School Refusal Guide Parent Plan Highlight parent-child interaction patterns that maintain refusal. Reinforce Good Parenting Skills: * Active reinforcement of positive behaviors (attendance/ approach behavior) * Active ignoring of unwanted behavior (complaining, reassurance-seeking, crying, whining, physical complaints Develop reward chart and assign rewards Planning gradual hierarchies together + Hierarchy list of graded challenges ranked from easier to harder challenges Goals: Reduce child dependence of adults Increase child confidence Typical CBT Modules for Anxiety Emotions education Relaxation Problem-solving Thought monitoring and cognitive restructuring Imaginal or in vivo exposure tasks ~active, real life practice! Rewarding approach behaviors Homework to generalize lessons NowSune Primary Control Strategi When I start to feel bad, | can do 2 kinds of things to feel better: ACT... A Activities. Do activities that solve problems, activities | enjoy, activities with someone | Like, activities to stay busy, and activities to help others C Calm and Confident. Stay calm -make myself relax. Stay confident- show a positive self T Talents, Develop a special talent or skill. Set a goal, plan steps to reach the goal, the practice, practice! ANd. THINK (OVER)Think Positive, No negative thinking allowed. Change my 8-L-U-E negative, unrealistic thoughts into positive, realistic thoughts Help from a Friend. Think things over with someone | trust Identify the “Silver Lining.” Figure out what's good about my situation No Replaying Bad Thoughts. Stop thinking about things that make me feel bad. Get my mind on something else. Keep Thinking ~Don’t Give Up. Keep trying ideas from my ACT & THINK chart until | feel better.Scoring Sheet Kearney Assessment Schoo] Refusal Assessment Scales for Students & Parents Directions: Place rating for each question next to the corresponding number below. Add each column to obtain individual totals for each column. Determine the mean score for each column. Rank the mean scores from 1 to 4 to determine the primary function(s) of the avoidance behavior. 1 Sees Sees 7 ee 9. pe aeveose eat 3 > sees 16 17. 18 19, 20, ee erences Total Score = ee a Mean Score = ae eats eee Relative Ranking ive Functions of Avoidance Bi Column One Avoiding General School-Related Stress Column Two. Escape from Aversive Social and/or Evaluative Situations Column Three Pursuit of Attention from Significant Others Column Four Pursuit of Tangible Rewards Outside of School itervention Rs ce The assessment scale and intervention strategies for each type of school avoidance behavior identified above can be found in the following bool ielping Sc} efusit ildren & Their Professionals by Christopher A. Kearney Publisher: Oxford University Press, 2008.Kearney Assessment Scale for Students Name: __ Moa Children sometimes have different reasons for not going to school Some children feel bad at school, some have trouble with other peo- i family, and others lilce to do tl ple, some just want to be with ‘outside of school that are more fun. ‘This form asks questions about why you don't want to go to school, For each question, pick one number that describes you best for the last few days. After you answer one question, go on to the next. Dont skip any questions. ‘There are no right or wrong answers. Just pick the number that bese fits the way you feel about going to school. Circle the number. Here is an example of how it works. Try it. Circle the number that describes you best Example: How often do you like to go shopping? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 a 3 4 5 6 Now go to the next page and begin to answer the questions. Please circle the answer that best fits the followin, How often do you have bad feelings about going to school because you are afraid of something related to school (for example, tests, school bus, teacher, fire alarm)? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 3 6 How often do you stay away from school because i is hard to speal with the other kids at school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 L 2 a 4 5 6 How often do you feel you would rather be with your parents than 0 to school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 Cae 5 6 When you ate not in school during the week (Monday to Friday), how often do you leave the house and do something fun? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (OVER)15, How much would you rather be taught by your parents at home than by your teacher at school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 16, How often do you refuse to go ta school because you want to have fun outside of school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 17. IF you had fewer bad feelings (for example, scared, nervous, sad) about school, would it be easier for you to go to school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 18, IF it were easier for you to make new friends, would it be easier for you to go to school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes ‘Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 Sia 5 6 19, Would it be easier for you to go co school if your patents went you? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 20. Would ic be easier for you to go to school if you could do more things you like to do after school hours (for example, being with friends)? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 3 6 How much more do you have bad feelings about schoo! (for example, scared, nervous, or sad) compared to other kids your age? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3° 4 5 6 22. How often do you stay away from people at schoo! compared to other kids your age? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 23. Would you like to be home with your parents more than other kids your age would? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 24, Would you rather be doing fun things outside of school more than most kids your age? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6Kearney Assessment Scale for Parents Name: Date: _ Please circle the answer that best fits the following L. How often does your child have bad feelings about going to school because he/she is afraid of something related to school (For exam- ple, tests, school bus, teacher, fire alarm)? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Usually Always Always 0 1 2 4 5 6 stay away from school because itis hard ith the other kids at school? for him/her to speak Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 feel he would rather be with you or 3. How often does your ch ‘your spouse than go to school Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3. 4 5 6 your child is not in school during the week (Monday to Friday), how often does he/she leave the house and do some- 4 Half che Almost Never Seldom Sometimes ‘Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8. When your chi 9. How often does your child feel worse at school (for examp! 5. How often does your child stay away from school because he/she will feel sad or depressed if he/she goes? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Alsvays Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6. How often does your child stay away from school because he/she feels embarrassed in front of other people at school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 - 6 7. Hlow often does your child think about you or your spouse or famn- ily when in school? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 a 5 6 in school during the weele (Monday to Fri- alk co or see other people (other than day), how often does his/her family)? Half the Almost ” Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 I z e 4 3 6 scared, nervous, or sad) compared to how he/she feels at home friends? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 (OVER)20. Would it be easier for your child to go to school if he/she could do more things he/she likes to do after school hours (for example, being with friends)? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 a a 5 6 21. How much more does your child have bad feelings about school (for example, scared, nervous, or sad) compared to other kids his/ her age? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes ‘Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 22. How often does your child stay away from people at school com- pared to other kids his/her age? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes ‘Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 23. Would your child like to be home with you or your spouse more than other kids his/her age would? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes ‘Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 24, Would your child rather be doing fun things outside of school more than most kids his/her age? Half the Almost Never Seldom Sometimes Time Usually Always Always 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 eee