CHAPTER 6 Extreme Values: Curve Sketching and Optimization Problems 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions Practise Section 6.1 Page 317 Question 1 a) £=0 2-x=0 x=2 Since f'(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (~20, 2) and (2, 0). 9 Fa =0 (+93) =0 xe33 Since /'(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that eed to be tested are (~20,~3), (3.3), and G. 2») 9 sO) =0 x FD(C+3)=0 x=0,-2, or—3 Since f'(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (20, —3), (-3,-2), (2,0), and (0, o0), ® Fa =0 Bx 4 12x 49 xi4dy43=0 (+ DG +3) <0 x=-lor -3 Since "(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (~20,—3), (-3,-1), and (-1,o0). ») f'@=0 334-0 34x=0 xo-3 Since /"(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (ve, ~3) and (3, 26) a Since /'(x) isa polynomial, there are no discontinue ites. The intervals that need tobe tested are (~20,—1) and (-1, 09). 5 £@=0 -Y(x- Do-2=0 (x= Ye -2) x=0,1, or2 Since /"(x) is @ polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (—2, 0), (0,1), (1,2), and (2, 28) b) £@=0 4x° — 127 - 16x =0 3x8 4x0 x(x? =3x-4) =0 x(x+D@-4) =0 x=0,-1, ord Since f"(x) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. The intervals that need to be tested are (~c0, —1), (1.0), (0,4), and (4,20). 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions MAR 311x42 9 x4+2=0 x=-2 Since f’(x) is undefined at x = 0, the intervals that need to be tested are (—20, ~2), (~2, 0), and (0,0. Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 6.1 Page 317 Question 3 TH =0 F-64820 (21-4) =0 1=2or4 Since T(#) is a polynomial, there are no discontinu- ities. ‘The intervals that need t0 be tested are (0, (2,4), and (4,5). Using test values within each inter- val reveals that the temperature is falling (T"(t) < 0) over the interval (2,4). Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 5 ) For this application, assume that Dp > O and > 0. Din=0 Dy. “ae te? UD) _ a+ey 120 Since D(#) has no discontinuities, the single test interval is (0, 2). Since D’() < 0 for x € (0, 28), the amount of medication is decreasing on this in- terval b) No. D'(t) < Dover (0,2). ©) Since Dit) > 0, for x € (0,c0), the amount of ‘medication is never zero, 4) No, The amount of medication in the bloodstream vill eventually be zero. 312. MR Chapter 6 dD (+ D@-2=0 x=-Lor2 Since f’(x) is undefined at x = 0, the intervals that need to be tested are (20, -1), (-1,0}, (0,2), and Qe), Section 6.1 Page 317 Question 4 a) The domain of f(x) = x' is R. For this func- tion, f(x2) > fu) Whenever x» > x1 inthe inter= val (20, oo). This result suggests f(x) is inereas- ing over all real numbers, despite the property that J'G) = 3x? is zero at x = O and positive forall other real numbers. Another function witha simi- lar propeaty is g(x) = 3° b) No. The test only says that if f“(x) > 0 for all x € (a,b), then f is increasing on (a, ). It is not stating thatthe converse must be true Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 6 a) H@=o ~981+8=0 pestis sr te (0.22) ant ($2). Se , ~49P 481+ 10=0 (- OAV 2-49) + -0,829 of 2.462 Since 1 > 0, the stone hits the ground after ap- proximately 2.462 s 40 ©) The stone is falling for 2.462 ~ 55 or approxi- mately 1,645 5Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 7 a) A(x) = f(x) + g(x) b) AGO = g( FO) gx? - 3x42) =x? -3x4241 23x43 Wea) =0 a-30 Since KG) isa polynomial, there are no discominn- 3 ities, ‘The wo tet intervals ae (-20.1) and (1-20), Te vanes oa Ao) teneng on the Aizen Since MG) it polynomial, there are no dtcontin- (ee, 1) and increasing on the interval (1, 9) ies. The tet inerals ate (—se,3) and (3,00) Test values reveal h(x) is decreasing on the interval (2.3) stiaceaing cota (3) 9 hoo) Ls) 3 (= 3x42004D ae o3842eex =n 2x? x42 3x42 Rix) =0 3x? -dx-1=0 7-4) VCH? = 4B) IR devi “6 2evT V1) (22¥1 2407 ince Mx) is «polynomial, tere are no discontinuities, The test intervals axe (v0, 247), (2=¥7 247), Since h(x) is polynomial, th discontinuities. The test interval ( VR 7) v7 2+v7 ) nt (257 on), the 2 sot (2527 se), tse A) insight (ee 2ov7 2407 2S funtion desteaing on he interval ( 4 Wi) =0 (+ D@x-3)- G2 - 3x +) e+e 3x 43x-2 wre b2e oF 1H (x) is not defined for x = -1. The test intervals are (~e, “Test values reveal h(x) is increasing on the intervals (ve, the intervals (—1 ~ v6,~1) and (-1, -1 + v8). v8), (1 v6, —1), (-1, -14 vB), and (-14 V6, 26), = Yb) and (“1+ VB; 9). "The function is decreasing on 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions MHR 313Section 6.1 Page 318 Question & po=0 400: —1_— - 12-28) =0 2Viax 400(6 - x) Vinx-2 400(6 — x p'(x) is undefined at x = 0 and x = 12. The test intervals are (0,6) and (6, 12}. ‘a) Since p'(1) > 0, the profit, p(x), is increasing on the interval (0,6). 1b) Since p'(10) < 0, the profit, p(x), is decreasing on the interval (6, 12} Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 9 nM=0 = 1001 ar 1031-25) =0 Sicha [018:heviet [2 8) at (3.1 reno cn-+05yi20~t20mCR 405%) 5 (R+05)* (R + 0.5)(120) ~ 120R(2) (R +05) 120R +60 - 240R (R405) 60 - 120R +055 60 120R =0 R=05 Since R > 0, the test intervals aze [0,0.5) and (0.5, ee) a) Since P'(0.25) > 0, the power is increasing on the interval (0, 0.5). 1b) Since P'(1) < 0, the power is decreasing on the interval (0 5, ee) 314 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 11 $0) = kx? 3x45 (x) = kx? 3 (3x) is decreasing when f"(x) < 0. 3kx?-3.<0 kxtel E hee For f tobe decreasing on (0,3) (which might be part ofa wider interval on which f(x) is decreasing), +, VE ves k in Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 12 ‘Answers will vary Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 13 Fe) < lim f(x) and fn) < lim, f(4) must both be satisted Section 6.1 Page 318 Question 14 ‘The domain of f(x) is restricted to 1 +x > 0 or[-1, 00) The test intervals are (1,0) and (0, 20) a) Since f'(-0.5) <0, f(x) is decreasing on the interval (~1,0). Since f'(3) > 0, f(x) is increasing on the interval (0,00), 1b) On the interval x € (0,00), since f(0) = 0 and f(x) is increasing F(x) >0 5 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions MHR 31562 Maximum and Minimum Values Practise Section 6.2 Page 327 Question 1 a) The coordinates of the left endpoint are (0, 12). The coordinates of the right endpoint are (10,6). The coordinates of the critical points are (2,2), (4, 4), and (6,—6). Comparison of these resulls yields an absolute maximum value of 12 and an absolute minimum value of -6, 1b) The coordinates of the eritcal points are (—1.5,3), (0, ~6), (1,0), (2.2, 13), and (3,0), As [x] > 29, y+ 20 Comparison of these results yields an absolute maximum value of 3 and no absolute minimum value. Section 6.2 Page 328 Question 3 ay a Hoo ) dx 1-2x=0 Since the function is differentiable over R, the only critical number is x Consider the following in terval chart Nature of graph increasing decreasing By the first derivative test, the function has a local * ae 2x? — 2) -2x ° +v2 Since the function is diferentiable over R, the criti cal numbers ae x = 0,-£V3. Consider the following interval chart 2 0 2 temas C1) RO (A) Tews 2] Sin of $ - +h -4+ Naweof sph dee, | in | dee. | ie By the firs derivative test, the function has local mi ima at x= tv Tei valeisy= ((2V3)"~2) ‘or 0. The local maximum is at (0, (0? ~ 2)4) or (0,4). 316 MHR Chapter 6 ay & Ax-2) ») Since the function is differentiable over R, the only critical number is x = 2. Consider the following inter- val chart Interv 2 @) Test values ° 4 sien or # signor - 6 8 Natueofgrph decreasing | increasing By the frst derivative test, the function has a local min- imum at x = 2. Its value is y = (2 2)* or 0, a Bao 6x26 = a 1 Since the function is differentiable over , the critical numbers are x= +1, Consider the following interval chart Interv Test values ay simor # weacoferaph ine | dee ioe By the first derivative test the function has a local max- imum at x = ~1. Itsvalueis y = 2-1)" — 6-1) + Lor 5. The function has a local minimum at x = 1. Its value is y = 20) 6(1) +L or —3.2 ‘The domain is (0, ¢2). Since the function is not differ- l ceatiable at x = 0, the critical numbers are 0, Consider the following interval chart. a and Inteals omy aa) Test values 116 1 sien or 2 sign of - 4 oe Nature of gph increasing ocreasing By the frst derivative test, the function has a local min- 1 1 1 imumst (3.~f) Thee a ina ay 2) Since the function isnot differentiable atthe origin, the only critical number is x = 0, Consider the following interval chart Interv © 0) > “Test values 1 1 “ sign of + + Nave of graph increas By the first derivative test, the function has no local extrema Since the function is differentiable over R, the only cuit tat wmber x= Coir owing era char. 43 sev a | BD sino - 6 + Natueofoaphdecesing | iseaing By the first derivative test, the function has a local mini- iw numa ($4) Tha oa man » feo Bx! = 32x =0 a 4x 0 x(x 2642) = 0 x=0,42 Since the function is differentiable over R, the critical rumbers are x = 0,2. Consider the following interval char. 2 0 2 <_—_ Inenals 2) 20) 21) Test valet * too et simr® geo 8 Nata of graph de. By the frst derivative test, the function has local minima at (42, -20) and a local maximum at (0, 12). 6.22 Maximum and Minimum Values MHR 317a) Bao Sx! 15x =0 xix =0 XO8-3)=0 x 50,043 Since the function is differentiable over R, the on! critical numbers are x = 0, V3, Consider the fol- lowing interval chart 8 0 8 <> Inenals cao 08) |G) Teat valet 24 2 + + sienor © eo bne << Naru of graph ins dee. | dee. ine By the first desivative test, the function has Local ‘maximum at (-v3,6¥3) and a local minimum at (3,693), &y a a) txt Qx— 1) @=0 %) 3x1) — (= D@= 1439) a & (ax - 0) we cit anes = and Comer te ‘ong incre ce nena 0) Fa) a Testis wae ie —— simr® eb be Natweof graph es. | ine. | dee | ine ‘The function has a local minima at (0,0) and (1, 0) and 19 local maximum at (4, — (3 a) 318 MHR Chapter 6 ay i » ? 2 gp x42 Sieg2h EOS = bet 2P (x42) _ “Rea The only critical number is x = -2, Consider the f lowing interval chart Test vas 5 ° sienor = + Natwe of graph decressing | ineessing By the first derivative test, the function has a local mini- ‘mum at (2, 0) and no local maxima, » x=2x#0 ‘The function is not differentiable at x = 0, The critical numbers are 0 and 2, Consider the following interval char. ° 2 Intervals Testvabes i 3 senor smot# = | = 4 Naureoferaph dec. | dee. | ine By the first derivative test, the function has a local mini- mum at (2, ~4) and no local maxima.Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 6.2. Page 328 Question S Determine the critical numbers av a 120 -92x + 12x? = 0 3x 23x 43020 Gx- Sx -6)=0 o 5 6 Sor Since 6 ¢ [0,4], the only cxtial number is 3. An in ‘endpoints yields ¥(0) Section 6.2 Page 328 Question 6 a) The height ofthe flare is h(0} 1b) Determine the critical number, th ig a -981+44=0 220 a Determine the height of the fare at “(G) 4°) + 4840 | 9680 oe 4938 a ‘The maximum height of the fare is #928 Section 6.2 Page 328 Question 7 Determine the critical numbers, aw a =0.Slv? 436 By — 584 36.8) + VO6SF ve 2-051) = 23.57 oF 48.59 Since 48.59 ¢ (0,43), the only critical number is 23.57, which yields W/(23.57 ‘used to organize the information. Testing the endpoints yields W(0) = ~239 and W (4S) {actor is «minimum if v 23.57 mis, ed is an absolute maximum if x V (4) = 0. The volume of the Inter 1058) al Testvalues 2 wv simon sb = Nature of graph ie se, sal chart is used to organize the information, Testing the 5 ©) Determine t when h = 0. awh 4.98 44d + ) + YUE ADO) 2-49) 0.045 or 9.025 Since ~0.045 < 0, the flare hits the ground after approxi- mately 9 s 45 Testvalues 1 30 sion or 2 sign o Nature of graph des ine, 6007.87. An interval chart is 4750.25, The wind- 0 on the interval (0,0.6) and 5'(r) < 0 ‘on the interval (0.6, 0), the maximum speed occurs at the critical number r = 0.6. The maximum speed of airflow is S(0.6) = 1.108F emus. Section 6.2 Page 328 Question 9 a) The sign change of the first derivative must exist {or an arbitrarily small interval containing the crit- ical number. 1b) Lawrie would have eventually discovered the error if ever smaller intervals around x = 0 were tested. Section 6.2 Page 329 Question 10 oaosowos | T2taTET Ee ) Let h be the height of the tide, in metres. Let 1 be the time, in hours, The data can be approximated by the quartic function h(t) = 0.0088r* ~ 0.3240: + 5.2790"? — 3.43971 + 71.9825 320 MHR Chapter 6'b) Through the use of the minimum and maximum features of the graphing calculator, the csitical numbers of (2) are revealed, Conversion of these results to approximate times leads to increasing intervals from 5:37 am to 12:01 pam. and 6:19 p.m. to 7-00 p.m. Decreasing intervals in- clude 4:00 am, to 5:37 a.m, and 12-01 pm. to 6:19 pm, ‘The tide is neither increasing nor decreasing at 5:37 a.m. 12:01 pam, and 6:19 pam, ©) The tide is @ maximum at 12:01 p.m. Comparing the two ‘minimum values yields an absolute minimum at 5:37 a.m. Pereeel tad Section 6.2 Page 329 Question 11 a) Determine the critical numbers. ap a Since P'(10) < 0, the population is decreasing on the interval [0,20), Since P'(25) > 0, the population is inereasing on the interval (20, 30} b) The population reaches @ minimum at t = 20 years ‘The minimum population is P20) or 4 million people. Section 6.2 Page 329 Question 12 9 O° TTS Bion TaaoRTATETEG ‘Tests of the points x = 42 reveals that f(x) is continuous at these transition points. The first derivative of the middle : 3 piece, x* + 3x +1, yields a critical number at x = -> Since the first derivatives of the pieces defined by -x ~ 3 and 13 —x yield no zeros, the critical numbers exist solely at the endpoints of the intervals for which they are de- fined, The critical numbers of the function are, therefore, 3 x= -4,-2,-3,2, and 4. Comparison of the function values at these critical numbers yields an absolute mini- 3 3 and an absolute maximum of 11 at 5 mum of => atx q 2 x=? 