NH NC ISRAEL

B CNG THNG V LAO NG

Cc thng mi nc ngoi
Trung tm xc tin u t

NC
Kinh nghim ca Israel

Nc l mt hng ha rt qu
ti Israel, do vng t ny
ti nn mt mi trng hon
ho cho nghin cu v pht
trin cng ngh nc trong iu
kin th gii thc ti v sau
tip th v bn cc cng ngh
ny ra th trng th gii

Nhng thnh tu ni bt v cng ngh nc

ca Israel
l Israel, vi t l nc ti ch 75% l quc gia ng u th

gii v ti ch nc. Quc gia ng th hai v ti ch

nc l Ty ban nha vi t l ti to l 12%
l Cng ngh ti nh git do Israel pht minh t 70%-

80% hiu qu nc trong nng nghip y l t l cao

nht th gii.
l Israel t t l cao nht th gii v thu hoch v ma

trn mt n v nc

Dr. Roger Radke,

CEO - Phng Cng ngh nc,
Tp on Siemens, Thng 6, 2006

l Israel l trung tm ca nh my kh mn bng phng

php thm ngc nc mn ln nht th gii, hng nm

sn xut ra 100 triu mt khi vi chi ph thp xp x 0,52
USD mt mt khi nc chi ph hiu qu nht trong lnh
vc ny hin nay.
l Israel to ra 25 % nc tiu dng trong quc gia mnh.
l Tng lng nc tiu dng ca Israel khng thay i k

t nm 1960 mc d dn s tng, nhu cu s dng nc

tng v sn xut nng nghip tng

Cc lnh vc chuyn mn ca Israel

l Qun l ngun nc - Trc tin p dng mt phng

php tip cn tng th trn quy m quc gia

l Gii php ti - T l v cy trng cao nht trn mt

n v nc
l Tinh lc v ti to nc: V s nhng sng to t ph
l Kh mn: Cng ngh kh mn c chi ph tit kim nht

TG
l An ninh nc: p dng nhiu nm kinh nghim vo

ngnh quc phng i ph vi mi e da mi.

Ni dung
Chng I Tng quan
Ngnh nc quc t: Nhu cu v cung cp ........................................... 4
Kinh nghim v nc ca Israel ........................................................... 4
Chng II Cc kha cnh chnh ca Cng ngh nc
Qun l nc ........................................................................................ 6
Ti u ha v qun l ngun nc.......................................................... 6
o c, gim st v qun l p lc.......................................................... 6
Cu chuyn thnh cng ng ng dn nc quc gia ca Israel........... 6
Cc gii php ti ................................................................................ 8
Cu chuyn thnh cng Ti nh git................................................. 9
X l nc .......................................................................................... 10
Thanh lc v ti ch............................................................................ 10
Kh mn ............................................................................................ 14
Nhng cu chuyn thnh cng Nh my kh m SWRO Ashkelon. 14
An ninh nc .................................................................................... 15
Chng III Nhng u im khc ca Israel
Th mnh cnh tranh ca Israel......................................................... 16
Strong Foundation for a Water Tech Cluster....................................... 18
Cng ngh mi ca Israel Cc cng ngh nc hiu qu
Chng trnh quc gia thc y ngnh cng ngh nc ca Israel...... 21
Ph lc S ngnh cng ngh nc ca Israel................................ 22

Tng quan
S cn thit phi c cc gii php
Theo Lin hip quc:
l20% dn s th gii i mt vi
vic thiu nc. Con s ny d
kin s tng ln 50% trong vng
50 ti.
lC 6 ngi trn th gii th c 1
ngi khng c tip cn vi
nc sch hng ngy
lHng nm, 1.6 triu ngi cht
do ung nc nhim bn.

Nc quc t: Yu cn v Cung ng
Mc nc gim
Do dn s th gii ngy cng tng, tri t nng ln v do s suy
gim cung cp nc sch, d kin trong vng 15 nm ti th gii
s phi i mt vi vic thiu nc tiu dng ti 35%
Theo T chc y t th gii (WHO) vic tng cng tip cn nc
sch l cn thit :
l Gim bnh tt lin quan n nc
l Nng cao s giu c ca mt b phn ln dn s th gii
l Duy tr s tng trng kinh t cc nc pht trin v ang
pht trin
l Xa gim i ngho

Th trng nc th gii- loi du la mi

Hin nay th gii ang tm kim nhng gii php hiu qu gii
quyt vn thiu nc. Vic khan him nc c d bo
trc ny bin nc thnh mt loi du la mi ca th k 21
v to nn bc tin mi trong cng ngh nc.
Th trng nc th gii hng nm d tnh khong 450 t la.
Vi t l tng trng hng nm 7-8%, nc l mt trong nhng
lnh vc pht trin nht trong cc ngnh cng nghip trn th gii

