QUINTUS CURTIUS H1$ HISTORY OF THE Wars of Alexander. To which is prefix’d Freins HEMIUS’S Supplement. Tranflated by JOHN DIGBY, Etq; VoL IL ‘The THIRD EDITION. Correéted and Revifed by the Reverend Mr. WILLEAM YOUNG. LONDON: Printed for A. Miuiar, oppolite Katharine Street, inthe Stram/, MDCCXLVILoO INS ee 9 Maflagere a : eh Gara @ - : P 2 Wemacens Se * Megara >\ Podstints * TySegdiana + 2 RR Cabos Sib oGyrpoles fecandita > Parrnig Se Be 4 ‘Pavitase 2 ‘Sparrn: fae x . Mardy > =e od ane a ovftic Se olelana- 2° the Senta fBetumino i. Sa OME S Seles | > Se a har cutid eq? 5 Cosapania arctacene —_ erta it leash > Chutt ‘ > yy > . la ~ oV wlis 7 > be Yh an YS Sofavardeds Rapeagarea oye § . Larmant ’ Tobazitar >> aap ° AbieQUINTUS CURTIUS. tbobbbbebedrdbbtedesd bbodeebhddbtodedrge , “BOO K VIL SHR sab bao oi fotabifobaiaeatatat ie CHAP. IL . S the foldicrs thought Philotas duly penith’d : while his crime was freth in their memory, A fo after the object of their hatred was _re- mov'd, their malice turn'd to pity. They “re now touch’d with the rank and dignity of the YOuth as well as his father’s old age and defolation being deftitute of iffie. He had open’d the king a paflage into Afia, and had fhar’d in all his dangers 5 moreover he always us'd to command one of the wings of the army ina general engagement. He had been Philip's chiefeft favourite, and had fhewn him- felf fo faithful to Alexander, that he made ufe of no other perfon in the taking off Attalus. Thefe thoughts came into the minds of the army, and their feditious expreffions were brought to the king, who was not in the leaft mov'd thercat, as knowing very well that the vices of idlenc{s were eafily cur'd by aétion. He therefore gave orders for a general appearance before his palace. Mere Apharias (no - Az doube we4 Qumrus Curtivs, B. VI. doubt as it had been before concerted) défir'd that Lynceftes Alexander (who ftood accus’d of having had a defign to kill the king, a confiderable time be- fore Philotas) might. be brought te judgment. Two perfons had inform’d againft him, and it was now the third year of his imprionment on that account. It was alfO Geftain lie! had“confpir'd with Patifanins, a- gaint Philip} but hé having being the firft thar fa- duted Alexander king, his punifhment had rather been fafpended than he clear’d.: : Befides, the king had had fome deference to the intercefiion of Antipater, his father-in-law. . But now the refentment thad had Iain dormant, was reviv’d, and the folicitude for the pre- fent danger had renew’d the memory of the pait. Alexander was therefore brought forth, and com- manded to make his defence, which he had been three years preparing s but being in the utmoft con- fafion, he with difficulty pronounced fome part of what he had fo long meditated, till at laft both his memory and sind fail’d him. All were of opinion, that this difordcr proceeded from his guilty confci- ence, and not from any defect of memory ; where- upon: fome of thofe that ftood next him, run him through as he was ftill labouring with his forgetful- mefs. His body being carry’d off, the king com- amanded ** Amyntas and Simimias to be likewife brought forth ; "? for Polemon, the youngelt of the brothers, was fled, upon Philotas’s being put to the torture, Thefe had been Philotas’s moft intimate friends, having by his intereft been advanc’d to ho- nourable employments; and the king now call’d to mind, how zealous Philotas had been in promoting - them, and therefore did not doubt, ‘ but they were *¢ allo privy to this lait’plot,"? So that he told tke affembly, * that his mother had long, fince watn'd him by letters, to have a fpecial care of 'em. But as ke was not in his nature prone to put the worlt ‘ coneran BVI. -Quinrus Cuarrius: § “* conftrattion upon. things, he had fufpended his: “ jealoafy till now, that he was convine'd by uvert- “< agts ; upon whichhe had order’d them to be bound. “* For it was certain they had had private conferehces- “ with Philotas the day before his treafon was dif- “ cover’d, That his brother's making his efcape when Philotas was tortur’d, was-a fatitcient detec- “* tion of the caufe of his fight. Moreover, they “ had lately (contrary to:caftom,. under the pretext “ of officioufnefs) remov’d the ici at a greater dif- “ tance,, and.-plac’d themfelves near his perfon,. with- “ out any probable ground for fuch. proceeding: So “* that being, furpriz'd at this their behaviour, (ef- “* pecially out of their time of waiting) and alarm’d “i - © at their unufual. diligence, he had thought fit to- “ retire to: his guarcs.. To all which may be added, “ that when Antiphanes,, agent of the horfe, re- “ quit’d Amyntas (the day before Philotas’s plot “ came to Hght) to: fapply with fome of his horfes “ (as is ulual) fuch as had loft theirs, he made him “ this haughty anfwer :? thatif he did not defi from his demands, he fhauld in alittle time know. who he had to deal with. “ Befides the intemperance of “ their tongues, and the rafh undeccnt expreflions “ they us’d concerning him, were fo many plain in- “ dications of their inveterate malice againft him ; “ all which charges, if true, they deferve the fame “: panifhment that Philotas had. Tf they are not true, * ‘he required they fhould clear themfelves. . The King having fnifh’d his fpeech, Antiphanes gave an account of “ Amyntas’s refuting of the “ horles, and of his haughty menacing anfwer,”” After which, Amyntas being allow'd. to: {peak for himéelf, faid, “ if the king be not prejudie’d there- “by, I defire, that while I plead, T may be un- bound: which the king immediately granted “to * them both” and Amyntas begging that he might : Ava alfo 12% Quintus Curriuvs. B, VIL. alo be allow’d “ the ufual marks of his office,” the king order’d ‘‘ his pike to be reftor’d him.”” Then having taken the fame in his left-hand, and remov- ing to fome diftance from the place where Lynceftes’s body had lain a little before, he fpoke to this effect : “ Be our Jot what it will, Sir, we muft now “ confels, that if it be profperous, we ftand indebted “to your bounty for it; if it be fatal, we fhall im- “ pute it wholly to fortune. You allow us to make “ our defence unprejudged ; our bodies are at liber- “ty, as well as our minds: You have more over “ reftor'd to us, the tokens we'us’d to bear when “* we attended you in our refpective pofts. -We can- “ not fear our canfe, nor fhall we any longer diftruit “ fortune. But I beg your leave to anfwer firft, “« what you objegted laft. We are not, Sir, confci- \“ ous to our felves, of having faid any thing againft “ your majefty. Iwould fay, that you have long “ago overcome all envy and ill-will, if I did not “‘ apprehend you would fufpeét I endeavour'd by “ flattery, to excufe other malicious -expreffions. “« However, if it has happen’d that we have let flip “any unbecoming words, when we have been cithtr ‘« faint or fatigu’d ; in a march while we were ha- “* garding our lives, in a battle or fick in our tents, ‘and drefling our wounds, I hope we may be al- “ low'd to have deferv’d by our bravery and gal- “ lant behaviour, that thefe fayings fhould be im- “© puted to that particular circumftance of time, ra- “* ther than any difaffection in our minds. In great “* misfortunes all are guilty. We fometimes lay ‘« violent hands upon our own bodies, tho’ we can- “ not be fuppofed to hate them. In thefe difmal “ conjunQtures, the very fight of our own parents is © not only ungrateful, but odious to us, Again, _ © when we are profperous, and are nobly rewarded ‘S for our fervice; or when we return laden- with - : “ foils,BVI Quintus Curtrus, » ‘© fpoils, who can bear us? who can in that cireum- “* flance moderate his joy? a foldier’s anger or “ or alacrity, never keeps within due bounds ; they “ are always exceflive, We are tranfported in all “our affections. We blame, praife, pity, or “ are angry, according as the prefent object moves “us. Sometimes we are for going to India and the * ocean; and fometimes again, the thought of our “« wives, our children, and country fills our mind. But thefe refleGtions, thefe difcourfes are all at “ an end, whenever the trampet founds to arms: “ then every one runs to his poft, and whatever ‘* anger was conceiv’d in our tents, is all difcharg’d “* upon the enemy. Would to God Philotas alfo *« had only offended in words. Now I mutt come “ to that for which we are look’d upon as guilty, “viz. Our friendfhip with Philotas; and Iam fo far “ from difowning it, that I freely confefs, we fought “ and cultivated it, Can you wonder, Sir, that we fhould endeavour to infinuate our felvcs into the “ favour of the fon of Parmenio, to whom you have “given the next rank to your felf, preferring him “ to all the reft of your friends? If your majelty “ will hear the truth, it is your felf, Sir, that have “ brought us into this Premunire ; for who elfe was “ the caufe that all thofe who endeavoured to pleafe s* you, courted Philotas’s friendfhip? It was he that “ prefented us to you, and procured us our prefent “ intereft with you. Ina word, he was fo much “in your favour, that we had both reafon to feck “ his friendfhip, and fear his difpleafure. Have we “ not all oblig’d our felves by an oath taken before * you, to efteem the perfons our friends and enemies, ** that you declar'd to be yours in cither capacity ? Being bound by this oath, could we in confcience «hate him you fhew'd the greateft kindnefs to? If “ Joving him while we faw you lov'd him were a Ag “ crime, «s Quintus Curtivs, By VIE. “crime, in reality your majeity has but few fub- “ jects’ that are not guilty, may, Idare be bold to «fay, none at all; for there is no body but would * have been glad of Philotas’s friendfhip, tho’ every “« body could not obtain it. If therefore ail that were “« his friends are guilty, your majefty muf think them “ fo'too who would have heen his friends ; but what « indication is there that we were confcious of his trea- fon ? This I fuppofe, that we were privately with him « the day before; this would undeniably hold good, “© and be beyond purgation, if I did that day any “ thing I had not us'd to do. Now if we'did na “ more that day which is fufpeéted, than what we “were us’d to do every day, the very cuftom will * clear us of any guilt. Oh! but we refus’d horfes. “to Antiphanes! and this conteft with him happen’d * bat the day before Philotas ‘was difcovered 5 if « that be a fuffcicnt ground to be fafpe@ed, rhat we did not that day deliver "em, he cannot clear him- felf neither for having requir'd them. The charge equally affeceth the dcemander and the retainer, only with this difference, that the caufe of him that “keeps his own, is better than his tlat demands « what belongs to another. However, Sir, out of ten “ horfes which I had, Antiphanes had already dif tributed eight to fuch as had loftthcirs, o that I s* had but two left for my own ufe, which when he « very haughtily and unjuftly would have taken away « alfo, I was oblig*d to refufe them, unlefs I would “ ferve on foot my felf. I cannot deny but I fpoke ** to him as became a man of fpirit to fpeak to a forry * fellow, who is no otherwife employ’d in the army, « than to diftribute other people’s horfes to thofe who * are to fight, I cannot but think myfelf very un- * happy, that at the fame time I excufe my {elf to «* Alexander, I feem alfo to do it to Antiphanes, “ But here is another thing ; your mother in her let- ters a “ “ ‘ 4 “ « 8i ‘ 1 BVIE. Qtiwrvs: Corrivs; gs * ters caution’d you to have an eye upon us, as being ** your enemies, I could with fhe had been more “ Wifely’ Sélicitous for. ber fon’s sfafery,.. than to. * fill his head with vain and groundlefs fufpi- “ cions.” . Why does fhe not-at the fame time affign * the caufe of her fear? She. neither tells her au~ thor, nor alledges‘any act or faying, by which fhe was mov’dto writ fuch frightful letters... What an: unhappy circumftance-am I in,..to whom perhaps it - is-equally.dangerous to-fpeak or to hold my tongue! but be-it as-it will, I-had rather my. défence-fhould difpléafe you, than my caufe. You may, if you ‘ pleafe,.xemember, that when you fent me-to Ma- -cedonia to raife recruits,.you told me there was @. “ great many young men hid in your mother’s houfe s.. “and you gave me particular inftruétions to have no» regard for any-body befides your felf,.but to bring . by force thofe that would not ferve voluntarily... I: execited your orders accordingly, and indeed more. pundtually than was-expedient to my own intereft ;. for I brought you from thence Gorgias, .Hecateus . ‘and Gorgatas, who are doing you very good fer- “ vice, . Now what can be moresunjaft, than for me (who fhould have defervingly fuifer’d, if I had not “ obey’d your commands) to perifh now for having duly put the fame in execution? for your.mother “ has no other caufe to -perfecute us, than that we preferr’d your: good to her favour. I brought you fix thoufand Macedonian foot, and fix hundred horfe, a-great many of which would not have come, . if T had not-compell’d them. . Now as your mother is incens’d againft us on this account, -it feems rea-- “ fonable you Thould reconcile to us her, as you have “ beenthe caufe of our haviug incurr’d her difpleature. Ag .. CHAP. RA aww » PSR RRR RS AR aR aR RRARAR 3 eQaaneYo «Quintus Currivs. B, VII. SA CHAP. IL. Hile Amyntas was thus pleading his caufe, they who had been fent in purfuit of Pole- mon, (whom we before mention’d) having overtaken ‘him, brought him bound before: the affembly. The ‘affembly were {o incens’d againft him, that they could “{carce be reftrain’d from their ufual cuftorn of {toning him to death, without hearing his defence ; when: he, not at all dejected told them, ‘“ he did not defire the “ Jeaft favour to himfelf, provided his flight were not “ intrepreted to his brothers prejudice. If I cannot “ clear my felf, at leat let my crimé be perfonal, “ for their caufe is by fo much the better, that I am fufpected only for having fled. - ‘ The whole affembly was pleas’d with what he faid, and fell a weeping, fo fuddenly were they chang’d ; “and what before had chiefly provok’d their anger, “was the only thing that now reconcil’d them to him. He was a youth in the flower of his age, and had been terrify’d by the difturbance he obferv’d in others, when Philotas was tormented, and fo fled along with them ; but finding himfelf forfaken by his companions, he was deliberating whether he thould purfue his flight, ‘or return to the camp, when they who had been fent after him overtook him; he now wept bitterly, and “beat himfelf about the face, not much concern’d on- ‘his own account, but overwhelna’d with grief at the danger he {aw his brothers in. ‘The king himfelf was mov'd with his behaviour, as well as the affembly ; his brother was the only perfon that feem’d im f cable;B, VI. Quintus Curttus, ur _ cable, who looking at him with a furious countenance, faid, ‘ Fool as thou art, thou fhouldft then have wept “« when thou clapp’dft {purs to thy horfe, thou defert- “ er of thy brothers, and companion of deferters ; * thou miferable wretch, whither, and from whence ** didft thou fly ? thou art the caufe that I am thought “* deferving of death, and that I am now fore’d to *€ ufe thefe terms of accufation.” To this he reply’d, “ that he own’d he was very much to blame, but *€ more for the trouble he had brought his brothers ** into, than for any thing he had done himfelf.