6.22 Maximum and Minimum Values MHR, 321Section 6.2. Page 329 Question 13, Express g(x) = |x? 9] as g(x) = WP F. Determine the critical numbers. GQ) =0 —_—1_ ae 2x4 -9) 2x =0 In addition to the critical number x = 0, g(x) isnot differentiable at x = £3 and 5. Evaluating and comparing the function values atthe five critical numbers reveals an absolute minimum of 0 at x = £3 and an absolute maximum of Wax = 45. Section 6.2 Page 329 Question 14 Express y = x(2 4x2)7F Determine the critical numbers, C+D x44 D!OH Cre Pax atetexytso seer eet re ‘The three critical numbers are x r)_ 2 L 2 a and y(9 Comparing these results reveals an absolute maximum of , (a) Bae = gage Comme ie Section 6.2 Page 329 Question 15 a) Yes. For example, y ~ 1b) Yes. The absolute maximum must either occur at one of the endpoints of the closed interval or a critical number within the interval. However, if the interval were open, as in the function y = x* over x (0, 1), there would not be an absolute maximum, Section 6.2 Page 329 Question 16 a) Yes. Since f(x) is differentiable and "(x) changes sign on the interval (1,2), there must exist a critical number within the interval. Since the sign change is from positive to negative, the first derivative test declares that f(x) has a local maximum within the interval 1) No, Forexample.y = 75; hasan infinite discontinuity atx 322, MR Chapter 66.3 Concayity and the Second Derivative Test Practise Section 63 Page 338 Question 1 4) The function is concave upward on the intervals (—6, 3), (1,4), and (12, 14). The function is concave downward on the intervals (~10, 6), (~3, 1), (4,7), and (7, 12. ) The coordinates ofthe points of inflection ae (-6, Section 63 Page 338 Question 3 2) fis increasing onthe intervals where /"(x) > 0, thatis,on the intervals (—ce, 0), (24), and (6,2). fis decreasing on the imervals where f'(x) < 0, that is, on the intervals (0,2) and (4, 6). ) fis concave upward on the intervals where f"is increasing, that is, onthe intervals (1,3),(6, 1), and (8, e0). f is concave downward on the intervals where fis decreasing, that is, onthe intervals (~2e, 1), 3,5), and (7,8) ©) f bas a local maximum at x = ¢, where f'(c) = 0 and f"(6) <0, that is, at x = Oand x = 4. f has a local minimum atx = ¢, where f'(c) = O and {"(e) > 0, thats, at x = 2 and x =6. 4) fas point of inflection at x = d if f"(d) =O and f" changes its signin the arbitrarily small interval of the domain around d, The x-coordinates ofthe points of inflection of f are 1,3, 5,7, and & Section 63 Page 339 Question 5 a F(x) = 2x 3x45 » ye6tSra3x? Sf) =4x-3 cd S24 1), (3.0), (1,4), (4.0.8), and (12,2.5) Since °(x) > 0 for all R, f is concave upward on ae (ee, 20). Since ” never changes its sign. there are a ‘no points of inflection, Since © > <0 forall, ys concave downward on & (ce, o0). Since £* never changes its sign, there are no points of inflection, 9 s(x) #28) 308-12 +6 B(x) = 6x ~ 6x12 ia 1x-6 —_____- Intra cam | am) = 60x 1) \ Test as ° 1 s°(2) =Datx= 4. Aninceral chat can be used to —___| determine interval of concavity. ¢is concave upward sist et) gt y ~~ on (5,22) and concave dowanart on (0.3). 5 aut aferph some domen! | omer 1 n vu asa point ontseion at (5 z ® yest bist ae b3 ay * 28 ey we ae 2042) Ina ©.29 | Oh 3 Test vas a ° = 0 atx=—3, An interval chart can be used to —____- & & = * kermine intervals of concavity, y is concave upward on snot ¢ 2 2 +_—__—— (=e) and concave downward on (20,3), yhasa Nate of gph conve nwa | snap 2 169 noe point of nection at (—3, 42 6.3 Concavity and the Second Derivative Test MHR 3238 {() =16-3x435xb 42x? SL) = 34 I+? j ners Po) = 147 pres) = 0a x=. am imeral cha can be wed to -—____- determine intervals of oncaviy. fis concave upward on SON Et We roint of inflection at 7 soll «point ot inteon at (2, $04 p y= 3xt— 4x! 6x? +2 “V3 1 Bs ire 128*- 12x 1, & tials Oa Do 362 -ax- 12 —_ & toute ae @y <—__ Determine the roots of © ser sp pe 36x? — 24x -12=0 ‘emeave : ae fa Sa a a2 iS orl 3 An interval chart can be wsed fo determine intervals of concavity. y is concave upward on ( oo,—}) and (8, 141 BY and = pa) 4d). 1 2) A(x) = 3.46x = W(x) = 6 6x° W(x) = 30x "(x) < 0 for all R, bis never concave upward, his concave downward on the interval (20, 0). Since A” never changes its sign, there are no points of inflection, W200 Wd ») merle “CD CBOE OB) Tenvales ls | S| 0S @y ae 30x(2x? = 1) =0 Determine the roots of or + 324 MHR Chapter 6i) J@)= 3— x)= DEL J) = GTB == DED Since J" has no zeros, there are no points of inflection, Since /”(x) > O for x < 3, fis concave upward on the interval (ee, 3), Since "(x) < 0 for x > 3, £ is concave downward on the interval (3, eo) D s@aoert g@) = 162 + = -2x(x? +1) £10) = 08 42) 4 BIE DE? 4 A) 2Gx*-1) << [ap tena “esti BA) Determine the rots of s"(x) nenmne ee seme xt als ° 1 ey pe vol smo + b= b+ 3 me ee > weak Narcoferrh Sal B Un ‘An interval chart can be used to determine intervals of concavity. is concave upward on (oo, 1 1a 13 1 ce). g is concave downward on (-L, L). g has points otinntestion at (-L, 3) ana (4 (ee) (wea) ® (a) (3 k) 6.3 Concavity and the Second Derivative Test MHR 325Section 6.3 Page 339 Question 7 a) £1) =0 4x0 - 12x =0 Since ¢"(0) = -12 < 0, g has a lo- cal maxinmum of 0* — 6(0)? + 10 or 10 atx = 0. Since g"(-V3) = 24 > 0. ‘g has a local minimum of (—v3)* — 6 (-V3)' +10 or atx aD = 24> 0. g has toca mini- . sum ot (¥3) ~8(95)' + 1Wortat since £ = 3 > 8, 7hae foal nim of a ot vev3 iB pont 33 ae 4 atx ="1.'yhas no local maxima (2D = Cx~ DGx-1F V3. Since co) wo) =0 Ox+909-¥@) _ 4 Gx+3? 2x! 46x ° Ox +3) ax? +6x=0 x(x +3) =0 x=Oor—3 pres) = GEER +6) = Oe? 4692+ 9) - x43" __ 1s ~ Gxr3y Since K"(-3) =—2 < 0, has a local maximum of =. Since H"(0) = 2 > 0, kas aoc sini of 55 oF Oat x =O @ local minima, 326 MHR Chapter 6Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 6.3 Page 339 Question 9 a Function Zero Positive (-o,0) ° 0.99) re) (2.3) 20 3.0,00.00) , 3 3) re) to 3) 0.) 3 b) Yes (49) Section 63. Page 340 Question 10 a) Manufacturers have fixed costs before a single item 9 yt 4 is produced by THe point of infection defines the production level y" for which the the cost per item manufactured is neither decreasing nor increasing ‘marginal cost is maximized. tis where the Section 6.3 Page 340 Question 11 ) The prey population function is concave upward on the interval (100, 2). It appears concave downward in the interval (0, 100). b) The coordinates of the point of inflection are approximately (100,200) ©) The time of the maximum value for the prey population and the point of inflection for the predator function are the same. The time of the point of inflection of the prey model and the maximum value for the predator model are the same. The concave downward interval of the prey population coincides with the interval of increase for the predator population. The concave upward interval of the prey population coincides with the interval of decrease for the predator population, Section 6.3 Page 340 Question 12 a) Nix) =0 2x +200 =0 x= 100 ‘The critical numbers also include 0 and 150, the endpoints of the interval. Comparison ofthe function values at these points leads to the following results, IV has an absolute minimum value of 12 at x = 0, Since N"(10) = -2 <0, N hhas an absolute maximum of -1002 + 200(100) + 12 or 10 012 at x = 100. 1b) Answers will vary 6.3 Concavity and the Second Derivative Test MHR 327Section 6.3 Page 340 Question 13 a) » H ©) As the height of the vase increases, so does the marginal volume, This isto say, ever-increasing amounts of water are required to increase the height by the same amount. With water pouring in a constant rate, although J1(¢) will always be increasing, it will increase at a slower rate as time evolves. This positive, but lower, rate is reflected in the shape of H1'(). The slowing down of H(t) is reflected in the shape of H1"(). Its function values are negative (falling), but increasing Section 6.3 Page 340 Question 14 2 23 0 ‘The function can be rewritten as f(x) = VP +2 +a, Inenals 42) (2-29) 2801 @, ) £9) Testvatues 3 ost Bet 4 Bx 44 + __S Signer fy BY sae aay metro Ses Bx+20+2) Nature of graph owsze| ewe! we! tee o és BV + PF * ° —_—______, tenes Ga) aE) Testes : 1 — = no roots Simo pi " = ‘The critical numbers of both f'(x) and f"(x) are -2 and 0. saute of gag SE Smee Interval chats are used to determine the properties of (2) Oo nm ©) reining tra -3)st (Fe), sede inoa (-3 1b) Comparing function values atthe three critical numbers, ~ ., and 0, reveals a local maximum value of O at x= Zand a local minimum value of ~2 V4 3 ©) F is concave downward on the interval (0, c0). f is concave upward on the intervals (20, 4) The lone point of inflection is at (0,0), ) and (~2, 0). 328 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.3 Page 340 Question 15 a) yt “ 1b) This function is not possible, Ifthe first derivative is negative, it is decreasing. Eventually, the func tion would cross the x-axis and the function values would become negative. 4 Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 16 a) 4) The graph of f appears at the right fi) f bas no extrema. fii) / has a point of inflection at (0, 0), x €[-4,4], y € [-$000, $000] 6.3 Concavity and the Second Derivative Test MHR 329») i) Three views of f appear below. x €[-2,0.5], y € [-0,0004, 0.0002) x € [2.4], y € [=100, 800] x € [4,60], » € (+10, 100) fi) f has a local maximum at (~1,0), Local minima are located at (0.539, -0.000 25), (2.634, 321.764), and (16.905, 41.861), ili). has points of inflection at approximately (~0.8, ~0.000 11), (~0.287, ~0.000 13), and (0,0) Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 17 No, Extrema of the function will occur where there is a sign change at the zeros of the second derivative. Since extrema of f at x = c ean also occur where f'(c) does not exist, its not possible to determine all ofthe x-coordinates of the maximum and minimum points Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 18 a @ @y Substitute x = 4 into (2), set [* = 0, and solve for (2), set 53 6(4) +2e=0 2e=-24 e=-12 Substitute x = 4,¢ = —12 and y = 3 into (1) and solve for d S=4 120)? 444d 3a 64-1924 44d d=127 Ife = -12 and d = 127, the cubic curve y Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 19 a) Determine the critical numbers = 12x? +.x+ 127 has a point of inflection at (4,3). sf) =0 I") = Vex? 4 fox’ — 4x £"Q)=-4<0 r (#3) =8>0 fc > 0, three critical numbers exist. Results from the second derivative test reveal a maximum yale of 1st eso, x(ex? = 1) x= Oanda minimum of + at x= one critical number exists at x = 0, Rests ftom the second derivative test reveal a maximum value of 1 at x=0, 330 MHR Chapter 6&) For € > 0, he maximum snd minima pits ae 1, ( points lie om the curve, y ‘Tous, all three extrema lie on the curve y = 1 — yel-2 Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 20 wr € < O the maximum point is (0,1), which lies on the curve Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 21 6.3 Concavity and the Second Derivative Test MHR 331Section 6.3 Page 341 Question 22 a) The roots of f are 0, —2 are double root locations. ind 1, Since the first wo {is tangent othe x-axis al these Using this information, local maxima 1) a(t “The product rule can be used to show that (shy ‘ght Sah Leh ‘This is used to simplify the differentiation process, 2x(x— 2x1)? +(x - 1) wo £@o=0 +2(x—D@2x- Ha) =0 x(2x— 0x = 1142) =0 1 svat x=0,-3, 054 2 ‘The first two critical numbers confirm the two maxima, The latter two critical numbers are confirmed through the graphing calculator activities below ‘The local minima are stated approximately as (0.2298, -0.0119) and (0.8702, -0,0539), For the points of inflection, the graph- ing calculator can be used to determine the zeros of the second derivative. The points of inflection ate (0.0913, —0.00S (0.3712, ~0.005 75), and (0.7375, ~0.0322), 1b) No, The given window gives no indication of sctivity on the interval (0,1, ©) Assuilable window is x € [-1, 2], y € [-0.07, 007}. 332 MR Chapter 664 Vertical Asymptotes Practise Section 64 Page 347 Question 1 a) The equations of the vertical asymptotes ate x = -8, x = ~S, x =-I,x=4,andx = 9, BD im f(a) = 00 ©) For each ofthe following. the limit does not exist, ~ Since the function values approach the same infinity i) iy, (2) = 0 from both sides, « more specifi result is provided i) im, f(x) = 0° ai) im f(0) iv) lim fo fi) tim, f(x) = -v0 9) him f° i) lim f(3) = co i) lim £(3) = 20 iv) lim f(x) =—oe vii) lim f(x) viii) im, (0) = Section 64 Page 347 Question 3 8) As x approaches S from both sides, (x ~ 5)? becomes smaller, but postive. The result is that Tgp arenes positively, without bound. lim — @. 3 (q—5F ) Asx approaches 6 from both sides, (x +6) becomes smaller, but positive. The results that increases ore segatively, without bound lim, — ©) The TABLE feature of the graphing calculator can be used to determine the behaviour of the function from both, sides of —4, lim, —* 4) The TABLE feature of the graphing calculator can be used to determine the behaviour of the function from both sides of 7. Him, 64 Vertical Asymptotes MHR 333©) The TRACE feature of the graphing calculator 1) The TRAC E feature of the graphing calculator suggests lim : suggests lim SG-oF aa Section 6.4 Page 348 Question 5 a) Since 2is aroot ofthe denominator and nof aroot of b) Since ~2 isa root ofthe denominator and not a root of the numerator, x = 2 is a vertical asymptote of f the numerator, x = ~2is a vertical asymptote of y. ©) Since 3 is aroot of the denominator and not aroot of — d) the numerator, x = 3 is a vertical asymptote of k. Since ~4 is a root of the denominator and not a root of the smumerator, x = ~4 is a vertical asymptote of g. 334 MHR Chapter 6° “T-ndF9 Since £1 the numerator, x = 41 are vertical asymptotes of y xe roots of the denominator and not roots of D T-nd+9 Since #1 are roots of the denominator and not roots of the numerator, x = +1 are vertical asymptotes of y. ax! 48x “GFDR+D _ 4x3 42) © OFDEED 2) A(x) Since ~2 and —4 are roots of the denominator and not roots of the numerator, x = —2 and x = ~4 are vertical asymptotes of h Since 0 and 3 are roots of the denominator and not roots oof the numerator, x = 0 and x = 3 are vertical asymp- totes of y PEE 1h) Since 0 and —2 are roots of the denominator and not roots of the numerator, x = 0 and x = ~2 are vertical asymptotes of y d 1) SR 3 we DED Since 0, -2 and 2 ate roots of the denominator and not roots of the numerator, x = 0 and x = 42 ate vertical asymptotes of @ 64 Vertical Asymptotes MHR 335Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 64 Page 348 Question 7 a) B) As p > 100°, the denominator, 100 — p, ap- proaches 0°, The results that lim, Ci) ©) No. The costs would be probibitive a) No. ‘The cost of removing half (50%) of the pollutants is $1000, 0.000 €(90) = = Ta 95 50000 The cast of removing 90% of the pollutants is $5000. Section 6.4 Page 348 Question 8 a) Asx > 1°, the denominator, x? — 1, approaches 0". The result is that lim moe. Asx > I+, the denominator, x*~ 1, approaches 0*, The result is that lim Section 64 Page 348 Question 9 a) Since d defines the distance between the masses, d > 0. As d > 0*, the denominator, d?, approaches 0°. The result is that Jim, @ 1b) The masses of normal size objects are so small the force of gravity is negligible, ©) Answers will vary, 336 MHR Chapter 6Section 64 Page 349 Question 10 Section 64 Page 349 Question 11 1 £. > 100.000 000 ¥ ot *' S$ F909 000000 bl < crf Asx + 0 the sumer pouees 2, The denna ror 4, < 100 e006, < 001 2 gps Te sakvij (S-2) =e Section 64 Page 349 Question 12 spproaches I”. In tum, the expression 1 - © approaches O*, As a result, the a) As y > 6°, the expression » 79 or oo. To summarize, as the velocity of the denominator approaches 0°, The net result is that m = Ii object approaches the speed of light, its mass increases without bound, ) If the particle reaches a speed equal to or greater than the speed of light, the mass of the particle will be undefined. Section 64 Page 349 Question 13 co» ifm is even and p(a) > 0 or mis odd and pla) < 0. —o0 ifmis odd and p(a) > 0 or mis even and p(a) < 0. crit pla) >. tim f(s) crit pla) <0, Section 64 Page 349 Question 14 a) Since oo is not a eal number, itis not bound to the result a ~ ‘meaning, hence no numerical value 1) Forthe given functions, as x + 3, both f and g tend to eo. This would suggest the following, In isolation, the expression oo ~ co has no = tim OX 2 23 G-3) = tin ( 5 BS.) = tin 23\q-5F GF) oe However, simplifying the expression before evaluating the limit provides Further insight. 