Kinh nghim v nc ca Israel

Tit kim nc l vn ct yu ca t nc
Ngm su vo vn ha ca Israel v s nhn thc v vn khan
him nc. Tng lng nc sinh hot ca Israel khng thay i
k t nm 1960 mc d dn s tng, nhu cu v nc tng v sn
xut nng nghip pht trin.
Thnh cng ca Israel trong vic p ng nhu cu v nc ca
quc gia bt ngun t kh nng kt hp rt nhiu gii php trong
cc iu kin hn ch.
Mekorot, cng ty Nc quc gia ca Israel:
l Ci to 68% ngun nc sng ti s dng cho nng nghip
l X l 32% ngun nc thi ti Israel

lIsrael chuyn nc t vng t ph nhiu pha Bc n vng sa

mc pha Nam ca t nc
lLm tng lng ma n 15%
lQun l 29 trong tng s 32 nh my kh nc mn ti Israel
lKim tra cht lng nc trong 200.000 phn tch mu nc
hng nm
lGim st h thng nc bit lp
lng vai tr nh c quan kim tra cc cng ty mi thnh lp
trong ngnh bng vic gip nh gi cc cng ngh mi ti cc c
quan quc gia
lNh my ti to v x l nc Shafdan ca Israel l mt trong
nhng nh my ti ch nc ln nht th gii, chu trch nhim:
X l nc thi bt ca gn 2.3 triu dn sng ti 13 khu dn c ti
Tel Aviv.
lTinh lc khong 30% nc thi ca Israel
lCung cp nc c x l cjp vng sa mc ti Israel dng cho
ti thy li

Nhu cu cn thit-ng lc ca s sng to

S cn thit l l ng lc thc y sng to t khi thnh lp 60 nm
trc y ti mt trong nhng vng t cn ci nht th gii, Israel
coi vic thiu nc l nhim v u tin quc gia v khng
ngng pht trin cc cng ngh mi v hiu qu lin quan n
ngnh nc. Nhng kinh nghim thc tin v lu nm ca quc gia
ny c cc quc gia khc trn th gii ng dng gii quyt
mi quan ngi tng t ngy cng tng.

a hnh v kh hu Israel phn

nh 50% mi trng th gii
Dn s: ~ 7 triu ngi
GDP u ngi 2006 (PPP): $31,767
S dng nc hng nm:
560-595 triu mt khi
Lng ma hng nm:
Vng Galilee - 700 mm
ng bng min trung - 500 mm
Sa mc Negev - 35-200 mm

Cc lnh vc trong cng ngh nc

Ngun cng ngh nc hiu qu

Qun l Nc -Ti a hiu qu ca h thng nc

Israel cng vi mt trong nhng h thng nc quc gia tinh xo
v phc tp nht th gii, chuyn cung cp cc dch v v h thng
qun l nc a dng trong cc lnh vc nh:
l Ti u ha v qun l ngun nc
l o c, gim st v kim sot nc

Ti u ha v qun l ngun nc
Tnh chuyn nghip ca Israel trong vic qun l ng b ngun
nc bt ngun t kinh nghip kt hp v tng hp cc ngun
nc c sn tha mn nhu cu trong nc. B quyt qun l
nc ca Israel c p dng trong:
l B tr h thng nc ti cc a hnh khc nhau t nng thn
n thnh th
l Tt c cc ngun nc
l Cc d n v h thng quc gia v khu vc
l S dng cho cc mc ch khc nhau t nc ung n nc
ti
l Cc d n cha kha trao tay, BOT v d n n l.
Cc gii php qun l nc ca Israel bao gm:
Thu thp d liu v xc nh vn >>> tin hnh nghin cu k
thut, a l- nc, thy hc a phng php >>>nghin cu kh
thi kinh t >>>tin hnh d n
o c, gim st v kim sot p lc - Ti a ha hiu qu
thng qua vic ngn chn tht thot nc
Ngn chn tht thot nc ph thuc vo cht lng v tin cy
ca h tng c s h thng. R r trong h thng nc ca thnh
ph c th ln ti 60% tng s nc tiu dng ca thnh ph v
hu qu l c th nh hng ti doanh thu ca thnh ph trong
vic cung cp cc dch v nc.
Cng ty Cng ngh Arad ca Israel
pht minh ra ng h o ng
dn nc u tin trn th gii. Cc
khch hng c th gim st h thng
nc t xa, t tr s chnh, pht hin
v x l cc vn xy ra kp thi.

Cng ngh nc ca Israel c th lm gim vic r r nc n

mc ti thiu 10% bng vic cung cp cc h thng vn chuyn
nc ng tin cy hn, ci thin kh nng dn nc v kim sot
tt hn vic cung cp nc v p lc nc, t cng lm tng
hiu qu ti chnh hn.

Nhng u im tin b ca Israel trong lnh vc ny bao gm:

lH thng da trn mng internet, o t ng khng dy c mng
d liu
lH thng qun l nc thi gian thc qua internet, c th t ng
ngt nu pht hin c sai lch
lVt liu bn, c tui th cao gp 3 ln vt liu truyn thng kt hp
thit b kim sot p lc in t c ci t phn cng,
l Phn mm vi ng ng dn nc