* At’ thefe words the whole affembly could no longer com- mand their tears, and acclamations, the ufual tokens by which the multitude declares its favour. It feem’d to be but one voice iffu’d forth by an univerfal con- fent, intreating the king to pardon thefe innocent and brave men. ‘The chief of his friends alfo laid hold of this opportunity, and implor’d his mercy, Then Alexander having commanded filence, faid, “ And * I myfelf difcharge Amyntas and his brothers ; and as for you, young gentlemen (addreffing himfelf to ‘< the prifoners) I had rather you fhould forget the ** favour you now receive from me, than remember * the danger you were in. Be as fincere in your re- © conciliation to me, as Lam in mine to you. If f had not examin’d into the information, my diffimu- lation might have been diftrufted, and it is better for your felves, that you have prov’d your in- nocency, than to remain fufpected. Reflect that no body can be clear’d of any crime till he be try’d: as for you, Amyntas, forgive your brother, and I fhall accept of that as a pledge of your fincere “© reconciliation to my felf"’ Then having difmifs’d the affembly, he fent for Polydamas, who was a par- ticular friend of Parmenio’s, and usd to be next to him in time of battle ; and notwithftanding he imme- A 6 7 ‘diately « ¢ aa « ana aoa aR RRs RSQuinres Currius. B. Vil. meé, -rélying on his innocence, yet being anded ta fetch his brothers, who were very » and.on that account unknown to the ‘king, his affurance turn’d into a deep concern, and ‘he be- gan rather to reflect “én what could be laid to his charge, than how to confyte the fame. The guards who had them ih cuftody, now, brought them forth,, and the king commanded ‘Pélydainas (who was almoft _deadi'with fear) to come nearer him, and having or=. der’d the reft of the company to withdraw, he {poke, to him in theféterms : “ Weare all équally-attack’d by, «* ‘Parmenio’s crime, but éfpecially iny felf and you, “«* whom he has deceiv’d wider the colour‘of friend- “ hip.’ Now I defign to‘make ufe of you to punifhy “© his perfidioufnefs, fee what a confidence I have in * your fidelity. Your biothers fhall' remain with me as «© hoflages, till you have acquitted your ‘elf of this “* ‘traft 3 you fhall’go therefore into. Media, and car- “« ry théfe ‘letters, writ with my own ‘hand, to my “ governours there. . You -mivift be fo expeditious as “* to prevent even fame. I would have you arrive ** thete in the night, and the next day you mutt-exe- ‘cute .my orders. You shall alfo carry letters to “Parnienio, one from my felf,' and another as from “Philotas, whofe feal I have by me; fo by this «* ‘means, the father feeing a letter from his fon, will « have no manner of apprehenfion at the fight of you, :Polydamas being thus deliver’d from his fears, ‘pro- mis’d more than was requir’d ofhim, Alexander hav- ing hereupon very much commended him, and made ‘hima large promifes, Polydamas pull'd off the drefs he had on, and cloath’d himfelf after the Arabian manner, and had two Arabians‘(whofe wives and children re« main’d with the king as pledges for their fidelity) ap- pointed him for companions in hig journey. As they xid upon camels they pafi’d through the dry barren ecuntries'B, VIL. Quinrus Curtrius.. woe countries commodioufly enough, and came: on the- eleventh day to theirjourneysend, Here Polydamas re-affum’d the Macedonian habit, and before.any bo- . dy knew of his arrival; he repair’d to Cleander’s tent. (who was the king’s prator inthis province) about: the fourth watch ; and having deliver'd his letters, it was agreed between them to meet again as.foon as it. was light at Parmenio’s quarters,. for he. had letters to . deliver from the king to others alfo. By this time Parmenio was acquainted with the arrival’ of Polyda- mas, and being overjoy’d at ‘the coming of his friend, , and cager to know what-the king was doing (for hé Tad receiv’d no letters from him of a.confiderable - time) he fent to inquire after Polydamas. The inns in this country have large recefles backwards, which are well -planted with trees that render them very. pleafant. ‘T'his kind of groves is what the kings and nobility take great delight in. Parmenio was walking in the grove in the middle of thofe officers who had receiv'd orders from the king to kill him, The time fix'd upon to execute ther defign, was when he thould be reading the letter Polydamas was to deliver tohim. Polydamas, at a great diftance, no fooner perceiv'd by Parmenio’s cheerful countenance that he faw him, than he ran to embrace him ; and after their mutual careffes, Polydamas deliver’d him the king's letter. While he was opening it, he afk’d Polyda- mas, what the king was doing? whe told him, his. letter would inform him. Parmenio therefore having, read the letter, faid, ‘ the king is preparing to march. * againft the Arachofians:”’ “ He is a prince inde- ‘* fatigably laborious and never idle! but I fhould “ think it were high time for him now to fpare his © perfon, having acquir’d fo much glory.” Then he took the othcr letter writ in Philotas’s name, and fecm'd by his countenance to be pleafed with the One,’ 14 . Quintus: Curtius. B, VIL contents of it ; while he was thus employ’d, Cleander ftabb’d him in the fide, and afterwards ftuck him in the throat, the reft running him through as he lay dead on the ground. “The guards, who ftood at the entrance into the grove, underftanding he was mur- der’d, without knowing for what reafon, repair’d to the camp, and with the furprizing tidings put it all in aconfufion. Hereupon the foldiers arm’d themfelves, and ran to the wood where their general’s body lay, and threatn’d “* to break down the walls of the place, “* and facrifice all they found in it, to the manes of “ their commander, if Polydamas and the reft con- “« cern’d in his murther, were not immediately deli- “ ver'd up to them. Cleander therefore order’d the “« chief officers to be admitted,” and read to them the king’s letters, to the foldiers containing Parme- nio’s treafon, and Alexander’s requeft to them to vin- dicate his caufe. Thus being fatisfy’d that it was done by the king’s directions, the feditien was quieted, tho’ their indignation was not appeas’d. The greateft rt of the foldiers being gone, the few that remain’d ege’d, “ That they might at leaft be allow’d to *© bury his corps,” which was a long time refus’d, Cleander fearing he fhould by that allowance incur ” the king’s difpleafure. But as they perfifted obftinate- ly in their demand, to avoid the ill confequences that -might enfue, he caus’d the head to be cut off, and allow’d them to bury his body: the head he fent to ‘the king. Such was Parmenio’s end, a man of an .eftablith’d reputation both at home and in the army, -he had done feveral great exploits without the king, .but the king had done nothing of moment without chim: he had been able to fatisfy the expedtation of a profperous prince, who required performances an- {werable to his own extraordinary fortune ; he was feventy years of age when he was kill’d, and would - often (notwithftanding the burden of his years) do-the partB. VIL «Quintus Currtus, - 15 part of a young. general, and fometimes that of a pri- vate foldier. ': He was -wife in counfel, brave in aéti- on;.belov’d by the chief officers, but {till more dear to the common foldiers. Whether thefe qualifications infpir’d him with the thoughts of reigning, or onl: made him fufpected, may be doubted ; becaufe it fs uncertain whether Philotas’s declaration was true, or only forc’d from him by the violence of his tortures, fince when the thing was frefh, and fo moft likely to be clear’d, it remain’d {till doubtful. Alexander thought it advifable to feparate from the reft of the army,. thofe who had complain’d of Parmenio’s hard fate ; he therefore incorporated them into a body ‘by themfelves, and gave Leonidas (who had himflf formerly been very intimate with Parmenio) the com- mand of them. ‘They happen’d to be the very men the king had a private pique againft on ‘another ac- count. For one day refolving to found the minds of his foldiers, he gave the whole army to underftand, “ That if they had any letters to fend into Mace- “ donia to their friends, they might give them to his “ meffengers, who would be fure to deliver them “ faithfully.” Hlereupon every one writ his thoughts frankly : fome were cite weary of the war; how- ever, the major part lik’d it welf enough. ‘The let- ters being all brought to the king, he thereby dif- cover’d who had writ favourably of him, and who -had complain’d of his proceedings ; he therefore now ‘order'd them to encamp feparately, by way of infamy, intending to make ufe of their fervice in the war ; and yet prevent their infecting the reft of the army with ‘their licentious difcourfe. The king’s conduct might here be call’d in queftion, (fince he thereby exa{pe- -rated the minds of a great many brave young men) yet his ufual happinefs turn’d this, ‘as well as all other things, to his advantage 5 for in the fubfequent wars, 2 hone26 Qvinres Coens, BVI. mone were xeadier on all océafions than- thay, .their - -courage {purring them on-to-dignalize, them{elves, jas “well to-wipe ff their sifgencd, “ascbecaufe in fo. fmalk: .anumber their gallant behaviour :could--net lie undif> . scovered., we SMa RRRERNORRERSER. SO CHAP. HL. TP Nss ‘being. feteled: after this manner, Alexe - -_ sander appointed a: fatrap‘or governor: over-tlie- Ariani, ‘andthen gavernotice of his expedition againit the Agriafpians, who at this time (having chang’d their appellation) were call’d Euergete, for their having, formerly teliev’d Cyrus’s army,. when sit was -aflifted “with hunger and cold... The ah-day after he arriv’d du. this country; she-receiv’d -intelligence, ‘* That Sa- “* tibarzanes{who had revolted. to Beflus)' was-march'd: *< with-a-body.-of horfe, to make another irruption “ into the-country. of the Ariani."” Hereupon:he.de- tach’d again himfix-thoufand of the Grecian infan- try, and fix hundred.-horfe, under the command of . -Caranus, Erigyius, Artabazus and Andronicus ;-.and remain’d himfelf-fixty -days with the Euergeta, .du- sing which time he regulated that ftate, and beftow'd : @greatfum of money.on them for theireminent fer- . vice and fidelity to Cyrus ; after which he:conftituted : Amenides- governor over them, and then march’d and ‘fubda'd-the.Arachofians, whofe country extends-itlelf - as far.as the Pontic fea. Here he-was foin’d by the:army Parmenio had.commanded, which confitted . ef x.thoufand Macedonians, two hundred of the no- bility, :and.five thonfand Greeks, with two hundred harle 5 it was, beyond difpute,.the main.ftrength of the.B.VH. Quivrus Currivs. -19 the king’s forces: he appointed Menon governor over the Arachofians in the quality of praetor; then he enter’d into a country hardly known to thofe that bor-. der'd upon it, for the inhabitants admit of no manner of communication with their neighbours. They are call’d Parapamifade, and are a very rude unpolith’d people, even to that degree that they may be reckon’d the moft uncivilized of all the Barbarians; the rough- nefs of the country feems to have contributed to. that of their minds. They lie very far northward, . and border upon Bacira on the weit, looking towards the Indian fea on the fouth, Their cottages are built of brick from the bettom to the top, the country af. fording no wood, not fo much as on the mountains. Their ftrv€ure is broad, and by degrees grows nar- yower as it rifer, “till at lait it clofes in the form of the keel of a fhip, there being a hole left in the middle to tranfmic the light. If they find any vines er trees any where, not deltroy’d by the rigour of the cli- mate, they cover them with earth during the winter,. and when the fhow is quite-diffolved they reftore them to the air and the fun; but the fnows are here fo deep, and fo congeal’d with the froft, that no foot- fteps or traces-of ‘beat or bird appear in all the coun-. try. The light is fo obfcure, that it may be com- par’d to the dimnefs ofthe night, fo. that thofe things that are neareft at hand are hardly difcernable. In this wretched country, deftitute of all manner of culture, the army fulfer’d all kinds of evils, hunger, cold, wearinefs and defpair. The exceflive coldnefs of the fnow kill’d a great many, it deftroy’d the feet of others, but it was generally very pernicious to their eyes, If, being tir’d, they irid, themfelves down upon the frozen fnow, their bodies, for want of motion, were fo penctrated by the piercing rigour of the air, that they could not rife again, till help’d up by their companions, who found no beter epee : Leng18 Quintus Curtivs. B. VIE, dient to unbenumb their iff limbs, than that of com- elling them to walk ; by which means the vital heat being ut into motion, they recover’d fome part of their former vigour: fuch of them as could get into any of the cottages were foon reftor’d, but then the darknefs was fo great, that thefe cottages were only difcoverable by the fmoke. As the inhabitants had never feen any ftrangers before in their territories, when they perceiv’d the arm’d foldiers they were ready to die with fear, and very willingly brought to them what their huts afforded, defirmg only’ they would fpare their lives. The king walk’d on foot round his forces, raifing fuch as were Jaid down, and fupporting others that could not walk ; fometimes in the front, fometimes in the middle, and fometimes in the rear, {paring no pains to exprefs his care for his men. At length they came to a better country, where he refreth’d his army with plenty of victuals, and waited till thofe that could not keep up with him had rejoin’d him. From hence he mov’d towards mount Caucafus, which with its long ridge of hills ftretches itfelf thro’ Afia, having on one fide of it the Cilician fea, and on the other the Cafpian fea, the river Araxes, and the deferts of Scythia, Mount Taurus, which holds the fecond rank for bignefs, joins to mount Cauca- fus 5 it takes its rife from Cappadocia, and running acrofs Cilicia joins itfelf to the mountains of Arme- nia, fo that all thefe mountains being united form one continu’d ridge, out of which almoft al! the rivers of Afia flow, fome emptying themfelves into the Red Sea, others difcharging them/elves into the Cafpian fea, while others again fall into the Hyrcanian and Pontic fea. The army pafs'd over mount Caucafus in feventeen days; there is a rock in it ten furlongs in compafs, and above four in height, to which (as antiquity relates) Prometheus was bound. At the : ‘ootB.VIL Quintus Currivs. 