6x9 )- 26x49 ca 3 tim &=* a3 = limi =1 Under the influence of limits, this oo — oo leads to a result of 1 Using different functions may lead to a result other than I. In conclusion, when the expressions oo + ce arise in the context of limits, the results are said to be indeterminate. This isto say, they require further investigation. 64 Vertical Asymptotes MHR 3376.5 Horizontal and Oblique Asymptotes Practise Section 6.5 Page 359 Question 1 a) horizontal asymptotes: y b) horizontal asymptotes: y = =1; vertical asymptotes: x y= -2; vertical asymptotes: x = —4, x = Section 6.5 Page 389 Question 3 a) tim 2 ») tim 2 6 ® ® tn, e) p ax42 im D2 z ) » am yor TS » i 338 MHR Chapter 6Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 65 Page 360 Question $ 2x3 a) ‘A similar result occurs as x the horizontal asymptote is y so, The equation of 2. ° ‘A similar result occurs as x + —90, The equation of the horizontal asymplote is y = ~4, A similar resull occurs as x > 20, The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y = 1. ») ‘A similar result oceurs as x > the horizontal asymptote is y = 0. ® +l ‘A similar result occurs as x + —s0, The equation of the horizontal asymplote is y = 1 6x24 4etl ott detl ee 5 Ine ‘A similar resull occurs as x + —90, The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y = -2. 6. Horizontal and Oblique Asymplotes MHR 339Section 6.5 Page 360 Question 6 a) Rewrite y axt at 5 ye =3e w 5 As [x] + 00, 2 +0. Asa consequence, (1) ap- proximates the expression 3x — 4. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = 3x — 4 ©) Rewrite y 2x? 44x41 XT 2x +2x+2x$1 a Peeesiee sea) aT 241 x41 aie w prea As fx] + 20, Z#E 2, As a consequence, (1) approximates the expression 2x +2. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = 2x +2. ©) Rewrite f(x), xi 45x24 3y +10 SO) = z S424 Se +x +10 x42 oP +2)-4 Sx? +x + 10 sxt4x410 » HD o Sxt+x+10 2 (2) approximates the expression x +5. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x +5. As Ix] > 00, » 5. As a consequence, 340 MHR Chapter 6 b) Rewrite A(x) w 4 + +0, Asa consequence, (1) ap- proximates the expression x. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x, As Ix] > 06, 4) Rewrite y. 6x2 “3-2 6x2 — de bax ayo _ 2xGx-2) +4x rs) 4x wa y = 2x a a 4 As [xl + 00, ="¥5 + 3. As a consequence, (1) ° 4 approximates the expression 2v + 5. The equation 4 ofthe oblique asymptote is y = 2x + 5. 1) Rewrite g(x) a a As Ix] > 9, = +0, As a consequence, (1) approximates the expression —x. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = —x.Section 6.5 Page 360 Question 7 a) Since the numerator has no roots, there are no scintercepts, The y-intercept is g(0) = >= 3. Since 1 is a root of the denominator, x = 1 is 4 vertical asymptote. Since g(x) — 0 as |x| + 20, ¥y = 0s ahorizontal asymptote. An interval chart is used to determine the signs of the range of the function, Interv “est valuet Signof g¢) ©) Since 1 is aroot of the numerator, the x-intercept is 1, The y-intercept is »(0) 0 or=1. Since =1 oF is a root of the denominator, ¥ = ~1 is a vertical asymptote. Since y > Las [x] > 29, ) = Lisa horizontal asymptote. An interval chart is used to determine the signs of the range of the function Intervals Sienof y b) Since 0 is a root ofthe numerator, the x-intercept is 8 0: Me ytremtn y= 2 is root of the denominator, x= ~2 is a vertical asymptote. Since y > 3 as [x] > 20, y = 3isa horizontal asymptote. An interval chart is used to determine the signs of the range of the function or 0. Since Incrals © 2) | 20) 6(0) +7 or , 20-7 Since 2 isa root of the denominator, r= is -2. The v-intercept is ¥(0) = 7 fisa vertical asymptote. Since y > 3s [r| > 20,» = 3 is ahorizontal asymptote. An interval chart is used to determine the signs of the range ofthe function. 6712 Intervals Test values Sign of) 6.5 Horizontal and Oblique Asymptotes MHR 341©) Since, is aroot of the numerator, the x-intercept 30) +4 93 is 2. The y-intercept is y(0) = 3- The y-imercept is »( <0 Since 1 is a root of the denominator, x = 1 is a vertical asymptote, Since y > -3 as |x| > 26, y is used to determine the signs of the range of the function, 3 is ahorizontal asymptote, An interval chart Intervals ‘Test values Sien of. Section 6.5 Page 360 Question 8 3 8) As [x] + oe, > 0. Asa consequence, the function approximates 2x +3. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = 2x +3. 342 MHR Chapter 6 x8 0 Sic 1 a wat of te deminer ; 3 wcal uyonae Seep 3a Se 2 is Z. The g-intercept is (0) or = 5 The g-intercept is g(0) 6 By As Is] > oo, <5 +0. As a consequence, the function approximates ~2x, The equation of the oblique asymptote is y©) Rewrite y a 4 As |x] + 00, = 40. As consequence, the func tion approximates x. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x. 4) Rewrite y w As fx] + 00, 27 +0, As a consequence the function approximates x + 4. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x-+4. ©) Rewrite s(0), 2 s= a As It] + 00, 72 40. As a consequence, the =i function approximates ~1 + 2. The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = —1-+2, 1) Rewrite y

00, the function approaches « horizontal As x > oo, the function approaches a horizontal asymp- asymptote of y = ~2. tote of y = 2. Section 6.5 Page 361 Question 14 a) 6.5 Horizontal and Oblique Asymplotes MHR 345v — — » Jim Vb eae 5— x= tim | (Vere aees - x) VERS HS ( Vx + 3x45 4x. tax 45— = lim = lim Section 6.5 Page 361 Question 15 ») F(x) is asymptotic to g(x) = x7 ©) ip Dividing 5x4 + 1 by x* + 1 yields Sx? wal wo h(a) = 0. The result is that g(x) is asymptotic 5x? 5 4 ii) Dividing 3x'—2x-41 by x41 yields 3x? — Sx-45———— Asx > 99, 4 +0 therenkista haisanmpt 346 MHR Chapter 6Poo) 4) Denote a rational function by 7, where P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials of degree m + k and m respectively =) nis a whole number and k is # natural number. p, and g, are the coefiicients of the th term of P(x) and Q(x), respectively. Lax! tim PO — in be OG) Kee Lax an, Bran mE nat a PO) oe Section 6.5 Page 361 Question 16 As Ix] 6, behaves as (1); a polynomial of degree k b) Use the TABLE feature. he graphing calculator to approximate a limit of 0.0498, correct to four decimal places 6.5 Horizontal and Oblique Asymplotes MHR 3476.6 Curve Sketching Practise Section 6.6 Page 370 Question 1 1 a) vi f has a y-intercept of ~. vertical asymptote of x = 2, and a horizontal asymptote of y = 0, 2, and a horizontal asymptote of y = 1) viii, £ has a y-imtercept of 0, a vertical asymptote of x I ©) iii, The function has a y-intercept of vertical asymptotes of x = +2, and a horizontal asymptote of y 5 6 ¥ The fain asa nerf vets agmpleof x = 2, anata wpe of = BE etalon mcu cd retusa spmpaiccls cP enstorend eye of) 6 D ceway-menepsfOsveiel symputechr = endanobge ampere) =o? i) ii, k has a y-intercept of 0, vertical asymptotes of x = +2, and a horizontal asymptote of y = 1. +a vertical asymptote of x = 2, and an oblique asymptote of y = ) vii. The function bas a y-intercept of and a horizontal asymptote of y = 0. 1) xii. f has a y-intercept of 0, vertical asymptotes of x = Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 6.6 Page 372 Question 3 a Since there aze no critical numbers, there are no extrema, ‘There is a point of inflection at (0,0) ») Peo 348 MHR Chapter 6° si) =0 3007-420) = 0 Ix(x- 2x +2)? = 0 0.42 s'@)=0 (2? = 4°66) + 6x(2)02" = 4)(2%) = 0 6(x? = 4)(5x2 = 4) = 0 ‘There are no local maxima, A local minimum occurs at (0, ~64), 2 =) ints of inflection occur at = Points of inl We as 0) ana (= a 60x? - 30x = 0 xQx'-1) =0 ‘A local maximum occurs at ( aa) Wi. a 2. 12x? — 24x = 0 x(x? -x-2)=0 9 ° 1203 xt = we 36x? - 24x -24 = 0 3x?-2x-2=0 24 VITRO xe 6 lev ry A local maximum occurs at (0,2). Local minima occur at (~1, ~3) and (2, —30), 14 v7 ~234 v7 80V7 BBA) a ( 30 + 80 7 Points ofinteton osu ( 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR, 3490 Hx) =0 =15 4 18x 3x7 =0 a 6x45=0 (-De-H=0 x= lors n@) =0 18-6x=0 x=3 A local maxinvum occurs at (5,27). A local minimum occurs at (1, ~5). A point of inflection occurs at (3, 11) Section 6.6 Page 372 Question 4 a) # Frame the curve, Since ~2 is a root of the denominator, the function has a vertical asymptote of x = —2. Since and (2,60). y < Oon x € (2,2) 0 pel y>Oonx € (-00,— ‘¢ Find important points. The y-intercept is oa or —1. The x-intercept is 2. dy dx ° wr —0- 26) wae ‘ ma #25 é (+2 ‘There are no extrema and no points of inflection. ‘* Add details, No symmetry, IL is not necessary to determine intervals of concavity 1b) # Frame the curve, Since there are no roots of the denominator, there are no vertical asymptotes, Since the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the function has horizontal asymptote of y = 0. Since both the numerator and denominator are postive forall eal numbers, f(1) > 0 for all R. ‘* Find important points. The y-intercept is or 2, There is no intercept portant pr srintercept is p ‘Sketch the curve. sya 48 are Lmao Gaze 3P-12 of concavity 350 MHR Chapter 6©) «Frame the curve. Since there are no roots of the denominator, there are no vertical asymptotes. Since the degrees 1 ofthe numerator and denominator are the same, the function has horizontal asymptote of y = 1 or y = 1. Since the denominator is postive forall real numbers, the sign of the function is determined by the numerator. y > 0 on Ix] > Land y <0 on [xl <1 + Find important points. The y-imerceptis [or 1. The s-intercepts ate x? — 1 = 0 or x = 41 1 Sketch the curve. Since f"(0) > 0, a local minimum exists at (0,1). Points of inflection exist at 1 1) “a2 '* Add details. Since y(x) = y(-x), the function possesses even symmetry, It iS not necessary to determine intervals of concavity 4) + Frame the curve. Since £2 are roots ofthe denominator, the function has a vertical asymptotes of Since the dogree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the function is asymptotic to the x-axis ‘Comparison of the root of the numerator and the two roots of the denominator reveals y < 0/on x € (—ee, ~2) and (0,2). y > Oomx € (2,0) and (2,26), ‘¢ Find important points. The y-intercept is 0 0, The x-intercept is also 0. waa ay a «Sketch the curve =0 =0 @y ax ‘There are no local extrema. A point of inflection exists at (0, 0) ‘© Add details. Since »(x) = —y(—x), the function possesses odd symmetry. It is not necessary to determine intervals of concavity 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR 351©) « Frame the curve, Since there ate no roots of the denominator, there aze no vertical asymptotes, Since the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the function is asymptotic to the x-axis. Since the denominator is positive for all real numbers, the sign of the function is determined by the numerator. y <0 on xOonx>0. or 0, The x-intercept is also 0. ‘* Find important points. The y-intercept is ~ aT 1 Sketch the curve. (2 D6) — B= 3IDEO? + T+ bx(x2 Gs x=0,8V3 33 Rw Poin finecon exist (0.0), (~V5,—25%), ana (V5, 477) ‘# Add details. Since y(x) = —y(-x), the function possesses odd symmetry. It is not necessary to determine intervals of concavity {1 ¢ Frame the curve, The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptotes at x = +1. Since the degrees of the numerator and denominator are equal, the function is asymptotic to y = 2 or y = 2. Since the numerator is non-negative forall real numbers, the sign of the function is determined by the denominator. y < 0.on |x| < 1 and y>Oon [xl > 1 20) + Find important points. The y-intercept is = 0, The x-intercept is also 0, ay a (2 = 4x) - 220) G1 a4 Coa x=0 &y a. =0 1 Sketch the curve. 0 GD no roots Since f"(0) < 0, a local maximum exists at (0, 0). There are no local minima, There are no points of inflection, ‘© Add details. Since g(x) = s(-x), the function possesses even symmetry, It is not necessary to determine intervals of concavity 352 MHR Chapter 6g) © Frame the curve. The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote at x = 1. Since the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the function is asymptotic to the x-axis. Since the denominator is non-negative for all real numbers, the sign of the funtion is determined by the numerator. y <0 on x < and y > Oonx > 0. 