Cu chuyn thnh cng

ng ng dn nc quc gia ca Israel Huyt mch ca
Quc gia ny trong vng 60 nm
Vic mt cn bng trong phn b lng ma buc Israel pht
trin h thng nc hiu qu nhm a nc t vng t pha
Nam mu m v tr ph n vng t sa kh cn pha Bc.
Gii php ny to nn mt d n ln nht Israel l ng
ng dn nc quc gia. D n ny cch mng ha khi nim
vn chuyn nc, ln u tin gii quyt vn nc bng h
thng qun l nc ng b quy m quc gia. H thng ny,
im ni bt nht ca qu trnh tip tc pht trin ngun nc ca
Israel, tr thnh mt mng li duy nht ni lin hu ht cc d
n nc ti a png trn ton quc - l ng huyt mch
nc ca Israel, c cng ty k thut Tahal ca Israel thit k v
cng ty Mekorot xy dng, d n c bt u vo nm 1953 v
hon thin nm 1964.
lT khi khnh thnh, ng ng dn nc quc gia vn
chuyn nc t bin Galilee pha bc v nc trn lc i mt
t ti MitzpeRamon pha Nam sa mc Negev.
lMi ma ng, ng ng dn nc quc gia li b sung thm
ngun nc ngm m bo tnh b vng v ngn s bay hi
ca nc ngm.
lH thng s dng ton b ngun nc ca Israel- khong 2 triu
mt khi mt nm ung, ti v sn xut in.
lNh c ng ng dn nc Quc gia, pha nam sa mc pht
trin bn vng v vng t ca h c s dng rng ri cho
pht trin nng nghip.

Cc lnh vc trong cng ngh nc

Ngun cng ngh nc hiu qu

Gii php ti hiu qu v ti nh git

S liu thc t:
l70% tiu dng nc ton cu dnh
cho Nng nghip.
l82% tiu dng nc ti cc nc
ang pht trin s dng cho nng
nghip

Solu - sn xut t l cao nht trn th gii v sn lng cy

trng trn mt n v nc
Israel thnh cng vi cng ngh ti nh git rt c gi tr
trong tiu dng nc nng nghip mc d nng sut nng
nghip vn tng hng nm, bng vic pht trin cc phng
php ti tin tin v tng hiu qu nc.
Mc d vic cung cp nc t, nhng quc gia ny vn p ng
phn ln nhu cu lng thc ca mnh.
Thnh tu ni ting nht ca Israel trong lnh vc ti l vic
pht trin h thng ti nh git phng php ti hiu qu
nht c bit ti cho n nay.
Nhng pht trin cng ngh trong lnh vc ti ca Israel gm :
lH thng ti phun c nhn gip ti cy mt cch chnh xc
lVi tnh ha tin tin h thng ti cho php hot ng ti
trong thi gian thc thc, iu khin v lp chng trnh
trc cc qung ngt gia cc ln ti.
lThit b cm bin m c chn di t, cung cp thng
tin v m ca t, trong khi cc thit b cm bin cy trng
c bit quyt nh qun qung ngt gia cc ln ti bng
cch kim tra s thay i ng knh ca thn cy hoc ca
cy qu.

M hnh nghin cu v pht trin (R&D) duy nht

Israel t ho l quc gia hng u trong cng ngh ti
nhm mc mc nh ci thin hiu nng nc. S i mi
trong lnh vcn ny bt ngun t m hnh R&D ca
Israel. M hnh ny cho php trao i ngun thng tin hai
chiu gia cc nghin cu v nng trang vin. Nhng vn
pht sinh trn cnh ng c nh nghin cu tm hiu
trc tip v a ra cc gii php c th. Kt qu ca cc gii
php ny c kim nghim ngay trn cnh ng.

Cu chuyn thnh cng

Ti nh git ca Israel
Trng nhiu v cy trng ch tn vi git nc
Israel c coi nh quc gia hng u trong cng ngh ti nh
git t u nhng nm 1960, khi cc nh nghin cu v cc nng
trang vin ca Israel sng to nn ti nh git vt qua cc iu
kin khc nhit sa mc. S i mi ny p ng c nhu cu trn
th gii v k thut ti tit kim nc, c hiu qu, t to nn
th trng ti nh git ton cu.
Ti nh git da trn quan nim thc tin l ti u ha hiu qu s
dng s lng nc hn hp bng cch nh git vo v tr ca cy
trng chin lc.
Cng vi vic gim thiu lng ph nc, cng ngh ti nh git
thnh cng trong vic:
lHn ch bay hi
lGim yu cu v phn bn ha hc
lTo kh nng kim sot hiu qu bnh ca cy trng
lNgn nga t mu b mn
lNgn c di pht trin
Th h k tip ca cng ngh nh git
Sut nhng nm qua, Israel vn lun t c tin b trong cng
ngh ti nh git, to iu kin ti u ha cht lng v s lng
nc i vi nhiu loi t mu v cy trng bao gm:
lTi thp hn b mt gip a nc trc tip n r cy, gim
thiu vic bc hi nc n 20% .
lTi bn Vic bn phn qua h thng ti nh git m bo cc
cht nh photpho, c ti trc tip vo r cy.
l Tnh c th ngn nga mui tch t r cy
lng ti b p to kh nng cung cp nc v cc cht dinh
dng n inh cho cc cnh ng trng hoa mu cng nghip v
d nh ma.
lTh h mi ca ng nh git i vi trng cy trong nc- S
pht trin ca cy trng trong nh knh khng cn t mu.

