5/48 Copper-Nickei “Constantan” contains small amounts of iron and manganese, Iti characterised by The alloy usual tivity and a very low temperature coofMiciont of electrical resistance. The material is easily fabricated and readily A conper-nickel alloy with an alpha phase structur falrly high electrical res The most commonly used wrought forms ar strip and wire. COMPOSITION (weight %) No. + #80-450 Mnf! 5 08-20 Fe 5 5 0-05 cut Stem. 1 SOME TYPICAL USES Electrical Precision instrument and control resistors operating at moderately elevated temperatures; thermocouple wives and compensating leads: components for thermionic valves; hoating elements; bimetal thermostats and switches. 2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES English Units 0.320 tbfin? 2236-2 370°F 8.90 gfem* 1 225-1 300°C Density at 20°C 2.2. Melting range * 23 Coefficient of thermal expansion (linear) at: 18310 20°C 20710 GBF z Bto 300°C alo 72°F : Bto 500°C Galo 992 ' 20101 000°C Lo AIF 24 Specific heat (thermal capacity) at: 20°C 68°F 28 Thermal conductivity at 68°F 0.000 012 per °C 0.000 015 ", 0.000 018 0.000 019, 0.000 007 per °F 0.000 008 10.000 008 9.000 010, 0.40 calig 0.10 Btujlb °F me eer 5s. foaseatemient are fiz ae nF 28 etic! conduct (lune) at a ee ee anne) 200iohm mn? sax1acs = °F larmenod or oe wort) ne ae 200°C FC wow w?) 20 B5u ow 21° etal eit ote) a ate ae Flames) gat ohm tin a che (cre wity ohn mavin wee mi we 69°F fread of cold woke) aa ob nn Bae cin wa . ‘ au ch nnn Basch ce wt) eure HRTF nw wd 49° microhm cm 19 microhm in 28 TempratirecoeMcent of sta selena we 5 laneaed or cls ores) £m 0 pe" 45% 1NCS| 0000 caper“ 53 ACS) applicable aver range from 040 100°C 32 fo 212° 29 Modulus of elasticity (tension) at 20°C 62°F annealed N * 16 800 kofmm= 23 900 000 Ibn? cold worked. _o- # 16 000 kg/mme 22 800 000 Ibfin?® 2.40 Modulus of rigidity (torsion) at 20°C 68°F annealed oa soe - 6 200 ka/mm? 8 800 000 tnjin® coldworked® ‘ oR ef 5 800 kg/mm? 8 400 000 loyin® (© The malting range covers the highest Hiquidus and lowest solidus temperatures over the composition range quoted. The values ore based on: Hansen M. and Andorko,R- Constitution of Binary Alloys, 2nd oa, (1s8) MaGrow-Hll, London, New Wark: more recom work (Foosh EWA, and Doherty, a. The Cu-N Equilibrium Phase Diagram. 0 Inst Metals, Val, 8 (197), op. 102-108) indicates tha he solidus temperature may be shah higher. (% Approximately 50% cold work, The values shown in Svetion 2, which have Been sopropristely round in vow ofthe composition ngs Involve, ar based on INDEX NUMBERS RELATE TO LITERATURE REFERENCES (see page ti); INDEX LETTERS RELATE TO FOOTNOTES AT END OF TABLE ted torature Prepared by Diabet by 2 CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL POUR LE CALC.LA. ote enane DEVELOPPEMENT DU CUIVRE IDES) Contre dnformation Da Gute, Lats, Atiages © Su NIA Mot 100, rue du Rhéne - 1204 GENEVE ‘67, Boulevard Berthier, 75 Paris XVile3 FABRICATION PROPERTIES Tho information given in this table is for general guidance only, since many factors influence fabrication techniques. The values shown are approximate only, since those used in practice are dependent upon form and size of metal, equipment available, techniques adopted and Properties required in the material Casting temperature range 1 a50-1 425°C English Units 2 460-2 595 °F 3.2 Annealing temperature range 0 875°C. 1 200-1 605 °F ‘Stress relieving temperature range 300- 400°C: 570- 750°F 3.3 Hot working temperature range 1950-1 050°C 1740-1 900 °F 3.4 Hot formabilty Good 35 Cold formability