400 ‘* Find important points, The y-intercept is or 0, The x-intercept is also 0 1» Sketch the curve. ‘There are no local maxima. Since f"( bb) © Frame the curve. The denominator can be factored as x — x" = x(1 +x)(1 — x). The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptotes at x = 0, x = —1, and x = 1, Since the degree of the numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the function is asymptotic to the x-axis, Since the numerator is positive for all real numbers, the sign of the function is determined by the denominator. y < 0 for x € (-1,0) and (1,0) and y > 0 for x € (~09,—1) and (0, 1) ‘* Find important points, There are no x-intercepts and no y-intercept. Boo 1 Sketch the curve. (18x) = Ox? = 3)Q)(x =P) = 3x2) Gey ~ (6x4 — 3x24 1) aoe ° sce" (~4e) 0 ata minimum exists at (5,23). mete reno pits fintestion B ‘© Add details.“ Since A(x) = h(x), the function possesses odd symmetry. It is not nevessary to determine intervals of concavity 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR 3534) + Frame the curve, The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote at x = 0. Since the degree of the ‘numerator is less than the degree of the denominator, the function is asymptotic to the x-axis. Comparing the roots of the numerator and denominator With an interval chatt yields y < 0 for x € (-2e, 1) and (0, 1) and y > 0 for x € (1,0) and (1, ce) ‘¢ Find important points. There are x-intercepts at x 1. There is no y-intercept ay a SOx) = (8 = 3x 1 Sketch the curve. +Vv6 Since "J5) <0, aoc meximum exist (v5, -2=) yi Since "(-V3) > 0, a local minimum exists at (3 -3) i os 5 Points of inflection exist at (-ve <) ana (Vv ) 6v6 6v6. Add details. Since y(x) © —y(-s" he function poresses odd symmety. His nt necessary to determine intervals of concavity Section 6.6 Page 372 Question S 1 a) © Frame the curve, The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote at x = 0, As [x] > 29, + > 0, thus leaving (x) to approximate its oblique asymptote y = x + Find important points. Solving f(x) = O reveals x-intercept o ‘Theze is no y-intercept. ‘Sketch the curve. no roots ‘There are no local extrema and no points of inflection, =F (-x), the function possesses odd symmetry 354 MHR Chapter 61b) © Frame the curve, The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote at x = 1. As [x] + 98, leaving f(x) to approximate its oblique asymptote y = 1+ 2x + 1 or y = 2x42. ‘» Find important points. £a=0 1 Sketch the curve. VB A toca maximum existe (1 = Aol minimum exist ( ‘There are no points of inflection ‘© Add details, There is no symmetry ©) « Frame the curve. The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptote at x = £1. As [x] > oe leaving y to approximate its oblique asymptote y = 1 + 2x. 0 + Find impostant points. The y-intercetis 1+0-+ =>" ot 1. Determine the x-intercept. 1 Sketch the curve. 2 pxtax-1=0 Technology reveals an approximate x-intercept of 0.8: — ; Vee > ¥ Daa is sta (YET 52) na (ESSE, A point of inflection exists at (0, 1). ‘© Add details, There is no symmetry. 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR 3554) + Frame the curve, The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote at x = 0. The function can be 4 4 rewritten as y=x+4. As [x] > 00, 4 + 0 and the function eventually approximates its oblique asymptote yex ‘¢ Find important points. There is no x- or intercept ‘Sketch the curve. ay _ x Since f"(2) > ‘There is no point of inflection. 1 Add details. Since y(x) = —y(—x). the function has odd symmetry ‘* Frame the curve, The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote at x = 0. The function can be Ba rewritten a8 y yex-2 ‘* Find important points, Setting y = 0 and solving reveals x-intercepts of 3 and ~1 3 + co, 2 + 0 and the function eventually approximates its oblique asymptote ay 1 Sketch the curve. a no roots ‘There ate no local extrema, otc ‘» Add details The function has neither even nor odd symmetry, 356 MHR Chapter 6f) « Frame the curve. The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptotes of 1 = £1. The function can be . rewritten as A(t) = As [el + 00, 1 > 0 and the function eventually approximates its oblique asymptote ‘* Find important points, The curve passes through the origin. Ke PQn) 1 Sketch the curve. oa A-3e ee 2-3) ny ove 5? Since h"(—V3) < 0, a local maximum exists at (8 2) Since (> 0, ol minimum exe at ( v3, 292) Since h"(0) | point of inflection exists at (0,0) ‘* Add details. Since h(t) = ~h(—1), the function possesses odd symmetry. 8) ¢ Frame the curve, The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote of x = 0, The function ean be 30x 5 revriten as y = —2x +6 —2%=)) six} -+ co, 28X=) andthe function eventually approximates its oblique asymptote, y = 2x + 6° ‘» Find important points. There is no y-intercept. The x-intercept is 1 «Sketch the curve. 4 ae CH=)? = (DE-DE Got Since f"(-2) <0, a local minimum exists at (~2, 13.5). A point of inflection exists at (1,0). ‘© Add details. The function has neither even nor odd symmetry. 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR_ 357hh) © Frame the curve. The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote of x = -2. The function can be 4 ‘4 rewriten as y = x~ 24 =25. As lal > oe asymptote y = x—2 ‘* Find important points. The curve passes through the origin, — 0 and the function eventually approximates its oblique 1 Sketch the curve. sa=0 («+900 - 0) @te x4) 4 + =0o0r —4 Since f"(—4) < 0, a local maximum exists at (~4, -8). Since "(0) > 0, a local minimum exists at (0, 0). Add details. The function has neither even nor odd symmetry. Section 6.6 Page 372 Question 6 2 # Frame the curve, As [x] + 08, = 0 and the function eventually approximates the x-axis, Since both the sitive forall R. ‘numerator and denominator are positive, the function is px «Find important points. The y-intercept is 2. + Sketch the curve. 4 dx ° =4e war x=0 sine #2 coats=0.a he maxim (0.2) ‘There are no local minima Since 2% me ‘© Add details. Since y(x) = y(—x), the function has even syrametty. 1 13 atx =+-4, points of inflection exist at (44, 3 wr ( ) 388 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.6 Page 372 Question 7 a) ¢ Frame the curve. The root of the denominator defines a vertical asymptote of r = 0. As r > 09, > 0 and the function eventually approximates the r-axis. Since both the numerator and denom- {nator are positive, the function is positive for all R. «* Find important points Mao HC) 80 000 240.000 no roots no roots ‘There are no local extrema or points of inflection, ‘* Add details, Due to the reciprocal nature of the function, as r increases, h decreases. 1 Sketch the curve. Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 9 a) b) © Frame the curve, The root of the denominator de- fines a vertical asymptote of r = 0. As r > 80.000 50.000 "0 and the function eventually approximates the function f(r) = 2er?. The function is positive for all positive real numbers. ‘¢ Find important points, s@=o Sr) =0 prom There is a local minimum at r = V 20000 ‘There are no local minima or points of inflection. 1 Add details. None. 1» Sketch the curve. b) The force is undefined at x division by zero. ©) Since F(2) = 0, the force is zero at x = 2. and x due to 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR_ 359Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 10 a) i) Two views of ¢ appear below. x € [6,6], y €[-150, $50] xe[-2.2], ye [1,3] ) Estimates may vary, 80x" — 240x + 60 into the graphing calculator and use the Zero operation. Concave down- 1 846, 0,256), (1.590, 00); Points of inflection: ili) Enter g"(x) ward: (oe, 1,846), (0.256, 1,590); Concave upward: (1.846, 268.0), (0.256, 1.296), and (1.590, =44.30), x € (6.6), » € [150,550] xe[-2.2], ye 13) ) i) g(x) = —34°425x9— 15x24 110x is graphed il) Enter g"(x) = ~60x? + 150x — 30 into the graphing below. culator and use the Zero operation. Concave downward: (~1.673, 0.203) and (1.470, o0);, Concave upward: (6, ~1.673) and (0.208, 1.470); Points of inflection: 1.673, ~303.756), (0.203, 21.959), and (1.470, 188,047) x € [6,6], y € [-600, 400] fi) Estimates may vary. 360 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 11 a) i) x € [-26, 19}, y € [120,400] Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 12 a) The roots of the numerator define x-intercepts at S and 4. There is no y-intercept. The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptotes of x = 0 and x = 2. Since the degree of the numerator is fone less than the degree of the denominator, the function is asymptotic to the “3 Tes values fi) Estimates may vary. iit) Determine the critical numbers. (x) =0 8) —2x4(x— 3) F 2x¥(x- 5) Go or Local minima exist at (0,0) and (6, 144) ii) Bstimates may vary iif) A local minimum exists at (~0.787, 14.240). A lo- ceal maximum exists at (0.914, 0.275). b) The roots of the numerator define x-intercepts at O and 2. The y-intercept is 0, The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptotes of x = —1 and x = 3. Since the degrees of the numerator and denominator ae equal, as |x| > 20, A(x) > 5, The function has a horizontal asymptote of y 100203 “Test values Signof i 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR 361©) The roots of the numerator define x-intercepts at O and 3. The y-intercept is 0, The roots of the denominator define vertical asymptotes of x = —4 and x = 2, Since the degrees of the numerator and denominator are equal, a8 [x] > 20, y > 1. The function has a horizontal asymptote of y Teat valves Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 13 a) Answers may vary. The family of curves below uses k = =15, -8,~3,0, and 1. All members have a vertical asymplote al x = 0, an oblique asymp- tote of y = x, and an x-intercept of 1 4) There will be two s-inteoepts if x2 4 2x + k isa perfect square. Thus, & = 1, and the s-intercepts ae 1. Ie will also have two intercepts if x ~ Lisa factor of x? + 2x +k Pa2U)+k=0 ke ‘The s-intercepts are I and ~3. 362 MHR Chapter 6 4) The roots of the numerator define x-inlercepts al O and 3. The y-intercept is 0, The roots of the de- nominator define vertical asymplotes of x = =] and x = 2. Since the degree of the numerator is fone more than the degree of the denominator, the function has an oblique linear asymptote. Long di- vision reveals its equation as y = x ~ 7, 100203 Intent fam @2) eat a) Test vas Signof fo) b) Expanding the numerator and simplifying the pression leads to 3 yext 2k) tk w (32 2k)x +k As [xl > 26. = Oand the function approximates the line y = x 6) When the quadratic numerator of (1) is 0, the fune- tion will intersect its oblique asymptote, Deter- imine when its discriminant is greater than or equal tozero, (22k) 4(k- EO 4- 8k 44k? 4k? + 12k >0 4k +420 kod ‘The function will intersect y = x if k > 1Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 14 a) g(x)=0 aft) ax? we), axt 1) The transformation x -> x? maps all real numbers except 0 to positive real numbers. Since J is concave upward over the positive real numbers, ¢ will be concave upward for negative and positive numbers. ¢ is concave upward at x = 0, since it is concave upward on either side of 0 and g is differentiable at x = 0, Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 15 P(e) sax tbe sexed S10) = Bax! 4 2bx be Substitute given coordinates. f-3)=3 ~2a+9b—3e4d=3 a £3) =0 2a—ob+e=0 @ £Q)=0 80+4b+ 204d =0 @ so a+ 4b+e=0 a Reduce system of equations. 35a—5b-+Se B)-0 152-106 =0 Q-a 3a—26=0 © 250+256=3 5x@)-()=() 125a=6 25x (6) 42% (1) 6 oe @) Perform back substitution. substitute (8) into (6) ® substitute (8) and (9) into (4) 20) substitute (8), (9), and (10) into (3) 6 wos | 132 ‘The cubic function f(x) = Pex! + Tex? — Tax + TOE satiation the requirements 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR_ 363Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 16 a) Let f(x) = ax? + bx? + ex +d be the general cubic function PQ) =3ax? + 2bx +e Sa) =0 bax +2b=0 ) The general cubic function with x-intercepts p, q, and r is given by L(x) = k(x = px - g(x — 1) = k(x? - (p+ q+ r)x! + (pr + ar + pa)x — par) ren compu fo ar the vert Section 6.6 Page 373 Question 17 a) OG) = 4x 4 Spx? 42 Oe) =0 12x + 6px+2=0 6x? + 3px t1=0 ‘The discriminant of the above quadratic is 9p? ~ 24 : wa i oc) wtbren pois tient 24 Oo <2 Section 6.6 Page 374 Question 18 a) ’ «(han ) * rn 3a. (a5-3) 5 to the origin, Hence X = x-+ = and ¥ = 364 MHR Chapter 6: . Year y+ 9a * 5! wore (eB) x “(<-5) =F(-X), F(X) is an od function 1) Allubic functions possess odd symmetry with especto thee poat of inflection ©) Since FOO Section 6.6 Page 374 Question 19 Every quadratic function has even symmetry with respect to its axis of symm Section 6.6 Page 374 Question 20 ‘Answers will vary. 6.6 Curve Sketching MHR 3656.7 Introducing Optimization Problems Practise Section 6.7 Page 382. Question 1 cction 6:7 Page 382 Question 3 From mn = 1000, the constraint = “2° can beob- From g24gh = 2700, the constant b= 208 ag ane, Subeotehsscladonsipinto R= m-+ mam sine, Subst his reaionsip ito W = 52h 1000 and optimize Ramet Rim) =0 wee (e*) 4g 27005 ° rene wig =0 2700 = 342 woo 38 = 900 Since R"(10¥T0) > 0, a minimum value for R occurs £=30,¢>0 when m = 10VT0, . 3g W's) =—-> 2 Since (30) < 0, a maximum value for W occurs when ¢ = 30. Substituting ¢ = 30 into the constraint 2700 ~ 900 yields » = 2700900 aH "5 Apply, Solve, Communicate Section 6.7 Page 382 Question 4 Let the dimensions of the playpen be x and y, in metres. Let A be the area of the playpen. The perimeter ofthe playpen provides the constraint 2x +2y = 16 or y = 8 ~x. Substitute the constraint into the area model and optimize. Azxy = x8») saxo AG) =0 8-2e=0 xed ANa) = -2 4or 4, To achieve Since A"(4) < 0, A(4) is a maximum, Substitute x = 4 into the constraint to reveal » = ‘maximum area for the playpen, the dimensions should be 4'm by 4m. 366 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.7 Page 382 Question 5 Let x and y be the dimensions of the corral, in metres. Let A be the area, A=xy w Since the perimeter P, remains constant at 40 m, we have 40 2x+y=40 y= 40-2 @ Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize. x(40 ~ 2x) = 40x — 23? Aa) =0 40-4 =0 10 @) AN) = 4 Since A"(x) < 0, x = 10 provides a maximum result. Substitute (3) into (2). 