03-04-trans - normal - Αντιγραφή PDF

d(k, , )
N
=
d
N0
2 2
u(r) + V (r)u(r) = Eu(r)
2

2V (r)
2E
2 + k 2 u(r) =
u(r) , k 2 = 2
2
1
u(r) = eikz + f (k, , ) eikr ,
r
d(k, , )
N
= |f (k, , )|2
=
d
N0
V (r) = V (r )
uklm (r) = Rkl (r )Ylm (, )

l(l + 1)
d2 Rkl
2 dRkl
2
2
+
V
(r
)
+
k
Rkl = 0
dr 2
r dr
2
r2
uk (r , ) =

l=0

Cl Rkl (r )Pl (cos )

Rkl (r )

V (r )

r0 V (r ) 0 r r0
r r0

l(l + 1)
d2 Rkl
2 dRkl
2
+
+
k
Rkl = 0 ,
dr 2
r dr
r2

!"! :
Rkl (r ) = Al jl (kr ) + Bl nl (kr ) ,

sin(kr 12 l)
"# r $: jl (kr ) =
,
kr
Rkl (r )
Rkl (r ) =
Al 1
sin(kr
cos l kr

1
2
l + l ) = Cl
r r0
nl (kr ) =
1
sin(kr
kr
1
2

r r0
cos(kr 12 l)
kr
l + l ) ,
%
Cl
Rkl (r ) =
&
&
& V (r )

r !
'

#
&
uk (r , ) =
l=0
Cl
1
sin(kr
kr
) # & l = l (k)

1
2
l + l )Pl (cos ) ,
(
& l *

&
&!

)
#
& & Schrodinger #
# & &
&

uk (r , ) =
Cl
l=0
1
sin(kr
kr
1
2
l + l )Pl (cos ) ,
1
uk (r) = eikz + f (k, ) eikr ,
r
+
,
) &
#
& -&
& $

& &
r ! "#&

l=0
Cl
1
sin(kr
kr
1
2
1
l + l )Pl (cos ) = eikz + f (k, ) eikr
r
.
"# / & ##&

& #&
Legendre
eikz = eikr cos =
l=0
i l (2l + 1)
1
sin(kr
kr
1
2
l)Pl (cos ) ,
0
sin t = 2i1 (eit eit ) $ .

& & #&

!

f (k, ) =
(2l + 1)(ei2l 1)Pl (cos )

2ik
1
(2l + 1) eil sin l Pl (cos )

k

l=0

f (k, ) =
l=0
& &

& &

2

d
1

2
il
= |f (k, )| = 2 (2l + 1) e sin l Pl (cos )

d
k

l=0
(k) =
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k2

l=0
) $ & & & &

#

2

&# 2 #&&-

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'
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&

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&

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b < r0
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#& p &
&
& b # *
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l(l + 1) = kb

b=
l(l + 1)
k

:
2 &
&#
b > r0 !
$ &
&#
b r0 !
5 $ &
&
&

l lmax

lmax (lmax + 1) kr0
%
6) r0 #&
k

#& &
&

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& & #

&

!
5 #& $

& & & l = 0 2 4
& !
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2
f (k, )
1 i0 (k)
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e
k
d
1
2 sin2 0 (k)
d
k
(
#& $
& &

# &
& &# !

!

V (r ) < 0 &
&# 2! #

V (r ) > 0 &
&# ! 7 #
&
&

&# 2!
/k
(a)
/k
(b)
V=0
V=0

(r ) = rR(r ) a

V = 0
b
V = 0

"

&
&

&

&

Rkl (r ) =
(i)
Rkl (r )
(o)
Rkl (r )
r < r0
r > r0
+
(i)
Rkl =
& & &
&!
(o)
Rkl =
& # &$ #& &

&!
' Rkl(o)
&

Bl
(o)
Rkl (r ) = Al jl (kr ) + Bl nl (kr ) = Al jl (kr ) + nl (kr )
Al
= Cl [cos l jl (kr ) sin l nl (kr )] r > r0
#&
Bl
Al
= tan l
(o)
dRkl (r )
dr
Al
cos l
= Cl ! ' # &

= Cl cos l
(o)
Rkl (r )
djl (kr )
dnl (kr )
sin l
dr
dr
,

r > r0
.
5 $ &

Rkl(i) (r ) # Schrodinger 0 r < r0
#&&-&
# !
)
&# & # 2 $
&
# 4& &
& r = r0

(i)
Rkl (r0 )

(i)
dRkl (r )

dr
(o)
Rkl (r0 ),
r =r0

(o)
dRkl (r )
=

dr
r =r0
'