39 foot of this mountain, Alexander made choice of a place to build acity, which he peopled with feven thoufand of the oldeft Macedonians, and fuch other foldiers as were of no farther ufe to him. The in- habitants gave it the name of Alexandria, SIHISGIHITSLS GasISsNS CHAP. IV. . Bu Beffus being alarm’d at Alexander’s expedi- tion offer’d a facrifice to the gods of the country ; and then, according to the caftom of thofe people, at an entertainment which he gave his friends, he deli- berated with them concerning the war. As they were well loaded with wine, they extoll’d their own ftrength, and defpis’d the enemy, one while for their rafhnefs, and then again for their {mall number: Bef- fus particularly was very furious in his expreffions, and being elated on the account of the kingdom he had Jately procur’d by his treafon, he told them, “ it © was Darins’s folly, that had given the enemies arms * fo great a reputation, for he muft needs go and meet them in the ftraits of Cilicia, when at the fame time by retiring, he might have drawn them . infenfibly into places impracticable even by their natural fituation, cafting fo many rivers and moun- tains in their-way, that they might have been fur- ‘ priz’d in thofe lonefome retreats, and hinder’d from all poffibility of flying, without having it in their power to make any refiftance. It was his refolu- tion therefore to repair to the Sogdians, and fo leave the river Oxus as a wall between him and the enemy, till he had got together a powerful army from the neighbouring nations. ‘The Chorafmians, the Dahz, the Saca, and the Indians as well as the . «© Scythians RRR ARR ARARK RAS26 Quinrus Curtius. B VE. ® Scythians that inhabit beyond ‘the river Tanais, * would not fail to join him, who are none of them. ** fo low in ftature, but that their fhoulders are upen. “ the level with the Macedonians heads.” They unanimoufly (in their drunken hamour) agreed, that that was the wilelt courfe he could take. Hereupow Beffus caus’d the wine-to be fill’d about plentifully, and routed Alexander horfe and footat-table. ‘There . happen’d to be at the feaft, amongft the reft, a Medi-. an nam’d Cobares, more .renown’d for his profeffion of the magical art, (if it may be call’d an art, and not rather-an illufion upon fuperftitidus tempers) than for any great_ knowledge he had therein; bat other- wife he was a moderate good man enough. This man (by the way of preface) told Beffus, “ he was “fenfible it was fafer for a fervant to obey btindly,. ** than to-give advice ; fince they who obey are fure * of the fame lot with the ret: whereas they that “* vehture to perfuade or give counfel, ran a particu- “ Jar rifk.” Upon thefe words, Beffus gave him the cup he had in his hand ; which Cobares having re- ‘eeiv'd, he exprefi'd himfelfin the following manner:- “¢ Mankind is in this refpeét very unhappy, that every “ one is of a clearer fight in other peoples affairs, “ than in his own. There is a confufion of thought “ in him. that advifes with-hinvelf; fear, defire, and ‘* an overweening to our own conceptions, are fo “* many objtacles: a-for pride, it cannot be thoaght “ to fall into your nature. You havefound by experi+ “$ ence, however, that every one flatters himfelf fo “© far as to think his own counfel the only falutary or “* the moft proper expedient. Now you ought to re- ‘6 Heét, that you, bear a great burden on your head. “€ in the crown ; you muft carry it with wifdom and “ moderation, or it will (may the heavens forbid it). ‘ crufh you. Ie is conduct and prudence that are re-. ‘Sf quifite in the prefent janure; rahne(s.and violence - " , . areB. Vit. Quintus ‘Curriws.: at “« are altogether ufelefs.” Then he took notice of a ~ proverb among the Battrians: ** That the fearful ** dog barks furioufly, tho’ he dares not bite ; and *« the deépet xivers glide along with the leaft noife.” Which fayings I take notice of, to fhew, that ever among the Barbarians, there were fome {parks of wif- -dom worthy obfervation. Thisawaken’d the attention of the whole affembly, who were in mighty expeta- tion of the main drift of his difcourfe. After which, he fpoke his opinion, which would have prov’d more nfeful to Beffus, than it was agreeable, “* You have, ** fays he, almoft at the gates of your palace, an ex- *© peditious indefatigable prince, who will fooner move « his whele army, than you remeve this table. Is *© this a time to call for troops from the river 'Tanais, “© or to think of oppofing rivers to the enemy? can “* you imagine, that you can Ay where he cannot “© follow you? the way is in common to you beth, “* but indeed, jis fafeft to the victor. And if you look * npon fear to be nimble and fwift, you ought te “ confider, that hope is ftill fwifter. Why do not * you therefore court the favour of the fronger, and «© Jay yourfelf at his mercy ? be the event what it © will, it cannot but be more advantageous to you to “* furrender your felf, than to remain his enemy. “ The crown you wear, is not your own, and there- * fore you may the more willingly part with it; be- “« fides, you may then perhaps with reafon think “ your felf a lawful king, when he has made you “ fuch, who can either give or take away your king- “ dom, ‘You have here a faithful countel, which to * be leng in executing, is fo mnch time lof. The « hotle of {pitit isgoverned.by the very thadow of the * fwitch, whereas the dull jade is net quickn’d evea « by the spur. Beffus, who was cholerick in his nature, and at this cine heated with wine, could hardly be kept by his : fricnds"9 Quintus Curtis, B. VII, friends from killing him, for he drew his {word in or- der to it, and ina rage left the company ; and Co- bares, during the tumult, fled to Alexander. Beflus’s army confifted of eight thoufand Baétrians, who (while they believ’d the rigor of their climate would, caufe the Macedonians to march into India) remain’d faith- ful to him; but when they had certain advice of Alexander’s coming againft them, they all deferted Beffus, every one repairing to his own habitation. As for Beffus, he with a fmall number of fuch as had an immediate dependence on him, and therefore adher’d firmly to him, pafs'd the river Oxus, burning after- wards their boats, that the enemy might not make not ufe-of them, and then endeavour'd to raife a freth ar- my among the Sogdians. an Alexander, as we faid before, had pafs’d over mount Caucafus; but there was fuch a fcarcity of corn in his camp, that it was not far from a famine. They prefs’d the juice of Sefama, and therewith anointed their limbs, as if it had been oil; but this juice was fo dear, that each meafure call’d Amphora, fold for two hundred and forty Denarii; the fame meafure of honey, coft three hundred and ninety ; and that of wine, three hundred; as for wheat, there was none at all, or a very final quantity. Thefe barba- rians ufe fubterranean granaries, which they call Siri, and cover them fo artfully, that none but thofe that are privy to them, can find them out. In thefe they had bury’d all their corn, fo that the foldiers, for want thereof, were forc’d to live upon herbs, and fuch fifh as the rivers afforded : when this food fail'd them likewife, they were commanded to kill their carriage cattle, by which’means they made a hard shift to fubfit till they came into the country of the Bactri- ani. This country has great variety of foils; fome places abound with trees and vines, and afford plenty of very good fruits, the foil being fat and well water’d, _ That ground that is fit for corn they fow with Wheat, anB. VIL «= Quintus Curtius, 23 land the reft ferves as pafturage for their cattle, At the fame time a great part of this country is nothing but barren fands, whofe exceflive fterility and drynefs, af- fords no nourifhment neither for man, nor fruit ; and when the winds blow from the Pontic fea, they fweep thefe fandy plains into great heaps, which at.a diftance have the appearance of hills, and thereby ‘quite deftroy all the marks of former roads. They 1 therefore that travel this way, are oblig’d to obferve ithe ftars in the night, like mariners, and by their 4 means dire&t their courfe ; and indeed the noctarnal fhade is rather more luminous than the day-light ; fo { that there is no travelling here in the day-time, there } being no track or footftep to follow, and the flars being intercepted by thick mifts. Now if any per- fons are travelling, while the aforefaid winds blow, they are fure to be overwhelm’d with this flying fand. On the other fide, where the country affords abetter foil, it is crowded with inhabitants, and well ftock’d with horfes. Baftra, which is the capital _ci- ty of this country, is fituate under a hill call’d Pa- rapamiffus ; the river Bactrus runs by its walls, and gives its name both to the town and country. . " While the king lay here encamp’d, he receiv’d an account out of “ Greece, that the Peloponnefians and “ Lacedemonians had revolted 5’ for they were not yet reduc’d, when the meffengers firft fet out to ac- quaint Alexander with their defection. This ill news was attended by another more immediate danger “ from the Scythians, who inhabit beyond the river “ Tanais, and were {aid to be coming to affift Beffus. “ He likewife receiv’d at this time, an account of “* what had pafs'd in the country of the Arians, un- “ der the conduct of Caranus and Erigyius.” The Macedonians and Arians being engag’d, Satibarzanes who commanded: the latter, feeing the men did not fight with that vigour he defir’d they thould, (both : armies Latins tick nlt ntact a ec ne teen eae ed enn te el NS ee Nat nce24 - Quintus Curtivs, B. VIL -armies: feeming to have equal advantage) rid up to the firft rank, and caus'd a ceflation of arms; then \ taking: off his helmet, ‘ he challeng’d any one of ** the Macedonians toa fingle combat, and at the “ fame time-declar’d he would fight bare-headed.” Erigyius could not brook the infolence of the Barba- rian, and notwithflanding he was advanc’d in years, yet he was not -inferior to any of the young men in point of courage or-ftrength of body : He therefore took of his helmet, and fhewing his grey hairs, faid “ the day is come in which I will either by a vifory, “ or an honourable death, demonftrate to the world “‘ what friends and foldiers Alexander has.” And “without any Farther fpeech, he rid up to the enemy. ‘One would have thought both armies had receiv’d orders to hotd: their hands, and forbear fighting ; for they immediately drew back and gave the com- batants room, both fides being intent upon the iffue of this duel, which was not only to.decide the matter between the two generals, but alfo between both armies. The Barbarian caft his javelin firft, which Erigyius avoided by a {mall declination of his head, and clapping {purs to his horfe, run his fpear into his adverlary’s throat, fo that it came out behind his neck. The Barbarian hereupon fell from his horfe, but yet ftruggled, which made Erigyius draw his fpear out of his throat, and run it into his mouth. And Satibarzanes, to rid himfelf the fooner of his’ pain, clap’d his hand to the fpear, and further'd his enemy's ftroke. : The Barbarians having loft their general, whom they had follow'd more out of neceflity than’ good- ‘will, and calling to mind Alexander’s favours to them, déliver'd up their arms to Erigyius. The king was pleas’d with this fuccefs, but was a littl un- ealy at tht Lacedemouians defection ; however, he bore it with great magnanimity, and faid, “ they did . notB. VIL. : Quintus Cugtius, 25 _© not dare to difcover their intentions, til! they under+ * flood he was advanc’d to: the remoteft pact of “ India.’ Then decamping. he continy’d’ his Pur- fuit of Beffus, and was met by Erigyius, who thew'd him the {poils of his cnemy, as an ornament of his glorious uictory. CHAP. V. Lexander having committed the country of Bac- triana to the care of Artabazus, left there his haggage, under a fufficient guard ; while he with a fying camp enter’d into the defsrts of the Sogdians, marching his army by night. The great want of water heve (as we before took notice) infam’d the foldiers drought (by the defpair of getting any) be- fore they had any real occafion to drink. Vor the {pace of four hundred furiongs, there is not a Grop of water to be foand ; and the neat of the fun i in fum- being very vehement, it kk e fands, that every thing fire. Betides, there arifes uch a mitt ace this exceflive heat of the find} that du much obfcur'd thereby, and the phi 3 carry pearance of a vaft and decp fea. Notwithitandiag which, it was tolerable good wavelling there in ¢ night, by reafon of the dews and the frefhnefs of mornings. However, as the heat begins with the very light, it foon'parches up all the moiitare of the air, fo that not only the outward parts, but even the bowels, are quite burn'd up withit. Jn thefe extre- mities. therefore, their hearts fail’d them Art, and then their bodies became faint, and they were as un- willing to fland Rill, as to co forward, Some few Vou dh B amonalt X26 Quintus Curtius, B, VIL -amongft them, by the advice of fuch as knew the country, had provided themfelves with water ; this fery’d them a little while, but as the heat increas’d, ‘fo did the defire of liquor to quench theiv thirft. This made it a neceffity to diftribute among them, what wine and oil there was. The pleafure they found in sdrinking, was fo great, that they did not refle@ they Should be dry any more, and therefore drank fo large- ly, that they were no longer able to carry their arms, nor to march ; fo that they feem’d happier that wanted water, than they that were fupply’d with wine and soil, fince by their immoderate ufe of it, they were fore’d to vomit it up again. As the king was tho- roughly griev’d at all thefe calamities, his friends came sabout him, and defir’d him to reflect, that his great toul was the only remedy in the prefent misfortune. It happen’d at this juncture of time, that two of thofe that were fent before to mark out.a camp, came and met him, bringing along with them fome bottles -of water, which they intended for their fons, who were in the army, and were ready to perifh with thirft. When they faw the king, one of them open- ing a bottle, pour'd out a cup full, and prefented it to his majefty. He tools it from him, and afk’d him, -who they intended the water for ? To which they an- Awered, for their fons. Whereupon the king return- ing the cup fill as it was, faid, “* I cannot find in “my heart to drink alone, and this finall quantity “€ will not afford every onc fome, wherefore carry it © to your fons for whom you firt defigned it.” At length he came to the river Oxus, about the ‘beginning of the night; but a great part of the army not having been able to kecp up with him, ‘“ he “© caus’d fires to be made on the tops of hills, that “* they that were behind, might thercby know they “© were not far from the camp.’? Then he order'd ahem that were with him, ‘ to refreih themf{elves « wichB, VIL = Quintus Curtivs, a7 * with viduals and drink as faft as they could, and “ then take water in fins and other veffels, and “ carry them to their fellow-foldiers.”” They whe drank immederately, immediately dy'’d; and he loft more men this way, than he had ever Jott in any battle. As for himfelf, he kept on his armour, ard without either eating or drinking, plac’d himielf on the way the army was to come, without any refrcfh- ment at all, till all thofe that lagg’d behind had pafe'd by him; and afterwards he pafs’d all that night without fleep, in greatanxiety of mind, The next day he was not lefs uneafy, becaufe he had no boats, and there was no pofiibility of beilding a bridge, there being no timber thercabout. He therefore had recourfe to the only expedient necefity faggelted to him ; which was to caufe a great number of {kins to be fill’d with ftraw, and diftmbuted to the foldiers, upon which they laid themfelves, and fo pafs'd the river: they that got over fill put them- telves in order of battle, till the reft fwam over te them. Thus in fix days he pafs’d his whole army to the other fide, and was refoly’d now to continue his purfuit of Beffus, when he receiv’d information of what had happen’d among the Sogiians. There was one Spitamenes, who was particularly in Beffus his favour, and had receiv’d great honours from him. But a perfidious nature is not to be pre- vail’d upon by merit, or kindnefs ; howeves, it was lefsadious in him, by reafon nothing could be reckon’d criminal that was done againit Bellus, who liad fe bafely murder’d his fovercign. Defides, this Spita- menes put 4 fair glofs upon his treachery, pretending he did it to revenge Darius ; whereas in truth, it was licflus’s fortune they envy’d, more than they hated his crime. Ba Wher28 Quintus Curtius. B, VIE When this man underftood that Alexander had pafs’d the river Oxus, he communicated his defign to Dataphernes and Catenes {in whom Befius had the the greatcit confidence) who very readily enter’d into his meafures, and taking with them eight lufy young fellows, they refolv’d upon this artifice. Spitamenes goes to Betius, and privately tells him, “ he under- “ {tood Dataphernes and Catenes had confpir'd to “ feize him, and deliver him up alive to Alexander ; <¢ that therefore he had fecur’d them, and put them «in bonds.” Hereupon Beffus, thinking himfelf very much oblig’d to him, return’d him many thanks, aad being cager to take vengeance of them, order’d them to be brought before him.” They having their hands ty’d by concert were dragged along by their ac- compiices ; and Befius no {eoner fw them, but look- ing at them with a flern countenance, he rofe up adefign to wreak his revenge upon them with his own hand. But they laying afide the difguife, iurrounded him immediately, and bound him, pulling the diadein from his head, and tearing his garments, which was part of the {poils he had taken from the snurder’d king, He then confefs’d, “ ‘That the a- “ venging gods were at hand;” and added, “ that “* they were not unjuit to Darius, whom they re- * yeng’d alter this manner ; but were over-propitioss to Alexander, whofe victories were always pro- « moted by his enenies.”