40-210) =20 y ‘The dimensions producing maximum area are 10 m by 20 m, Section 6.7 Page 382 Question 6 Let x and y be the dimensions of the garden, in metres. Let P be the perimeter. Pe2x+2y a Since the area, A, remains constant at 32 m?, we have A=32 xys32 @ Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize vam xa4y2 2) 128 pro = Since P'(x) > 0, x = 4V7 provides a minimum result, Substitute (3) into (2), 32 wi =4y2 ‘The dimensions requiring the least amount of feneing are 4V3 m by 4m, 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 367Section 6.7 Page 382 Question 7 a) Let x and y be the dimensions of each of the 12 pens, in metres. Let A be the total area, A= 3x0) xy a Since the perimeter P, remains constant at 100 m, we have P=100 lox + 1Sy = 100 100 - 16x , oat Q) Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize. 3) stitute (3) into (2) ‘The dimensions of each pen producing maximum area 25 10 are = mby Sm 3 3 Section 6.7. Page 382 Question 8 b) For a two-by-six arrangement, the perimeter con- stint is P= 18+ 14 P= 100 18x + 14y = 100 50 - 9x y a 7 Substitute (4) into (1) and optimize. anax(2* 9 2) = F(50x- 9x4) AX) =0 o 25 xe= 6) Substitute (5) into (4). De , 7650-18 ‘The dimensions of each pen producing maximum area 25 by 25 ae = mby =m ©) The three-by-four grid encloses greater area 1) Let x and h be the width and height ofthe tunnel, respectively, in metres, Let A be the cross-sectional area, Aah a Since the width, w, ofthe cardboard, remains constant at 4 m, wa4 xthed x=4-2h @ Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize A bixih Aa) =0 im 4-4h=0 A @ Since A”(h) <0, 1 provides a maximum result. ‘To maximize the cross-sectional area, the fold should be made 1 m from each edge. 1) Substitute (3) into (2). x=4-2(1) =2 ‘The dimensions of the tunnel are I m by 2.m, Sulficient dimensions depend on the size of the child, 368 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.7 Page 383 Question 9 a) Let x and h be the width and height of the battery, respectively, in centimetres. Let Z be the total wall length. L=2x47h w Since the total top area remains constant, xh = 6(65) a @ # Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize. zam47(2) 2730 x = 2x4 LD =0 13 VIR65, x >0 @ Since 1"(VT365) > 0, x = 1365 provides a minimum result. Substituting (3) into (2) yields a height of Ve VTE 5 or 2735 rn, Fora insu total wall length, the dimensions should be VT365 em by= > em, ‘b) The arca of each cell of this battery is 17.5 x 3.75 or 65,625 cm*. Substitution of this value in the above calculation 105 Teads to an optimal top width of tem, Since this more than 22.5 em, the design has not used the optimum 23 dimensions in the manufacturing of the battery Section 6.7 Page 383 Question 10 a) Let w and h be the width and height of the rectangular window, in metres. Let P be the perimeter P= 2w+2h @ Since the area, A, remains constant at 12 m°, A=i2 @ Substitute 2) w=2V3,w>0 ® Since PY(2V3) > 0, w = 2V3 provides a minimum result, Substitute (3) into (2) 12 Wi wi ‘The dimensions of the rectangle producing minimum perimeter are 2v5 m by 2V3 m. 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 369b) Let b and ie be the base and altitude of the isosceles triangular window, in metres. Let P be the perimeter. 2 2 rensayr(2) =b4 VaR ae o Since the area, A, remains constant at 12 m*, Aan bh tha 2 m4 = @ 4aF @ Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize paoeya( =b+ ee 6 h Po=0 4 »( 26+ —=___ ) -»*- Vns0a roi =0 ( 2204+ ) 2" __»_ Via =0 ‘ Vx3044+ 5 V2304 + 64 = 2304— Ht 23046" + b* = 23047 — 2(2304)6* +B 2304 oe = 168 b=4V3, b> 0 3) Substitute (3) 24 we _6 V9 - 3 =2927 ‘The isosceles triangle yielding minimum perimeter has a base of 43 m and an altitude of 2077 m, 370 MHR Chapter 6©) Let r and h be the radius of the semicircle and the b perimeter. P=ar+2r+2h = (42 42h Since the area, A, remains constant at 12 m*, A=12 rh = 12 24 Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize. pete aeea (4 rat roo wa ‘Substitute (3) and (4) into (2). u 2-24) ne — ee @ *(VZ5) 2 _ @ ma 3 ONG 24- ar height of the window, respectively, in metres. Let P be the @ ° o 1 6 6 Te dimensions ofthe window yielding minisaum perimeter are 2y/—°— m by 2y/—° > m 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 3714) Let band h be the base and height ofthe rectangular component of the window, in metres. Let P be the perimeter. P=36+2h Since the area, A, remains constant at 12 m*, A=12 a Yip bia Oa? 22 +7 Ve n-¥ h 3 Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize. P(by=0 a 8 48 64N3 “6a 64 _ 4864.V3) ay 1666+ v3) Tr _ Aver b Substitute (3) and (4) into (2). a 3) @ ‘The dimensions of the window yielding minimum perimeter are b x h = 372 MHR Chapter 6 hSection 6.7 Page 383 Question 11 a) Let x and h be the side length of the base and height of the package, respectively, in centimetres. Let A be the surface area Aare seh o Since the volume, V, remains constant at 1000 cm’, = 1000 ® Suftiute (2) no (1) and opine Aare ote (20) 3) Substitute (3) into (2), 1000 108 =10 ‘The dimensions of the package yielding minimum surface area are 10 cmx10 1b) Answers may vary 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 373Section 6.7 Page 383 Question 12 Let h be the side length, in mets of the square cut from cach comer. From the dimensions of the sheet metal, 0.. -2w =0 2/3600 — Ww 560 3600 3600 — w? = w' 2 = 3600 w= 1800 w=30V2, ‘The trough should be 30VZ cm wide in order to maximize its capacity 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 379Section 6.7 Page 384 Question 20 Let 2x and y be the dimensions of the rectangular accent, in mettes. Let A be the area of the accent. A=2xy w ‘The semicircular window provides a constraint on the variables. A(x) =0 ax =0 8 The wid ofthe accent is 2 ( ) or ¥Zm. Substitute ¥ 1 3 y “f | + vi (3) into (2), a 1 2 . Fimby 4 The dimensions that maximize the area ofthe stained glass accent ae 3m by =m. 380 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.7 Page 384 Question 21 Let x and y be the dimensions of the rose garden, in metres. Let A be the area of the rose garden and the lawn ‘combined A=(x+6(9+20) ‘The area of the rose garden provides a constraint on the variables. xy = 60 Substitute (2) into (1) and optimize. s=t10 (Se) = 60-4204 29 5 120 80+ 20x + 208 Substitute (3) into (2). ‘The dimensions of the rose garden that minimize the total area are x x y = 10VEm x 3VZm, Section 6.7 Page 384 Question 22 a) (p= 8444 12" Determine the critical numbers of F. F=0 32 4367? =0 PCa +9) =0 9 r=0or wn (9 = Determine the maximum flow rate ()-4G) -*@) _ 98+ 120) =e) _us7 “Sir When k= 8 and ¢ = 12, the maximum flow rate is net Sir a lom @ 3 x pa 3) lom ») Fir) =-kr' er? Determine the critical numbers of F. Fr) =0 4kP + 3cr? = 0 (-4kr +30) = 0 se revo Determine the maximum flow rate Be 3c\* 3e\* *(%)-~(%) + (3) Bich | 274 = 7566 * Bae ct + 108e* ‘256k? _ te 56 “The maximum flow rat in terms of k and eis 2 256K 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 381Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 23 Although a strategy involving derivatives exists, often a simpler approach exists. Consider the following solution. The shortest distance from a point to a line is the perpendicular distance. The point at which the plane is closest to the tower must, therefore, lie on the line y = 2x + 3 and the line perpendicular to it through the origin. Equating 2x +3 : ; © sehinings = Ela eres y= > se, pont (-2,2) and learnt of 5 represents the closest the plane gets to the tower. Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 24 Tae growth rate equation defines a downward-opening parabola with roots of 0 and 48, The maximum of such a parabola also lies on the parabol’s axis of symmetry. Since the axis of symmetry passes through the midpoint of the roots, the equation of the axis of symmetzy is x = 24, The maximum growth rate, the y-value ofthe vertex, is 48(24) ~ 24% of 576. Hence, the maximum growth rate is 576 and it s achieved when f = 24h. Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 25 Determine the critical number(s) of P. Pig)=0 1000 | “4a? (1+) = 10.000 1+ ¢= 100, ¢>0 5-99 A gait of 99 minimizes the required power for an animal to run Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 26 Let x be the distance from C to D, in klometies. The distance from A to C can be expressed as Vx + 16. Let T be the total time taken for the rac, in hours. HI6 ve 1o-x Determine the critical numbers of T Tix) =0 an 10 km Poin 382 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 27 Determine the eritical number(s) of D. 150° 3 60v-+ A speed of 30 ms minimizes the drag. Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 28 Let be the volume of the quieter band, where I is positive constant. Let be the distance, in metres, from the quieter band. Let J be the total intensity of the two bands, of L r@=0 Determine the critical number( ( 24% 20 P* W0- a 3! = (100-4) Vd = 100-4 (1+ V3) = 100 100 d= +9 ‘The quietest location is or approximate) 145 Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 29 Determine the distance, d, between the comer of the truck and a point on the bridge. xe O54 6) Vat 34 8S Determine the critical number(s) of d dao wrt 48-3 48S 4x3 ~8x-3=0 (1.574) 314 on ‘The maximum clearance is approximately 0.077 m. 40.95 m from the quieter band, \ eet (15.3.5) 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 383Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 30 Let x be the distance to the less massive planet. Determine the critical number(s) of F. ‘The vessel should be located T+ Section 6.7 Page 385 Question 31 2 Mw ka Determine the critical number(s) of P. PUM) =0 2kM -M*=0 M(Qk-M)=0 M =0or2k Since P"(2k) <0, the body is most sensitive when M = 2k. 384 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 32 a) Let S be the strength of the source of light from each standard, The distance from A to Pis Y@ +I, The distance from B to Pis y@0 oinn) =220= 9-1) ) o-wE b) Determine 1'(x) 1x) (=e ((_s__o=s °s (Ga rer) ® Substitute k S into 1'(x) 1x) s( xx ) TBE Ga BF is atthe midpoint of / when x = 10, Determine 110). s( 10 10 ) 00+ 25 ~ 00+ 35) rao) Since 1"(10) = 0, 10is a critical number of J, Since 1"(10) > 0, a minimum value of Fis achieved at the midpoint of | when k = 5. ©) Substitute k = 20 into (1), re) os(—e Ba) AG a (Q0—x + 400y rao) as 10 10 S| Too 4007 ~ [Too 4007 0 Since I"(10) = 0, 10s a critical number of I. Since 1"(10) < 0, a maximum value of Fis achieved at the midpoint of I when k = 20, 4) From (1), 1"(x) is determined to be, Boat ere Tr") (@o=5F se ‘The position of the minimum illumination point changes when x ‘This happens when J"(10) changes sign from positive to negative 10 no longer provides the minimum value. rao) k= 300 300] _ 007 * GOOF EP 2-300 Woo i? = 300 k= 10y3, k20 When k < 10V3, 1"(10) > 0. When k > 10¥3, 1"(10) < 0. The minimum illumination point changes abruptly when k = 10V3. ©) The minimum illumination point willie on the perpendicular bisector of AB, for k < 10V3, When k = 10¥3, ‘AABP is equilateral. For & > 10V3, the minimum illumination point oceurs a the endpoints of the interval, either x=Omorx=20m £) Answers may vary. 67 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 385Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 33 finish ‘The shores distance is the stright line distance onthe net ofthe rom. Let d be the distance the spider must teal, in mets im a= Vere VOs532 + 0-027 anlf St 4 Lene ‘l =82 * = ‘The minimum distance the spider must walk is 82-m. Sm Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 34 since [0,4], »20, te beth distance fom te point (01 f the gene point onthe a (x VE Vian? + ay? ————— Ve-o+ (8-1) Vp Ox HT = Ver 41 Determine the critical numbers(s) of d. (x) xt dy Weel » V¥oe1 @xt—1) x(x (5) zone ("2) main, x € = for k > 2, the closest point is the Ly Ik < 1, the most the closest point remains a2 dita pois ar endpoint 1 1, he most isan poms (00) Hk = Trending and (0,0) weal unit away. 386 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 35 a) Let r and h be the base radius and height of the cylinder, respectively. Let be the volume of the cylinder. Vaarh a The sphere provides a constraint on rand h Gr? + = ky @ = Fann) Determine the critical number(s) of V. 8 1b) Let r and h be the base radius and height of the cylinder, respectively, Let V be the volume of the cylinder. V=arh a “The cone provides a constraint on r and fh, hok-r 2 Substitute (2) ito (1). Verrk-n) = kr Py Determine the critical number(s) of V. vin=o a(2kr ~3r°) =0 12k =3r) =0 2k r=Broo fo) 6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 387Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 36 Let R and HT be the base radius and height of the cup, respectively. Let V be the volume of the cup, RH a ‘The sector of the disk provides a constraint on R and I 4 R= ® Substitute (2) into (2. va5e- nn oe) typ H = fen) Determine the critical number(s) of V. van =0 Span) =0 ) ® © ar ‘The maximum capacity ofthe cup is =" cubic units pacity pis Te Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 37 Assume y = P(x) and y = Q(x) are continuous and differentiable. a y=) ¥=20(0)0) ¥" =2')O'™) + ONO") =2[o'W] +200") Tey = Q(x) has a critical number atc, then O'(c) = 0. Thus, 20(€)0"(@) = 0, so y = O(x) has a critical number at 1f Q(6) is a minimum, then Q"(e) > 0. Thus for y = O%> yO =2[O'O]’ +2000" (0)? + 20()0"(e) = 20(00") Since Q"(c) > 0 for y = Q7(x) to have a minimum at ¢, Q(e) > 0. 1£ 0(6) is @ maximum, then O"(c) < 0. Thus for y = O%(x), ¥(0) = 2000") Since O"(c) < 0 for y = Q(x) to have a maximum at c, Q ‘Thus, for y = Q(x) and y = Q2(sx) to have the same type of extremum at c, Q(e) > 0. 