Exercise 1

Question 1



= 3   = 23.49 



= #! + 
= 923.49 
!"

cos % =


!"

3'

= 0.0889

* =  + , -./01234 56 7 = 1.3329 914.9407 ;

Question 2

60>
< = ? = 1000 @AB/DEF
2
G=

 =

< <
= 0.055
<

G
 = 4864 
1G I


= 169.2493 ;
 = J
3

% = tan

GL
= 0.4015 @MN


* =  + ,5O = 155.79+ 966.142 ;

Question 3

*
*P = = 129.83 955.118 ;
D

* = *P + * = 131.16 970.059 ;

Question 4

!" = 3'|* | cos % = 90869 

R=

I
= 0.9197
!"

Exercise 2
Refference valuse
Arif := 100 10

Vrif := 132000

Zrif :=

Vrif

VA
i :=

Arif

= 174.24

Ohm

Branch parameters
xl12 := 0.25

Ohm

xl13 := 0.38

Ohm

xl23 := 0.33

Ohm

km

km

km

L12 := 30

km

L13 := 50

km

L23 := 45

km

Z12 := i xl12 L12 = 7.5i

Ohm

Z13 := i xl13 L13 = 19i

Ohm

Z23 := i xl23 L23 = 14.85i

Ohm

z12 :=

Z12

z13 :=

Z13

z23 :=

Z23

Zrif

Zrif

Zrif

= 0.043i

= 0.109i

= 0.0852i

Y matrix by network inspection

y12 :=

y13 :=

y23 :=

1
z12
1
z13
1
z23

= 23.232i

= 9.1705i

= 11.7333i

y13
y12 + y13 y12

Y :=
y12
y12 + y23
y23

y23
y23 + y13
y13

32.4025i 23.232i 9.1705i

Y = 23.232i 34.9653i 11.7333i

9.1705i 11.7333i 20.9039i

Y11 := Y

= 32.4025i

Y12 := Y

= 23.232i

Y13 := Y

= 9.1705i

Y21 := Y

= 23.232i

Y22 := Y

= 34.9653i

Y23 := Y

= 11.7333i

Y31 := Y

= 9.1705i

Y32 := Y

= 11.7333i

Y33 := Y

= 20.9039i

1, 1
1, 2
1, 3
2, 1
2, 2
2, 3
3, 1
3, 2
3, 3

We will use the following notations for the elements of Y

y11 := Y11

teta11 := arg( Y11)

y11 = 32.4025

teta11 = 1.5708

y12 := Y12

teta12 := arg( Y12)

y12 = 23.232

teta12 = 1.5708

y13 := Y13

teta13 := arg( Y13)

y13 = 9.1705

teta13 = 1.5708

y21 := Y21

teta21 := arg( Y21)

y21 = 23.232

teta21 = 1.5708

y22 := Y22

teta22 := arg( Y22)

y22 = 34.9653

teta22 = 1.5708

y23 := Y23

teta23 := arg( Y23)

y23 = 11.7333

teta23 = 1.5708

y31 := Y31

teta31 := arg( Y31)

y31 = 9.1705

teta31 = 1.5708

y32 := Y32

teta32 := arg( Y32)

y32 = 11.7333

teta32 = 1.5708

y33 := Y33

teta33 := arg( Y33)

y33 = 20.9039

teta33 = 1.5708

Bus types
Bus 1
Bus 2
Bus 3

PV
SLACK
PQ

Specified nodal power injections

p1 :=

60 10

= 0.6

Arif

p3 :=

87 10
Arif

= 0.87

q3 := p3 tan( acos( 0.9) ) = 0.4214

P :=

p1

p3

0.6

0.87

Q := q3 = 0.4214

Starting profile
Bus 1
v1 :=

135
132

v1 = 1.0227

1 := 0

1 = 0

v2 = 1.0076

2 := 0

2 = 0

Bus 2
v2 :=

133
132

Bus 3
v3 := 1

v3 = 1

3 := 0

3 = 0

Power flow equations and power residues

p1-p1calc=0
p3-p3calc=0
q3-q3calc=0

p1calc := v1 ( v1 y11 cos( 1 1 teta11) + v2 y12 cos( 1 2 teta12) + v3 y13 cos( 1 3 teta13) )
15

p1calc = 4.1154 10

p3calc := v3 ( v1 y31 cos( 3 1 teta31) + v2 y32 cos( 3 2 teta32) + v3 y33 cos( 3 3 teta13) )
15

p3calc = 2.5781 10

q3calc := v3 ( v1 y31 sin( 3 1 teta31) + v2 y32 sin( 3 2 teta32) + v3 y33 sin( 3 3 teta33) )
q3calc = 0.2973

R1 := p1 p1calc = 0.6
R2 := p3 p3calc = 0.87
R3 := q3 q3calc = 0.1241

The power residuals are very large and, hence, the power flow equations are not satisfied by the initial
profile. It is neccessary to compute the PF solution itteratevely

Gauss method - I iteration

V1 := v1 e
V2 := v2 e
V3 := v3 e

i 1

V1 = 1.0227

i 2

V2 = 1.0076

i 3

V3 = 1

q1calc := v1 ( y11 v1 sin( 1 1 teta11) + y12 v2 sin( 1 2 teta12) + y13 v3 sin( 1 3 teta13) )
q1calc = 0.5732
p1 i q1calc
V1new :=

Y12 V2 Y13 V3 = 1.0227 + 0.0181i

Y11
V1

V1new = 1.0229
1new := arg( V1new) = 0.0177
V1new := v1 e

1new

180

= 1.0142

i 1new

V1new = 1.0227 arg( V1new) = 0.0177

V3new :=

1
Y33

p3 i q3

Y31 V1 Y32 V2 = 0.9941 0.0416i

V3

V3new = 0.9949
3new := arg( V3new) = 0.0418

3new

v3new := V3new

Convergence check:
1new 1 = 0.0177
3new 3 = 0.0418
V3new V3

= 5.0635 10

It is neccessary to perform another iteration

180

= 2.3974