See

discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/268222315

Beginnings of Nursing Education and Nurses

Contribution to Nursing Professional
Development in Serbia
ARTICLE in SRPSKI ARHIV ZA CELOKUPNO LEKARSTVO SEPTEMBER 2014
Impact Factor: 0.23 DOI: 10.2298/SARH1410628V

READS

31

1 AUTHOR:
Zeljko Vlaisavljevic
Kliniki centar Srbije
13 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE

Available from: Zeljko Vlaisavljevic

Retrieved on: 24 September 2015

Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2014 Sep-Oct;142(9-10):628-636

628

/ HISTORY OF MEDICINE

DOI: 10.2298/SARH1410628V
UDC: 614.253.5(497.11)(091) ; 377/378::614.253.5

1, 2,3, 1,2
, , , ;
, , , ;
3
, , ,
1
2

,
1199. , 1208.
.
1899. - . ,

1921.
, .
-
1876. . 19. 20.
, .
,
1903. .
. .
2004. ,
. 23.
, .
: ; ;

Correspondence to:
eljko VLAISAVLJEVI
Klinika za gastroenterogiju i
hepatologiju
Kliniki centar Srbije
Dr Koste Todorovia 2
11000 Beograd
Srbija
kcszeljko@gmail.com

.

, .

,
,

,
.

395. ,
,
. ,
400. ,
,
Htel-Dieu 1641.

, .

(Florence Nightingale)
.

,
,
.

,
1899. ,

.
(1920),
1921.
, . .


.

,
,

.
.


,
.

.

,
-.

,
,
,


,

.

629

Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2014 Sep-Oct;142(9-10):628-636

.

1199. [1, 2, 3].

[4].
1208.
, , ;
12 ,
[5].
,
,
, ,
,
[6].

1308.
, , 1315.
. [7].
1330.

.

[8].
,
.
,
, ,
, ,

.
, 28. 1389.
, ,
,
, .
,
1919.
.
. ,
,

.
, [9,
10]. , ,
,
,
, .

. 1403.
,
.

,
.
, . , 1724. ,

, .
1731.
,
,
.
,

[11].
1830.
,
.
1835.
,
3. ( )
.
: ,

,

. , ,
,
, .
,
. ,
[12].
25 ,
.

,
.
,
,

.
(1841), ,
(18531855),
[11].
- 1876.

,
, , , .
, ,
,
.
1903.
.
1879.
.
,
,
[13]. 1826.
.
1841.
1842,
. ,
,
,
[14].
www.srp-arh.rs

630

. .

,
.

. ,
,
.
, ,
, 1. 1868.
[15].
(
),
.

1881. [16].
. , ,
, 1898.
, 1900. [11].

1876.
[17].

,
.
109
.

[18]. -
(18771878) 110 67
45 . 1885,
12 .

1893.
, .
1894.
:
,

. 1899. ,
,

[19].

, (Katherine MacPhail)
1919.
.
, ,
[20].

402.435 ,
114.000 [21].
,
.
1920. ,
1921.

.
, -
,
, .
doi: 10.2298/SARH1410628V

100 , ,
[22].
.
,

,

.
(Edith Newton), 1924.
,
[23].
, ,

[24]. , 1922.


.
,
1922.
, .

( , .).

, ,
, 1924.
,
, .

, .

1928. ,
,
-
[25].
1935/36.
250 [22].
,
,
.

. (22. 1942)
.
1944.

.
,
. 1948.

,
.
1950.

.

15 14
.
1969/70.
( 1) [25].

631

Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2014 Sep-Oct;142(9-10):628-636

1. 1969/70. [25]
Table 1. School of nursing curriculum in 1969/70 [25]

Class

Optional courses

Common subjects

Teaching subjects

Serbo-Croatian language and literature with the basics of art education

Foreign language

Latin language

History

Economic geography

Mathematics

Physics

Chemistry

Biology

Anatomy and physiology

Social medicine

Physical education

Military training

Arts education

Political economy

Total

Hygiene

Microbiology

Pharmacology

Biochemistry

General pathology

Healthcare of patients

Psychology

Internal medicine with healthcare

Hygiene with healthcare

Infectious diseases with healthcare

Pediatrics with healthcare

Obstetrics and gynecology with healthcare

Health education and community nursing task

Total

Total

I
V

II
V

III
V

IV
V

29

14

13

12

20

23

24

36

34

36

36

T ; V ; P
T theoretical classes; V practical instruction in the cabinet; P practical classes

www.srp-arh.rs

632

. .