? It is a doubtful thing, wheuicr the majority of the Ba&rians would have - fulfer'd this whge of him, had not the con- wtors given out that they did it by Alexander's , and to terrify’d those whofe thoughts were wavering, Having therefore fet him on horfeback, they brought Lin away, in order to deliver him up iv the king, who in the mean time had made a draught ef nine hundred men, whole fervice deferv'd they thouldB, VIL Quintus Curtius. 29 fhould be difmifs’d. He therefore gave to cvery wooper two talents, and to every foot-foldicr three thoufand denarii, and havirg hieind trem “ to “marry and get children, o" he e fert them home. At the fame time, ke thank od * for their “* willingnefs to {¢ 7 “ the war.” Wi came to alitctawr, who Branchide. ‘Vhey were | return’d fiom Giecec) tran niplanted: ni} festien.ent in coafideration of th tempic of Apotic Didymet Vaey had not quite forfaken the cuftoms country, eiv lanewage vi i sewn and ther of the y exprefy’d ag and ready” wn to bina, 9 that rar the hi Hefian, buve an old grudge to the Branchide:. ‘The king therctore referr'd it to them, whether they would confider their extraction, or revenge their for- mer injury ; and as they vary’d in their opinions, he told chem, ‘ he would advife with himfelf what was ‘“ bet to be done in the matter,” The next day, when the deputies from the Branchidw came to meet him, he commanded them to attend him, and being come to the town, he enter’d the gates thereof with Re rt of bis army, he order’d the phalanx to furround the place, and iipon the fignal given, “ to pillage ** the reeepra.te of traitors, and put them all to the * fword.” 'Phefe poor wretvhes being in a defence- lef, condition, were every where butcher’d, and nei- ther conformity of language, the humble pofture of fuppliants, nor the molt fervent intreaty, could put a sop to this authorized cruelty, ‘The very fonnda- B; dons and having his favo. of their fort count? deal of } render'd & both30 Quintus Curtius. B, VIL tions of the walls were dug up, that there might not be the leat footfteps Ieft of the town. heir fury did not itop here, for they not only cut down the con- fecrated woods, but allo grubb'd up the very roots thereof’, that there might be nothing left but a barren: wate folitude. Now had this craclty been prattis’d on the ranfgreffors, it might have been thought jdt powshment of their crime ; but here pofterity thd for the fins of its forefathers, without ever gf much as feen Miletus, far from being able it to Xerxes. Vrom hence he advane’d to the river Tanais; here: ti s brought to him, not only bound, but Rripe Spicamenes led bim by a chain thar at his neck 3 a fight no lefs agreeable to the tLan to the Macedonians, Then Spita- ufelf to Alexander, faid, ‘* I have * reveng'd the caele of Darius, ard you, Sir, both “* my fovereigns, and have brought to you the bafe “ merdever of his king, having taken him after the ‘* fixe manner as he gave the example, O that ‘© Porlas could open his eyes to view this fpetacle ! © That he could arife froin the dead, who deferv’d * not that punithment, but well deferves this comfort { Afexandcr-having highly commended Spitamenes, tarn’d to Beilus, and afk’d him, “ What beattly rage “ had prompted him, firkt to bind, and then to mur- “ der a prince who had loaded him with fo many fa- “ wours? but, faid he, the ufurp’d title of king was “© the reward of thy parricide.”” To which Beflus, not daring to excufe his crime, anfwer'd, “ That it “ was true he had taken upon him the regal dignity, “ Ibut it was only that he might thereby be able to * preferve it for him, fince if he had not done fo, * tome body clf would not have failed to feize it.” Bat Alexander, without having any regard to this freceh, call’d for Oxathres, Darius’s brother, (who WisB. VIL «=Qurtus Curtiuvs. 31 was one of his body guards) and order’d Beflus “ to “© be deliver'd up to him, that being faften’d to a “ crofs, having his cars and nofe cut of, he might “« ferve for a mark for the Barbarians to fhoot at with “ their arrows, without fuffering the very birds to * come at his body.”’ Oxathres readily teok upon him to fee all the reft perform’d, byt as for the kecp- ing off the birds, none could do that befides Catenes ; which he did out of a cefire to thew his unparallel'é dexterity, for he fhot with fo exact an aim, that the very birds flying could notefeape him : and notwith- ftanding the common yuactice of fhooting with bows and arrows, renders this art Jefs admirable, yet thofe that beheld the performance were furpriz’d, and Ca- tenes was highly eftcem’d for it; afterwards the king made prefents to all thofe who had brought Beflus 10 him, but delay’d his execution till they came to the fame place where he had kill’d Darius. CHAP, VI. N the mean time the Macedonians going out to I forage, without obferving their ufval difcipline, were. attack’d and worflcd by the Barbarians, who came upon them from the neighbouring mountains, and took a great many more of them prifoncrs than they kill’d; fo that driving the captives before them, they return’d again to the hills. They were sbout twenty thoufand that lurk’d here, and were accuftom’d to live by plunder, Their arms were flings and bows. The king therefore came and beficg’d them, and as he was fighting amongft the foremoft, was wounded with an arrow in the middle of the leg, where the B4 head' Quintus Curtivs. B, VI. herevpon the Macedonians and carry’d him back were not unfenfible of O's being carryd olf from the place of action, y coula divcover cvery thing from the top of ho JOE ‘khey therefore font the next day deputies i immediately order’d to be in- cd; and thing off the bandage from his leg, he facw'd it to them, ciflembling the danger of his wound: then having commanded them to fit down, y wid him, *¢ ‘The Macedonians themfelves were “ not more ali€ed at his being wounded than they “ d that it they knew the author of it, they ‘“ srurenily deliver him into his hands ; for it “ Eciong’d only to the facrilegious, to fight with the ° and tnercfore they 1vlenited to him, being » virtue aad bravery.” ‘The king greceiv’d bis captives, took them into sihis he decamyp cd, being carry’d in a military 4 be foot friving for the honour of I ds be 3 the horfe alicdg'd in jullifcation of t retenfions, “ that the king ufually fought “among & them.” On the other fide, the foot thous ight, “ becaufe they were us’d to cury ther fellow-foldiers when wounded,’ and “ therefore look’d upon it as an injuftice done them “ to be depriv’d of their office in the perfon of their hing’? Wherefore the king taking into confidera- tion their mutual flrife, and refledling how hard it was to make a choice in the prefent ele, finee they who . ied would dink theruelves inpu’d, com- fetthan co take hin by tame, . were trembene unetie rourtli day £02 town call’d Ma ted cities whereof were threefoore and ten bo doses ineompal, bur die calle bad no wails 5 leaving: aide yavidon in the tewa, he bua and pi. fag’B. VIE, Quintus Curtis. 33 lag’d the neighbouring villages. Here he receiv’d am- bafiadors from the Abian Scythians,who had maintain’d their liberty ever fince the deceafe of Cyrus, but now readily offer’d to fubmit to his commands. It is certain they were the jafteft of all the Earbarians, never having recourfe to arms but when provok’d ; and were befides fo righteous in their moderate an fair ule of their liberty, that the meancit among them. were upon the level with the greateit. The king ha- ving receiv’d them graciously, fent Penidas, whe was of the band of his friends, to thofe Scythians who inhabit “© Europe, to forbid them to pafs the river “ Tanais without his leave. He likewife order’d “ him, to make the beft difeovery he could of the “ fituation of the country; and alfo to vifit thofe “ Scythians that border on the Bof made choice of a place to build a city on, “ upon the “ bank of the Yanais, which might fervess a carb to- *© thofe nations he had already fubdu'd, a3 well as to “« thofe that he deter : Buc this defign was del ; dians, which was folow'd by tha They were about fven theutand rity influcrzc’d the reit ; Al Spitamencs and Catences whi: him, no wife doubing bu furredtion might be : ew'd, Batas they we: commotions they were fent to qu rumour, that the king had feut fer the “valry for no other ¢ at but to be cut to picces, and that this was t commibion, but they wee fr from being capalle of crcenung fo bom defign agains their own countiysien 5 for wile, they detelted Alexander's cruclty asanuch as they hated Belfus’s parricide.”” As they were of tem. felves inclin’d to rife, it was uo dificult matter by Bs fach “ nevefove fent for iiverd Beflus to “ “ce “e ‘ €34 Quintus Curtivs. B, VI. fuch infinuations as thefe, to make them take to their arms. The king being inform’d of the defeCion of thefe traytors, commanded Cratcrus to befiege Cyro- polis, while he himfelf took another town in the fame country by a general aflault ; upon the fignal given they kill'd all that were at man’s eftate, the reft were a prey to the vidlors : The town was demolifh'd for an example to others. This did not hinder the Memacenians (who were a valiant peopic) from refolving to fuftaina fiege, as being not only the moft honourable but fafett courfe. he king therefore fent before him fifty troopers with inftruclions * to make the inhabitants {cnfible of his * great clemency and gocdnefs to thofe that fubmit- “ tedto him; and at the fame time how inexorable ** he was to thofe that held ont again him.” To which they made anfwer, “‘ That they did not doubt “ either of the king’s honour or power: ° How- ever, they defir'd them “ to pitch their tents with- ** out the walls of the town, ” where they enter- vain’d them very courteoufly ; and at midnight, when they were in a profound flecp, being loaded with wine, they fet upon them, and cut all their throats. Alexander was no Jefs mov’d at this ufage than the barbarity of the a@ deferv’d, and immedi- ately march’d and invefled the city, which was too Strongly fortifed to be taken at the firft affaule: fo that he left Meleager and Perdiccas to carry on this fiege, and with the reft of the forces he join’ Cisterus, who, as we faid before, was befieging Cy- ropolis, ‘The ing had a great defire to {pare this town, in favour of Cyrus, its founder, for whofe memory, and that of Semiramis, he had x great veneration, on the account of their extraordinary virtac, magnanimity, and memorable exploits ; bat finding the beficg’d re- niain’d obllinate, i¢ fo inceas’d him againft them, that havingBVI. Quintus Currivs, 25 having taken the town, he abandon’d it to the Mace. donians to be pillag’d, who were, not without caufe, very fevereto them. After this he returned to Me- leager and Perdiccas, who were left to carry on the fiewe of the Memacenians. No town ever defended itfelf better ; here he loft his braveft men, and was in the greateit danger himfelf, for he receiv’d fo fu- rious a blow on the neck with a ftone, that it took away his fight, and the prefent ufe of his reafon, The ary was in the greatelt coniternation now, as think- ing him killed; bat he was invincible to thofe things that terrify others, and therefore without waiting till lis wound was cur'd, he carry’d on the fiege with greater vigour, his anger quickening his natural dif- patch and expedition. Having therefore undermin’d the wall, and made thereby a confiderable breach, he carry’d the place by ftorm, and caus’d it to be de- molifn’d. This done, he detach’d Menedemus with three thoufand foot, and eight hundred horfe to the city Maracanda, from whence Spitamenes had driven the Macedonian garrifon, fhateing himfelf up therein, as ina place of fafery. ‘The inhabitants did not much approve of his proceeding, yet they feem’d to con- fet to it, not being able to oppofe him. In the mean time Alexander rcturn’d to the river Tanais where he inclos’d with a wallas much ground as his camp had taken up, which was threetcore furlongs in compafs, and caus'd the town he built therein to be alfo call'd Alexa. The work was carry’d on with fo much cclerity, thar in feventeen days both the walls and howles were find. There was a mighty ftrife among, the foldicis, who fhould foonett perform theiv tatk (for the work was divided amonplt them) fo that the whole being foon perfedied, he peopled it with the captives, whofe ranfoms he paid to their refpestive cwrers 5 and their pettaity (note Bo withi36 Quintus Curtius, B, VIE withflanding the imany ages that are fince elaps’d) are fiill taken notice of in confideration of Alexander's memory. SZ SZ SL SYNE SH SZ S812 SIL WP SU SIL SPE SOULS SESS USSU DoS TSI STARTERS DS SRS TSS SOS CHAP. Vil. HE king of thofe Scythians whofe empire lies hevond the ‘Tanais, looking on the new-built town asa yoke the Macedonians had put abont their necks, fent bis brother Carlofis with a great body of horie *f to Cemolich ic, and remove the Macedonian * forces far from the river.’ "The Tanais’ divides the é 5 from tho European Scythians, and like- wife {erves for the bounds of Afia and Europe; the Scythian nation not being far diftant from T'hrace, extends itfelf from the eal to the northward, and are not, as fome have thought, borderers on the Sarmatians, but are a part of that people. ‘They 9 inkcbit that country that lcs beyond the Ifter, and touches open Eaftriina, which is in the extreme of Afia, northward, where there are vatt foreils, and unbounded walics; but that part of the country that fics near the 'I'a: ais, and looks towards Ba@riana, docs not differ much in culture from other improy'd territories, Alexander finding himflf oblig’d to enter upon an unforefecn war with the’e people, and obfers ing avith what infolence they rid upand down within dis fubts altho” he was not yet rccover’d of his wound, vata his voice pavaceluly fald hia by reafon of his flender diet, and the violent pain in his neck, fui mod his fricnds to council, Jie was not atyaid ° . sheLEE. Z Li Lie ty >> TROPAEVM BALEXANDRO STATVTVM.B. VU. Quintus Curtius, 37 the enemy, but uneafy at the unhappy juncture of affairs. The Baétrians were in open rebellion, the Scythians infulted him, when he was neither able to ftand nor ride, and fo could neither give neceflary orders, nor encourage his men. In this double per- plexity he could not forbear complaining of the “ gods, “ who fore’d him to lie idle, whofe diligence hereto- “ fore none could efcape ; but now his own foldiers “ had much ado to believe he did not counterfeit being «eatl, ‘This made Alexander, who fince Darius’s o- verthrow, had never confulted the foothfayers, re- turn again to that fuperitition, or rather delufion of mankind; he therefore commanded Ariftander, in whom he had the greateit confidence, “ to offer fa- “ crifice, in order theicby to penetrate into the event “ of things.”’ Now it was the cuftom of thefe footh- fayers to infpett the intrails of beafts without the king, and make a report to bim of their obfervations, While thefe means were ufing io find out the hidden iffue of affairs, ‘* he order’d his friends Hephaeftion, Craterus “ and Erigyius, with his body guards to draw near “him, that he might not by firaining his voice, “ break the fear of his wound, which was yet but “ tender.” After which, he fpoke to them in the following manner. ‘“¢ The danger I have to encoun- “ter with, comes upon me at a junéture more fa- vourable to my enemy than my felf; but neceffity takes place of reafon} and more efpecially in war, where it very rarcly happens that we can chufe our own times, “I'he BrQtrmns have revolted when we were jultready to pat our voke upon them, and. they are trying what cou have by oar war with another nation, le iz plan, that if we leave the Scythians, who are attach ine us, we fhallap- pear defficable to thof who have rebell’d; but if on the contrary we pus the ‘T'anais, and fhew & ourfelves invincible at the Scythians colt, there is : “ ag “ « “ « ‘ “ « se. ‘ «38 Quintus Curtius. B. VII. “ “ « “ “ e “ “ « “ “ “ce 6 “ “ “ “ “ “ « “ “ “ “ « “ “ “ “ “ ct “ no doubt to be made, but Europe will alfo lie open to our victorious arms. He is miflaken who mea- fures our glory by the fpace that we are to march. We have only one river to pafs to carry our arms into Enrope, and what an honour will it be to us at the fame time that we are fubduing Afia, to erect trophies of our conquefts, as it were in a new world, by uniting with one victory what nature feparated at fo great a diflance ? But on the other fide, if we make the leait delay, we thaii infallibly have the Scythians on our backs. Are we the only men that can pafs rivers? a great many things, by the means whereof we have been hitherto fuccefs- fal, will turn again us. Fortune will teach the vanquifh’d alfo the art of war. We have lately fhewn the way to pafs rivers upon fkins, which admit the Scythians to be yet ignorant of, the Batrians will foon teach them the way. Befides, there is yet but one army of this nation arriv’d, there are others daily expected ; fo that by declin- ing the war we foment it: and whereas we can now carry the war where we pleafe, by our neg- le&t we fhall be forc’d to be upon the defenfive. What I fay is felf-evident, but whether the Mace- donians will fufFer me to act after my own way I cannot tell, becaufe fince this wound I have not been able to ride on herfcback, or to go on foot: however, if you are willing to follow me, my friends, Iam well. I think rmyfelf ftrong enough to bear the fatigue, and if the period of my life be at hand, pray in what canfe can I die more glo- rioufly ? He utter’d thefe things with fo weak a voice, that they who were next to him could hardly hear him, fo that they unanimoufly endeavour’d to divert him from fo safh an enterprize, efpecially Erigyius, who ‘(finding he could not prevail upon his obftinacy by his intereftB. VIL. Quintus Curtrius, 39 intereft with him) had recourfe to fuperftition, which the king was very much addi€ted to, and therefore told him, “ That the gods themfelves oppos’d his * defign, and threaten’d him with fome extraordina- ** yy misfortune if he pafs'd the river.” Frigyius, as he was entring the king’s tent, had met Ariftander, who had inform’d him, “ That the entrails of the ** bealls appear’d unlucky.” Hereupon Alexander filenc’d hin, reddening with anger as well as fhame, that his fuperftition, which he thought to conceal, was thus made public, and fent for Ariftander ; who being come, he told him (a little tranfported) “ That * he fuppos’d he was no longer his king but a pri- * vate perfon : did not I command you to offer fa- “ crifice? why then did you difclofe to any but my- “ felf what the fame portended? Erigyius, by your * treachery, has penetrated into my fecrets ; as for «him, I am fure he makes his own fear and not * you, the interpreter of the entrails, 1 peremptorily * charge you to tell me yourfelf, what you learn’d “ by your obfervation of the victims, that you may * not have it in your power, to deny what you fhall * have faid.”? Ariftander at thefe words fiood like ‘one aftonifhed, turning pale, and {peechlefs thro’ fear ; but then again, the fame fear prompted him to fpeak, left he fhould provoke the king {till more by his long filence: he therefore faid, *¢ 1 foretold that your “ prefent undertaking would be both perilous and « fullof difficulties, but not untiecefiful; neither is “ itany difcovery from my art, but the fincerity of * my dutiful afieclion for you, that makes me uneafy. T fee how weak you are, and am fenfble how much « depends on your perion alone. In fine, 1 fear you “have not ftrength enorgh to enable you to go “ through fuch an enterprize.” Lhe king bidding him ‘ not diftnf his happinefs (fince the gods intended him {till a larger portion of “ glory) &40 Quistus Curtics, B, VIE * glory)” difmifs’d him.” Afierwards, while the king was deliberating with the fame per fons, “« how © he fhould pais the river;” Ariftander return’d and affar’d him, “ he had facrifie’d again, and had never «* obferv’d more promifing omens, they being very ** different from the frit, in which there was fome “ ground for folicitude : whereas, now the gods ** feem’d to be altogether propitious.” However, the news that was brought Alexander foon after feem’d to break the chain of his uninterrupt- ed profperity. We took notice before that he ha tach’d Mencdemus to befiege Spica mene of the Baétrian revolt ; who upon adv my’s approach, to avoid being ap within the walls of atown, aed concei tome hopes of tre- panning him, had plac'd iimivif'in ambafcade on the way he knew he wasto come. There was a wool thro’ which Menedemus was to pafs, and by reafon of its covert, very ft for Spitamenes’s purpoie ; here he plaid the Dahx, whofe Lorfe carry each two ar- med foldiers, who by turns, as occuiion ferver, fad- dealy difinount, and put the bet order’d cavairy in confufion, for the men ac as fwift as the horfes. Spitainene: order’d therefore thefe troops to farround the wood, and upon the fignal given to attack the ene- my in front, flank and rear at the fame ume. Menc- demus finding bimfelf thus hemnvd in on all fides, and much inferior in nuinber, refolv’d to make the beft refiilance he could, and fo told his men, ‘ That the < only comfort they could now pro pole to thomicly ch © was to die wi coed” Efe was himfulf mount- ed on a firong horte, with wloch he had ofien charg. ed the enemy's ranks, riding full (peed and brone them with a yroai flaughtor ; bet being at prefent ac- tack'd on all disies, awit almolt bloadlets by the many wounds he had reeciv’d, he defir'd a certain friend of hic, nanrd Lypfider, to get upen his horfe, and try to.B. VIL «Quinrus Curtiuvs. 41 to fave himfelf; bat while this was doing, he ex- pired and his body fl to the ground. Hypfides might have got off, if he had had a snind, but having loit his friend, he icormd to live. His only care was to fell his life as dear as he could ; clapping therefore fpurs to his horfe, he rode in among the thickett of the enemy, and having made a great flanghter, at laf was kill’d, They that fill remain’d perceiving this, retir'd to an eminence hard by, and were at latt re- due’d by famine. In this aftion there pcrifh’d two thoufand foot, and three handricd horfe, which lofs Alexander wiicly conccal’d by threatening with death thofe that returied from the defeat, if they divulg’d it. Hddebd ded bd odode dd Gud Gad dha dndod CHAP. Vil. UT ashe could no longer carry on his diflimula- tion, he repair’d to his tent, which he had caus’d on purpofe to be pitch’d upon the bank of the rivers there he pafs’d the night alone without fleep, caiting in his mind what was beft to be done in the prefent junéture, and frequently lifting up the fins of his tent to behold the enemies fires, and be able to guefs at their number. As foon as it was day, he put on his armour, and fhew'd himfelf to the army now the éril time fince he receiv’d his laft wound.’ They had fo reat a veneration for their king, that his prefence fuon Uifipated their fears; they therefore, with tears of joy in their eyes, faluted him, and vow prefi’d him hard to enter upon the war, which they had before refus‘d. Upon this, he told them, © he would pafs the horfe, “and the phalanx in float boats, and the light-arm’d ** part of the army on fluif'd tkins, as he had one heres42 Quintus Curtius, B. VIL. “ heretofore.”” ‘There was no occafion for his faying more, neither could he, by reafon of his infirmity. The foldiers immediately fell to work with fo mach cheerfulnefs, that in three days time they made twelve thoufand of thefe boats, Every thing was now in readinefs for their paflage, when there came twenty ambaffadors from the Scythians, according to the cu- ftom of that nation, riding about the camp, defiring the king might be inform'’d they had a meflage to him : they being introduc’d accordingly, and order’d by his majeity to fit down, look’d very carneftly at him: I fuppofe for this reafon, that they make an eftimate of the mind from the fize of the body, and as he was but a moderate fature, they did not think hin proportionable to his mighty character. The Scythi ans are not a dull, heavy people, like the reft of the Barbarians ; nay, fome of them are faid to attain to as much knowledge as is confiftent with any nation that is conftantly m arms, It is faid, they addrefs’d themfelves to the king in the following terms ; which, tho’ perhaps different from our manners, who live in a politer age, and have our parts better improv’d, yet fuch as it is, we fhall faithfally relate, hoping that if their fpeech be defpis’d, our integrity will not be fuf- pected. The eldeft of them therefore faid, “ If the “© gods had given you a body fuitable to the infatiable * greedinefs of your mind, the world would not be ** able to contain you; you would ftretch one arm ** out to the farcheit extremities of the caft, and “* the other to the remoteft bounds of the weft; and “© not content therewith, would be for examining “© where the glorious body of the fun hid it felf; but ** even as you are, your ambition attempts what you “€ are not capable of. You pafs out of Europe into s Afia, and from Afia you return again to Burope ; “and when you have overcome all mankind, rather *< than be quiet, you'll quarrel with the woods and the * moun- .B. VIL = Quintus Curtius, 43 * mountains, the rivers and wild beafts. Can you be ignorant, that large trees are a long time a growing, tho’ an hour be {ufficient to cut them down? he is “a fool that coveteth their fruit, without duly con- fidering their height. Take heed that while you “ ftrive to climb up to the top, you do not fall head- “long with thofe branches you have grafp’d. A * lion has fometime been the prey of the fmalleft “ birds; and iron it felf is confum’d by ruft. Ih “ fine, there is nothing fo firm and ftrong, but is in * danger of perifhing by what is weaker. What have “you todo with us? we never fo much as fet foot “im your country. Shall not we who pafs our lives “ in the woods, be allow’d to be ignorant who you “are, and whence you come? know, that as we are “ not greedy of cmpire, fo neither can we fubmit to ~ be flaves. Now that you may be fenfible what fort “ of people the Scythians are, heaven has prefented “ us with a yoke of oxen, a plough, an arrow, and “a bowl; thefe things we either communicate with “ our friends, or make ufe of them to defend “ ourfelves againft our enemies: we impart to “ oar friends the corn which is produc’d by the “ labour of the oxen, and with them alfo we fa- crifice to the gods out of the bowl: our arrows “ ferve us againft our enemies ata diftance, and we ** ufe our {pears in a clofer engagement. By thefe means we overcame the king of Syria, and fince, “ the kings of Perfia, and of the Medes, and open’d “ our felves a way even into Egypt. And whereas “* you are pleas'd to give out, that you come to punifh * thieves and robbers ; it is plain you have play'd the “* part of a robber in all the nations you have yet in- “ vaded. You feiz’d Lydia, made your felf matter “© of Syria, and are in prefent poffeflion alfo of Per- “ fia ; the Badtrians are in your power, and you have * penetrated into India ; and after all this, you can- “ not “44 Quintus Curtivs, B, VIL * “e a * the extent of our cot not be fatisfy’d, anlefs you extend your ravenous hands to our harmlefs flocks. What occafion have you for riches, fince they only ferve to en- creafe your appetite ? You are the firft who by fa- tiety fharpen vour hunger, as if all your acquifiti- ons only ferv’d to make you thirft after what you have not. Don’t you reflee& how long the Bactri- ans have employ’d you ? and that while they kept you in play, the Sogdians rebell’d: fo that your very victories feem to afford you frefh matter of “war. Now admitting that you are greater and ftronger than any, yet you ought to confider, that no body can endure long a foreign government. Do but pafs the Tanais, and you may indeed learn ntty, but can never hope to to overtake the Scythians ; our poverty will fil be too nimble for your army, that is laden with the fpoils of fo many naiions. Again, when you think “us the farthelt from you, you fhall find us within your camp. We are equally fwift either to fly or purfue. Lam inform’d, that our defarts ard wacies are become proverbs of fcorn among the Greeks. But for our parts, we make choice of wilds, and thofe places that are void of human culture, rather than of cities and fruitful foils. Hold therefore your fortune as clofe as you can, for he is Hippery. and will not be held againft her will. Wholefone advile is better difcover’d by the confequences, than the prefent, Put a curb therefore to your profpe- rity, and you'll govern it the better. We have a faying amongft us, that fortune is without feet, and has only hands: and wings, and that when fhe ‘ reaches out her hands, the will not fulfer her wings tobetouch'd. Tobe thort, if you are a god, you ought to be beneficent to mortals, and not deprive them of what they have ; and if you are a man, always remember your {elf'to be what you are. It is “ follyB. VIL = Quintus Curtius, 45 * folly to be mindful of thofe things which make you forget your felf. You may make good ufe of the “ friendfhip of thoie you do not exaiperate by war * for the firmef union is amonyit equals ; and thofe fcem to be equals, who have not yet wy’d their « jlrength. Do not imagine thofe you conquer can “ be your friends ; there’s no fr iendthip between the “ fovereign and the flave, for even in ume of peace, “« the rights of war do ftill obtain. "The Scythians in “ their alliances, do not make ufe of oaths to ratify “ the fame, but their intregrity anfwers ail the ends “of oaths. It isa precaution of the Greeks indeed *« to {eal treaties, and invoke the gods; but as for * oarfelves we place our religion in faithfully obtery- * ing our promifes, hey who have no reverence for “men, will not fcruple to deceive the gods ti © fly Befides, you have no eccation fi “ of whole benevolvace you doubt. Now in Ou will have incorruptible guardians both of Afia and “ Europe: there is only the Tanais between us aud Bactria, and beyond the Tanais, we extend our “© felves as far as Uhrace, and Thrace is faid to border “ apon Macedonia. Thus you fee we are your neighbours in both your empires. Confider there- fore, whether you will have us for your friends, or * your cnemies.”” 