& 4 $ & 2

# 4&
&

(i)
dRkl (r )

(i)
R (r ) dr
1
kl

(o)
dRkl (r )
= (o)

dr
R (r )
1
r =r0
kl
r =r0
' 4 , . r = r0 # # $

(i)
dRkl (r )

(i)
R (r ) dr
1
kl
r =r0

l (kr )
cos l djldr(kr ) sin l dndr

=

cos l jl (kr ) sin l nl (kr )
0
r =r0
/ & &
& &
2&

(i)
dRkl (r )
l = l (k) = (i)

R (r ) dr
r0
kl
1
r =r0
&
& & & &
& $ 0
cos l
&
# & tan l
# # &

r0 djldr(kr ) l jl (kr )
tan l = dn (kr )

r0 l
l nl (kr )
dr

r =r0

l ()
l jl ()
kr0 djd
=

l ()
kr0 dnd
l nl ()

=kr0

#

r0 djldr(kr ) l jl (kr )
tan l = dn (kr )

r0 l
l nl (kr )
dr
r =r0

l ()
l jl ()
kr0 djd
=

l ()
kr0 dnd
l nl ()
=kr0
) l (k) 4 # k r0 l #

&
&
& &!

/ #&2&
= kr0 1 Bessel Neumann $
jl (kr0 )
(kr0 )l
,
(2l + 1)!!

djl ()
l(kr0 )l1

,

d =kr0
(2l + 1)!!
nl (kr0 ) (2l 1)!!(kr0 )l1

dnl ()
(2l 1)!!(l + 1)(kr0 )l2
d =kr0
#& (2l + 1)!! = 1 3 5 (2l + 1)! 8 $

&

tan l
(kr0 )2l+1
l l
,
(2l + 1)!!(2l 1)!! l + 1 + l
6) & kr0 #&

kr0 0 2 $&

l = l (k) l (0), tan l sin l l
&# $
l cl (kr0 )2l+1 ,
cl =

kr0 1
ll (0)
1
(2l+1)!!(2l1)!! l+1+l (0)

l cl (kr0 )2l+1 ,
cl =
l l (0)
1
(2l + 1)!!(2l 1)!! l + 1 + l (0)

5& & k 0 $&

l 0 l = 0, 1, 2, . . .!
7& & k 0
& # &##& &
& 4
#&
& 2 &
&
!
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# & l # &$ & &
#&
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#&
#&-

#&
& &
&
2 2& # & &
&!

! " Breit-Wigner

9 &
$
! )
&# & #
$
tan l
(kr0 )2l+1
l l
(2l + 1)!!(2l 1)!! l + 1 + l
%
: &
#&
E = Er $
(
l + 1 + l (Er ) = 0

tan l (Er ) =

l (Er ) =
5 # #

& l

# &- &
&
E = Er
& & & &

!
9 &
$ %
& #& &
&
& Er ! 7& #
l + 1 + l (E ) Taylor
# &$ &
& E = Er
l + 1 + l (E ) = l + 1 + l (Er ) + (E Er )

l (E )
+
E E =Er

& &
& $
(

l (E )
l + 1 + l (E ) (E Er )
E E =Er
8 & l (E ) # $ $ % & &

#
&
l l
l + 1 + l
=
1
2l + 1
2l + 1
1
1
l + 1 + l
[l (E )/E ]E =Er E Er
2l + 1
1
[l (E )/E ]E =Er E Er
' # & # E & &
&
&
#&
& & &! / 24 &
&
# &&
$ % & &
2&
=
2(kr0 )2l+1
l
[(2l 1)!!]2 [l /E ]E =Er
+
$ #

&
tan l (E )
/2
E Er
,
"#
& & l
&
& & &

l (E ) =
4
4
tan2 l
(2l + 1) sin2 l = 2 (2l + 1)
2
k
k
1 + tan2 l

&2 ,
&

l (E ) =
4
2
(2l + 1)
.
2
k
4(E Er )2 + 2
' l (E )

l
&*
&
# &$ *
&
& E = Er !
' l (E ) $
& &
& E = Er

l,max
Breit-Wigner!
l,max =
4
(2l + 1)
k2
l,max/2
Er -/2
Er
E +/2
r

E = Er
#

l (Er
1
) = l,max
2
2
7&
2& #& &
$ + & & width l (E ) &
&
& # &$ & &
&!
8#& $ 2 l
& &
&

#& l (E )

& & 2 & !
l /E < 0 #&
& & $ 0!

