Lecture 1 - Wednesday April 1st

1. Learning outcomes:
a. Predicting electron probability clouds and chemical bound types electron from
electronegativity values
2. Clicker
a. Atomic Number
i. Number of proton/electron in the nucleus
b. The atom would become chemically inert and not form bond if
i. Octet rules
3. Atoms and energy
a. e- circle the nucleus have potential energy
b. Energy is release if e- reach a more favorable environment (outer shell is full)
i. Move e- in cell into more favorable environment
1. From one molecule to another
a. Able to do cellular work
i. This is called metabolism (moving electron to a
more favorable environment)
ii. Example
1. Chemical bonding - Satisfying the Octet rule
(Noble gases)
a. C + 4H > 4 H will attach to C
b. C:H or C-H
2. Location of e- in a bond?
a. e- cloud
b. Have equal probability of finding eon either C or H
4. Covalent Bond
a. Sharing eb. Extremely strong bond (strongest bond in biological system)
c. 2 qualifier:
i. non-polar covalent
1. e- cloud probability is equals
ii. polar covalent
1. e- cloud have higher probability on one side than the other
5. Ionic Bond
a. Ionization
6. Non-polar . polar covalent > ionic bond
7. Hydrogen bond (Very Week)
a. Connect with FON
b. H - O - H
8. Electronegativity Value
a. O is the most electronegativity in biological system
9. Cl- and Na+
a. 3.0 electronegativity 0.9
10. P, O, C, N, H, S

a. Find them in the electronegativity table and become familiar with how
electronegativity values relate with each other:
b. What kind of bonds will each form with each other?