Good 3.8 Cold reduction between anneals 50% max. 3.7 Machinability: ‘See General Data Sheet No.2 Machinability rating (free cutting brass ~ 100) 20 3.8 Joining methods: ‘See General Data Sheet No. 39 Soldering Excollont Brazing Excellent Oxy-acetylone welding = Carbon-are welding Not recommended Gas-shiolded are welding Excellent Coated metal-are welding - Resistance wolding: spot and seam Good butt Good ‘Cu_NMa Mat4 NATIONAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MANUFACTURED FORMS and ISO Recommendation Sections Designation | Designation | Specification | Plate Country of of Material | forChemical | She Rod | Wire Tube | ~~ |rorgings Standards | in Standards | Composition” | “Strip Shapes Australia. SAA = = 7 - _ _ Belgium . | NBN | CuNi4a FeMtn - von | — | oon | — = = Canada. | CSA - - a os = = Nch oi -~-J-f - - me we chile. lao NStnory | cu Nit Fe Mn | NCH 250. of 68 France. « = Cu Nid Fe Mn - -|-|]- ~ = # wan Germany oN cu Niat 17684 som | — | arom | — - - 49 469 India. 1s - - -f|-|- — = — aly UNI 7 - -/[-|- - - — Japan. | vis - - -/]-[- - - — Netherlands | Nor NEN = - -/-|- — — — South Africa | SABS ~ = -f-]f- — - — Spain. UNE - ~ -{[-]- - - _ Sweden sis - = -]J-f- — — — vsM ‘cu Nias Ma = roo | — | 1000 | — 7 - United _ ~_ fife _ _ _ Kingdom“ “| ®S = United States| ASTM - = -{[-]- — - — eS International Organization for 180 Cu Nise Wnt Rao -|-|- - - - ‘Standardi- zation {@ Applicable when the chemical composition te not given in the epeciications for wrought forme, (Older apecfeatione bear prix N; for new specifications the NEN pref ie used 5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 5.1 Mechanical properties at room temperatures 5.2 Mechanical properties at low temperature Tensile properties, 00 table 52.1 Tensile properties soe tables 5.1.1/2/3 Impact properties now 52d Hardiness oe BANDS 5.3 Mechanical properties at elevated temperature Shori-time tensile properties sep table 531 Shear Strength ow SAIS Creep properties S00 tables 53.22 Modulus of elasticity (tension) see 29 5.4 Fatigue properties Modulus of rigidity torsion) 210 Fatigue strength at room temperature soe table 54.1 =a- ‘CoN Mint5.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURE * 5.1.4 Typical Tensile Properties and Hardness Values—Metric Units This table is representative of practice in many European countries. For British and American practices, see tables 5.1.2 and 5.1.3, respectively. The values shown represent reasonable approximations for general engineering use, taking account of variations in composition and manufacturing procedures. For design purposes, national specifications should be consulted, For a given temper, individual elongation values may show some variation above or below the typical values indicated. ovate] Speen | _Teventon_[ Haine Ten, | rye! size Rotated Form Temper eranatoaioteet | gevge | einen | viene | woinae | Proverios Shown ® “nnoated [| » | 8 | mm | «| iw | aw | o83mminen Sui [Typical Cold Worked] gy 56 5 | somm | 165 | 175 44 | 05-2 mm thick ‘nnealed @ | — [2 [mm | — | — | ® | osemmdam, wee Type Gord Brawn 9g _ 6 | 100mm | — — 45 | 05-2mmdiam. Wis possible o obtain a smandtacture ‘ulside the ranges given in ths column, bul information on @ ‘mechanical properies should be oblained Wom the metal 5.1.2 Typical Tensile Properties and Hardness Values—SI and English Units ‘This table is based on British practice. For other European and American practices, see tables 5.1.1 and 5.1.3, respectively. ‘The values shown represent reasonable approximations for general engineering use, taking account of variations in composition and manu- facturing procedures. For design purposes, national specifications should be consulted. For a given temper, individual elongation values may show some variation above or below the typical values indicated. Proof Tensile Shear ene Stress _ | Elongation . — a Strength | 9.194 offset Vickers | S#"8th | typical Size Related ° — Hardness to Properties Shown Inbar] tonjin’] har [tonfin?