" $
# $ ,
/2
E Er
2 &

# E < Er E = Er $
E > Er ! "# 0
# E < Er
$ E = Er
tan l (E ) l (E ) & 4 # #&

4
tan l (E )
&
& $
tan l (Er ) = ,
l (E ) =
l (Er ) =
,
2

l
l (E )
>
0
E E =Er
l=1
4
(2l + 1)
k2
& &*

&
E > Er tan l (E )
l (E )
&

/2
l=0
l=2
< tan l (E ) < 0

Er
< l (E ) <
2

E0

l = 0, 1 2

l (E ) #
&
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&$ &
& # # & l (E )
$ l (E )/E |E =Er < 0! 7 # # & & 5$
% #& $
#
#
4
l = 0, 1 2!
5 &
# $
& &

l = 1 E = Er ! '

E = E0 &$ &
!

!
E
Veff(r)
r0

Ve (r ) = V (r ) + l(l+1)
r2
V (r ) !

"# V0 " r0
$

% "
& !

-V0

Ve (r ) = V (r ) + l(l + 1)/r 2

& l &
Ve (r ) #& #

#&
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$
&

!

"
' # &

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& $ & -

& #& &
&
$
# &&
E t
' # && &

& E
4 & $ & - t !

l(l + 1)
d2 kl
2
2
+
k
V
(r
)
kl = 0 ,
dr 2
2
r2
k2 =
2E
2

r = 0

V (r )

r 0

1/r 2
kl (r ) = r l
kl (r ) = r l+1

H Kr
Lennard-Jones
V (r ) =

6
12
2
,
r
r
= 5.9 meV,
= 3.57
!

"

r = 0

(r ) = ew /r w
!
#
!;
5

#

#

/ &
# &

&

& &

l(l + 1)
d2 kl
2
2
+
k
V
(r
)
kl = 0 ,
dr 2
2
r2
k2 =
2E
2
0
(r )
#& # &# #

&
$

& Rkl (r ) = kl
r
"# 0
- # 4 # &
& &
2
& #& $
&#&&
& #&&
& &
&
4 $& #& & #&& $ &!
) 2
& kl (r )
1
kl (r )|r =0 = 0
kl (r ) = kr (Al jl (kr ) + Bl nl (kr )) ,

r r0
'
&# &
&!
/ 2&
Bl /Al = tan l
kl (r ) = Cl kr (cos l jl (kr ) sin l nl (kr )) ,
#& l
# & l
&
&!

r r0

2
# l &
!"! 0 $
&#&4
2&& 2
& NDSolve Mathematica! /

#& & #
& 4 24 1 #

$4
4 !
'
$ 2 kl (r = 0) = 0!
' $ 2
#& 2 2 kl (r = h)
# #

!
7&
& r = h &
& & r = 0!
; !"! 0
$ &
& r = r0 $&
& 2
# &
kl (r )
##
& 2
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& r = r0 #& &
2
!

'

kl (r )|r =h
#& &#&#&

# 2 Cl
#& # &#&#&
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&
& !
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# && &

# # & &
l(l+1)
#& &

& & &#&
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$&
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!
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&
& r = 0 & # &
r 0 #& # 1/r 2

#&
2 # &
# !"! # &$ &
&
r = 0 #& kl (r ) = r l+1 !

#&
kl (r = h) = hl+1 #& h &
&& !

5 2 $
&#&&
$ & 2
# 4&
#&
2
!"! 0
#&

&# & 2 &
r1 r0 r2 > r1 r0 ! &

!"! 0
$ &
& r = r2 $
-&
&

kl (r1 )
Cl kr1 (cos l jl (kr1 ) sin l nl (kr1 ) )
kl (r2 )
Cl kr2 (cos l jl (kr2 ) sin l nl (kr2 ) )
4& Cl l !

&
(1)
kl
(2)
kl
=
=

l r1 j (1) tan l n(1) ,
C
l
l

l r2 j (2) tan l n(2) ,
C
l
l
l = Cl k cos l
C
(1)
kl = kl (r1 ) ,
(2)
kl = kl (r2 )
' &

& # & Cl tan l # 03-phase-system.nb
(1)
tan l
l
C
(2)
G jl
jl
G nl
nl
(1)
(1)
(2)
(2)
(jl
(1)
nl
,
(2)
#& G =
(2)
(1)
nl kl r1 nl kl r2
(1)
jl
(2)
nl )
r1 r2
(2)
r1 kl
(1)
r2 kl

%
' # && - l &

[ 2 , 2 ]!
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l #&#& & & &#&&
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#

2 & & & &
!

7& #&#& &

&

#& # &&
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4
& kl (r )
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& (0)
kl = krjl (kr ) #&
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2
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&
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2
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: # =&

& & !"!