388 MHR Chapter 6» y= OU) y= POG) y= POW)O'®) y" = O'R) P"OG)O') + POWD)O"®) = [oo] Pro D+ POCO") (O(x) has a critical number atc, then Q’(c) = 0. Determine whether y= P(Q(x)) has a critical number atc. PN) = POON) =0 ‘Thus, if y = O() has a critical number at x = ¢, then y = P(OC ©) Iy = P(x) has a minimum atc, then O"(6) > 0. Ify = Pi what type of extremum y = P(Q(s)) has atc )) has a critical number atc has a maximum atc, then O"(e) < 0. Determine [oro]? P" (+ K)O"(C) = (O)P"O(E) + POC)O"O) = POCO") For y = P(Q(x)) to have a minimum ate, since O"(e) > 0, P\(Q(0)) > 0. For y = P(Q(s)) to have a maximum al ¢, since O"(c) <0, PY(Q(o)) > 0. Thus, for y Section 6.7 Page 386 Question 38 4) Since y(40) = ~0.008(40)? + 0.41(40) or 3.6, the 1b) Let d be the distance from the bar at (40,3) and football clears the horizontal bat the general point on (x,—0.008x? + 0.41x). The distance model can be expressed as (x) and y = P(Q(x)) to have the same type of extremum at ther critical number c, P’Q( ‘The Minimum operation of the graphing cal lator determines the smallest distance between the ball and the bar to be approximately 0.585 m, 67 Introducing Optimization Problems MHR 389Section 6.7 Page 387 Question 39 a) Let T be the tangent drawn to a function at P, The shortest distance, d, from a remote point, Q.is the length ofthe segment ofthe line, N, perpendicular to T, containing P and Q. 390 MHR Chapter 6 ) Let P(x, -0.008x2-+0.41x) be the coordinates ofthe general point on y = ~0.008x? + 0.41x. The coordinates of Q are (40,3). Let m be the slope of PQ. Since the tangent, 7, is perpendicular to PQ. the slopes of the lines are negative reciprocals of one another. a ~ooiex +04t (20 sean) 0 Substitution of x = 40.132 18, the result obtained in ques- tion 38, verifies (1)6.8 Optimization Problems in Business and Economics Practise Section 6.8 Page 392 Question 1 a) Formulate the profit function, P. P(x) = R(x) - CO) xp(x) - C(x) x(50 = 0.5x) — (10+ 4x) = 50x 05x 10-4 = 05x + 46x— 10 Determine the critical number(s) of P. P(x)=0 -x+46=0 x=46 Since P"(46) < 0, profit will be a maximum for x= 46, ©) Formulate the profit function, P. PCO) = RX) - C(x) = xp() — C@) = x(10 ~ 0.002x) — (500 + 5x + 0.01x") = 10x 0.002%" — 500 - $x - 0.01x* = -0.012x2 + 5x — 500 Determine the critical number(s) of P. PQ)=0 0.024 +5=0 x= 208 Since P*(208) < 0, profit will be a maximum for x = 208. ©) Formulate the profit function, P. P(x) 1b) Formulate the profit function, P. P(x) = R(x) - C(x) px) C(x) x(10) ~ (500-4 5x + 0.013) (0x — 500 — Sx —0.01x2 0.01x + 5x — 500 Determine the critical number(s) of P. Ps) -0.02x +5 x=250 Since P(250) < 0, profit will be a maximum for x= 250. 4) Formulate the profit function, P. P(x) = RO) - CO) = xp) - CO) = x(50 ~ 0.01x) ~ (1000 + 20x + x* 40.0001) 50x ~ 0,01x" — 1000 ~ 20x — x - 0,0001x* = ~0.0001x" — 1.01x? + 30x ~ 1000 Determine the critical number(s) of P. P= 0 -0.0003x" — 2,02x +30 = 0 2.02 & VE2O2F + H0.0003)(30) = 0.0006 = -6748 or 15 Since P"(15) < 0, profit will be a maximum for approximately x = 15, (Note that this product will never make a profit.) @)— CG) p(x) = C(x) = x(9— 2x) (14 dx —3x7 +x) Determine the critical number(s) of P. PQ) =0 3x $2x4550 3x? 2-5 Gr-9G4+) = sxe ( ix = 2x? = 1 4x 3x = P44 5x—1 ) <0, pron wil bea maximum fr approximately x = s Lor 3 6.8 Optimization Problems in Business and Economics MHR 391Section 6.8 Page 392 Question 2 a) Maximum profit is realized at the x-value with the longest vertical line segment from R(x) down to C(x), ») 9 4) When P'(x) > 0, increasing production will increase profits, Section 6.8 Page 392 Question 3 a) The quadratic regression feature of the graphing calculator suggests C(x) = 0.017x* + 301.897 + 70 906.212. 1b) Using the regression equation, C(3000) = 1 128 031 9 R(x) = x(x) a Rix) =0 x(3000 — 0.01) 3000 - 0.02% = 0 = 3000 — 0.013? 0.02% = 3000 (3000) = 3000(3000) — 0.01(3000)? x= 150000 8910 000 Revenue will be maximized at x 50 000 Painting 3000 cars will eaun revenues of $8 910 000, ° PO) = R@)- Cx) 3000x ~ 0.017 — (0.017x* + 301.897x +70 906.212), 0.02722 + 2698.103x — 70 906.212 Determine the critical number of P. Paso 0.054 + 2698,103 = 0 49 964.87 Profit will be maximized at approximately x Section 6.8 Page 392 Question 4 P(x) = RO) CO) = xp(x) - CW) x(16 ~ 0.032) ~ (100 4 8x ~ 0.13? 40.0012") 16x — 0.03x? ~ 100 ~ 8x +0.1x? -0.001x° = -0.001x? 40.07" + 8x — 100 Determine the critical number of P. PQ) =0 0.00327 + 0.14x +8 =0 80 Profit will be maximized at approximately x 392 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.8 Page 392 Question 5 a) From the information gives, p(x) i a linear » RG) = xp00) function witha slope of “2 or -2 = x(1090~ 2x) 2x? + 1090 p(x) ~ $50 = —2(x ~ 120) Determine the critical number of R. Rw = 1090 - 2x. 4x +1090 = 0 x=272S ‘The price function is p(x) = 1090 ~ 2x Since R"(272.5) < 0, maximum revenue is real- ized at x = 272.5. The cameras should be sold at p(272.5) = 1090 ~ 2(272.5) or $545. or approximately 35.9% discount, 850-545 ©) To maximize revenue, the retailer is offering a 2 == ) the ret 88 ay Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 6 From the information given, p(x) is @ linear function with a slope of =—>- or ~0.0025. 3000 p(x) ~ 60 = -0,0025(x ~ 18 000) p(x) = ~0.0025x +45 +60 = 105 ~ 0,0025x Determine the revenue function, R(x), R(x) = xp(3) = x(105 ~ 0.0025x) = 108x ~ 0,0025x? Determine the critical number of R RO 105 - 0.005x = 0 x= 21000 Since RY(21 000) < 0, maximum revenue is realized at x 105 — 0.0025(21 000) or $52.50, Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 7 Irbetween 18 and 30 people sign up, the maximum revenue is 30 x $45 or $1350. Consider the case for more than 30 1000. The ticket price should be set at p(21 000) orl people. From the information given, p(x) is linear function with a slope of px) — 45 plo) Determine the revenue function, R(x). R(x) = xp) = x(75—x) Sx— x? Determine the critical number of R For more than 30 people, maximum revenue is realized at x = 37-5, This revenue is R(37.S) = 75(37.5) ~ (37.8) ot $1406.25. Maximum revenue is realized when 37 ot 38 passengers sign up. 6.8 Optimization Problems in Business and Economics MHR 393,Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 8 a) From the information given, p(x) is a linear 0.1 function with a slope of + or ~0.008. function witha slope of 2 or ~0.00 px) = 1.2 = =0,005(x - 500) plx) = -0.005x 42.5 +12 -0.008x +3.7 Determine the revenue function, RUx) = x(x) = x(-0.005x +3.7) -0.005x? 43.7 Determine the critical number of R. R(x) =0 ~001x+3.7=0 x=370 ‘Since R”(370) < 0, maximum revenue is re~ alized at x = 370. The price should be set at (370) = -0.005(370) + 3.7 or $1.85, Section 68 Page 393 Question 9 Let C be the total cost forthe trip. 1b) Formulate the profit function, P. P(x) = RG) ~Clx) = -0.005x? + 3.7 — (25 + 0.12% 40.01%) 0.005%? +3.7x 25 - 0.12x 0.0013? = ~0.006x2 + 3.58 — 25 Determine the critical number of P. Pe 0.012% +3. Since P”(298) < 0, maximum profit is real- ized at x = 298, The price should be set at p(298) = ~0.005(298) + 3.7 or $2.21 C(v) = running costs + driver's wages = 1500(0.85-+0.000404) + (2 x 1s) = 1500 (085 +008! + =) Determine the critical numbers of C. 1s (oo0i# = #8) <0 om = 35 ‘To minimize total costs the truck should be driven at approximately 57.4 km/h. Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 10 TLowill be assumed that p(x) is linear function witha slope o px) = 175 = ps) Determine the revenue function, R(x) R(x) = x00) = x(400- 15x) 100x — 1.537 Determine the critical number of R. 394 MHR Chapter 6 or. 1.5¢x ~ 150)‘Maximum revenue is realized at x = 133 rooms. The price should be set at p(133) = 400 — 1.5(133) or $200.50, Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 11 is evident that that maximum yield occurs over the interval [30, 50]. Determine the critical number of Y. ye 80-2 ' 0 Since ¥'(1) < 0, a maximum yield of ¥(40) = $0(40) ~ 40? — 1500 or 100 tis realized on the 40th day Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 12 1) Let x be the distance from D to C. Let Tbe the total cost in dollars. T(x) = 100070? + x? +.500(200 — x) = 00 (2VaB00 ++ 200) Determine the critical number(s) of T x TX) = sn( of. a D Cc B Youre rs * 200-r Since T"(x) > 0, to minimize the total cost, C should be chosen approximately 200 — 40.4 or 159.6 m from B b) Answers will vary Section 6.8 Page 393 Question 13 Determine the critical number(s) ofr. FG) =0 Since r"(7.45) > 0, the worst time to invest is month 7. Since there is only a single critical number, an evaluation of the endpoints of the interval is required. Since r(24) > r(0) > r(7.45), the best time to invest is month 24 6.8 Optimization Problems in Business and Economics MHR 395Section 6.8 Page 394 Question 14 Let C(x) be the cost of producing x steering wheels per day. 100+ 1 Sx 4 S200 C(x) Determine the critical number(s) of C C(x) =0 1s- 52008 2g soon TS cei Since €"(183) > 0, the factory should produce approximately 183 steering wheels per day to minimize costs, Section 6.8 Page 394 Question 15 Let € be the cost function of the fencing C(x) = 10x + 2y) + 4y x = 20x +24y = 4(5x +69) w “The required area constrains the variables. y y y xy = 5000 5000 ye @ Substitute (2) into (1). c-s(ue( 4) (500 208) Determine the critical number of C cw) =0 4(s- 22) «0 # 60m x= 20V15,; x>0 3) Substitute (3) into (2) To minimize the cost of fencing th dimensions of the fied shouldbe x x y= 20/75 m x SOVES 396 MHR Chapter 6Section 6.8 Page 394 Question 16 Determine the revenue function, R(x). R(x) = xp(x) = xV/9000 Determine the critical number of R Rw= Vitor) +x) 2/8000 = 8000 ~ 2x2 Va000— x? = 4000 x £632, x>0 ‘To maximize revenue, the artist should produce approximately 63 prints, Section 6.8 Page394 Question 17 a) Let A be the average cost » Ag) = £2 Sade t4y Aw @ — Determine the critical number of A(x) =a teed Ala) =0 Determine the critical number of . x) - CW) Al) =0 = 2-2-0 XC) = C(x) =0 at @ A production level of 10 000 units will yield a minimal Substitute (2) into (1). average cost, cw AO= Coy ew AG) = Cx) ‘The smallest average cost is achieved! when aver- age cost equals marginal cost 6.8 Optimization Problems in Business and Economics MHR 397Review of Key Concepts 6.1 Increasing and Decreasing Functions Section Review Page 399 Question 1 4 a» F@)=0 » oe 1-2x=0 Bee x3 x=0 1 Since y' > 0 for x < 0 and x > 0, y is increasing on Since (0) > 0, Fis inctesing on (—o0, 5) Since (oe, ). (<0, dese (2) ° #@)=0 0. ni) =0 1420-57 =0 (20) = YAO eee = =0.05 oF 4.05 ' ‘The ball isin the air on the interval (0, 4.05). 62 Maximum and Minimum Values Section Review Page 399 Question 3 a) =o a+ =0 1 Determine the function values. HB) = 3420341? = 3424) =u Ho =34 C14 VF =3 #2) =3+20+1? =3+20) = ‘Comparison of the function values reveals an absolute ‘maximum of 21 and an absolute minimum of 3. Determine the critical numbers of h H@=0 20-10r=0 122 Since W’(1) > 0, his inereasing on (0,2). Since h'(3) < 0, his decreasing on (2, 4.05) ») sa) =0 4x— dx? =0 x=) =0 x=0,41 Determine the function valves f(-3) = 2-3) = (-3)* = 16 =-19 FED = 2-1) = = 16 -15 4(0) = 20) = (07-16 =-16 £1) = 20)? - y= 16 -15 1) = 20)" - = 16 =-24 ‘Comparison of the function values reveals an absolute ‘maximum of ~15 and an absolute minimum of ~79 Review of Key Concepts MHR 399Since / has no critical numbers, determine the func- tion values atthe endpoints of the interval FHV) = (HF + 3(-1) + (1) (2° +302) +2) 8 Determine the function values. #(-2) = -2(-2)° +32)? £0) ‘Compatison of the function values reveals an absolute “207° +30 ‘maximum of 5 and an absolute minimum of —58, =-4 ‘Comparison of the function values reveals an absolute ‘maximum of 28 and an absolute minimum of ~4 Section Review Page 399 Question 4 ) i) f has an absolute maximum of 9 and an absolute minimum of ~S, fi) f has local maxima of 1, 1S and 9. f has local minima of ~$ and —0.2. 1) 1) f has an absolute maximum of 1000 and an absolute minimum of ~2550, fi) f has a local maximum of approximately 600. f has local minima of ~1850 and —2550. Section Review Page 399 Question § Piny=0 =10n + $00 n=50 Since P'(40) > 0 and P'(60) < 0, a local maximum occurs at » = 50, The company should manufacture 50 speakers to maximize profits 400 MER Review of Key Concepts6.3 Concayity and the Second Derivative Test Section Review Page 399 Question 6 a) i) f is concave upward on the imervals (~2, 1) and (5, ee). f is concave downward on the intervals (—20, ~6), (6,2), and (1, 5) ii) Points of inflection oceur at (~2,0), (1,0), and (5, 1). b) i) F is concave upward on the intervals (0,6) and (8, 20). f is concave downward on the intervals (—o0, 0) and 6.8) ii) Points of inflection occur at (0,0), (6,5), and (8,2). Section Review Page 400 Question 7 a Sa) =344r- 207 SQ) =4—4x Lo Since f" <0 for all R, f is concave downward on (—2e, 20). Since J” never changes its sign, there are no points of inflection ») ya Sx 12x? 3x42 4s Ba issta2te—3 aes x Interv ca | is) fy “Test values a ° me « 30x +24=0 sino 2 - ) + Sx+4=0 << wet Nature of eaph sonsednanad | canon ney downers (-se 4). ytapsntocitesin s (-4.28) © =1644x4x? ) y= 16 44x + Interv cs | aay Teste ° 1 or rr ot eraph mee Vin ) downeacin (on). y teapots Review of Key Concepts MAR 4014) 3x8 45x -12 ay 4 2 “2 1 # Ls Siae ots dx * ey ies “Ca aan) dx? > 12x*-6x-6=0 ‘Test values: 0 2 dd-x-1 ay see ® + p - 4 Qr+Dx-D Bot p- ye) Nasweoteigh Geet | Sista | geal Vine 1 2 9 g(x) = xt 2st bt 8) = 4 6x8 $20 sao 12x 12e42=0 6x? 6x 41 =0 --9) 4 VOTO 26) o£ 2v3 =e 326 -S A neal chat canbe we to determine intervals ofcnsavity. is concave wpa on (5 3-V5 3409 668 Ra 1), gis cnee donna ( ), aap oitesin (2228 _x-2 cas Since “ has no zeros, there are no points of inflection. Since we ° a @y a > Oforx < 5, yis concave upward on the interval (ce, 5), Since <0 for x > 5, yis concave downward on the interval (S, 29) 402. MAR. Review of Key Conceptsdy (Gt (2x) 8 2 __2x(4) (e+e _ (Gt +4 Inter 25 axt Test values G2 +4)*(1) - x2)? +4) 3 (StH -2@)G' + Han) _, (“sa ) sew 8 4a3x8 Nemeeteen = oe cm nw a ) vis concave 2 ayaxy—x4 2 2 » dy _@-H20-¥e0 & oF —— (8) nevis “ED |B) —_—__ Tetvaus a3 —__——_—_— yo . smo Boo+ bp - be fy er ee)