Thnh tu ti nh git ca Israel:

lT l hiu qu nc cao nht, 70%80%, tri vi 40% ti m.
lCc cng ty ca Israel kim sot
50% th trng ton cu (Tun bo
kinh doanh, s ra 30/12 /2005)

X l nc
K lc ti ch nc ca Israel
Israel l quc gia ti ch nc ln
nht th gii vi t l ti ch l 75%.
Quc gia th 2 l Ty ban nha vi t
l ti s dng nc l 12%

Ti ch v thanh lc
Cc cng ty ca Israel pht trin mt lot cc cng ngh x l
nc sng to nhm thanh lc nc v ti s dng nc thi.
Mc tiu l:
l Ci thin cht lng nc p ng tiu chun ngy cng tng
v nc ung, nc cng nghip v nc ti
l Phng trnh nhim v nhim c mi trng
l Ti a ha vic bo tn nc
l Cung cp phng tin cho cc vng khng tip cn c vi xe
cp nc lu ng
Cc lnh vc thch thc chnh Nc thi v nc cng nghip
X l nc thi cng nghip t ra hai thch thc chnh
1. Nc thi cng nghip dn thi vo mi trng hoc vo cc h
thng thu gom ca thnh ph i hi cn cng ngh x l c
th, gim thiu tc ng ln mi trng.
Trong nhiu trng hp, qu trnh x l ng n c th gip ti
s dng dng nc thi x l trong nh my, t lm gim
sn xut v ti u ha qu trnh x l nh my
2. Cc ngnh cng nghip cn nc nh giy v bt giy, ch bin
thc phm v dt may, thng ph thuc vo cng sut x l
nc thi m rng sn xut. Nu h thng x l nc thi
khng th sn xut s b hn ch.
Nc thi v nc thnh ph
X l nc thi thnh ph tinh xo l tiu chun trong th gii pht
trin v ngy cng ph bin ti cc nc ang pht trin. Nhng c
hai thch thc chin lc vn cn tn ti:
Vn th ha v tng dn s kh on trc trn th gii gy
ra s cng thng trong h thng hin ti do nhu cu x l nc thi
ngy cng tng khng d bo trc c.
Tiu chun nc thi nghim ngt ngy cng lm gia tng yu cu
cc nh my phi hy b cht nhim, c bit l cht hu c,
khng c a vo k hoch ban u khi thit k nh my.
Trong nhiu trng hp, cc h thng x l hin ti ca thnh ph
khng c trang b c bn, khng mang tnh tit kim v tnh thm
m, gii quyt thch thc trn.

iu kin khc nghit

S cn thit lm sch nc nhim s dng l vn cp thit
nht ang e do cuc sng ca chng ta c khi tr thnh vn ca s
sng v ci cht. Khi xy ra thm ho thin nhin khn cp, khng
hong nhn o, cn phi cung cp nc sch nhanh chng v hiu
qu n cho nhiu ngi gim thiu cht chc v bnh tt.
Bnh vin, qun i, nh nc v cc t chc t nhn tip tc tm kim
h thng c th trin khai nhanh v phn phi thun tin cho cc h
thng c nhn lm sch nc bn tc th v lin tc.

Cc gii php sng to ca Israel

Cng ngh qut sc:
y l cng ngh t lm sch mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu bo
m mt dng chy lin tc ca nc lc ph hp vi tt c cc ng
dng lc nc.
X l nc da vo t tnh:
Mt qui trnh c ng k bn quyn ng dng trong cng nghip s
dng thanh nam chm tchcht hu c c hi nh du, cht ty
ra, ph non, ho cht nhum v kim loi nng trong nc. Quy trnh
ny sinh ra cht lng ng t tnh v k nc.
Kt bng in cc:
Mt qui trnh tng tc qui trnh nh hnh nc bng cch gii phng
in cc kim loi bng vic in tch dng ko in tch m xung.
Qui trnh ny d kin gim 15% chi ph hot ng v c th dng
x l nc thi sinh hot v th

t ph bng cng ngh hi t

Cng ngh in t c p dng
pht hin nhim trong ho hc
c p dng cho cng ngh lm
sch nc.
Cc nh khoa hc trc y lm vic
trong lnh vc y hc v thm m laze
ng dng b quyt ca mnh
pht trin cng ngh sng to lm
sch nc bng tia cc tm.

Cng ngh ang ln

Khi ngun Cng ngh nc hiu qu

Kt ng in t: Mt phng php x l tit kim chi ph ng k

loi b kim loi nng trong nc bng vic a hyrxyt kim loi
trng hp. y l phng php dng x l nc thi cng
nghip v th.
AGAR (Phn ng i km tng trng trn b mt): Mt h
thng c ng k bn quyn lm tng ng k khu vc b mt
ca vic x l lm bng vic s dng cc vt sinh khi. Qui trnh
ny c bit hiu qu v n khng i hi phi m rng c s h
tng hin c. h thng ny c p dng ch yu cho vic s l
nc thi th v cng dng x l nc thi cng nghip cha
nhiu cht hu c.
Lm sch bng tia cc tm nh: mt h thng kh trng c
ng k bn quyn trong nc chy qua mt ng thch anh c
bit tp trung tia cc tm nh qua . H thng ny to ra nc ung
c th ng dng kh trng nc thi.
Lm lng ng: Mt phng php c o lm sch nc s dng
cu trc a cht lc nc bn bng sinh hc v loi b nit v
pht pho. Nc c lm sch bng vic lng cht bn c th c
s dng trong nng nghip.
H thng trin khai nhanh: Cng ngh dng ng ph nhanh
trong trng hp thm ho do con ngi v thin nhin to ra. y
l cng ngh cho php cc chnh ph v cc t chc nhn o nhanh
chng trin khai h thng chuyn i ngay nc nhim bn thnh
nc ung c trong trng hp khn cp v th trnh lm tn tht
thm.
H thng lm sch c nhn: Mt ng dng cu
sng con ngi trong tnh trng cc k khn cp t nhng khch b
hnh b mc kt n nhng nn nhn ca thm ho.
Phn tch da vo la-de: Qui trnh tit kim nng lng v thi
gian theo di vic lm sch nc s dng cc phn tch c phn
t laze trc tuyn t cht vi kt ta n cc vt th cc cc nh nh
vi-rt.