| % | awe Inbar | ton/in® nveatea® — | @] a | 1 | v2 fs[m™] xo | os | 20 es stip Typical Cod Worked | gs | ao | sa | ae | 5] mm | too | ae | 27 |02-smm 0006-0125 n) thick | | — | = fofmmm | — [ae] 22 | 25m ato2 in) iam, anneated® — | aa} ar | — | — fas} 199mm | far | 24 | 05-2 mm (o02-008in) dam, si] a |—| — |oo/mm| — |20 | 2 |o2-04mmaoee-0asin sem @ Wie possisis to ebtan ‘manutacturrs 10» This alloy is salty supplied in th uleide the ranges given In this column, hut information on their mechanical properties ahould be obained from the meal snncaled condition, for applications involving Its impertant electrical resistance charactovistes. 5.1.3 Typical Tensile Properties and Hardness Values—American Units ‘This table is based on American practice and the temper designations shown are those referred to in ASTM and other American Standards. For British and other European countries! practices, seo tables 5.1.2 and 5.1.1, respectively. ‘The values shown represent reasonable approximations for goneral engin« ing account of variations in composition and manus facturing procedures. For design purposes, national specifications shou For a given temper, individual elongation values may show some variation above or below the typical values indicated. penal Hache ad ‘Typical Size Related sasrtiog| 5c] mae] | one Se eee (Strip) Cold Worked 37% 95 000 82.000 4} 2in. |— | 90 | —| 62000 0.040 in. thick ar | am | 2 eee = T=) 1 1) eee ee | = (BPE lclcle| = | spe Wire 78 000 - 6] sin |— |] —] — = 0,040-0.118 in. diam. cuwue | oe] = [2(del=lalcl = | sere Be | = [alee lef=|=| = | seas | Ws posable fo obtain sess diferent from thoxe given in this column, but Information on thelr mechanical propertioe should be abined frm» the metal manufacturers. (9 Itwllibe noted that ables 5.11,51.2and 8.1.3, giving typical tonsileprogertes and hardness values in Mol, Sland English, and American solts respectively tre not irectly comparable, Tis ls because the properties auotee refec fo rome estont the metalworsing techniques, apeciMestion practices ana testing broseduces inthe countries concerned, and in view of tha difront sizes of product feleriod ton thege lables Inaivldval manufacturers ot om abretos Broducis, ean, nowever normaly meet the requirements of ay nallonal standarse ‘CoN Mat 4-5.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT LOW TEMPERATURE 5.2: Tensile Properties—Impact Properties Testing longation|Reduction Temperature] Tensile Stenath — |proot Stross) HOnsation!Reduction| Strength Form Temper 11% offset rn — Tronrne | pst | ntnt | 4, Tuauae supe © | oF eal |tonint | a % |main| %— Ro-nfem®| feb vw) ela | 268 [ooo] ax fiaz] ain. w38 |oos 10] 14] a5 | 295 | oso} s21 fel 2in. =e ‘Anneatea | —40[-40| 475 | 302 | srs00) 9.8 faze] 2in 147 | 50 Rod = s0|-112 | st” | 3225 | 2000 ls] 2 in na [ato 25 mm diam, 20 |—iet | 54 | ata | 77000 | 1078 fas] 2 in us [sso tine diam. ~10|-20e | 63 | 4oo | 69500] tt.73 {sna} 2in 143 [a0 | naneaea | 2| 68 | | 22 [oro | 935 feaol 2in iso [eos nen = 120 |-28e | az | 394 | oosoo | 240% fon] ir. 149 [250 G Tonsile specimen 8.35 mm (026in) dam (© Inod specimen; cross-sectional ana a the notch 08 cm? {2 Tensile specimen 128 mov (0506 in) siam. (©) Quoted 2s "eld point” In original document, but oflaet strain nt desned ‘Original values are printed in bold type; other walues are converte. 