4 a HN te ore MR ate ty ESM DA Ss CHAP. IN, ILE Rarbarian having finif’d his fpecch, the king made him this anfwer: ‘* that he would depend upon his own fortune, and the countcl “ of his friends + on his fortune, becaufe he had con- “ fidence in its and he would contult the opinion of “ his friends, that he might underake nothing ral 1 oly, “46 Quintus Curtius, B. VIE. «* ly, and avith too great a confidence of fuccefs.” After which, he difmiG’d the ambaffadors, and im- bark’d his army on the boats he had prepar’d for that purpofe. In the fore-part of the boats, he plac’d thote who had bucklers, commanding them “ to “ Ikneel down that they might be les expos’d to the “* enemy’s arrows.” Next to thefe were the direCtors of the machines, having on each fide of them, as well as before, foldiers compleatly arm’d. The reft {tand- ing behind the engines, form’d a tortoife with their bucklers, and fo proteéted the rowers, who had alfo armour on. The fame difpofition was obferv’d in thofe boats that tranfported the horfe, of whom the amajor part held their horfes by the reins of their bridles, and fo drew them along fwimming at the ftern; as for them that were carry’d over on fkins itufPd with ftraw, they were fhelter’d by the float boats. The king, with fuch as he had chofen to accompa- ny him, put off firf, and direéted his courfe to the other fide of the river, where the Scythians had drawn up fome horfe along the bank to oppofe his landing : but befides the appearance of an army on the fhore, the Macedonians met with another danger in their paflage, for they that fteer’d the boats were not able to maintain their courfe crofs the river, by reafon of the rapidity of its current; and the foldiers tottering upanddown, and being apprehenfive of being cat over board, difturb’d the waterman in their bufinefs. In this condition it was impofible for them to deliver their darts with any force, being more folicitous how to ftand fecurely, than to attack the enemy, It is true, their cngines did them great fervice, {eldom failing to do execution, the cnemy ftanding thick upon the fhore, and rafhly expofing themfelves. ‘The barba- rians alfo on their fide poured in clouds of arrows amongft the boats, fo that there was hardly a buck- 1 derB. Vil. Quintus Currius, 47 ler that had not feveral heads fticking in it. At length the boats began to gain the land, and thole that were arm’d with shields, rifing all at one motion, caft their darts with a more certain aim, as having greater liberty and furer footing. Thus the Scythian horfe being terrify’d and fore’d to give back, the Macedonians encouraging each other, leap’d out of their boats, and with great alacrity and fury bore down upon the enemy already in confufion. By this time Alexander’s horfe had form’d themfelves into troops, and broke in alfo upon the Barbarians difor- der’d ranks. While thefe things were doing, the reft of the Macedonian army, being cover’d by thofe that were engag’d, had time to prepare likewife for battle. The king tupply’d the weaknefs.of his body with the vigor of his mind; and although his voice was not yet ftrong enough to make his encouragement heard, (his wound not being quite heal’d) yet the whole army could fee how gallantly he fought. This made them all difcharge the general’s part, and animate each other with fo good an effe&t, that they fell furioufly on the cnemy, regardlefs of their own fafety. Whereupon the Scythians, no longer able to fuftain the arms, fhouts, and countenance of the Macedonian army, capp'd fpurs to their horfes and made the beft of their way. The king (notwithflanding his infirm body could not yet endure any great fatigue) purfu’d theenemy for the {pace of fourfcore furlongs; then finding himfelf faint, he order’d his men tocontinve their purfuit as long asthey had daylight; after which he repair’d to his cup, expetting the retarn of his troops. They had already pafs'd the bounds of Bacchus, in commemoration of whom there were 2 great many ftones uvocted at a dillance from each other, and feveral tall tees, whofe bodies were cover'd over withivy, But tie Macedonians rage carry’d them ftill farther, fo that they did not return to the camp ull midnight. Lacy RAL48 Quintus Curtius, B. VII, kill’d a great many, took feveral prifoners, and brought away eighteen hundred horfes, In this adi. on the Macedonians lott fixty troopers, and aloft one hundred foot, and had one thoufand wounded. This feafonable victory fettled the minds of the Afiatics (who were at this time wavering) for they look’d upon the Scythians to be invincible, and finding them defeated too, they concluded ‘* no nation was able to with- “ fland the Macedonian power.” The Sace hereupon fent ambaffadors to Alexander, to affure him, “ that their nation fubmitted to him.” They were mov’d to this, not only by the king’s bravery, but alfo by his clemency towards the S thians, to whom he fent back all their prifoners witii- «ut ranfom, that that herce nation might be fentible he did not fight with them out of hatred or anger, but for reputation and glory. Having therefore re. ceiv’d the Sacan’s ambafladors gracioufly, he gave them Exipinus for a companion home ; who being in the flower of his youth, was very much in Alexander's favour ; but altho’ he was as handfome in perfon as He- phesftion, yet he was far from having his agreeable wit. Then the king leaving the major part of the army under the command of Craterus, with orders to fe low him at cafy marches, went himfelf with the r to Maracanda, Spitamenes being inform'd of hin approach, had left that city and was fled to Bactrs Alexander therefore having travell'd a great deal of ground in four days, came ut Iaft to the place where Menedemus had Jolt the two thoufand foot, and three hundred horfe, whofe bones he order'd to be bury‘ with the afual rites of their country, Here Crater, who had been commanded to follow, join'd the king. ‘That therefere he might chaltife at once all thofe who had revolted from him, he divided his army into fe- veral bodies, and order’d them to burn the country, and kill all that were able to bear arms. CIAPB. VIL. Quintus Currius, 49 SRS IORI RY: IS Ge INS CHAP. X, HE Sogdian country is for the moft part a defart ; the wilds and waftes taking up almoit eight hundred furlongs in breadth. It is ofa val ex- tentin length, and is water’d by a river called by the inhabitants Polytimetus, which runs with a rapid feam. This river is confin’d within a narrow chan-~ nel, and is at laft receiv’d into a fubterranean cavity, The noife it makes, as it pafles under ground, isa fufficient indication of its hidden courfe ; yet the ter- ritory under which this confiderable river rans, fhews no fign of it from the leaft evaporation of water, thro’ any part of its paflage. Among the captive Sogdians, there were thirty of the chiefeft nobility of the country, whe were re- markable for their prodigious ftrength of body. ‘Unefe being brought before the king, and under- ftanding by the interpreter, that his majefly had ordered them to be executed, they began to fing and dance, and by other wanton motions of their body endeavoured to exprefs the chearfuloefs of their mind. Alexander being amazed at their unufual alacrity on fuch an occafion, commanded them to be brought back, and afk’d them “ the canfe of their excefiive “ joy, when they beheld death before their cyes.”” To which they anfwer’d; ‘ that if any other than “ himfelf had fentenced them to dic, they fhould “have been concern’d; but fince they were to be “ yeitor'd to their anceftors by fo great a king who “© had conquer’d all the world, they look'd upon “© their death to be fo honourable, as even to delerve Vou, I, c “ UeBO, Quintus Curtius, B. VII, “ the envy of all brave men, which made them fo “© tranfported when they underftood his r'eafure.” The king ther atked them, “ if they vould be “ his friends hereafter, if he fhould give them their “lives? They reply’d, that they had never been “© his enemies, but had only defended themfelves “© when they were attacked in a ‘hoftile manner by “him. And that if any body would make trial of “* them, by good offices, inftead of injaries, they * would willingly contend in the generous ftrife, and ufe their utmoft endeavours not to be over- “ come.” He afking them afterwards, ‘* What “© pledge they would give him for their fidelity :” They anfwered, “ Their lives, which they receiv’d “€ through his bounty, and which they would at all “© times be ready to reftore to him, whenever he re- *© guir'd them.’ Nor were they worfe than their words. For thofe of them, who were fent home, kept their country-people in due fubjeétion to Alex- ander ; and four of them being receiv’d into his body guards, were inferior to none of the Macedonians in their fincere affection to the king. Alexander having left Peucolaus among the Sogdians with a garrifon of three thoufand men, he march’d to Baétra, from awhence he commanded Beflus “ to be conducted to ‘© Ecbatana, there to fuffer death for murdering *© Darius.” About the fame time Ptolemy and Menidas brought him three thoufand foot, and one thoufand horfe, to Serve in the war as mercenaries. Alexander likewife came to him with the fame number of foot, and five hundred horfe, out of Lycia, he like number had followed Afclepiadorus from Syria, Antipater had alfo fent cight thoufand Greeks, amongft whom wer five hundred horfe. Being therefore reinfore’d by thefe recruits, he peocoeded 0 compofe the difturbances in the revolted provinces; “ecBVI. = Quinrvs Curtivs, “s provinces ; and having put to death the promoters, che came the fourth day to the river Oxus. This river, by reafon of the mud _ it carries along with its ftream, ts always muddy and unwholefome to drink. ‘The foldiers therefore fell to finking of wells, and notwithftanding they had dug a great way into the ground, could find no water. At laf there was a Spring found in the king’s tent, which becaufe it was difcover’d but late, they imagin’d it fprung up on the tadden, and the king himfelf was not againit its being ‘thought a prefent from heaven. Having afterwards pafs’d the rivers Ochus and Oxus, he came to a town call’d Marginia, near to which he made choice of places to build dix cities in. Trwo of them were to be towards the fouth, and four towards the eaft. They were to ftand at a moderate diftance from each other, that neither might have far - to feek for fuccour upon occafien. They were all ‘built upon pretty high eminences, and intended as ‘fo many curbs to the conqyer’d nations : but having now forgot their origin, they are fubject to thole whom they formerly commanded, FLEPESEEL SEES EPS SS SoSH EHH Eee CHAP. XL LL troubles were new quieted; there was only one rock, which Arimazes 2 Sogdian had pof- fefs'd himfelfof, with thirty thoufand men all arm'd, having provided ir with all manner of neveilaries for fo great a multitude for wwo years. The rock is thirty furlongs in height, and one hundred and fifty in circumference, being on all fides fleep and craggy, and is acceflible only by a very narrow path, In the midway to the top, it has a cave whofe entrance is Ca flrgiese Quintus Curtivs, B. VII. ‘Arait and dark, but by degrees grows wider ; and far- ther on, has large recefles. ‘This cave was full of fprings, whofe waters being united as they run down the rock, forma tiver. The king having confidered _ the difficulty of the enterprize, had refolv'd to leave at; but afterwards was ferzed with a violent defire to get the better even of nature. However, before he undertook the fiege thercof, he fent Cophas, Arta- ‘bazus’s fon, to endeavour to pertuade the Barbarians 4 to furvender the rock.” Bet Arimazcs conficing in the ttrength of the place, gave very haughty an- divers, and at laft afk’d, “ Whether Alexandcr could ‘ly 2”? Which being related to the king, fo inflam’d hisanger, that having call’d a council, he communi- «ated to it, ‘* how infolent the Barbarians were to “« them, becaufe they had no wings. Yet he did not “ doubi (he faid) but by the next night, to convince “€ them, that the Macedonians could upon occafion “© fly.” And therefore order’d them “ to bring him “© three hundred of the nimblcft and moft ative “*« young men they cach had in their refpetive troops, *© and duch as had been accuflom’d.at home to drive “«* fheep amongfl the rocks, and almoft impaflable <* waysin the mountains.” Accordingly they broaght Aim fuch as excell’d the reft both in agility and light. nofs of body, as well as in boldnels and courage. Whom the ing beholding, faid, “ It is with you, ** gencrous youths, who are of my own age, that I *© have taken towns which were before thought im- «© pregnable, and pafs'd over the tops of thofe hills “¢ which are continually cover’d with faow ; with «* you I enter'd the ftraits of Cilicia, and endur’d ¢ without wearinels the violent colds of India. I * have given you proof of myfelf, and have had it The rock you fee has but one way to it, fois guarded by the Parbarians, the ret of it eed hy than, 'Vhey heep no watch but “towardsB. VIL. Quintus Cur?rus, 52 « towards our camp. If you feek diligently, you “« will not fail of finding fome Way or other that will “ bring yoa to the top. There is nothing fo inac- “ ceffible by natere, but your bravery will make. “ fome fhift or other to get to it. It is by under- “ taking what others defpair'd of, that we have Afia: “ in our power; work therefore your way up to the: “ top of the hill, and when you have made yours “ felves maiters of it, hang out white flags for a fig- * nal to me; and I fhall then take care to advance “ towards the enemy, and by a powerful diverfion “ hinder their fulling upon you: The firft that gets’ “ up fhall have ten talents for his reward, the next’ «* fhall have one lefs, and fo downward in the fame “ proportion for ten, I am very certain, that it is. * not fo much my liberality, as the fatisiution to- “ pieafe me, that you will look at in this bold at- “tempt.” They heard the king’s fpeech with fo mych alacrity, that one would have thought they had already gain’d the top of the mountain ; and, being difmifs’d, they provided themfelves with wedges to fix in the clefts of the rock, and alfo with ftrong. ropes. ‘The king rid round the rock with them, and: order’d them to ict about their work at the fecond’ watch, beginning where the rock was moft prattica- ble, and wifh’d the gods to favour their undertaking : They having furnifh’d themfelves with provifions for two days, and arm'd only with their fwords and tpears, fet forwards without any great difficulty at firft; but when they came to the fteep part, fome laid hold of the broken crags to lift themfelves up ;. others made ufe of ropes with fliding knots, having fix'd their wedges in the clefts to fhift their footing.. Thus they fpent the whole day in fear and labour,, and having furmounted great difficulties, they found fill greater to overcome, and the rock feem'd to- grow in height. It was a difmal fpedacle to behold . C3 thofe54 Quixrus Currios, 3B, VEL thofe whove fonting fail’d them, tumbling headlong down the precipice, ard by their example fhewing ethers what they were to expect. Notwithftauding all thete ditiicultics, they made a fhift to get up to the top, being all very much fatigu’d with the continual i.tour ; fome were hurt and maim’d in their imbs, and were with the reft furpriz’d with the night and fleep, However, difperfing themfelves up and down, they laid their wearied boaies upon the rough craggy ftones, altogether unmindful cf the prefent danger, and flept till it was light. At laft they awak’d out of their profound fteep, and looking curioufly about to difcover where fo great a number of people could hide theinfelves, they perceiv’d fome fmoke beneath them, which ditcover’d their lurking-place. They therefore, according tw their orders, ereéted the fignal agreed upon, and found that of their whole number there were miffing thirty-two. The king being no lefs defirous to make himfelf matter of the place, than follicitous for thofe he had expos’d to manifeft dan- ger, food all day gazing at the top of the hill, and did not depart to take any refrefhment, till the darknefs of the night hindered all profpeét of the eyes, The next day early in the morning he firft per- ceiv'd the white fags, which were the fignal that his men had gain’d the top, However, he was uncer- tain whether his eyes did not deceive him, by reafon of the inconftancy of the light, which fome.imes ap- pe.red, and fometimes was hid ina cloud; but the cearer light put it heyond all doubt. He therefore eall'd for Cophas (whom he had fent before to the Barbarjans) and difpatch’d him to them again, to try _“ to bring them to a fafer refolution ;°” and if he found they perfifted in their obflinacy (relying on the flrength of the place) he commanded him, “ to * thew them his foldiers who had taken poffeffion of “ the top of the mountain.” Cophas being ads: . ted,B. VI. «Quintus Curtius. 