Cng ngh ang ln

Khi ngun Cng ngh nc hiu qu

Ghi nhanh:
70% b mt tri t c nc bao
ph, nhng 97.5% li l nc mn.

Kh mn
Cng ngh kh mn xut hin nh l gii php chin lc, bn vng
v sng cn v mt kinh t trc nhu cu v nc ngy cng tng
dn n ngun ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ngy cng b thu hp.
Ngi ta d kin rng vo nm 2010, 20% lng nc tiu th ca
Israel l sn p s sn phm ca kh mn.
Kinh nghim kh mn ca Israel
Israel bt u bc vo lnh vc kh mn
bng vic pht minh cng ngh lm ng
chn khng kh mn t nhng nm 1960.
T T n nay, cc cng ty ca Israel chn s dng mt vi
cng ngh trong trong c cng ngh thm ngc khng
ngng lm tng tnh hiu qu.
N lc iu ny chng t thnh cng v ngy nay, Israel, vic
sn xut nc sinh hot t nc bin thc s l mt gii php bn
vng v s dng ngun ti ngu ti nguyn v chi ph ti nguyn sn
c.
Cu chuyn thnh cng

Nh my kh mn SWRO Ashkelon - Mt nh my ln nht, c

chi c chi ph hiu qu nht thuc loi ny trn th gii
Israel ni c nh my kh mn bng cng ngh thm ngc nc
bin (SWRO) ln nht th gii. Nh my tr gi 250 triu la ny
c t ti Ashkel Ashkelon, Israel, hng nm cung cp 100 triu
m3 nc t nc bin a trung hi.
Nh my Ashkelon c hng IDE xy dng v bo dng, cung
cp nc nc ung cht lng cao vi gi thnh khong 0,52
la/m3 chi ph thp nh thp nht i vi cc vi nh my loi ny trn
th gii.

Cng ngh kh mn ca Israel ti

Trung quc
IDE ang cung cp cho Trung quc
mt nh my kh mn ln nht nc
ny. Nh my tr gi 119 triu la
ny s cung cp 100.000 m3 nc
ung mi ngy.

Vi c Cng sut 320.,000 m3 mi ngy, nh my ang cung cp

khong 13% nhu cu v cu nc sinh hot ca Israel- 5-6% ton
b nhu cu v nc. Nh my ny l nh l l nh my u tin trong
mng li cc nh my d nh xy dc theo b bin a trung hi.
Ti l trao gii Nc Ton cu ca Hip hi Kh mn Quc t t
chc ti Dubai, nh my kh mn Ashkelon c cng nhn l
Nh my Kh mn tiu biu ca nm 2006.

An ninh nc Ngn chn mi e do mi

e do s an ton ca nc
Gi an ton cho h thng nc l mt mi quan tm ngy cng
tng trn th gii v:
lT sau nhng cuc tn cng ngy 11/9/2001, ngi ta cng nhn
thc r kh nng c th c b khng b
lNhng thm ho thin nhin lin tc v gia tng l kt qu ca
hin tng tri t nng ln trn ton cu
lKhi h thng cng ti tn v phc tp th nguy c ri ro k thut
ngy cng gia tng
S lin quan gia i sng nhn dn v kinh t trong mi
trng an ton
Mi e do tim tng t vic nhim ngun nc nhanh chng
nh hng n ton b mt khu vc v mt s ln dn c. Khi s
nhim ca nc lan ra nhanh chng c th lm nguy hi n hng
triu ngy to nn s hong loi v tn ph v mt kinh t.
Nhng ngh ca Israel
Cng ngh an ninh nc ca Israel nhm mc tiu gim kh nng
xut hin nhim. c kt kinh nghim t cc hot ng qun s
lin tc, Israel a ra cc gii php an ninh nc tng hp t
nhng dch v t vn n vic phng nga nhim v an ninh
nc ti ch x l v pht hin nc nhim.
Nghin cu an ninh nc
Cc trng i hc hng u nh Technion, i hc Hebrew, i
hc Ben Gurion Negev a c nhng d n a nng th nghim v
an ninh v an ton v nc. C hai v d nh:
li hc Hebrew l thnh vin ca Ban nghin cu v trin khai
ln th su ca Lin minh chu u vi kinh ph 25 triu Euro cho
vic nghin cu an ton nc th. Mc tiu ca vic nghin
cu tip tc n nm 2011 l theo hng gii quyt vn e do
an ninh v s c ca h thng nc th t d bo v phng
nga b ng sang ch ng.
lVin Nghin cu Nc Tng hp Technions ang tin hnh
nghin cu a ngnh do Nato ti tr lng ghp nhng m hnh
ton hc thay th cc trm gim st c th nhn din v trung
ho cc cht nhim sinh ho nh bnh than.