& !
/ & #& &
&
2
& L0 E0
&$ r = r L0 E = E E0 0

d2 kl
V (r )) l(l + 1) kl = 0
+
C
(
E
dr 2
r 2
2& r r E E

l(l + 1)
d2 kl
+
C
(E
V
(r
))
kl = 0
dr 2
r2
(
#& 4 r E V (r ) 2 C

C =

2(c 2 )E0 L20

2E0 L20
=
2

(c)2

C =
2(c 2 )E0 L20

2E0 L20
=
2
(c)2
5 /&
> $
&#&& &
& nm
A &
& eV
! ) &$
& : > fm MeV
/ = 109 m = 107 cm,
1 nm = 10
19
1 eV = 1.602177 10
1 fm = 1015 m = 1013 cm
1 MeV = 106 eV
J,
"#
me c 2 0.511 MeV = 5.11 105 eV,
c = 197.33 MeV fm = 1973.3 eV

/
2 C &
&
#

me ,
me ,
m2p
mn
,
2

[L0 ] =
/,
[L0 ] = nm,
[L0 ] = fm,
[E ] = eV
[E ] = eV
[E ] = MeV

C = 0.26246
C = 26.246
C = 0.0241

$
Mathematica %

' & # & &

#& & !
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2 &
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&
V (r ) =
#&
x = 4.5397Z 1/6 r 1/2 ,
Ze 2 x
e (1 + x + b2 x 2 + b3 x 3 + b4 x 4 )
r
e 2 = 14.409,
b2 = 0.3344,
b3 = 0.0485,
+
b4 = 0.002647
7&

eV
/! 7&

#& 2 2
##

r0 = 2
/!

!
VeffHrL
200
100
@eVD
l=3
l=2
l=1
0.5
100
1.5
@D

l(l+1)
l '
r2
Ve (r ) = CV (r ) +

Z = 20
l=0
200
300
7& #
#& 2&

&
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0.5 eV E 1 KeV # & &

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&
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7
r1 r2 & -& # $ r1 = r0 , r2 = r1 + 0.9 k !
5& &
r1 r2 # # # &
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#

jl nl #& & kr 4 &

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E=0.1 eV,
45 90
Z=50
135 180
E=1. eV,
45 90
Z=50
135 180
1
L0.8
H0.6
L
H0.4
0.2
0
45
90
135 180
@degreesD
E=43. eV,
45 90
Z=50
135 180
L1.2
H1.1
1
L
0.9
H
0.8
1.05
L1.04
H
L1.03
H1.02
1.01
1
45
90
135 180
@degreesD
45
90
135 180
@degreesD

()/(0) =

!
Z = 50

d() d(0)
/ d
d
) E = 0.1 eV, E = 1 eV E = 43 eV & &

&

#& &
2 2& $

= &$!
: &
$
& &
$ & &#
! 5 & 2 & &

4
d(0)
d()
d(0)
1.05
,
d
d
d
[0o , 180o ]
5 $
&

l = 0 &
&

d()
4
2 sin2 0 ,
d
k
k=
CE
6)& $-& &

l > 0
& &
$- # # &
# & 5$
&!

E = 1 eV 2k 1/r0 # $ #& # !

5 E = 43 eV #&
#& 2 2 = 2 = 0o
# Pl (cos 0)@

& 2
#&
# $

& 2 ! 5 # $

&

#&
& &

! /
# &
$ #

=
diraction form!

60
10
20
0
4
6
Energy @eV D
10
20
40
D
30
total
D10
@
8
total
40
12
D100
@ 80
total
Z=70
Z=50
Z=20
120
10
20
30
40
Energy @eV D
50
20
40
60
80
Energy @eV D

!
Z = 20,

100
50, 70
7& $ 4 # & $

& &

# &-& &
&

& Z !
/ & $ total (E ) # &-& &
& # #
&
& #&&
&
&! #&
E = Er #&&

2 # &- &
!
Z = 20 # &- &
& E 1.5 eV Z = 50
# &-
& E 20 eV Z = 70 # &- &
& E 10 eV

& E 70 eV!

#4&
#&

- &
# # &

#

& &

# ! ) # 4& # & & $& & #
& 5$

4 & & !
2
4
6
8
Energy @eV D
10
Z=50
@ 1
0.5
40
Z=70
30
D25
20
@
15
10
5
0
10 20
Energy
l=1
30
@eVD
40
20 40 60 80 100
Energy @eVD
10
D8
6
@
4
2
0
Z=20
2
4
6
8
Energy @eVD
l=2
Z=70
10
Z=50
10 20
Energy
l=2
30
@eVD
40
Z=70
D1.5
0.5
l=0
30
@eVD
10 20
Energy
l=2
2
4
6
8
Energy @eV D
l=1
1.75
1.5
D1.25
@0.751
0.5
0.25
0
1.2
D0.81
@0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
Z=50
l=0
10
D1.5
25
D20
15
@
10
5
0
Z=20
l=1
D10
@8
6
120
100
D 80
@ 60
40
20
0
0
Z=20
l=0
12
20 40 60 80 100
Energy @eVD
20 40 60 80 100
Energy @eVD

!