, 1952.
[26].

1977. ,

. ,
. , ,
,
,
.



.
,
(1804) (1815) ,

, .
,
,
,
,
.

,

. 1903.
[27].
,
[28].

, 20.
.
,
.
,
1874. [29].
,
.

( ).
,
.
1925. .
(29. 10.
1913)

.
(
), ,
.

() 1912. 1913.
, 1920.
.
doi: 10.2298/SARH1410628V

,
,
. (19141918)

[22].
, , :
... ,
, ,
, ,
...
...

, !
[26].
1914. , .

.
18761913.
[30]. 1876.
,
,
[20]. ,
1913, ,
,
. 1923.
.
, ,
(1885) .
- ,
,
,
1885. 1918. .
, ,
.
1914. , ,
[31].
,
1916, 17
,
[32].
,

, .
.
,
,
.
[33].
,

,
.
,
. 1943.

, .
:
,

633

Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2014 Sep-Oct;142(9-10):628-636

,
; ,
[34].
, 1941. ,
,

,
,
,
.
(19391945)
. 20. 1943.
.

, ,
,
[35].
1920. ,
[25].
,
13. 1942. .

.

, 1942.

, ,
1943.
, [36].

, .

(19511972),

.
23. ,
.
.
. ,

[25]. 1982.
,
.
2004. ,
.

2.
,
, ,
,
.

2.
Table 2. Timeline of historical events

Time

Historical event

1199.

The oldest Serbian hospital at the Hilandar monastery

1208.

St. Sava founded the first hospital in Serbia at Studenica monastery

1308.

The medical school founded at Constantinople at the Monastery of St. John The Baptist

1389.

The Kosovo Maiden is a symbol of nursuring profession

1403.

Depot Stevan the High founded the Hospital for Painful Patients near Belgrade

1826.

Jevrem Obrenovi opened the first hospital in Serbia

1835.

Decree on required schooling of midwives in the Sretenje Constitution

1841.

The first civilian hospital in Belgrade

1841.

The first education of midwives

1868.

The First Municipal Hospital opened in Belgrade

1876.

Beginning of formal education of nurses through courses organized by the General Board of the Serbian Red Cross

, , ,
1885. 1918. . ,
.
18851918.
Nurse Natalie Munk was awarded with the Gold and the Silver Medal of the Queen Natalija and twice with the Order of
St. Sava. She is the holder and memorials of all wars from 1885 to 1918. She was also awarded with the Medal of the Red
Cross and the Order of Mercy Cross.
1881.

Law on the Organisation of medical profession and preserving of public health

1898.

.
Dr Jovan J. Jovanovi wrote the first textbook for midwives
www.srp-arh.rs

634

. .

1899.

.
The first school for midwives in Belgrade was founded by Dr Jovan J. Jovanovi

1903.

Founded Humanitarian Association the Circle of Serbian Sisters

19121913.

rija Maga Magazinovi was voluntary nurse in the Balkan wars

1913.

. :
, , .
.
Milunka Savi participated in the Second Balkan War. She was awarded many times, twice with the French Order of the
Legion of Honor, the Russian Cross of St. George the Victorious, the English Order of St. Michael. She is the only woman in the
history awarded the French War Cross with a Golden Palm Tree.

1914.

Nadeda Petrovi died

1916.

,
Queen Marija Karadjordjevi is our most famous nurse

1920.

Delfa Ivani was awarded with the medal "Florence Nightingale"

1920.

Medical Faculty was opened in Belgrade

1921.

,
. - .
"The School for nurses of the Red Cross Society" is the first school for nurses established by the Red Cross Society.
In that school nurses were trained for work in hospitals and for social-medical work.

1923.

Anka Djurovi was awarded with the medal "Florence Nightingale"

1924.

First educated nurses went abroad for further education

1925.

Ljubica Lukovi was posthumously awarded with the medal "Florence Nightingale"

1928.

The first professional textbook for nurses

1941.

, ,

Milena Janji, instructor at the school for nurses and graduated medical nurse, lost her life trying to save pupils during
the bombing of Belgrade

1941.

, ,

Zlata Gavrilovi, graduated medical nurse and instructor at the school, died helping the wounded during the bombing of
Belgrade

1942.

, ,
The partisan-nurse Darinka Nestorovi sacrificed her life in order not to fall into the hands of enemies

1942.

, ,
The nurse Desanka Stani died in Bokota as a partisan fighter

1943.

The nurse Andjelka Kosanovi was killed

1943.

