 25° 25 -~A* oI 3 B re 3 8 4 7 16 u =# 1 7 a Determine tan 268 ~ 9) tan20x=9) = ® Substitute (1) into (2). tan2(x- y) 552 MHR_ Review of Key Concepts Section Review Page 534 Question § Let d be the required distance, in metres. In AABC, tan x tan2x = 24 a Dtanx _ 24 = 1 a a P ul Substitute tan x = — in (1) bs zn) | 3 24 4c Maz nis approximately 38.1 m from the base of the cliff Section Review Page 534 Question 6 ; sin 2(x— y) sin(x = y)e0s(x = y) = 2(sin x cos y ~ cos x sin y)(cos x cos y + sinx sin y) ola (3)-F alle 4)-a 4] “2€8)(2) 8.3 Limits of Trigonometric Functions ‘A.number of solutions that ow make wetefthe esa in! 6. scones fons tony sine lim lim sinx 1 lim all 1 Review of Key Concepts MHR $53 Section Review Page 534 Question 7 1 ho sins . 3 » tim ) 5 7 es 5 tthe ah 3x 1 A ig (FP oo ® ror) ©) The calculator suggests lim “™>=* — 8.4 Derivatives of the Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions Section Review Page 534 Question 8 dy _ dsinGx?45) dx? 45) » Wee dk = cos(3x7 + 5) - 6x = 6x cos(3x* +5) = sgt » & a sattox-2) 2) - os(6x? — 2) - 12x 12x? sin? (6x? — 2) + 96x" sin(6x" — 2) cos(6x* — 2) 9 2 cout 47) SE 4 at LOGE AT AED = cos(4x? +7) 2x 4x7» —sin(4x? +7) - Bx = 2x cos(4x? +7) - 8x? sin(4x? +7) a sees foe doos'x deosx | dtanx doosx dx dx Gx Gsin(cos x + tans) d{cos?x+tanx) = 2sin( os! x + tan x) -cos(cos? x +tanx) - (3e0s? x ~ sinx + sec? x) = Zsin(cos? x + 1an x) eos(cos? x + tanx) (sec? x — 3cos* x sin x) 554 MHR Review of Key Concepts ° dy _ dsin'(cosx') dsin(oosx*) deosx* dx’ dy _ dcos(e*) de® dx dsin(cos x°) dcosx dx? dx dx de® dx = 3sin?(cos x) -cos(cos x3) -(~sinx?) 3x" = msin(e") 9x? sin*(cos x*) cos(cos x) sinx? = —e* sin(e*) dy _ deos(ln(tanx)) dina) dtanx dy _ din(sin(e?)) singe’) de® gp % = deosdinttanx)) | din(tanx) | dtanx mn Be Haine’) D det de" dinfanx)—dtanx de a dsinge) de =~ sin(lnten)) - sec? Le sslet) set sin(n(tan30) + = see? x ames ole = - sec* x cot x sin(In(tan x)) = e* cot(e") asin > dy dx ix dD y= sin?x + cos. =1 ty Lg a Section Review Page 534 Question 9 y= 2sinx + sin? x Determine the critical number(s) ay ca 2oosx + 2sinxeos x = 0 o cos x(1 + sinx) = 0 #3e xe for¥ Determine the points of inflection, ey ee =2sinx + 2(c08* x= sin x) = 0 sinx - 142sin?x =0 2sin’ x +sinx—1=0 Qsinx = 1)(sinx +1) = 0 x Sx j 3x ‘A maximum value of 3 occurs at x 3x zr value of =1 occurs at x $. A minimum Section Review Page 534 Question 10 y= 2sinx + sin? ty B= 20085 2sinxcos.x Determine the slope, m, of the tangent ay axe eos + 25in co nw vied 3v3 a Determine te equation ofthe angst yoy =m(x— x) S_3v3/ # Fe) _W3 2 4 ‘The equation of the tangent is, Review of Key Concepts MHR $55 8.5. Modelling with Trigonometric Functions Section Review Page 535 Question 11 a) Models may vary. At two pulses per rotation, the period is °° ° aro a. ao a a ana #0. 28 Subsite r= 610! ana = a oe ns) = 1142.4 x 10" = 11424 x 10" 1) Assuming te ate dsresis ney, 0.033 canbe replaced with 0033 (2500), whe Kis he number of seconds in a year (3,154 x 107), This expression will ensure that the rotational rate will bbe 0 after 2500 years. The updated model is A dat y= Asinf —A" Ja 7 0.09 (2500) ‘The pulsar sweeps the susface of Hart at an approximate rate of 1.1424 x 10" kaw Section Review Page 535 Question 12 Let A be the area of a cross-section of the trough, Acai = +2 (xh) =Aty x= cos0 @ sing 6) Substitute (2) and (3) into (1). AQ) = sin (1 + e058) Determine the critical number(s) of A. A@)=0 (1 4-€08 0) cos 0 + sin 0(— sin 0) = 0 (1 +056) cos ~ (1 ~ cos*a) = 0 (1 + €08 6)(c0s @ ~ (1 —c0s8)) =0 (1-4 608 0)@e080= 1) =0 2008-1 =0 cost on Avaue of0= £ 60" wil maimie the nf the tough 556 MHR Review of Key Concepts Section Review Page 535 Question 13 Let A be the area of and 20m, the triangle in square metres. Let 0 he the contained angle between the two sides measuring 15 m A(@) = 4145)(20) sin = 150sing a Differentiate both sides of (1) with respect to time, t, in seconds, dA _ d1S0sing 8 a ae ae = 150050. 