0 for x > 0, h is concave upward on (0, 26) Since the domain of h excludes x = 0, there are no points of inflection, Review of Key Concepts MHR 403Section Review Page 400 Question & a) £0 =0 ») 2x - 3x7 0-38) =0 2 FEOR g'(x) =2-6x Since sO) > 0,g se atocl minimum value of? Since £2 > ofor al, y at ca minima value cra Soses"(2) <0 stasiamasin ae (208 $0)4301—S. yam main of (3) - (3) « 4 3) -(3) “a ° K(x) =0 ox-24=0 vad woes Since k” > 0 for all R, k has a local minimum value of at 3(4)* ~ 24(4) + 15 or ~33. k has no local maxima a » & a dx (= Den -2a) Ww(x- GIF __2 cy @y ay Since £2 <0, y has a local maximum value of "or 0. Since “% > 0, y has a local minimum value of FE peo <0" Bena” 2 or4, 9 2 g) = 245 404 MAR. Review of Key Conceptsoy ° & 4x — 16x =0 x(x =4) Se iwt-16 ae since £2 >, y has local minimum value of (-2)*~ 8(-2)? +5 or -11, Since “2 <0, y has a local x2 eo I? a0 maximum valve of 0" ~ 8(0)? 45 or 5. Since “2 > 0, y has another local minimum value of 2¢ — 8(2)? + 5 or BE jot -IL Section Review Page 400 Question 9 (314245) = 1+ DO) Grey 15t + 10— 1st Po Since P"(t) < 0 fort € (0,20), P'() is decreasing over the same interval. 64 Vertical Asymptotes Section Review Page 400 Question 10 a) The equations of the vertical asymptotes are x 2.x = land b) Jim F() fi) lim f(x) = ~00 it) tim f(x) iv) lim, f(x) =-2 ¥) fim, f(x) does not exist vi) lim f(4) = 0 vii) lim f(x) = oe viii) tim £69) Section Review Page 400. Question 11 a) Asx 3 3°,3—¥5 0", resting in iy =~ = 20 b) Asx 3°,3— x 0" resulting in lim => Baa 7 =3 ©) Asx +t, 44-5 0 eeting in ti, 9 = oo aa 4, x44 OF result tim, = = Asx + -4,x 44-0" ceslting in im, => = ~on, : 2 ©) Asx 1, (x= 1)? 3 0" resting in tim —2 eo IF 8) Asx 9-646) > OF resulting in tim 7 8) Asx > -3", (x +3)? > 0° resulting in lim JG Review of Key Concepts MHR 405h) Asx > —3', (¢ +3)8 5 0" resulting in. lim » Bin oT 2 x42 1 im EP my PP se te Do9 Bt Loe and O° resling in tim —*+? op GGT Section Review Page 400 Question 12 a) Since ~4s aroot of the denominator and not 3 root ) Since x++3 and x+2 are factors ofthe denominator of the numerator, 4 a vertical asymptote of and not of the numerator, x = vertical asymptotes of y Sand x = —2are 6.5 Horizontal and Oblique Asymptotes Section Review Page 400 Question 13 ) The equation ofthe horizontal asymplote is y = 2, The equations ofthe vertical asymptotes are x = ~2 and x = | 1b) The equations of the horizontal asymptotes are y = -2 and y 1, The equations of the vertical asymptotes are x=-landx Section Review Page 401 Question 14 a) tim & =0° li 3 4d) 9 ina y ° f) 406. MER. Review of Key ConceptsSection Review Page 401 Question 15 a) Since 2 is a root of the denominator, x vertical asymptote Disa 3 4-3 lim =— iE 4 _— —4 ‘The function behaves similarly for x > —co. The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y ©) The denominator can be expressed as (x—5)(x+3), x = Sand x = —3 are vertical asymplotes of the function, Since the degree of the denomina- tor exceeds the degree of the numerator, y Ix] — oe, The function has a horizontal asymptote ofy=0. + Oas De-3). 5 and x = 3 are vertical asymptotes of the fune- tion. Since the degrees of the numerator and denom- inator are equal, the function has a horizontal asymp- ©) The denominator can be expressed as (2x + Section Review Page 401 Question 16 a) Rewrite y =3-2x+ w 6 As bx] > 00, 2 proximates the expression 3 the oblique asymptote is » +0, As a consequence, (1) ap- 2x. The equation of 32x, £) Rewriting the denominator yields (x — 1)(x? + h) Asx + 00, the difference between x! and 6x? con- tinues to increase, Asa result, lim (x* — 6x) = ee. i) Forx>0, l= = lim x Jim [x1 b) Since ~4is a root of the denominator, x = ~4isa vertical asymptote ‘The function behaves similarly for x > —oe. The equation of the horizontal asymptote is y = 1 4) The denominator can be expressed as (3x—2)(x- 1). = and x are vertical asymptotes of the fune- tion, Since the degree of the denominator exceeds the degree of the numerator, y > 0 as [x] ++ oe. The function has a horizontal asymptote of y = 0. x40). x = Lisa vertical asymptote of the function, Since the degrees of the numerator and denominator are equal, 1 the function bas « borizontal asymptote of y = 5 or yel b) Rewrite y. 2-5 ae 5 rd y a As Ix] + 09, +0. As a consequence, (1) approximates the expression x, ‘The equation of the oblique asymptote is y = x Review of Key Concepts MHR 407©) Division of the numerator by the denominator yields Sx +8 + the function has an oblique asymptote of y = Sx +8. As [xl > 00, +0, As aconsequence, xT x * n 8 23 ‘ d) Division of the numerator by the denominator yields 2x — 3" eat AS [x] > 90, est? 0. As a conse- avis he nso hasan obqu asymp oy = 25~ 2 ©) Division of the numeratorby the denominator yields x +44 the function has an oblique asymptote of y= x +4. {Division of the numerator by the denominator yields —x + the function has an oblique asymptote of y = —x Section Review Page 401 Question 17 a) Since ~2 is a root of the numerator, the x-intercept O21 ig -2. The y-intercept is y(0) = 2*= or -2. since 4 is a root of the denominator, x = 4 is a vertical asymptote. Since y > Las [x] + 00, y = Lisa horizontal asymptote. An interval chart is used to determine the signs of the range of the function Signot y 408 MHR_ Review of Key Concepts +0. Asaconsequence, + 0, Asa consequence, b) Since 0 is a root of the numerator, the x-intercept is 0, The yrimtercept is »(0) = 5 oF 0. Since S is a soot of the denominator, x = 5 is a vertical asymptote. Since y > Las [x] > 9, ) = Lisa horizontal asymptote. An interval chart is used to determine the signs of the range of the function ° 5©) Since the numerator has no roots, there are no x- intercepts. There is no y-intercept. Since 0 is aroot of the denominator, x = 0 isa vertical asymptote. ‘The function can be rewritten as y [x] + 00, = + O and the function approximates its oblique asymptote y = x. An interval chat is used to determine the signs of the range of the function Section Review Page 401 Question 18 Sienof y ‘The long-term cost is approximately $1.41 per pai 6.6 Curve Sketching Section Review Page 401 Question 19 a) Since y is a polynomial. the domain is ® and there are no asymptotes. x-intereepts are at 0 and 3. The yanteceptie0. Since “2 <0, oe maximum Fico @ exiat 10.0) Since *2 > 0, loa minimum exists at 2, ~4), A point of inflection exists at (1, —2) ‘The function has neither odd nor even symmetry. Review of Key Concepts MHR 409» y=o 3x5 = 10x? 4 45x = 0 x(Gx! 10x? +45) = 0 x=0 ay ax 45 =0 ° no roots ey ae 60x? — 60x = 0 15x" — 30x? oats x=0,41 ° ° 6x— 12x? =0 x(1=2x) =0 1 x=00r5 2 a y=0 ° no roots =0 0 no roots 410. MAR. Review of Key Concepts Since y is a polynomial, the domain is Rand there are zo asymptotes. The function passes through the origin. ‘There are no local extrema, Points of inflection exist at (-1,-38), (0,0), and (1, 38). Since y(x) = —y(-), the function has odd symmetry. Since y is a polynomial, the domain is Rand there are no asymptotes, The x-inlercepts are O and 1. The y-intercept is 0. Sine £2 <0, atocal maximum exists at (2, 22. a a Points of nection exist at (0,0) and (5, The funtion 276 has neither odd nor even symmetry. Tria Pyggg9 ‘The domain is (x € R |x # -2). When x < -2.y <0, When x > 2, y > 0. There are no x-intercepts. The yeintercept is 2. y has a vertical asymptote of x = —2 and horizontal asymptote of y = 0. There are no local extrema and no points of inflection, The function has neither odd nor even symmetry3 yeo ‘The domain is R. The x-intercepts are 41. The y-intercept 1-x is 1. y has a horizontal asymptote of y = — or y = =1 Tee veo Since {2 <0,thereis alocal maximum at (0,1). There 1 pin ctecina (25,4), sey we C424) — CHIQDU+MIAD _ ase D y=0 ‘The domain is (x € R [x # 41}. There are no x-intercepts. Lat 4 The intercepts 1, There are vrtialaympites a x= #1 I-* y has a horizontal asymptote of y= + or y = -1. Since no rots py dy Feijco > 0: tet is Local minimum at (0,1, There are no ax points of inflection. Since y(x) = y(~x), the function bas even symmetry. 40240 OF no roots 0 Review of Key Concepts MAR 411® ‘The domain is (x € R |x #1}. The x-intercept is 1. The syintercept is —1, There is a vertical asymptote of x = —1 3a i ee y has a horizontal asymptote of y = t or y = 1. There are odor ext) no local extrema. There are points of inflection at (0,—1) & rn (@+DGx)- 6 -DGx) a0 6x? G+ 1 dy & G8 + I*(12x) - (6x7)(2)08 + Gx?) wr 12x(1- 2x8) (e+) b) ‘The domain is {x € R |x # 0,1}. There are no xe or yntercepts. There ae vertical aympiots of x = tl and x = 0. As |x| + 0, y > 0. noroots The function is asymptotic to the w ans. A local #2, minimum is ontmed at (-4, 923). 4 toa ax wo GHD Lo smaxioem is confirmed at (5 ) There ras wot ae are no points of infleton, Since y(x) = —y(—0 25-0 the fanction bas od symmetry. (& )2(—6x) — (1 - 3x2)(2) eax no roots 412. MAR. Review of Key Concepts‘The domain is (x € R lx # 0}. There are xcintercepts of £1. There is a vertical asymptote of x = 0. As |x| + oy + 0, The function is asymptotic (o the x-axis. A local minimum is coofimes at ( ): A ca maxim i Rt confirmed at (V3, 2), Points of intecion ( v xa) 5 wea (Vi.-52) ana (Vi. 5). sine we ave (x) = +y(-2), the function has odd symmetry. a) Estimates will vary, The function is increasing on the intervals (~oe, 0) and (1,28). y is decreasing on (0,1). A local maximum is confirmed at (0,6). A local minimum is confirmed at (1, 5), The curve is concave downward on the Review of Key Concepts MHR 413») (11) - 40-11) Gx*) Lx 60 _ 0 40 stimates will vary. The function is decreasing on the intervals (22,0) and ( “°, ce), y is increasing on (0, = “ . tervals ( (f ) , ® ( mn) ‘toa mani sone at ( 60) ct concave upward on the intervg oo ‘The point of inflection is 60 21 9 eo zo roots Estimates will vary and exact quantities cannot be determined. ‘The function is increasing on the intervals, (—se, —1.684), (0.372, 1), and (1, 0). y is decreasing on (~1.684,—1) and (1,-0.372), A local maximum occurs at (—1.684, -2.229), A local minimum occurs at (~0.372, 0.789). ‘cave upward on the interval (~1, - 1). The function is concave downward on the intervals (~20, ~1) and (1, 9). There are no points of inflection. ‘The curveis con- 414 MAR. Review of Key Concepts6.7 Introducing Optimization Problems Section Review Page 401 Question 21 Let x and y be the width and height of the central rectangular area, in centimetres, Let A be the area of the entire (+8) +1) ay 12x + 8y +96 a ‘The inner area constrains the variables. acm xy = 384 @ 384 Gem yet ® I Substitute 2) and (3) into (1) ansesrioes (=) +96 2 y om? = 12 + 22 90 » 384 cm’ Determine the critical numbers of A. Ala) =0 12-32 256 16, x>0 4 Substitute (4) into (3) 384 16 =24 ‘The dimensions of the canvas that provide the smallest area are 16 +8 or 24 em wide and 24 + 12 or 36 em high, Section Review Page 401 Question 22 Let x and y be the dimensions of the bin, in metres. Since the height of the bin is fixed at 1 m, only the ares of the top needs to be optimized, Let A be the area of the top of the bin, A=x a ‘The total length constrains the variables. xtye4 yedex @ Substitate 2) into (1), A=xG-% nae? Determine the critical numbers of A. 3) Substitute (3) into (2). ‘The capacity of the bin will be maximized ifthe dimensions of the top are 2 m by 2 m. Review of Key Concepts MHR 415Section Review Page 402 Question 23 Let x be the side length of the square ends, in metres. Let y be the width of the cedar chest, in metres. a) Let C be the cost of the chest. C= 82x? + 2xy) +4229) = 16x" + 2Aay wo ‘The capacity of the chest constrains the variables, vy=2 2 yea @ Substitute (2) into (1). Determine the critical number(s) of C. ex) =0 ax- 4 o ‘To minimize the cost of the chest, the dimensions 416 MHR. Review of Key Concepts b) Let V be the volume ofthe chest vexy aw ‘The cost of the chest constrains the variables @ x=5,x>0 o Substitute (3) into 2) 150 — 215%) ETO) 100 T 20 “3 ‘To maximize the capacity of the chest, the dimen- sow stuidte 2 mby Sey =mSection Review Page 402 Question 24 Since the depth of the atic is fixed, only the area of the face needs to be optimized. Let x be the width of the face and ‘y be the height, in metres. Let A be the atea of the face. Azxy a ‘The roof line constrains the variables, @ Substitute (2) into (1). 12-3x (ES) 12x - 3x7 7 Determine the citeal numbers) ofA A(x) =0 tar 6x) =0 a 2 ° Substitute (3) into (2) ‘To maximize the capacity of the storage area, the width should be 2 m and the height should be 1.5m. Section Review Page 402 Question 25 Let h and b be the height and base of the isosceles cross section, in centimetres. Let S' be the strength of the rod, S= bh a ‘The diameter of cylinder constrains the variables. $= ving thw (2) Substitute (2) into (1). 23h Determine the critical numbers of S st a aa + “"(Gaee)) tem Substitute (3) into (2). aw 3 Review of Key Concepts MHR 417Section Review Page 402 Question 26 a) ‘After 30 min, the concentration in the bloodstream is approximately 2.35%. Section Review Page 402 Question 27 ») Pw) (+92) - 021 =4 =21>0 0.22) ‘A maximum concentration of 27 or 54 exists in +4 the bloodstream 2h after administration, Let d be the distance, in kilometres, from the factory emitting the greater amount of particulate. The distance from the other factory is 20 ~ d kilometres. Let € be the concentration d kilometres from the first factory, Determine the critical number(s) of C. 4 1 ene ‘The concentration will be the least approximately 12.27 km from the plant with the greater emission. 