, , .
.
The nurse Lepa Radi was most prominent in organizing shelteres. She organized the extraction of the wounded and helped
refugees convoys from Banija.

1944.

The primary and secondary schools were opened in Belgrade for healthcare workers of different profiles

1950.

The Ministry of Health of the Federal Peoples Republic of Yugoslavia decides to establish more medical schools

1952.

The College of Nurses of the Red Cross of Yugoslavia

1972.

, ,
The nurse Duica Spasi died while nursing patients suffering from smallpox

1977.

.
.
Michaela Terzi wrote the first textbook for patients healthcare and the organization of the service. She was the only woman
awarded with the medal "Florence Nightingale" for contributing to the development of health service.

2004.

The prize for the best nurse "Duica Spasi" was established

doi: 10.2298/SARH1410628V

635

Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2014 Sep-Oct;142(9-10):628-636

, ,
.
,
,
, ,
,
,
.
.


1881. ,
,

( 1899,
). ,
, .
.

.

,
,
,

.
, ,
.

1. eperkovi Z. Srpska medicina u srednjem veku. Opta medicina.

2005; 11(1-2):82-4.
2. Bubalo . Kada je veliki upan Stefan Nemanji izdao povelju
manastiru Hilandaru? Stari srpski arhiv. 2010; (9):233-41.
3. Marinkovi R. Hilandar's life of our most holy and blessed father,
master Simeon by St. Sava. Zbornik Matice srpske za knjievnost i
jezik. 1999; 47(1):7-18.
4. Anti R. The role of Christianity in the development of European
and Serbian medieval medicine. Archive of Oncology. 2010;
18(4):111-4.
5. Rajevi M. Sveti Sava veliina i prilike. XXII Timoki medicinski
dani; Donji Milanovac; 2003.
6. Kati R. Bolnica Svetog Save u manastiru Studenica. In: Osam
vekova manastira Studenica. Beograd; 1986.
7. Ignjatovi M. Vojna hirurgija u Srbiji u srednjem veku. Vojnosanit
Pregl. 2003; 60(2):243-52.
8. olovi R. Dr Jovan Argilopul (14101492). Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2008;
136(9-10):566-71.
9. Petrovi M. Krmija Svetoga Save o zatiti obespravljenih i
socijalno ugroenih. Biblioteka Reprint. Beograd: tamparija Srpske
patrijarije; 1990; p.15-8.
10. Bogdanovi D. Krmija Svetoga Save, Sava Nemanji Sveti Sava.
In: Istorija i predanje. Beograd: SANU; 1976.
11. Maksimovi J, Maksimovi M. Beogradska kola za babice
pretea akademskog obrazovanja iz akuerstva i ginekologije
u Srbiji. Available from: http://www.rastko.rs/cms/files/
books/5062e45aa57f8.
12. Srpske novine. VII. Konac ustava dravnog saveta. Osobite dunosti
popeiteljstva. Dunosti popeiteljstva unutranjih dela, taka 120.
i 123. Kragujevac; 1835. p.86-87.
13. Maksimovi J. Development of midwifery services in Vojvodina.
Med Pregl. 2003; 56(7-8):385-8.
14. Stojanovi S, Jovanovi-Simi J. Ishrana bolesnika u Varokoj i
Gradskoj bolnici u Beogradu. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2009;
137(5-6):323-8.
15. Jovanovi-Simi J. Prva Varoka bolnica u Beoradu: prolost,
sadanjost, budunost. Naslee. 2009; 10:213-20.
16. Turlakov S. Vodi za Srbe poetnike (1804-1941). Beograd:
Apusu; 1999.
17. Jovanovi Simi J, Stojanovi S, Pavlovi B. Poeci strunog
usavravanja bolniara i nudilja u 19. veku. Knjiga saetaka. I
kongres o korenima i razvoju sestrinske profesije za medicinske
sestre i tehniare R. Srbije sa meunarodnim ueem. Beograd,
2004; p.22-23.
18. Savi M, Govorin M. Srpske dobrovoljne bolniarke sledbenice
Florens Najtingel. Skup Sekcije za istoriju medicine SLD, Novi Sad
2011.