1 values for impact atcngth are to be takan as indieatve only; the impact eneray has been converted from Hb into kg mem teing nto ual closs-sectignal area the sbocimen atthe Notch valabe: Proof stress, 02% offset Yield stongih, 0886 extension under loa. 5.8 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE 5.3.1 Short-Time Tensile Properties Testing Tense ‘Temperature: ‘Strength Heopation Form Temper e ]4 = edie gauss ©] | tain | tonne | os ana oe sue 2 | a | » | as | nwo |x| 1mm dann sian: & | 8] 8 | we | Bae |e | ine =] oe |e] a pee | | oomm a | de | | fs [S30 | 1 | tomm = | @ |] a | a3 | 2m |i] fom wre m | ie | | ae | sow | t | tomm mm diam, cotdorems | fe | ie | | Se | Se | 1 | tom coin. am. sm | | & | 3 | aoe | i] tomm m fame | s | a | Sao fs] aan me [tm | is | 3 | tom | s | toomm me [tm | 3 | fs | om | | home 52.2 creep Properties 5821 origina Crp Data Atte dts pcton fhe shat no data lng fo he ator hee bean road 5222 Stress for Rupture Testing Temperature Stress Time for Ferm Temper Rupture © | veien? | tone [pa n xe | se | sow | as _ bt | fs | Bae | “he = nea ae | os | # | me | om | ‘os | fh | Som | toe os Sua—_ 5.4 FATIGUE PROPERTIES 5.441 Fatigue Strength at Room Temperature Metric Units English Units ‘American Units Number gfenen* tongin® si ‘orm of ® Cycles x10 Fatigue | Tensile Tensile | Fatigue Strength | Strength | Strength | Strength | Strength | Strength Rod 25mm diam. | Hot Rolled a0 495 m5 a8 155 ose0 | 34500 tin, diam. Annealed 8 0 1950 3a 12500 69500 | 28 000° Cold Worked Rod and 100 | 2900 a 165° 96 500 41 000% Stress Relieved ® Cold Worked «0 a 30 6 wo 103500 | 43 000°" Wire ® 3. mm diam. Annealed 10 30 ae a5. 1350 rio | s0.000' O22 in. diam. om Annealed ° “4 17500 28 ne 62500 | 25000 Cold Workea® | Py 20 45: “uo rr000 | 31 S000 ow —« 2 a4 " 265 " 59.000 | 24000 o N, Rotating cantilever test ‘Stress relieved for Bh a S9MC (757). Bending-fetioue test. Form not stated in viinel document Temper not steed in orginal document, but probably annealed. ‘Quoted as “half har” in original document, but amount of cold work not defined. [Number of cycles not stated In original document. ‘Original values are printed in bold type; other values are converted, REFERENCES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (Section 5) CColbeck, EW. and MacGilveay, W.E. The Mechanics! Properties of Metals at Lov Temperatures, Part 2: Non-Fetrous Materials. Trans Instn. Chem, Engrs, Volo (933) eb 107125. Private communication from Slemens, A.G., Germany. ‘Schulze, A. Uder metalische eleMrische Widerstandswerkstoffe fr techniache Widerstinde und Helewidorstinde. Elektrotechnik, Vol. 2 (1048), No. f, po. 17-24. Bluchor, 7, and Grant, NJ. Reerystalztion, Tensile and Sttess-Rupture Properties of Nickel-Copper Alloys. Proc. ASTM, Vol. 82188, np.$58-01 MeAdam, Jt, Dal Endurance Properties of Alloys of Nickel and of Copper - Part t, Trans. ASST. Vol. 7 (1905, np. 5481. ‘Wilkins, RA, and Bunn, ES. Copper and Copper-Base Alloys: MeGraw Hil Book Co, New York (1849), Herp M. Dauorechningverhaten der Werkatofe, VDI-Z., Vol 106 (1962), No. 27, pp- 1362-1877. ‘Weller J. ane Weigegerber, R. Festgkstseigenachatten von Cu Ni Fe Mn Werkstofin. Insiut fr Leichtbau ML~Mitllungen, Dresden, Vol. 7 (8968), pp. 8-208 Cans wat -6- Printed in England by the Martin Cadbury Printing Group.