38 ted, did all he could to perfuade Arimazes to fur- render the rock, affuring him, “ he would very “‘ much ingratiate himfelf with the king,” if he did not (by the fiege of a fingle rock) ftop him in the career of his nobler defigns. The Barbarian was now more infolent than before, “ and commanded “© Cophas to be gone.”?, Vhen Cophas taking Ari- mazes by the hand, defir'd him to go out of the cave wich him, which having obtain’d, he fhew’d him thofe. who were in poffeflion of the top of the rock ; and by way of ridicule told him, “ That Alexander's “ foldiers had wings.” At the fame time the trum- pets were founding in the Macedonian camp, and the oldiers fill’d the air with their fhouts and joyful ac- clamations. This (as it often appears in war, where trivial accidénts have many times great influence) made the Barbarians refolve to furrender ; for, being feiz'd-with fear, they could not make an cftimatc of the fmall number of thofe who were behind them, They therefore call’d back Cophas in all hafte, and fent along with him thirty of the moft confiderable amongft them, to deliver up the rock if they might retire with their lives; but the king was fo incens’d at Arimazes his haughty anfwers, that notwithftand- ing he very much dreaded left the Barbarians, difeo- vering the {mall number of thofe above, fhould caft them headlong down the precipice, and fo fruftrate his attempts ; yet confiding at the fame time in his for-- tune, he deny’d them any manner of conditions. Here- uper Arimazes (being more afraid than hurt) defcend- ed into the camp with his relations, and the chiefeit men of the nation; all whom Alexander caus’d “ to be whipp’d firft, and then crucify'd at “ the foat of the * rock.” The reft of the multitude were given to the inhabitants of the new towns, as alfo what money was found amongft them ; and Artabazus was appointed governor of the rock, and the adjacent country round it. C4 QUINTUSQUINTUS CURTIUS, debbie d dhe beh hdehh eee BO O K VII, Sa hh SR sea ear aab th afoot CHAP IL Levander having made himfelf matter of the rock with greater fame than real glory, A. obferving his cnemies were difpers’d here sh and there, divided his army into three bo- dics; Hephaftion had the command of the one, Coenus of the other, and lie himfelf led the third. Elowever, his enemies were not all of the fame mind, for fume were fibda’d by force of arms, though the greacr number fubmitted without rifquing an en- gagement: To thele he therefore “ diftributed the “ towns and lands of thofe who perfifted obftinately * in their rebellion 5 but the banifh’d Badtrians, with cight hundred Maffagetan horfc, plunder'd the neighbouring villages, and Attinus (who was gover. nor of that province) march’d out with three hundred Lorfe, to fupprefs thefe diforders, not dreaming in the leaft of the mifchief that was prepar’d for him ;, for the enemy had plac’d a body of foldicrs in the woods that are contiguous to the plains, Ieaving fome few only to drive before them flocks of fheep, that theB, VII. = Quintus Curtivs. 57 the defire of the booty might entice him into the ambufcade they had laid for him ; accordingly Atti- nas no fooner difcovered the fame, but he made all the hafte he could to fecure his prey, without obferv- ing the leaft order; fo that he was no fooner pafs’d thro’ the wood, than they who lay in ambufcade fell upon him at unawares, and kill’d him and all his men. This difafter quickly came to Craterus’s cars, who immediately repair’d thither with all his horfe, but the Maffagete were already fled; however, he flew a thoufand of the Dah, by whofe defeat the rebellion was quell'd throughout all the country.” Alexander likewife having again fubdu’d the Sog- dians, return’d to Maracanda. Here Berdes (whom he had fent to the Scythians who inhabit the country near the Bofphorus) came to him with the ambafla- dors of that nation, Phrataphernes alfo (who had the government of the Chorafinians, who border’d on the Maffagetze and the Daha) fet meffengers to ac- quaint him, he fubmitted himfelf to his royal will and pleafure. The Scythians defir’d, “* That he: “ would marry the daughter of their king, but if he “ did not approve of the alliance, at leaft that he “ would permit the Macedonian nobility to inter- “ marry with the moft confiderable perfons of their “nation; they affur’d him alfo, that their king © wo sd come in perfon and pay him.a vifit.” Aiexander receiv’d both thefe embaffies very gra- cioully, and remain'd encamp’d in the fame place,’ ull hé was join’d by Hepheflion and Artabazus, after: which he march’d into the country call’d Bavaria. The chiefett marks of the barbarous opulency of this nation confit in having large herds of wild beats, flat up in great forelts and woods, well fup- pled with perennial fprings, which render them very: - delightful. 'Dhefe forefts are inclos’d with walls, ard have towers alfo for the reception of the hunter: 3- C5 ame58 Quintus Curtivs, B. VIIL among the reft of thefe immur’d woods, there was one which had not been hunted in for. the fpace of four ages, which Alexander enter’d with his whole army,. giving orders “ to hunt. and deftroy all the “« game they could.”? Among the reft there was a lion of an unufual fize, which made towards the king; and Lyfimachus (who reigned afterwards) being next to Alexander, and obferving the danger he was in, began to put himfelf into a pofture to re- ceive the beaft with his hunting pear; but Alexan~ der refus’d his affitlance,, and commanded. him to be gone, adding, “ That he was as able to kill a lion ** fingle as Lyfimachus.”” We mutt here take notice, that Lyfimachus had formerly (as he was hunting in Syria) kill'd a very large lion fingle, but endanger’d his life in the action, it having torn his left fhoulder to the bone: ‘This made the king upbraid him as he did, and at the fame time behave himfelf with more hyavery than he had fpoke ; for he not only receiv’d the beaft with an undaunted courage, but alfo killd it with one ftroke, Iam apt to believe “ the fabu- *¢ lous account of Lyfimachus being expos’d to a. ** lion by Alexander’s command,”” had its rife from this accident which we have mentioned. However, notwithftanding the king fucceeded fo well in-this bold attempt, yet the Macedonians, ac vording to the cuflom of their country, made an or- dinance,. “ That for the future the king fhould not “* hunt any more on foot, nor without being attended *« by the chicfett of his nobility and friends,” Alex- ander having killd four thoufand wild beafts in this wood, {cafted his whole army there ; after which he return’ to Maracanda, where, upon Artabazus his excufing himfelf on the account of his old age, he beftow'd his government on Clitus, ‘This was he who at the river Granicus, when Alexander was Sighting bare-headed, covered him with, his Buckler, . , an .B.VILE Quintus Curtivs; 59 and cut of Rhofaces’s hand, as he was ready to dif- charge a great blow on the king’s head. He had ferv’d a long time under Philip, and was remarkable for a great many noble exploits during the war. His fitter Hclianice had nurs’d Alexander, and was no lefs belov’d by him on that {core than his own mo- ther; this made him commit to his care and truft, the braveit and moft warlike province of his empire. He therefore order’d him ** to be ready: to fet out “ the day following to take upon him his new com- “ miffion,’’ and invited him to affift at the folema feaft he gave his friends that night. During the en- tertainment the king being heated with wine, and an immoderate extoller of his own performances, began to enlarge upon the great things he had done, to fuch a degree as to be troublefome to the ears even of them who were fenfible of the truth of what he faid. The eldeft amongft them neverthelefs heard him with an attentive filence, till “ he began to difparage “ Philip’s atchievements, and hoaft that the cele- “ brated victory near Cheronea, was owing'to him- “fel; and that he was depriv’d of the elory of it’ ** thro’ his father’s malice and envy, whom (in the fedition that arofe between the Macedonians and “ the mercenary Greeks, when he counterfeited be- “ing dead of the wound he receiv’d therein) he “* protected with his buckler, killing with his own “© hand thofe who were rwhing in upon him: yer his father was never willing to acknowledge this “* piece of fervice, as being loth to confefs he ow'd “ his life to his fon, 'I'hat therefore after his expe- “« dition agaiinft- the Mlyrians, he writ to his father “‘ that the enemy: was vanquih’d without Philip's “ affiltance. ‘Thote, he faid, deferv’d commendation “who did not flop at the borders -of Samothracia, when Afia ought to be burnt and laid wafte, but ““ who by their great actions furpals'd all belief.’ C6 . Thele «60. Quintus Currivs, B, VITf, Thefeand the like fayings were grateful enough to the young men, but the feniors did not at all like them, efpecially on Philip’s account, under whom. they had ferv’d.a longer time than under him, Here~ upon Clitus, who was not very fcber himfelf, turning to thofe who fate helow him, recited fome verfes our of Euripides, yet after fuch a manner that the found was rather heard than the words diftinguifh’d by the king. ‘They were to this effeét, “ that it was an ili * cufium among the Greeks to infcribe only the “sames of their kings on the trophies ; by which “ means they run away with the glory that was ac- “ quir’d by other people’s blood.” The king there- fore fuffecling what he faid had fomething malicious init, afk’d thofe who were next him, what Clitus had faid? but as they remain’d filent, Clitus began to. fpeak in a louder tone “ of Philip's actions, and con- * cerning the wars in Greece, preferring them to what *¢ was now done.” This caus’d a difpete between the young men and the veterans, yet the king feem’d patiently to hear Clitus’s allegations (whereby he en- deavour’d to Ieflen his praife) tho’ at the fame time he was inwardly inrag’d ; notwithflanding which he appear’d inclin’d to bridle his pafion, if Clitus would have let drop his indifereet difeourfe ; but finding he Ailran on, after the fame mauner, it exafperated him very much, Clitus at lait procceded to that degree of infolence as to dare to defend Parmenio, and prefers’d Philip's victory over the Athenians, to the deflru€ion of Thebes, and fecm’d to be now prompted by a fpiteful difpofition of mind to contention, as well as by the wire : fo that he did not fereple to fay, ¢ If «St be requifite to die for you, Clitus is ever the «frit; bat thofe fhall reap the greateft rewards of * your vidlorics, who after the moft fhameful manner: infult your father’s memory, You have beflow'd on me the country of Sogdiana, which has fo often x S resBVH. Quinrus Curtius, GE e rebell’d, and is fill not only unfubdu’d, but im- * poffible to be brought under fubje€tion ; that is to: * fay, Tam fent amongft wild beafts, headftrong and. “ yath by nature. However, I thall wave what re- * lates to myfelf, and take notice of your contempt “ for Philip’s foldiers, while you forget, that if it: “ had not been for old Atharias here prefent (who * yallied the young men, and brought them back to “ the fight they had declin'’d) we might have been “ Rill before Halicarnaffus. How then can you be * faid to have conquer’d Afia with thefe young men? * As for my part, I believe what your uncle faid in “ Ttaly to be true, that he had met with men, and “ you with women.” Of all the rath and indifcreet things utter’d by Clitus, nothing mere provok'd the king than the honourable mention he made of Par- menio ; yet for all that he fupprefs'd his refentment, and_was contented ‘ to bid him be gone from the “ feaft,” without adding any thing more than that © if he had continu’d to taik on, he fxppos’d he ** would have upbraided him with the having fav’d “ his life, a think that he often beage’d of sith too * much vanity.” But as Clitus sade hate to obey the king’s orders, they who were next to him laid hold of him, and endcavoar'd to carry him off, blaming him, and at the fame time remind- ing him of his duty. When Clitus found they were taking him away by force, anger ging it. felf with his excefs of wine, he cry’d out, “ ‘What “it was his breaft that had defended the king's “back, but the time of fo figual a fervice being “ clape'd, the memory of it was heco: i He alfo reproach’d him with the death of Attalus, and at faft ridiculing the orack of Juyiter, whom Alexander claim’d as his fathe:, Mil he told “him greater traths than his fher.”” Uy this time the King’s. anger. yas {9-dnereas’d, this bed he been . porfed Ty62 Quintus Currtius. 8B. VIII. perfectly fober he could hardly have govern’d it ; no wonder then that his fenfes being overcome with ftron; wine, he leap’d on the fudden from the table, to the great amazement of his friends, who thereupon did not take time to fet down their cups, but caft them away, expecting what would be the iffue of fo fa- rious a tranfport : and Alexander {natching away the fpcar of one of the guards, was for killing Clites (who fill continu’d talking with the fame intempe- yance of tongue as before) had he not been held by Ptolemy and Perdiccas, and as he perfifed to frugele with them, Lyfimachus and Leonatus took the launce fromhim This made Alexander implore the afhitance of his foldiers, and cry out, “ That he was fei2'd “ las Darius had been) by his moft intimate friends." and commanded ‘* the fignal to be given with the “ trumpet for them to repair to his palace with their “arms.” At thefe words Ptolemy and Perdiccas caft themfelves at his feet, and begg’d ‘* he would “* moderate his precipitate anger, and give himfelf “ time to reflect,” fince he might the next day exc- cute with a greater regard to juftice, what the na- ture of the thing would require; but his anger hed fhut his ears to all counfel, fo that in his rage he ran to the porch of the palace, and taking a {pear from the centinel that was there upon duty, he plac’d him- felf in the entry through which thofe who had fupp’¢ with him were obliged to pafs. Now all the sit being gone, Clitus came lait of all without any Jight, and the king afk’d, who he was? but after facha manner as fufficiently declar’d the cruclty of his in- tention. Clitus, who was no longer mindful of his own pagion, but only of the king's, made antwer, “That it was Clitus, and ‘that he was retiring from * the banquet ;” as he {poke thefe words Alexander tun him through, and all befinear’d with his blood faid to him, “ Now get thee gone to Philp, Par- %* menio and Attalus.”” CHAP,B. VUE Quintus Curtivs. 