19. Pei V, Pavlovi B, Jovanovi Simi J. Prvi pedijatri u Srbiji. Srp Arh
Celok Lek. 2005; 133(1-2):101-5.
20. Miki , Lei A. 90th anniversary of founding the first children's
hospital in Serbia. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2009; 137(9-10):575-80.
21. Nedok A, Sekuli M. Epilog Prvog svetskog rata u brojkama.
Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008; 65(Suppl):98-100.
22. ivkovi P. Medicinska kola Zvezdara u Beogradu 1971. In:
ivkovi P, editor. 50 godina Medicinske kole u Beogradu
1921-1971. Beograd: Srednja medicinska kola Zvezdara; 1971.
p.9-31.
23. Babi RR. Nadeda Petrovi: a female painter and a nurse.
Vojnosanit Pregl. 2008; 65(10):783-6.
24. Dimitrov A. Medicinska kola Zvezdara. In: Dimitrov E, editor.
Medicinska kola 1921-2001. Beograd: Srednja medicinska kola
Zvezdara; 2001. p.13-23.
25. Vientijevi Lj. Medicinska kola Zvezdara u Beogradu.
In: Vientijevi Lj, editor. 75 generacija posveenih vaem zdravlju.
Beograd: Srednja medicinska kola Zvezdara; 1996. p.9-16.
26. Rasadnik strunog kadra plemenite profesije. Sestrinstvo. 2012;
32:4-6.
27. Simijanovi J. Overview on the historic importance of the
foundation of The dance of Serbian sisters. Batina. 2010; 29:81-91.
28. Savi J. Kolo srpskih sestara odgovorile na ensko pitanje. Glasnik
etnografskog muzeja u Beogradu. 2009; 73(73):117-8.
29. Popovi Filipovi S. Savka Suboti, srpska ki, sestra, supruga i
majka darovala svom narodu veru, nadu i ljubav Savka Suboti
(1834-1918), borac u nacionalnom kulturnom pokretu srpskih
ena. Letopis Studenake akademije. 800 godina srpske medicine.
Manastir Studenica, 2010.
30. Mandi V. Heroine sa svetskim odliijem. Beograd: Drutvo Crvenog
krsta Srbije i Crne Gore i Udruenje medicinskih sestara-tehniara
KCS Sestrinstvo; 2004.
31. Miloevi MB. Jevreji za slobodu Srbije 1912-1918. Beograd: Filip
Vinji; 1995.
32. Pavlovi B. Kroki za portret jedne kraljice. Marija Karaorevi
(1900-1961). Beograd: Oraac; 1997.
33. Magazinovi M. Moj ivot. Beograd: Clio; 2000.
34. uri A. Solunci govore. Beograd: NIRO Knjievne novine; 1989.
35. Lepa Radi. Available from: http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/_
[accessed Oct 2003].
36. Dini MD. Spisak poginulih i umrlih boraca i rukovodilaca
Toplikog NOP odreda. In: Topliki narodnooslobodilaki
partizanski odred. Beograd: Vojnoizdavaki i novinski centar;
p.322.

www.srp-arh.rs

636

. .

Beginnings of Nursing Education and Nurses Contribution to Nursing Professional

Development in Serbia
eljko Vlaisavljevi1, Nataa olovi2,3, Mirjana Perii1,2
Clinic of Gastroenterogy and Hepathology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia;
School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia;
3
Clinic of Hematology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
1
2

SUMMARY
The oldest records of developmental beginnings of patients
healthcare relate to the first hospital founded by St. Sava at the
monastery Studenica in 1199. The profile of the Kosovian girl
became the hallmark of nursing profession in Serbia. The first
school for midwives was founded in 1899 at the Department
of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the General State Hospital in
Belgrade. However, there were no other schools for nurses in
Serbia until the foundation of the School for Midwives of the
Red Cross Society in 1021. Until then the healthcare of patients
and the injured was carried out by self-taught volunteer nurses
with completed short courses of patients healthcare. The first
course for male and female nurses was organized by the Ser
bian Red Cross at the beginning of the First Serbian-Turkish
Received: 31/12/2013 

doi: 10.2298/SARH1410628V

War in 1876. During wars with Serbian participation in 19th and

20th centuries with Serbian participation, nurses gave a remark
able contribution being exposed to extreme efforts and often
sacrificing their own lives. In war times great merit belongs to
the members of the humanitarian society the Circle of Serbian
Sisters founded in Belgrade in 1903, which was the resource of
a great number of nurses who became the pride of nursing pro
fession. Generations of nurses were educated on their example.
In 2004 the annual award Duica Spasi was established which
is awarded to the best medical nurse in Serbia. Duica Spasi
was a medical nurse that died at her workplace, when aged 23
years, nursing the sick from variola.
Keywords: nurse; heroines; medical education of nurses
Accepted: 28/04/2014