Nhng ni tri ca Israel

Nhng ch s kinh t
Ngun: Ngn hng Israel, B Ti chnh, IMF

Thu nhp/u ngi

(PPP, 1000 US$)

Tht nghip (%)

Lm pht %
(khng k nh ca)

Nhp khu hng ho v dch v

(T US$)

u t trc tip nc ngoi

(t US$)

ng s 1 v nghin cu v trin khai

Israel Israel u t 4,8% GDP vo cng tc nghin cu v trin khai.
Theo K yu nm 2007 ca Trung tm Cnh tranh Th gii IMD, y
l t l cao nht tr nht trn th gii.
S la La chn u tin ca cc doanh nghip dn u trn ton
cu
Microsoft, Berkshire-Hathaway, Motorola, Intel, HP, Siemens,
SamsuSamsung, GE, Philips, Lucent, AOL, Cisco, Applied Materials,
WinboWinbond, IBM v J&J, ch l mt vi v d v cc cng ty a
quc gia c cc ho hot ng chnh yu ti Israel.
Cc sng to mang li li nhun
Cng nCng ngh USB, IP Telephony, phn mm nn Zip, camra c
bng vin thuc tthuc dng theo ng tiu ho, nhn tin tc thi ICQ
v nhiu cng ngh khc c khc u l nhng t ph ca Israel.
Tinh thn v ti tr doanh nghip
Mt khi lng ln doanh nghip mi ni v cc ng k bn quyn
chng thc mi trng chp nhn ri ro ca cc doanh nhn Israel. Cc
nh nghin cu v cc nh doanh Israel vt qua nhng ro cn k
thut v gii quyt nhng vn pht trin trong mt thi gian ngn v
ch bng mt phn nh chi ph m cc i th cnh tranh nc ngoi
phi b ra.
K nng c o to cao
Khong 24% lc lng lao ng ca Israel c bng i hc, ng th
ba trong th gii cc nc cng nghip sau M v H Lan trong khi
12% lc lng lao ng c bng cp cao, (theo n phm hng nm
2006-2007 v Cnh tranh Ton cu ca Qu Mi trng Th gii
WEF). Theo Trung tm IMD, Israel ng s v t l % k s v cc nh
khoa hc trong lc lng lao ng.
N r cc cng ty mi ni v cc qu mo him cng nghip
ng th hai trn th gii v vn mo him, Israel cung cp cho cc
donah nghip ca mnh nhng h tr cn thit bin cc tng sng
to thnh cc ngnh kinh doanh c li (theo n phm hng nm 20062007 v Cnh tranh Ton cu ca Qu Mi trng Th gii WEF).
S quan tm v h tr ca chnh ph
Chnh ph Israel cp vn u t, vn nghin cu trin khai v cc
li ch v thu cng nh cc hng dn thng qua cc qu trnh u t.

Tinh thng cng ngh

c xp hng th ba trn th gii trong n phm hng nm 2006-2007 v Cnh tranh Ton cu ca Qu Mi
trng Th gii WEF, Israel cho cc cng ty a quc gia mt mi trng thch hp thc hin cc yu cu kinh
doanh cn thit nht.
Ha nhp su vo nn kinh t quc t
Israel c s lng cc cng ty ln nht nm ngoi nc M c nim yt trn th trng chng khon NASDAQ
v khong 70 cc cng ty Israel ang giao dch trn cc sn giao dch chu u.
Gii thng N ben
4 cng dn Israel c nhn gii thng N ben trong vi nm ca qua trong cc lnh vc ha hc v kinh t.
l Nh ton hc Israel Robert J. Aumann nhn gii thng N ben nm 2005 v kinh t gii thch nhng mu

thun v hp tc bng l thuyt tr chi.

l

Hai gio s Aaron Ciechanover v Avram Hershko ca hc vin Technion nhn c gii thng N ben
ha hc nm 2004 v tm ra Ubiquintin s thoi bin protein trung gian, dn n bc t ph trong vic
hiu v iu tr cc bnh nh Ung th, Alzheimer, Parkinson v bnh x nang.

l Nh tm l hc Daniel Kahneman c nhn gii N ben Kinh t 2002 trong vic lng ghp yu t tm l

vo khoa hc kinh t lin quan n vic nh gi con ngi v vic a ra quyt nh trong nhng thi im
khng chc chn .

