2.4.5.

Cm bin quang in
Cu to cm bin quang o v tr dch chuyn
B pht sng:
Thng dng LED: LED , LED hng ngoi, LED
lazer,
nh sng c pht ra theo xung
B thu sng:
Thng dng Phototransistor
Cm nhn nh nh sng v chuyn i thnh tn hiu
in t l
Mch tn hiu ra:
Chuyn tn hiu t l t b thu sng thnh tn hiu
ON/OFF c khuch i
Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin quang in
Mt s hnh nh thc t

Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin quang in
Hot ng
Thu pht:
B thu v pht tch ring bit nhau
Nu c vt chn ngang ngun sng s c tn hiu ra

u im: khong cch pht hin xa (c th n 30 m),

tin cy v chnh xc v tr cao, pht hin c
mi vt th (tr trong sut).
Nhc im: mt nhiu thi gian cho vic lp t, gi
thnh cao.
Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.4 Cm bin quang in

Hot ng
Phn x gng:
Ngun sng pht ra ti gng v phn x li b thu
Nu c vt chn ngang ngun sng s c tn hiu ra

u im: gi thnh thp hn loi thu pht, d lp t

v hiu chnh, tin cy.
Nhc im: khong cch pht hin ngn, vn cn 2
im lp t cm bin v gng
Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin quang in
Hot ng
Phn x khuch tn:
B pht sng pht ngun sng ti i tng
i tng ny s phn x mt phn nh sng (phn x
khuch tn) ngc li b thu sng, kch hot tn hiu ra

u im: gi thnh thp, d lp t (ch cn 1 im

lp t duy nht)
Nhc im: khong cch pht hin ngn v ph
thuc vo kch thc, b mt v hnh dng ca i
tng.
Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin quang in
u im
Pht hin c mi vt liu
n nh v tc cao
phn gii tt
Gi thp

Nhc im
nh hng bi nhit v m
Kh thit k
tuyn tnh khng cao
Khng chnh xc bng cm bin loi cm ng

Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin quang in
Mt s ng dng

Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin quang in
Mt s ng dng

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.4.5 Cm bin siu m

Nguyn l v cu to cm bin siu m
Siu m l sng c hc c tn s ln hn tn s m
thanh nghe thy (trn 20kHz). Thnh gic ca con
ngi rt nhy cm vi di tn s t m trm (vi
chc Hz) n cc m thanh rt cao (gn 20kHz).
Cm bin siu m s dng nguyn l phn x sng
siu m.
Cm bin gm 2 phn: phn pht ra sng siu m v
phn thu sng siu m phn x v

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.2 Cm bin siu m

Nguyn l v cu to
Cm bin s pht ra 1 sng siu m. Nu c chng
ngi vt trn ng i, sng siu m s phn x li v
tc ng ln module nhn sng.
o thi gian t lc pht v nhn sng ta s tnh c
khong cch t cm bin n chng ngi vt

V: vn tc sng siu m (343 m/s

trong khng kh)
t: thi gian t lc pht n lc thu
Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.4.6 Cm bin tim cn

Cu to v nguyn l cm bin tim cn
Cm bin tim cn s dng dao ng tn s cao
pht hin vt khi gn cm bin
C 2 loi cm bin tim cn:
Loi cm ng: pht hin kim loi t tnh v khng t
tnh bng cch to ra trng in t.
Loi in dung: pht hin vt kim loi v khng kim
loi bng to ra in trng tnh.

Thursday, September 24, 2015

Cm bin tim cn
Mt s hnh nh thc t

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.3.1 Cm bin tim cn loi cm ng

Cu to:
Gm c 4 thnh phn:
Cun dy: to ra t trng
B dao ng: to dao ng
tn s cao
Mch kch: Gim st bin
ca b dao ng
Ng ra: M / tt

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.3.1 Cm bin tim cn loi cm ng

Hot ng:
Khi i tng vi chuyn n gn cm bin - i vo
vng t trng, xut hin dng in xoy trn b mt
i tng, lm gim bin ca b dao ng.
Mch kch gim st bin ca b giao ng v kch
thch cho ng ra ca cm bin m (tt)

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.3 Cm bin tim cn

Mt s ng dng

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2.3 Cm bin tim cn

Mt s ng dng

Thursday, September 24, 2015

2. Cm bin in tr kim loi

2.1. Cu to cm bin o bin dng
cch in

Dy in tr
a) Dng li dy

cch in

Mng in tr
b) Dng li mng

Dy in tr tit din trn d20m hoc ch nht.

S nhnh n = 10 20 nhnh.
cch in: giy (~ 0,1 mm), cht do (~ 0,03 mm).

2. Cm bin in tr kim loi

in tr ca cm bin:
.l
R

S
S
l

Vi
S
l

R l S

R
l
S

V
l
(C: hng s Bridman)
C
C (1 2 )

V
l

R
l
l
1 2 C 1 2
K.
R
l
l

Vi K 1 2 C 1 2 2 H s u o

2. Cm bin in tr kim loi

2.2. c im:
Vt liu ch to in tr cn c ln.
H s u o nh: thng thng K = 2 3. Trong gii
hn n hi K=const, Ngoi gii hn n hi (khi l/l
> 0,5% - 20% ty vt liu) K 2.
nh hng ca T: trong khong - 100oC 300oC:

K T K 0 1 K T T0
(K0 ng vi T = 25oC,
constantan K = +0,01%/oC, isoelastic kh ln).
nh hng ca bin dng ngang sai s (khng ng
k c th b qua).

2. Cm bin in tr kim loi

1. Cm bin o vn tc
c) o vn tc gc
Tc k xung
Quang

- Ngun sng l mt diot pht quang

- a quay: t gia ngun sng v u
thu, c cc l b tr cch u trn mt
vng trn.
- u thu l mt photodiode hoc
phototranzitor.
Hot ng
- Khi a quay, u thu ch chuyn mch
khi ngun sng, l, ngun pht sng
thng hng.

1) Ngun sng 2) Thu knh hi t

3) a quay 4) u thu quang

- u thu quang nhn c mt thng

lng nh sng thay i v pht tn hiu
c tn s t l vi tc quay nhng
bin khng ph thuc tc quay.