/# & 5$
0 # &
1 (E ) Z = 20 Z = 70 # &- &
& # #& #& # &- &

&
#
& & &

& Z !
5 # # & Z = 50 &
& 2 (E ) #& &
# &- # #& #& # &- &
&
!
6" & $ 4 # & 5$
& 0
0 (E ) Z = 20 Z = 70 #

E 0!
/ $&

&
Z *&
&* & # $

#&

!

! 04-electron-scat.nb

l (E ) l = 0, 1 2

Z = 20, 50 70
!
$
%

&!

l (E )
%

!
H Kr
Lennard-Jones
V (r ) =

6
12
2
,
r
r
= 5.9 meV,
= 3.57
,
!

H Kr !$
04-electron-scat.nb

03-04-trans - normal - Αντιγραφή PDF

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03-04-trans - normal - Αντιγραφή PDF

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 

uklm (r) = Rkl (r )Ylm (, )

Cl Rkl (r )Pl (cos )

Rkl (r ) = Al jl (kr ) + Bl nl (kr ) ,

'         

) # &  l = l (k) 

   & l *

"# /  & ##& 

sin t = 2i1 (eit eit )  $ .

(2l + 1)(ei2l 1)Pl (cos )

(2l + 1) eil sin l Pl (cos )

 &  &

) $    &  &   &     &

    

"# |l|2 = l(l + 1) p = k $&

& & #

= Cl ! ' # & 

5  $   &

'   

'    4 , .  r = r0  # #  $  

) l (k)  4  #  k  r0 l #         

nl (kr0 ) (2l 1)!!(kr0 )l1

#& (2l + 1)!! = 1 3 5 (2l + 1)! 8    $  

6) & kr0   #&

5& & k 0 $&

 ! " Breit-Wigner

5 # #  

 $  #  

'      l (E )  

   &       &*

< tan l (E ) < 0

     

    

' #    & 

' # &&         & 

      

    r 0    

      

#& # & # #  

Cl kr1 (cos l jl (kr1 ) sin l nl (kr1 ) )

Cl kr2 (cos l jl (kr2 ) sin l nl (kr2 ) )

'  & 

'   # && -  l & 

7&  #&#& & 

#& 4  r  E V (r )    2  C 

2(c 2 )E0 L20

2(c 2 )E0 L20

c = 197.33 MeV fm = 1973.3 eV

'     &  # & &

0.5 eV E 1 KeV # & &

&  +!

#&  &

& 04-electron-scat.nb & -&

&  BesselJ[n, z] BesselY[n, z]!

&   & &  $&

2  l = 0, 1, 2, . . . , lmax (E)!

 & # & r1 ! 7&

8 &   $& & -&

8  &2 & l #&&-      &

)    E = 0.1 eV, E = 1 eV E = 43 eV  & &

6)&       $-&   & 

E = 1 eV 2k 1/r0  # $ #&   #    !

7& $      4 #  & $

'

) # & l = l (k)

& l *

"# / & ##&

sin t = 2i1 (eit eit ) $ .

& &

) $ & & & &

"# |l|2 = l(l + 1) p = k $&

& & #

= Cl ! ' # &

5 $ &

'

' 4 , . r = r0 # # $

) l (k) 4 # k r0 l #

#& (2l + 1)!! = 1 3 5 (2l + 1)! 8 $

6) & kr0 #&

5& & k 0 $&

! " Breit-Wigner

5 # #

$ #

' l (E )

& &*

' # &

' # && &

r 0

#& # &# #

' &

' # && - l &

7& #&#& &

#& 4 r E V (r ) 2 C

' & # & &

0.5 eV E 1 KeV # & &

& +!

#& &

& 04-electron-scat.nb & -&

& BesselJ[n, z] BesselY[n, z]!

& & & $&

2 l = 0, 1, 2, . . . , lmax (E)!

& # & r1 ! 7&

8 & $& & -&

8 &2 & l #&&- &

) E = 0.1 eV, E = 1 eV E = 43 eV & &

6)& $-& &

E = 1 eV 2k 1/r0 # $ #& # !

7& $ 4 # & $

& E 10 eV

& # #& #& # &- &