Tng thm nhng u im

To nn mng vng chc cho ngnh cng ngh nc
Trong thp k qua, Israel ni danh nh l mt thung lng Silicon
th hai v c cng ng pht trin cng ngh cao.
T duy lun hng v pha trc ca cng ng l kt qu ca s
tng tc gia cc ngnh to nn cm cng ngh cao ca t nc.
Vn ha kinh doanh c o theo hng tip cn th trng trong
thi gian ngn, cc hot ng nghin cu v trin khai hc thut v
cng nghip ng k vi dng vn u t mo him vo, cng
ng cc doanh nghip c kinh nghim, s c mt nhiu cc cc
cng ty a quc gia, tt c gip vic xut khu ca Israel hng
vo cng ngh cao, t ti trnh pht trin cao.
Rt kinh nghim t nhng m hnh thnh cng v kinh nghim dy
dn ca t nc trong lnh vc cng ngh nc, Israel hin ang
hnh thnh mt cm tng t dnh cho ngnh cng ngh nc.
Ngnh cng nghip cng ngh nc ca Israel v cc doanh nhn
lm vic cht ch vi cc nh nghin cu, cc hc vin, cc c s
nng nghip v cc c quan chnh ph cng tm kim cc gii
php v nc. S hp tc ny l cha kha m ra s tng trng
vt bc ca ngnh cng nghip cng ngh nc Israel ln 28% so
vi s tng trng ton cu l 11%.

Vn m
cng ngh

Chnh ph
Cc doanh nhn
c kinh nghim
ln th hai

Sinh vin
tt nghip
i hc chuyn
ngnh nc

S hp tc
ca cc cng ty
a quc gia
Vn
nhn lc

Cc cng ty Cng ngh

nc Israel

Mi trng
H tr
Cng ng
Cc qu
mo him

Nhp c

Cc yu t vn ha
Tip th
th trng trong
thi gian ngn

Tinh thn
doanh nghip
T duy
Tit kim nc

Cng ngh
Hi t

Cng ngh
Quc phng

ICT
Cng ngh
KH i sng

Vn mo him
Su qu mo him trong lnh vc thy li v lm sch nc tng
ln trn 300 triu la nm 2007. V ngnh cng ngh nc tr
nn c li nn cc qu dnh cho ngnh nc v cng ngh lm sch
xut hin trong nc. Qu mo him h tr cho ngnh cng
nghip v khuyn khch cc cng ty mi ni bng nhng kinh
nghim chuyn mn v lm li trin khai.
S n r ca cc cng ty cng nghn nc tin tin mi
Bng chng cho s tng trng nhanh chng ca ngnh cng
nghip l con s gia tng ca cc cng ty mi v cng ngh nc.
n nay, trn 70 cc cng ty ca Israel tp trung vo cc lnh vc t
lm sch nc n an ninh nc, t qun l nc n cc gii php
ti tiu.
Cc vin nghin cu ng cp quc t nhm vo pht trin
cng ngh
Cc trng i hc ca Israel c truyn thng dnh ngun ngn
sch chnh cho vic nghin cu v trin khai nhng cng ngh lm
nhng kh khn do ngun nc hn ch ca Israel.
B mn khoa hc Th nhng v Thy li ca trng Khoa
Nng nghip i hc Hebrew Rehovot cung cp nhng
tng v gi cho vic pht trin nng nghip ca Israel trong cc
lnh vc nh ti nh git v s dng hiu qu ngun nc l.
Vin Nghin cu Thy li Zuckerberg ca trng i hc BenGurion Negev tp trung vo tt c cc lnh vc nghin cu v
cng ngh nc t vic sn xut nc ngm, cc cng ngh kh
mn n vic x l nc thi. c bit tp trung vo vic nghin
cu ngun nc nhng vng kh hu kh cn.
Vin Nghin cu Tng hp ca trng i hc Technion
Haifa tp trung vo cc nghin cu a ngnh v khoa hc tin tin,
k thut v qun l nc.

Tng thm nhng u im

Vm m cng ngh hng vo ngnh nc
H thng cc vm m cng ngh tin tin v c o ca Israel
cung cp mt hnh lang kinh doanh thng mi cc doanh nhn,
cc nh khoa hc c th chuyn tng, kin thc v kinh nghim
thnh nhng cng ngh mang li li nhun sng cn h tr cho cc
doanh nghip v thc y s mnh ca cc cng ty cng ngh nc
mi ni.
lVn m cng ngh Inarot thung lng Jordan do mt nh u
t nc ngoi mua li v s hu chuyn v cc cng ngh nc.
lVn m cng ngh Ashkelon (ATI) duy tr mt b phn chuyn
v mi trng v cng ngh nc. Vn m ny hin tham gia
vo tm d n mi.
Sc mnh ca a ngnh v hi t
V tnh phc tp v a ngnh ca cng ngh nc, mun thnh cng
i hi cng ngh pht trin trong cc lnh vc khc trong c
khoa hc nao, sinh hc vi in t v an nhinh. S lin kt cc ngnh
cng nghip ca Israel bao gm cc chuyn gia cng nghip quc
phng truyn kinh nghim pht trin an ton hn cho ngun v
kt cu thnh phn ca nc, cc nh khoa hc trong lnh vc y hc
v la-de thm m p dng cng ngh ca h lm sch nc v
cng ngh in t c hi t thnh cng ngh nc ci tin k
thut lc nc.
Cc yu t vn ha
Lc lng lao ng ca Israel c bit cnh tranh v h mang trong
mnh tinh thn doanh nghip v ti tr khc ngi lun xn tay vo
cng vic mt cch c hiu qu v khng n h. S kt hp gia vn
ha, kinh nghim v sng to to nn mt h thng lm vic mm
do cho php thch nghi cao trong khi vn a vo nhng cng ngh
t ph v cc gii php tip cn th trng nhanh. Mi trng kinh
doanh ny kt hp vi tp qun lm n ca Israel tit kim nc
v cung cp c hiu qu bng vic to ra nhng pht minh n gin
lm thay i cuc sng nh ti nh git hay mi trng ti u
pht trin cc gii php sng to v kp thi.

