Safety Indicators

FREQUENCY RATE
A question 'How often do injuries occur?' is replied by the frequency rate which is defined as the
disabling (lost time) injuries per 106 man-hours worked.
F = No. of lost time injury x 106
1
Manhours worked
F = No. of lost time injury x 106
R
Manhours worked
If the injury does not cause loss of time in the period in which it occurs but in a subsequent
period the injury should be included in the frequency rate of the period in which the loss of time begins.

FATAL ACCIDENT FREQUENCY RATE

It indicates fatalities per 108 man-hours worked. It is the number of deaths from industrial injuries
expected in a group of IOQO people during their working lives (1000 x 40 years x 52 weeks x 48 hours
= 1000 x 40 x50x 50 = 108)

PERCENTAGE REDUCTION IN FREQUENCY RATE(PRFR)

PRFR = Frequency rate now x 100
Frequency rate past
This is used to decide awards. Average PRFR for two consecutive years is considered

WEIGHTED FREQUENCY RATE

While giving National Safety Award, this rate : considered and given bv WFR = (No. of fatal accidents x 10) x 106

Total man hours worked

+ (No. of permanent total dis abilities x 10) x 106
Total man hours worked
+ (No. of Nonfatal Accidents) x 106
Total man hours worked
Here each fatal accident and permanent total disability are equated with 10 non-fatal accidents.

SAFE T-SCORE
It is given by
SafeT-Score =
Frequency rate now Frequency rate past
Frequency rate past x 106 / Manhours worked now.

Positive (+) STS indicates a worsening record while negative (-) STS indicates an improving record
over the past.
If STS is

It indicates

Between +2 & -2

Change is not significant. There may be random fluctuation only.

More than +2

Record is worsening than it was in the past. Something wrong has

happened.

Less than 2

Record is improving than it was in the past. Something better has

happened.

Thus Safe-T-Score is useful to compare our safety record with the past and to control it if it is found
worsening.

INCIDENCE RATE
General incidence rate is the ratio of the number of injuries to the number of employees during the
period under review. It is expressed as the number of accidents or injuries, per 1000 persons employed.
IL = No. of lost time accidents or injuries x 1000
Average No. of persons employed
IR = No. of reportable lost time accidents or injuries x 1000
Average No. of persons employed

SEVERITY RATE
A question 'How serious are the injuries? is replied by the severity rate which is defined as the number
of days of lost time per 106 man-hours worked.
SL = Mandays lost due to lost time injury x 106
Manhours worked.
SR = Mandays lost due to reportable lost time injury x 106
Manhours worked.
The severity coefficient (S) is determined by
S = Mandays lost in all accidents for a given period
No. of injuries for a given period
Since severity rate SR is based on the lost time injuries reportable to the statutory authorities, it should
be used for official purposes only. In all other cases severity rate SL should be used for comparison
purposes.

MEAN DURATION RATE

It is an average number of days lost per accident
MDR = Total number of mandays lost
Total number of accidents
= Severity Rate
Frequency Rate
It is also called average days charged or average severity per injury and given by:
Average days charged = Severity Rate
Frequency Rate
Mandays lost per accident = Total days lost or charged
Total no. of disabling injuries

DURATION RATE
It is an average number of man-hours worked per accident.
DR = Number of manhours worked
Total number of accidents

DISABLING INJURY INDEX

DII = Frequency Rate x Severity Rate
1000
Disabling Index is also given as :
DII = Frequency Rate + 10% of Severity Rate.
This index can be used to compare plant to plant.

FREQUENCY SEVERITY INDEX

FSI = Frequency rate x Severity rate
1000
This is the square root of Disabling Injury Index. It gives combined effect of frequency and severity
rate. This index can be used to compare-plant to plant. This can be used to indicate degree of
improvement.

MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT RATE

MVAR = Number of accidents x 106
Miles of operating exposure

THE COST FACTOR

It is the total compensation and medical cost incurred per 1000 workers of exposure.
Cost Factor = Cost incurred x 1000
Total man-hours worked
Here cost incurred includes the actual compensation and medical costs paid for cases which occurred in
a specified period plus an estimate of what is still to be paid for those cases. The 'estimated cost
incurred' is an estimate of cost incurred based on averages.
'Cost of property damage' is a measure of damage to property of others caused by company (our)
operations.

COST SEVERITY RATE

Cost Severity Rate = Total cost of accidents x 106
Total Production Man-hours

MONEY LOSS RATE

MLR = Loss expenditure x 106
Manhours worked or Miles of Operating Exposure
Loss Ratio = Direct money loss paid out in claims
Premium paid to Insurance Company

SAFETY ACTIVITY RATE

It is determined by the following formula :
SAR = Safety Activity x 5 x 106
Man-hours worked x Average No. of employees
Here 'Safety activity' is the sum (during the unit period) of safety recommendations made, unsafe
practices reported, unsafe conditions reported and the number of safety meetings held. Thus a safety
activity rate curve can be plotted for any period - a week, month, year etc. and the safety performance
can be compared.

RISK OF ACCIDENT
It is a product of probability (frequency) of the occurrence of an accidental event of a given kind and of
its severity (consequence).
Accident Risk = Total Loss of all accident occurrences
RAC = ( FK x SC )A
Where
FK = Frequency FK i.e. number of accidents A of a given kind in period of time = A / T
SC = Severity SC i.e. magnitude of consequence C from accident A of a given kind = C / A

THE RATE OF LABOUR TURNOVER

It is expressed as T = S/F
Where
T = Rate of Labour Turnover
S = No. of Separations
F = Average labour force for a given period of time.
By multiplying the fraction by 100, the percentage turnover is obtained.
If R = No. of Replacements and U = Unavoidable Separations, the rate is also given as
T = R /F and T = R U / F
Statistical Period:
Rates for any period, that is month, quarter or year shall include injuries which occurred during the
period, together with any injuries which occurred in the previous 12 months and which have not
already been included in earlier calculations.
Any injury which occurred in a previous period and which did not cause lost time at the time of
occurrence, but caused lost time in the current period, shall be included as a lost time injury in the
current period.