2 @ Subsite @ = £ and = into 2) 2 "seo a = 150.5. z 2262 “The area is changing at the rate of approximately 2.62 ms Section Review Page 535 Question 14 » T=. 1) Answers may vary 6) Letabe the amplitude. y = asin(2at +k). on ‘ " ¥ a sin30°= 2 : L re L ie £ my 38 Substitute £ = 24.824 om. ax 24.824 Lm = 4804 + = 12412 ‘The length of the pendulum is approximately 24.824 em Theamplitudeis 12412em, FL ©) The measure of the central angle, 0, is defined by the model, @ = 12.412sin(2er + k). Determine the angular velocity do G7 I2AI2eos(Qat +k) 2a 4,824. cos(2at +k) a Determine the critical number(s) of (1). #0 ae 24.8420 -— sin(2at +k)-2n = 0 24.8420 — sin(et +k) De 4968407 sin(2at +k) 2) sin(2et +k) =0 Qat+k= ne: net k te3-5 oe Substitution of (2) in (1) yields « maximum angular speed of [24.824] or approximately 77.99 rad/s, The maximum. nk 2 Es where mis any integer 27a angular speed occurs at Review of Key Concepts MHR $57 ) Recall the angular acceleration from (2) in parte) #8 £8 = 49.6840? sin(2ar + Ge 7 9684 sina +k) @ Determine the critical number(s) of (4). 49,6845? -cos(2at + k) 2 = 0 99,3682" cos(2at +k) = 0 cos(2at +k) = 0 I 6 Section Review Page 535 Question 15 : 3,3 (aeons 80) = 60b + 3. (A) Determine the eitieal numbers) of S. s@=0 f:snd= f= coast) into sino Vicos0 + 009 8 =0 1-V3cosa =0 oxoe = 09583 ‘An angle of approximately 0.9553 rad or $4.74" minimizes the surface area, 558 MHR Review of Key Concepts Chapter Test Section Chapter Test Page 536 Question 1 sins ten20e_tan20e 20 tim 2 ) ty ZOE yy 208 20 tS Sox 7 ES iow » Fo ra rT = oY ants tim 822 = 20 Se Ba =00-1 a an Snax 2 in ne Section Chapter Test Page 536 Question 2 » y= 2sin de — Scone a, deinde Dx, dowdy ae oe ae conde 3 ie sinaeet = boone 4 sind @y _g doos3x 3x 5 dsindx da a Bx de dix dx wane 34 12-cosee = -18sin e+ 4B cos de »b ay _ (0 beans) cons = sin sets ao a cos x + sin x — sec? x sinx a @y — (1+ tanx)(sin x + cos x — 2sin x sec? x tan x ~ sec? x cos x)) — 2 sec? x(cos x + sin x — sec? x sin x) dx? (+ tan x)? Simplifications will vary. Section Chapter Test Page 536 Question 3 e Chapter Test MHR 559 Section Chapter Test Page 536 Question 4 f(x) = sinx + cos x J"(x) = eos x ~ sinx ‘Sf"(x) = —sinx — cosx Sf" (x) = — cos x + sinx LC) = sinx + cos £0) = f(x) for Section Chapter Test Page 536 Question S ‘The capacity of the trough will be maximized when the area of the cross section is maximized. Let s be the constant side length of the triangular end of the trough. Let A be the azea of the triangle. 4k, where k is a natural number, 1 persing Determine the critical number(s) of A. ‘The capacity of the trough is maximized when the vertex angle is % rad or 90" Section Chapter Test Page 536 Question 6 ) Let A be the area of AOAB. Let x and y be the base and height of AOAC respectively. In AOPA, OP = p and PA = yp? =I. Develop an expression for A(p). Awe a) Since AOAC ~ AOPA, xe 2) y x 3) x °) Substitute (2) and (3) into (1) ) Leta be the angle between OA and the x-axis Aly) = @ y = Detersine the cca ousber(s of cora=t ® > Substitute p = vBin (5). 1 v a When the area of AOAB is a maximum, « = 5. ©) From (4), pasty? ‘The maximum area is achieved when p = +V2. ‘The maximum area is + square units. 560 MHR Chapter 1 Challenge Problems Section Challenge Problems Page 537 Question 1 a) 4sinx + 3sinx = Asin(x +0) = Asinxcos@ + Acos xsin 8 Comparison of the left and tight sides reveals, ; " 4 t ite. (« 2) : a()=4 Thus, Thus, tas deoe=sn(x+1ar*(2)) teas ssoee=-Son(

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