Cng ngh mi ca Israel - Nhng cng ngh mi x l

nc hiu qu
Chng trnh quc gia thc y ngnh cng ngh nc
Nhn bit kh nng ca Israel trong vic dn u trong th trng
cng ngh nc quc t ang ngy cng ln mnh, chnh ph thit
k mt chng trnh quc gia c o, c chnh thc ho thng
6/2006. Cng ngh mi ca Israel xy dng trn nhng kinh nghim
do phi ng u vi cc vn v khan him nc, hp nht tt c
cc ngnh cng nghip ring l tin n ngnh mang ng cp
quc t. Chnh ph Israel u t ln vo chng trnh v phn
b ngun lc tng cng nn tng cng ngh nc v thc y kh
nng trn ton th gii.
Mc tiu cng ngh mi ca Israel:
Tng xut khu ca Israel: n nm 2010, Israel d nh s tng
gp i xut khu trong lnh vc cng ngh nc.
Tng cng u t quc t: Sn c gc hng u t quc t trong
ngnh cng ngh cao, Israel nhm vo mi quan tm a quc gia v
cc hot ng u t ca chnh ph nc ngoi trong khu vc cng
ngh nc.
Thc y nghin cu v trin khai cng ngh nc: Thng qua
nhng hp tc quc t Israel d nh s rng hn na lnh vc
nghin cu v trin khai cng ngh nc.

Chin lc cng ngh mi ca Israel:

Tng cng vn nhn lc: u t mnh vo cc chng trnh hc
thut, o to chuyn ngnh tin tin v s thng tho cc cng ty
mi ni l cng c duy tr chuyn mn cht lng v hc vn cao
trong lnh vc ny.
Nghin cu trin khai tp trung: Ngn sch ng k c phn b
thc y nhng nghin cu hc thut c ng dng cng nghip
trong ngnh nc v nhng vm m cng ngh dnh cho cng
ngh nc cao cp.
Thc y vic thc hin cng ngh: Hng triu la c phn b
bin Israel thnh cng trng quc t bng vic khuyn khch
nhng sng to cng ngh v p dng trong th trng trong nc.
Tip th kh nng ca Israel trn th gii: Nhn mnh vo vic tip
th ngnh cng ngh nc ca Israel v kh nng trn th trng ton
cu: thnh lp mi lin h vi cc i tc tim nng nc ngoi, thc
y tuyn truyn bo ch trn ton cu, tham gia vo cc s kin lin
quan n vn nc, to ra cc phong tro cho ngnh nc Israel v
b dng c tip th s dng cho ton ngnh.

Nhng thnh t ban u ca

cng ngh mi Israel:
T khi khi xng, chng trnh
c nhng thnh qua r nt. Cc tha
thun hp tc v i tc c
thit lp vi:
lChnh ph Trung quc thng qua

C quan Qun l nc Bc kinh

lVi Chnh ph c thng qua C

quan Nc Melbourne
lVi Chnh ph Ac-hen-ti-na qua

C quan Nc Buenos Aires

lVi Chnh ph Ty ban nha thng

qua C quan Nc Madrid

Nhng doanh nghip dn u quc t

trong th trng cng ngh nc nh
Veolia, GE, Siemens, Coca-Cola, 3M,
Jain Irrigation nhn ra Israel l i
tc chin lc cho u t v hp tc.

ng ng chnh
Dch v chuyn nghip

Ngun nc

K thut
T vn v lp k hoch
An ton nc

Phn b ngun nc

Kh mn

Kim sot v iu khin

H tng c s
Van
Tch hp h thng

Dch v chuyn nghip

Ngun ti nguyn

Ti s dng nc thi

Nghin cu v pht trin

i hc Bar Ilan
i hc Ben Gurion ca Negev
i hc Hebrew ca Jerusalem
Vin cng ngh Technion
i hc Tel Aviv

Nng nghip

Cng nghip

Chnh quyn thnh ph

Cc h s dng

NGNH CNG NGH NC ISRAEL 2008

NGI S DNG

t nc nh b
nh hng ln lao
Ha hn khn cng

Thng tin thm, xin lin h

website: www.israelnewtech.gov.il
email: moria.porat@moital.gov.il
Cng ngh mi ca Israel c dn dt bi:
B Cng thng v Lao ng, Cc Ngoi thng - Trung tm Xc tin u t
Cc thnh vin:
Vn phng th tng| B Ti chnh | B Ngoi giao | B C s H tng |
B Bo v Mi trng|B Khoa hc, Vn ha v Th thao|C quan Qun l Nc|Tng Cng ty Cp thoi nc
| Hi ng Gio dc i hc | Vin Xut khu v Hp tc Quc t | B Cng thng v Lao ng:
| Vn phng Khoa hc trng | Vin Tiu chun Israel | C quan Hp tc Cng nghip |
| Tng Cng ty Bo him Xut khu Israel- ASHRA - | Cc K hoch Kinh t | Cc Cng nghip Kin