4.

1.

2.
4.4.8

3.

60

4.

5.

4- 1

4.1.1

4.3

4.3

1. - 4.1-1
q

q=

P
A

( 4.1-1)

Ws
Z

WF

P = P + WS + WF

A = B L
P =
L

WS =
WF =

Z =

- 4.1-1

2. - 4.1-2

4- 2

e=

M
P

( 4.1-2)

P'
M

Ws

M = M + Q Z

WF

M =

Q =
Z =
q

B
(i) e
6
q=

P 6e
1 +
A
B

( 4.1-3)

- 4.1-2

B
(ii) e >
6
q=

4P
3(B 2e )L

( 4.1-4)

3.
q

P 6eB 6eL
+
1 +

A
B
L
M
eB = B
P
ML
eL =
P
e B e L B L
q=

L P

4- 3

( 4.1-5)
( 4.1-6)
( 4.1-7)
M B M L B

4.1.2

4.1.3

4.1.4

4- 4

1.

(1) 1/2
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
2.

3.
ACI436
1.75/
1.75/

=4

B1 K v
4EF I F

( 4.1-8)

= (m - 1 )
B1 = (m)

4- 5

K v= (tf/m 3 )
E F = (tf/m 2 )

I F = (m 4 )

4.2

1. 4.1

2.

4.3
4.3.1

q u = cN c Fcs Fcd Fci + 2 D f N q Fqs Fqd Fqi + 0.5 1 BN Frs Frd Fri

4- 6

(4.3-1)

 4.3-1

q u = (tf/m )
2

c = (tf/m )
1 = B
3

(tf/m )

2 =
3

(tf/m )
Df =
(m)

B = (m)
L = (m)
= ()
N c , N q , N = ( ) 4.3-1
Fcs Fqs Frs =
Fcd Fqd Frd =
Fci Fqi F ri =

4.3-2

4- 7

 4.3-1
()

Nc

Nq

N *

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.3
7.6
7.9
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.9
10.4
10.9
11.4
13.2
15.3
17.9
20.9
24.7
29.3
35.1
42.2
51.2
62.5
77.0
95.7

1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.9
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.2
5.6
6.0
6.5
7.1
8.3
9.8
11.7
14.1
17.0
20.8
25.5
31.6
39.6
49.8
63.4
81.2

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.4
5.4
6.6
8.4
10.6
13.7
17.8
23.2
30.5
41.4
57.6
80.0
114.0

0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.4
2.9
3.4
4.1
4.8
5.7
6.8
8.0
9.6
11.2
13.5
15.7
18.9
22.0
25.6
31.1
37.8
44.4
54.2
64.0
78.8
93.6

N *

4- 8

 4.3-2

(Modified from Meyerhof, 1963)

(c)

(q)

( )

(s)

(d)

(i)

= 0

B
Fcs = 1 + 0.2 1.2
L

( 10)

B
Fcs = 1 + 0.2 tan 2 45 +
2
L

Df
1.5
Fcd = 1 + 0.2
B

Df

tan 45 +
Fcd = 1 + 0.2
2
B

= 0

( 10)
( )
( < )

Fci = 1

90

Fqs = 1.0

B
B
Fqs = 1 + 0.1 tan 2 45 + Frs = 1 + 0.1 tan 2 45 +
2
2

L
L
Fqd = 1.0

Df
Fqd = 1 + 0.1
B

Frd = 1.0

tan 45 + Frd = 1 + 0.1 f

2

B

Fqi = 1

90

Frs = 1.0

< 10o = 0

4- 9

tan 45 +
2

Fri = 0

Fri = 1


1. (4.3-1) D f
- 4.3-1
2.

Terzaghi
2

38 10tf/m
28
28 38 N c N q N r

4.3-1

Df

Df

(a)

Df=0

(b)

(c)

Df

Df

Df

(d)
- 4.3-1

(e)

(f)

4- 10

4.3.2

Meyerhof(1953)

1.
(1) - 4.3-2
(a)
A = B L

( 4.3-1)

B = B 2e B

( 4.3-2)

(b)
A = B L

( 4.3-3)

B = B 2e B

( 4.3-4)

L = L 2e L

( 4.3-5)

(2) - 4.3-3
A = r 2 ( cos sin )

( 4.3-6)

r (m)
(rad) - 4.3-4
2. N * 4.3-1
Fcs Fqs Frs 4.3-2 B

L
qu = cN c Fcs Fcd Fci + 2 D f N q Fqs Fqd Fqi + 0.5 1 B N * Frs Frd Fri 2D f

4.3-7)
3.

4- 11

Pa = qu B L / FS + 2D f B ' L'

( 4.3-8)

eB

eB

B
B

B
B

eB

eB
L L

eL

B
B

B
(a)

(b)

- 4.3-2

1.0

2r
e

0.5

0.0

2r

1.0

(rad)

2.0

3.0 3.14

-4.3-4 e
r

-4.3-3

4- 12

4.3.3

1. - 4.3-5 - 4.3-6

Meyerhof(1957)

b
H

B
qu

Df

Df

do

90-

90-

B
qu
do

- 4.3-5

- 4.3-6

2.