6.8 Optimization Problems in Business and Economics Section Review Page 402 Question 28 a) P(x) = R(x) = C(x) = xp) - = x(25 — 0.01x) — (300 000 + 10x +0.5x) = 25x — 0.01x? — 300 000 10x ~ 0.5x? = -05Ix" + 15x — 300 000 Determine the critical number of P. Piao 102x415 =0 xel47 For maximum profit, the production level should be set to approximately 14.7 units 418. MAR. Review of Key Concepts b) P(x) = RO) - CO) = xp) - CC) = x(2 - 0.001x) ~ (6000 + 0.1% + 0.013" 2x — 0.001x? — 6000 — 0.1 ~ 0.01x* = -0.011x? + 1.9x — 6000 Determine the critical number of P. P@)=0 -0022x+19=0 x 864 For maximum profit, the production level should be set to approximately 86.4 units.Section Review Page 402 Question 29 From the information given, p(x) is a linear function 50) with a slope of —" or -25, th a slope of p(x) — 1300 = -25(x — 20) p(x) = -25x + $00 + 1300 = 1800 - 25x ‘The price function is p(x) = 1800 — 25x. Determine the revenue function, R(x) RO) = xpOx) = x(1800— 25x) 25x? + 1800 Determine the critical number of R Ro) =0 50x + 1800 = 0 x=36 ‘Maximum revenue is realized at x = 36. The golf sets should be sold at p(36) = 1800 ~ 25(36) or $900, Section Review Page 402 Question 30 From the information given, p(x) is a linear function p(x) — 3 = -0.001(x — 1000) p(x) = -0.001x +143 = 4-0.001x ‘The price function is p(x) 0.001x, Determine the profit function, P(x), P(x) = RG) ~ C(x) = xp) - CO) = x(4—0.001x) — (2000 + 2.4x + 0.0008» = 4x — 0.001%" ~ 2000 — 2.4x ~ 0.008% = ~0.0018x" + 1.6x— 2000 Determine the critical number of P. PR) -0.0036x + 1.6 44 ‘Maximum profit is realized at approximately x pencils, The pencils should be sold at 4 — 0.001(444) ‘or approximately $3.56 each. Review of Key Concepts MHR 419Chapter Test Section Chapter Test Page 403° Question 1 a) Asx > =, x42 9 1 and t-9 3 08, 9 x2 resulting in lim ein D) Asx + 34 x h2 > -1* and xP 9 3 0- x42 resulting in im, = rr) ) Since the numerator tends to v0 at a greater rate than the denominator, due to their respective de- agrees, im Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 2 a) Since 1 denominator are equal, the function bas a horizontal asymptote of y = —* or y = -2 b) Since +2 are roots of the denominator, the function has vertical asymptoies of x = +2, Division of the numerator 4x-9 ‘ax 9 by the denominator yields x + |: 0. As a consequence, the function has an oblique asymptote of y = x. Section Chapter Test Page 403. Question 3 Section Chapter Test Page 403. Question 4 dy _ (+10) ~ 2x + aye z a rs +p 5 Ley =124 18x — 6x" “Gab xa 3x42 yg @=De-2=0 we x= 1or2 (3)(x + 1 wiP 2x-2) wei ty a) Since 2 < 0 for x € (-o6,1) and (2, 0) the fane- 2) Since © < Ofer x € (22,—1) and (1,2).he ign in rousing on thee intervals. ‘The function functioh is concave downward on these intervals. increasing on the interval, (1,2) Since © > 0 for x € (2,0), the function is eon.) A local minimum exists at (1,~3). A tocal maximum we exists at 2, -2) cave upward on this interval ©) The curve is concave upward on (2e, 1.5) and con- Since © changes its sgn atx = 2th function cave downvard on (15,2) fe 4 A point of nection exists a (15,25) haa pint of inteton at (2,3) 2 420 MAR Chapter 6Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 5 SO) =P 6x2 9x42. sy =0 3x? 12x49 =0 det 3-0 (X= DO-3 <0 x= Lor3 ‘The critical numbers are 1 and 3. Evaluation of the function yields the following results: (0.5) = 5.125, f() = 6, £G) = 2, and f(45) = 12.125. The function bas an absolute maximum on the interval of 12,125 and an absolute minimum of 2 Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 7 no roots sy =0 0 2x? #27) _g a9 0 Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 8 Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 6 r@ xQx)- + DO) xoal Since "(x) changes its sign from positive to negative on cither side of x = —1, a local maximum exists at (-1,-2). Since f"(x) changes its sign from negative to positive on either side of x = 1, 2 local minimum exists at (1,2) ‘The domain is {x € R |x # £3). The function passes through the origin, There are vertical asymptotes at x= 33. Asx -00, fx) > 0, f(x) + OF, The function is asymptotic to the x-axis ‘There are no local extrema, There is a point of inflec- tion at (0,0). Since y(x) = —y(—x), the function has ‘odd symmetry. AS x > oe, Let x be the side length of the square base and y be the beight of the box, in centimetres. Let V be the volume of the box. ‘The area of the material constrains the variables, aw et dey= @ Substitute) ino, ve Determine the etc! numbers of ¥ Vix =0 1 s400 3x*)=0 Lasoo - 33°) = = 500 ° v= 20V3 x>0 @ Chapter Test MHR 421Substitute (3) and (4) into (2). 2400 — 800 4@0v3) 20 ol = 10y2 ye ‘To maximize the volume, the dimensions should be 20V3 em by 20VZ em by 10VZ em. Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 9 Let x be the distance, in metres, from the junction box to where the line from the closer cottage meets the power line, Let d be the total distance, in metres, from the junction box to the cottages. d= Ve 420 + VO0- x = Vi8-+400+ vie = 60x +2500 Determine the critical numbers of d. 3 60x +2500 x! — 60x + 2500s? = x! — 60x + 130037 — 24 000% + 360 000 1200x* + 24 000x ~ 360 000 = 0 xP 420 — 30 4) The junction box should be located 10 m from where the line from the closer cottag ) Answers may vary e meets the powerline 422. MR Chapter 6Section Chapter Test Page 403 Question 10 ) From the information given, p(x) is a linear function with a slope of Sor -0,005. peo! 30 +0546 50.005 The price function is p(x) = 6.5 - 0.0085x. Determine the revenue function, R(x), R(x) = xpx) = x(65 0.0083) = 65x —0.005x" Determine the critical number of R RG) =0 65-001x=0 = 650 Since R"(x) < 0, maximum revenue is real- ized at x $50, The mulfins should be sold 65 ~ 0.005(650) or $3.25 per Section Chapter Test Page 404 Question 11 Let $ be the strength of the lumber, S=aw ‘The diameter of the tee constrains the variables. Paw a48 = 2304 Substitute (2) into (1). 5 = (2304-1) = (23041 - 1) Determine the critical numbers of S. s(=0 (2304 - 37) =0 P= 768 12207 Substitute (3) into (2), 2304 — 768 2392 db) PG) = ROX) C) = 65x ~ 0.005x7 — (300+ x +0.01x*) = 65x —0,005x? — 300 ~ x - 0.01%" ~0.015x? +5.5x - 300 Determine the critical numbers of P. P(x) =0 -003x+55=0 x 21833 Since P(x) < 0, maximum profit occurs at a produe- tion level of approximately 183 dozen, a 48 om ‘To maximize the strength ofthe lumber, the dimensions should be approximately 39,2 em by 27.7 em. Chapter Test MHR 423,Section Chapter Test Page 404 Question 12 Let x and y be the dimensions ofthe floor, in metres, as shown in the diagram, Let L be the total wall length, L=2x+3y aw ‘ett oo sce onsite vals ye = (2) Subsite) it (0) nd pine , L=aee3(!2) E(x) =0 x 0 1 x= 56, x>0 QB) 10v6 Susiting (it (2) yey = "2 minnie tel wal eg te dimes of ear shou be si mby 10% oy Secon Chaper et Page 404 Queston33 a) cso (2 + 2t + 2)(0.12) - 0.120(21 + 2) ° (P+ 2+ 2P 7 2-8 Pen sD ‘The concentration of the drug in the bloodstream will be at a maximum after approximately 1.41 b 0.123 242V2+ Section Chapter Test Page 404 Question 14 Determine the revenue function, R(x), Bb) The concentration is C(V2) = or approximately 0,0249 mg/em? R(x) = xp(x) 32x aR 300 Determine the critical numbers of R. RU) (x2 32x + 320)(32) ~ 32x(2x - 32) GF 32e 4320 324 Bets e 320 2179 ‘To maximum revenue, approximately 18 000 candies should be sold. 424 MHR Chapter 6Section Chapter Test Page 404 Question 15 9(x2 + Sx) = 40.000 45x - 40.000 = 0 45) = ESF =F 0 ay 5642, x>0 Property tax revenue will be maximized with approximately 64 new houses. Chapter Test MHR 425Challenge Problems Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 1 Let x and y be the dimensions of the rectangle. Let A be the area ofthe rectangle. Aaxy a ‘The equation of the parabola constrains the variables. yoa-e @ Substitute (2) into (1). A=xQ7-x) =21x-x) Determine the critical numbers of A A= 0 27-3x8 =0 9 xa3x>0 Since A"(3) < 0, x = 3 defines a maximum value for area of A(3) = 27(3) ~ 3° oF 54 square units Scetion Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 2 Let x be the postive number. Let be the defined function. a Determine the critical numbers of E. x=2 or exists atx =2. Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 3 Sa) =0 (= 298 (px!) 4x7 ID) = 0 x1 = 9) = x) ax xd pet ox) x= 0,1, or 2, where p > 2.q> 2, and p # 9 ra 426 MHR Chapter 6Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 4 ay & )esrrian =o ° waxrtoyes(~ Since rV3 > r,a check ofthe endpoints ofthe interval i required 0) =0 yereeryt ‘he absolute maximum of y = x(-2 +2974 over the iteval x € (0,r] is er Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question § 4) Develop and solve a system of equations. ) Develop and solve a system of equations. FG) = 38 $2ax +b saya 1, tetd Given that extrema exist at x = Fao £0 3420+b=0 a 2a+9b4+3e4+d=0 fev Subtract (1) from (2) 3-2a+b @ 26a+8b +20 = Subtract (2) from (1) « 4a=0 Given that extrema exist at a=0 ) sao Substitute (3) into (1). 3at2bte=0 34h Le) b= 27a +664 Subtract 2x (4) from (3). ‘To meet the requirements, a = 0 and b = 3, 200-446 = -: (Check that f bas a minimum at x = 1 Subieact (4) om () Js) = Ox + 2a 2a +46 = =6x Substitute (6 into (7) SQ) =6>0 fan Check that fas a maximum at x ast so =-6<0 a eo a 6) ©) o @) Back substitution yields the remaining values. The ls P72 required cubic equation is f(x) Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 6 338 - For the given function, "(x) = 13x"? + 182x* +637. By inspection, the smallest valve the derivative can attain is 637 atx = 0. Since the given polynomial function is differentiable over all real numbers, and there are no critical numbers, the function has no local extrema, Challenge Problems MHR 427Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 7 -£(x) isa reflection of f(x) in the x-axis. Thus, any maximum value of f will correspond to a minimum value of g at the same x-coordinate Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 8 a) Let x and y be the dimensions of the rectangle. Let Abe the area of the rectangle. Y 2k > Aaxy a The diameter ofthe circle constrains the variables vty = OK? y= Vee @ Substitute (2) into (1). A= xVaKe Determine the critical number of A Awe) =0 VIER 4( Ae oat = 3) ky2, x>0 Substitute (3) into (2). y= VaR =kvi ‘To maximize the area of the rectangle, the dimensions should be kvZ by kV ma 428 MHR Chapter 6 ) Let x and y be the dimensions shown on the rect- angle. Let A be the area of the rectangle. By A=2xy aw ‘The equilateral triangle constrains the variables. If point O is situated at the origin, the line containing points A and B can be expressed as VB vax @ ye Substitute (2) into (1). aaa (V5 Determine the critical number of A, ton=0 ~4y3x+ky3=0 ; xaG QB) xt Substitute (3) into (2). y (4) +88 2 ‘To maximize the area ofthe rectangle, the dimensions©) Let and A be the base radius and height of the cylinder, respectively. Let V be the volume of the cylinder. Vanrh a The sphere provides a constraint on rand h Gry +H = ky 4P i ae aie % ‘Substitute (2) into (1). ve(! = feen- Pe) Detemine the cial number) oV Vi(h) =0 See —s95) 0 Sh? = 4k? QB) Substitute (3) into (2). For maximum volume, (,) (4 2) * ON Challenge Problems MHR 429Section Challenge Problems Page 40S Question 9 Let r and h be the base radius and height of the cylin- der, respectively. Let C be the cost of the juice can, in ‘cents. Let the volume be k cma" © =0.25(2er*) + 0.5(2arh) Sar? + ark a Te volume ofthe can const be ah res @ Substitute (2) into (1). te ¢=0507 + (4) cw GB) ; R= . 4) Substitute (2) into (4). 6 For minimum cost, the ratio of height to radius should bets 430 MHR Chapter 6 Section Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 10 Let x and y be the dimensions of the rectangular floor Let C be the cost of the walls, in dollars. 20.000 m? soo0m | |» € = 300(2x +») + 150y + 500y 600x + 300y + 650y = 600x + 950y a ‘The area constrains the variables xy = 25 000 25.000 = @ Substitute (2) into (1). e~sin sn (25288) Determine the critical number of C. * C(x) =0 son /® x= 90/2 @ Substitute (3) into (2) 25.000 soy fm = 100 9 ‘To minimize the cost of construction, te front should be yeSection Challenge Problems Page 405 Question 11 4 oo a) z atte xoe #20 we ox =0 x=0 Answers may vary. For ¢ = 0, a point of inflection exists at (0,0). For ¢ 2 0, the only intercept is at (0,0); as ¢ increases, the slope at the origin increases. For ¢ < 0, x-intercepts at —V=é,0, y=6; spreads and gets larger at maximum, smaller at minimum as [el increases ») Fa =0 xGx +20) =0 Oor Answers may vary. sdatesept: 0; fr € > 0, nium at (00) ad asian at ( 4P +3ct? =0 Prt 30) =0 se : poe 12r° + 6er = 0 rareaiee t=00r -5 Answers may vary. x-intercepts: -c, 0; for ¢ = 0, minimum at (0,0); for ¢ # 0, points of inflection at (0,0) and a (12S) mom | Challenge Problems MHR_ 431‘Answers may vary. x-intercept: 0; asymptote: y 0: for > 0, minima t (~ fice 0; maximum at (0,0) if e < 0; points of 432 MHR Chapter 6Using the Strategies Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 1 a)=d) Answers may vaty. ¢) The sumis 246 +13 +204 24 oF 65. a) x{[@] x] « [xs 9) The sumis 65. 8) Thesumis 15. @ |x| x« | | 0 1) The sum is 34 x | 2 | @ | [os i) Answers will vary. be | ot | te | we | at | 22 | 2s | @ | 2s Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 2 Let Ss be the sum of three consecutive numbers, "+ 1, and n-+2 Spentntltng? =3n43, =3n4) Since S; contains a factor of 3, it is divisible by 3. Let Ss be the sum of five consecutive numbers, n, m+ 1, m+ 2, 1-43, and n+ 4 Ssomtntltnt2ent3tnts = 5m +10 =5(n+2) Since Ss contains a factor ofS, it is divisible by 5. Let Sq be the sum of four consecutive numbers, m,n 1,m-+2, and m+ Spemtndlend2eng3 4an+6 n+3) Since joes not contain a factor of 4, itis not divisible by 4. Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 3 Start both timers. When 5-min timer is done, start cooking; use 4 min left When itis done, you are done. in 9-min timer, and then restart 9-min times, Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 4 Let r be the radius of the circle, The diagonal ofthe square is 4r, Use the Pythagorean theorem, aw - @ Substitute (1) into (2). ‘The area of the shaded region is a” =) squats, Problem Solving-Using the Strategies MHR 433Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question S ‘Answers may vary, Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 6 Let h be the length of the hypotenuse. First, establish the primary relations. ‘The length of the hypotenuse can be expressed as ht = ‘Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 7 Construct QR through P, parallel to the sides ofthe In AAPQ. ¥+ PQ’ In ABPQ, P+ PQ Subtract (2) from (1), In ADPR, =x + (PRY In ACPR, Subtract (5) from (4), Poe 434 MHR Chapter 4 Let x and y be the lengths of the two shorter sides ofthe right triangle Determine h in terms of A and P. wRaxtey? a) W = (x+y) -2xy 8) Substitute (1) and (2) into (3). a WP = (Ph)? = 202A) =P 2Ph+h-4A 2Ph~ Pea 4A P 2A Meo rectangle aw @ @Section Problem Solving Page 408 Question 8 ‘Of the 937 valid responses, since 426 said yes to at least two items and all respondents said yes to at least one, a total (0f 937 ~ 426 o 511 houscholds purchased exactly one item. ‘Of the 937 valid responses, 314 respondents puschased at least three and S11 purchased exactly one. As a resul 937 ~ 314 ~511 or 112 households purchased exactly two items, Of the 937 valid responses, 282 purchased all four items, $11 purchased one item, and 112 purchased exactly two items, A total of 937 - 282 — $11 - 112 or 32 households purchased exactly three items. Section Problem Solving Page 409 Question 9 ‘The hypotenuse of the right triangle is V6 + & or 10 em. A Fig. Ais a right circular cone of base Fig. Bis a right circular cone of base Fig, C consists of two right circular rats 8 em and height 6 rm, rays 6 cm and height 8 erm Cones of common radi and heights : : that total 10cm Let r fy, and hy va = ta) 168) stand forthe lengths between the in ana Be3 diated points. The value for r can be = 128 = 964 2 ii) domain: R; range: y <0 iii) horizontal asymptote: y iii) horizontal asymptote: y = 0 iy) iy) 7.1 Exponential Functions MHR 437