63 SEPLEEE SEES EE hh Lees bh epee ee CHAP. I. HE mind of man is in this but indifferently provided for by nature, that he for the moft part does not fo much as refle&t on the confequences of things till they are tranfacted. Thus the king, when his anger was abated, and the heat of his wine was over, too late perceiv'd the enormity of his crime. Then he faw he had kill’d a man who indeed had taken too great a liberty with his tongue, but at the fame time was very deferving on the account of his bravery, and who if he was not afham’d to own the truth, had fav’d his life; he now reflected how anworthily he had fully’d the f{plendor of the royal dignity, by difcharging in perfon the odious office of an executioner, and that he had by an abominable murther cruelly punifh’d the liberty of a few licen- tious words, which might reafonably have been im- puted to the wine. He with horror beheld the entry of his palace ftain’d with the blood of a perfon, wha but a little before had been thought worthy to fop with him, The guards in the fright they were in ftood like men ftupify’d at a diflance, fo that his fo- Hitude afforded him a greater freedom to repent of what he had done. He therefore drew the fpear out of the dead body that lay extended on the floor, and would have plung’d it into his own, had: not the guards flown in to his afliflance, and wrefted it out of his bands, and carry’d him into his tent; here he Aung himfelf on the ground, and fill’d the place with lamentations and cries, Then finding he could.do nothing elfe, he tore Nis face with his nails, and intreated the- andes: 4 Y>64 Quintus Curtius. B, VIII. by, “ not to let him furvive fo fhameful an action.’ After this manner he fpent the whole night, and as he was examining himfelf, “ Whether he had done any “ thing to deferve the deity’s anger to that degree as “ to be abandon’d to the commiffion of fo foul a “ crime?” He recollected, ‘* That the anniverfary “© facrifice to Bacchus had not been perform’d at the © time appointed for that purpofe:” He therefore concluded, ‘‘ That the murder he had committed in “his wine and good cheer, was a manifelt difcovery “ of the anger of that god.” But what moft griev'd. him was to {ee all his friends fland like men ftupify’d, and that none of them would for the future dare to converfe with him ; fo that he muft be forced to live like the wild beafis, which are fometimes a terror to others, and fometimes afraid themfelves. As foon as it was day he order’d the corps, all bloody as it was, to be brought into his tent, and when it was plac’d before him, he with tears in his eyes faid, “‘ Is this the grateful return I make my ““nurfe, whofe two fons loft their lives for my ‘* glory at Miletus? this brother was the only com- ** fort to the bereaved mother, and I have barba- “ youfly murther’d him at my own table: what will “ this unfortunate woman do? of all that belong’d to her, I am the only Icft, whom alone the for the future will never be able to fee without horror. « How wretched is my fate, that I muft thus fhew “© myfelf the butcher of thofe who have preferv’d “ my life! how can I think of returning to my own country, where I fhall not be able to hold out my right hand to my nurfe, without refrefhing her “memory with the caufe of her calamity?” His friends finding there was no end of his tears and complaints, order’d the body to be taken away 5 not- withftanding which he remain’d three days fhut up,. bewailing himfelf after this manner, till at lalt the guards « « « «B. VII. Quintus Curtivs. 65 guards of his perfon (perceiving he was determin’d to die) broke into his chamber all together, and with much ado prevail’d with him to eat; and that the king might have the lefs confufion for what he had done, the Macedonians voted and decreed, “ That * Clitus was juftly killed,” and were for depriving him of the honour of fepulture, had not the king order'd him to be bury’d, Having therefore ftaid ten days at Maracanda, chiefly to recover his countenance, he fent He- phaftion with part of the army into the Baétrian country, to lay up provifions for the winter, and gave to Amyntas that province which he had before defigned for Clitus ; after which he came to Xenippa, which is a country bordering on Scythia, and is full of towns and villages, the foil thereof being fo. fruitful, that it not only detains thofe who are born there, but alfo invites ftrangers to come and fettle there. The banifh’d Baétrians, who had revolted from Alexander, were retir’d hither, but upom certain advice of the king’s coming, they were expelled by the inhabitants, fo that about two thoufand two hundred of them were got together in a body: they were all horfe, and accuftom’d, even in time of peace, to live by rapine and theft ; but their fierce natures were by the war, and defpair of being forgiven, ‘render’d fill more brutifh. They therefore unexpectedly attack’d Amyntas, Alexander's praetor, and the victory was doubtful for a confiderable time, till at laf having loft feven hundred of their men, (oF which three hundred were taken prifoners by the enemy) they fled ; they were not altogether unreveng’d, for they kill’d fourfcore of the Macedonians, and wounded about three hundred and fifty. However, tho’ this was the fecond time they had rebell’d, they obtain’ their pardon, The66 Quintus Curtivs, B, VII. The king having taken them into his protection, came with his whole army into a country call’d Naura ; Syfimithres, who was governor thereof, had two fons by his own mother (for amongft them it is lawful for parents to have carnal knowledge of their children) he had with two thoufand of the militia, built a {trong wall at the narrow entrance into the country, before which there run a rapid river ; the back part was fecur’d by a rock through which the inhabitants had made a way by dint of labour. The entry into this hollow way is lightfome, but farther on it is dark, unlefs fome artificial light be made ufe of ; this hidden paflage runs quite thro the rock into the plains, and is only known to the inhabitants. But Alexander (noiwithftanding the Barbarians guarded the place, which was fo {trong both by its natural fituation and art) with his battering rams, quickly beat down thefe manual fortifications, and with flings and arrows drove away thofe that defended them ; then paffing over the ruin’d works, he brought his army to the rock, which was ftrengthen’d by a ri- ver that run before it, and was form’d by the united ftreams that fell from the top of it into the valley. It feem’d to be a vaft undertaking to fill up fo deep and large an aby{s. However, he order’d trees to be cut down, and great heaps of {tones to be brought thither. The Barbarians, who were altogether unacquainted with fuch fort of works, were feiz’d with the urmot horror, when they faw fo vaft a pile erefted in fo little time. Hereupon the king imagining they might be brought to a farrender thro’ fear, fent Oxartes (who was of the fame nation, but in his interefl) to them, to perfuade the governor to deliver up the rock. Inthe meantime, to augment their terror, he order'd the towers to be advanc’d, and caus'd feve- ral engines to play upon them at that diftance ; which had fo good an cffed, that the Barbarians not thinkingB. VIII. Quintus Curttus, 67 thinking themfelves fecure any other way, betook themfelves to the top of the rock. Oxartes therefore prefs’d Syfimithres (who now began to diltruft his affairs) “* to fling himfelf on the honour of the Mace- «« donians, rather than withftand their power; ad- “ vifing him not to ftop the carreer of a vittorious “ army that was marching into India; and which, “ whoever fhould dare to oppofe, would only bring “ ethers calamities on their own heads.” As for Syfimithres, he was not againft furren aing 5 but his mother (who was alio his wife) declar’d fhe would fuffer death, rather than fubmit to the power of any enemy ; and fo put the Barbarian upon more honour- able than fafe meafures, he being afham’d that women fhould fet a greater value upon liberty than men. He therefore difmifs'd the meffenger of peace, and re- folv’d to undergo the fiege. But then upon due weighing of his own and the enemy’s ftrength, he be- gan to repent again, for having hearken’d to a wo- man’s counfel, which was rather rafh than fuitable to the prefent juncture of affairs. Wherefore he imme- diately call’d back Oxartes, and told him, “ he “ would lay him(elf at the king’s mercy, and begg’d “ of him, not to fay any thing of his mother’s obiti- “ nacy, that her pardon might alfo be more eafily “ obtain’d.” As foon as he had difpatch’d Oxartes with this his refolution, he follow’d himfelf, with his mother and children, and a great crowd of his relati- ons, without fo much as waiting for any farther fecu- rity from the king, though Oxartes had alfo promis’d him that. Alexander being infor’d of this, fent a trooper to order them to go back and expect his com~- ing; where he no fooner arriv’d, than he offer’d fa- crifice to Minerva and Vigtory, and then confirny’d Syfimithres in his authority, promifing to enlarge his Province, if he vemain'd faithfyl to him, He had two68 Quintus Curtivs. B. VII. two fons which he deliver’d up to the king, who or- der’d them to follow him in his wars. Alexander leaving here his phalanx, advanc’d with his cavalry to fubdue the rebels, The way was rough and craggy ; however, they endur’d it pretty well at firft ; but after fome time, the horfes hoofs were not only worn away, but their bodies alfo tir’d; befides which, the riders themfelves were fo harafs’d with the immoderate labour, that a great many were not able to keep up with him, fo that the troops began to grow thin, the extraordinary fatigue overcoming the fhame they had to be left behind. Nevertheleis, as the king chang’d horfes frequently, he continu’d pur- fuing the flying enemy ; but the young noblemen who us’d to accompany him, were all forc'd to give out, except Philip, who was Lyfimachus’s brother, and was then in the flower of his age, and as it plain- ly appear’d, a perfon of a genius capable of the great- eft things. This youth (which will hardly be behiey’d? tho’ on foot, Kept up with the king (who was on horfeback) for the fpace of five hundred furlongs. Lyfimachus offer’d him his horfe feveral times, but nothing could prevail with him to leave the king ; tho’ at the fame time he was loaded with his breait- plate, and his other arms. He afterwards behav'd ‘himfelf glorioufly in a wood where the enemy had hid themfelves, and prote&ted the king’s perfon, who was clofely engag’d. But after the Barbarians were ut to flight, that great foul which had fo bravely iupported his body during the heat of the engagement, at laft flage’d, anda cold fiveat iffuing out of all the parts of Fis body, he was fore’d to plant himfelf againft a wee; but that proving too weak a relief, in his prefent circumitances, the king took him up, and he expir'd in his arms. ‘This misfortune was fuc- ceeded by another, which alfo did not a little affli& Ale- xapder j for as he was returning to his camp, he was . inform’dB, VILE. = Quintus Curtivs. 69 ' tnform’d of the death of Erigyius, one of the braveft of his captains. The king order’d both their funerals to be perform’d with all the pomp and magnificence imaginable. : SEES EMISRTER SE BS CHAP. Il. HE Dahze were the next he intended to march againft, for he underfood Spitamenes was a- mongit them. But fortune, who never tir’d in heaping her favours on him, affifted him here, as fhe had done on many other occafions, and fav’d him the trouble of this expedition. Spitamenes had a wife on whom he doated, and as the fatigues and dangers the was: expos’d to in accompanying him where-ever his mis- fortunes drove him, were become troublefome to her, fhe employ’d all her charms to prevail with Lim to deft from flying any farther ; and as ke had already experienc'd Alexander's clemency, to try to appeale the anger of an enemy, he could no otherwife hope to efcape. She had three fons by him, which were pret- ty well grown up; thefe fhe brought to his embraces, and begg’d he would at leafl take pity of them ; and to enforce her prayers, fhe told him, Alexander was not far off. But he shinking he was betray’d, and not advis'd, and that it was the confidence fhe had in her beauty, which made her not care how foon fhe came in Alexander's power, drew his fivord, and would have killd ler, of her brothers had not happily inter- pov'd. Efowever, he commanded her to be gone out of his fight, threatning her with death, if the offer’d ty come into his prefence ; and that he might not be _fenfible of her ablence, he pafs'd the nights with his concubines. Yet as his pellion for her was great, it70 Quintus Curtius, B. VIII it was the more inflam’d by the diftafte he took to their company. He therefore gave himfelf intirely again to her, conjuring her “ never to fpeak to him “ more on that account, but willingly undergo with “© him whatever fortune did alot them ; fince for his “ own part, he had rather die than furrender him- “ felf.” Hereupon fhe excus’d her felf, telling him, “© that fhe had advis’d him only to what fhe thought “ was moit for his intereft, and admitting the had “© talk’d like a woman, yet it was with a faithful in- tention; however, for the future the would con- ** form to his pleafure.” Spitamenes won by this counterfeit complaifance, gave a great entertainment on the account of their re- conciliation, where having loaded himfelf with wine and good chear, he was brought half afleep into this apartment. As foon as his wife perceiv’d he was in a found fleep, fhe drew a fword fhe had under her garment for that purpofe, cut off his head, and all befmear'd with the blood, gave it to a fervant who was privy to her crime, and being attended by him, came in this bloody condition to the Macedonian camp, where fhe fent word to Alexander, ‘“ fhe had ** fomething of importance to communicate to him, ** and which he mutt hear from her own mouth.” The king immediately order’d her to be introduc’d, and obferving her to be ftain’d with blood, imagin'd fhe came to complain of fome affront offer'd her; he therefore afk’d hér what fhe had to fay ? Hereupon the call’d for the fervant that waited in the entry, who having Spitamenes’s head under his garment, gave the guards a fulpicion, and upon their icarching him, he pull’d ont the head and fhew'd it. But the blood- lefs palenefs had fo disfigur’d its features, that it was a hard matter to diftinguith whofe it was. Alex- ander being inform’d it was a man’s head that the tlave had brought, went out of his tent, and an quisB. VII. Quintus Currius. 9X quir’d into the matter, which he accordingly told him. The king’s mind was now perplex'd with variety of thoughts ; for on the one hand, he look’d upon it as a confiderable piece of fervice, that he was kill’d, who was firft a refugee, and afterwards had prov’da traitor, and had he liv’d would have retarded the execution of his great defigns. But then again he: detefted the barbarous action, of her having thus treacheroufly murther’d her husband, who had de- ferv'd well of her, and by whom fhe had had feveral children. At laft the foulnefs of the fact got the bet- ter of the fervice it did him, fo that “ he fent her “ Word to be gone from the camp, leaft the more hu- *© man minds, and gentler manners of the Greeks « fhould -be corrupted by the example of fo barba- “yous a licenfe.”” The Daha underftanding Spi- tamenes was flain, feiz'd Dataphernes (who had been his partner in the revolt) and brought him bound to Alexander, and at the fame time yielded themfelves to him. Being now deliver’d from the chief part of his prefent cares, he turn’d his mind to the re- venging fuch as had by his Prators been opprefs’d and ill-us’d. He therefore conferr’d the government of Hyrcania, the Mardi and T’apurians, to Phrata- phernes, with orders to fecure Phradates, who he duccceded, and fend him to him under a fufficient guard, Stafanor was fubftituted in the place of Ar- fanes, governor of the Dranca.

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