(1)

4- 13

(2)

(3)

(4) Meyerhof and Hanna

(1978)

4.3.4

1.
(1)

(2)
0.25
(3)

2.
(1)

q u ( F ) = q u ( P ) + D f

( 4.3-8)

4- 14

(2)
qu (F ) = qu (P )

BF
+ D f N q
BP

( 4.3-9)

3.
(1)
SF = SP

BF
BP

( 4.3-10)

(2)

B
S F = S P F
BP

B P + 0.3

B F + 0.3

( 4.3-11)
2

q u ( F ) = (tf/m )
2

q u ( P ) = (tf/m )
B F = (m)
B P = (m)
S F = (m)
S P = (m)

4. K v q
s K v = q / s
Kv

4.3.5
4.3.1

4- 15

4.4
4.4.1

4.4.2

4.4.3

4- 16

1.
= 0.5 Boussinesq(1886)
- 4.4-1

Z =

P 3Z 3

2 R 5

( 4.4-1)

Z = z (tf/m )
P = (tf)
Z = Z (m)

r = (m)
R = (m)
P

z
r

- 4.4-1

2. Boussinesq
Newmark(1942)

4- 17

3.
( ) (2 1)

4.
Osterberg(1957)

4.4.4

4.4.5

4- 18

H ip =

Hi
( zi xi yi )
Ei

( 4.4-2)

H ip = (m)

H i = (m)
zi , xi , yi =
2

(tf/m )
2

E i = (tf/m )

H i =
:

1 2
qBI
E

( 4.4-4)

H i = (m)
2

q = (tf/m )
B = (m)
2

E = (tf/m )
I =

Janbu(1956)

H i =

4
qB
0 1
1 2
E
3

( 4.4-4)

4- 19

H i = (m)

o 1 = - 4.4-2
2

q = (tf/m )
2

E = (tf/m )
B = (m)

3.0
100
L=

2.5

50

L=

D
2.0

20

10 L/B

1
1.5

Hi = 1 0

qB
E

1.0

0.5

0.0
0.1 0.2

0.5

10 20
H/B

50 100

1000

1.0
0.9

0.8
0.7

1 2 5 10 20 50

L/B

0.6

200
100

0.5
0.1 0.2

0.5

- 4.4-2

10 20
D/B

50 100

1000

0 1
( Janbu et al 1956)

4- 20

4.4.6

Hc =

eoi e fi

i =1

1 + eoi

(4.4-1)

Hi

H c = (cm)
eoi = i oi
e fi = i fi
2

oi = i (tf/m )
2

fi = i (tf/m )
H i = i (cm)

(compression
index)

e log '
Casagrande(1936) Schmertmann(1955)

- 4.4-3
0'
c' 1'

4- 21

2. 1' < c'

1. 1' > c'

C S

e0
ec

CC

o'

H c= H o

e0
ec

c'

1'

o' 1'

C
'
'
CS
log c + H o C log 1
1 + eo
o'
1 +e o
c'

H c= H o

c'

CS
'
log 1
1 +eo
o'

( 4.4-5)

( 4.4-6)

(a) ( c' > o' )

e0

e 0 =e c

o' = c' 1'

H c= H o

c' o' 1'

CC
'
log 1
1 +eo
O'

H c= H o

( 4.4-7)
(b) ( o' = c' )
- 4.4-3

CC
'
log 1
1 +eo
c'
( 4.4-8)

(c) ( c' < o' )

4.4.7

4- 22

( )

t
H s = C H log sc
t
p

C =

( 4.4-5)

H = (m)
t p = ( )
t sc = ( )

4.4.8

1. Wahls(1981) - 4.4-4
A B C D E A B C

D E

4- 23

l AB
A

A'

max

AB

E'

AB
B'

D'

C'

(a)

l AB
A
A'

AB

AB

E'

B'

D'

C'

(b)

i = i
ij = i j

=
ij = ij / l ij =

max / L =
- 4.4-4

4- 24

2.

(1)

- 4.4-1

- 4.4-1 (Bjerrum,1963)

1/600

1/500

( )

1/300

( )

1/250

1/150

1/150

( )

1/150

(2)
- 4.4-2

- 4.4-2

( )

4.0

10.0

4- 25

20.0

30.0

4.5

4.3

1.

Df

Df

- 4.5-1

4- 26

Df

2.

4.6
4.6.1
(4.6-1)
(4.6-2)
1.5
1.2

1.

2.
1.5
1.2
3.

4.6.2

R f = N tan + Ac a

(4.6-1)

R f = (tf)
N = (tf)

4- 27

 = ()
(1) 2/3
(2) 30 45

= ()
2

A = (m )
2

c a = (tf/m )

1.
(4.6-1)

(1)
(a) =
2
(b) =
3
(2)
(a) = 45
2
(b) = 30
3
2.
4.3.2

4.6.3
4.6-1 :
R P = L( P h ) L( A h )

(4.6-2)

R P = (tf)
= 1.0 + 0.4(D f / L ) 2.0

4- 28

L = (m)
2

P = = he K P + 2c K P (tf/m )
2

A = = he K A 2c K A (tf/m )
K P = 4.6-1
K A = 4.6-1
3

= (tf/m )
D f = (m)
h = (m)

he = (m)

4.6-1

KP KA

( )

10

20

30

40

45

KP

1.0

1.4

2.0

3.0

4.6

5.8

KA

1.0

0.71

0.5

0.33

0.22

0.17

4.6-1

1. (4.6-2)
- 4.6-1
2. K P K A Rankine

K P = tan 2 45 +
2

( 4.6-1)

K A = tan 2 45
2

( 4.6-2)

4- 29

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

1.0

3.0

2.0

4.0

5.0

Df /L
- 4.6-1

D f / L

( ,1997)

4- 30