LaunchingtheNewShipoftheState

17891800

GrowingPains
Whatwerethegrowingpains?
populationdoublingaboutevery25years
90%livedinruralareas
95%livedeastofAppalachians
WashingtonforPresident
WhywasWashingtonpickedforpresident?
unanimouslydraftedbyElectoralCollegein1789
commandedwithstrengthofcharacternotartsofpolitician
oathofofficeApril30,1789
establishedthecabinet
TheBillofRights
WhenweretheBillofRightscreatedandwhy?
antifederalistscriticizedconstitutionforfailuretoguaranteeindividualrights
amendmentstoConstitutionproposedbyofstatesrequestingorvoteof
bothhousesofCongress
BillofRightsadoptedin1791
10amendmentstotheconstitution
safeguardedAmerica'smostpreciousprinciples
Madisonconstructedthe9thamendmenttoprotectamendmentsnotdirectly
stated
JudiciaryActof1789
createdeffectivefederalcourts
organizedSupremeCourtwithchiefjusticeand5associates
HamiltonRevivestheCorpseofPublicCredit
HowdoesHamiltonrevivethecorpseofpubliccredit?
wantedtorigthefiscalpoliciestofavorwealthierclasses
wantedtobolsternationalcreditandhaveCongressfundentirenationaldebt
hismeasurepassedin1790
wantedCongresstoassumedebtsofallthestatesaswell
stateswithbigdebtslikedthiswhilestateswithsmalldebtsdidnt
VAonlyagreedtoitwhenCongressagreedtohavethefederaldistrict
(D.C.)onthePotomacriver
bargainmade1790
CustomsDutiesandExciseTaxes
Whatwerethecustomsdutiesandexcisetaxes?
Hamiltonthoughtthatanationaldebtwouldbeanationalblessing
moneytopayfordebtfromcustomsdutiesderivedfromtariffsthatdependedon
foreigntrade
firsttariffpassedbyCongressin1789

HamiltonwantedtoseeIndustrialRevolutionreachAmerica
wantedmoreprotectionforsmallmanufacturinggroups
Congresspassedexcisetaxin1791
taxedwhiskeyfor7centsagallon
HamiltonBattlesJeffersonforaBank
WhydidHamiltonbattleJeffersonforabank?
HamiltonproposedabankfortheUnitedStates
modeledaftertheBankofEngland
govmajorstockholderandfederaltreasurywoulddeposititssurplus
money
bankwouldalsoprintpapermoneyandprovidestablecurrency
Jeffersonopposedidea
nospecificauthorizationintheConstitutionforthistypeofbank
thoughtallpowersnotstatedinConstitutionwouldbemattersofeach
state
HamiltonsaidthatwhattheConstitutiondidnotforbiditpermitted
commercialandfinancialcentersoftheNorthfavoredthisideawhilethe
agriculturalSouthhatedit
BankofUnitedStatescreatedbyCongressin1791
MutinousMoonshinersinPennsylvania
WhowerethemutinousmoonshinersinPennsylvania?
WhiskeyRebellionsouthwesternPA1794
libertyandnoexcise
tarredandfeatheredrevenueofficers
WashingtonsummonedthemilitiasofseveralstatesandtheymarchedtoPA
whentheyfinallyarrivedthecrisiswasover
Washingtonsgovnowshoweditdemandedrespect
TheEmergenceofPoliticalParties
Whatcamefromtheemergenceofpoliticalparties?
Hamiltonsfinancialsuccessescreatedpoliticalliabilities
foundersatPAdidntenvisionexistenceofpermanentpoliticalparties
JeffersonandMadisonorganizedtheiroppositionHamiltonianprogramand
newspapersspreadpoliticalmessageandthatofHamilton
semblancesofpoliticalpartiesbegantoemerge
twopartysystemhasexistedeversinceandhelpstokeepsounddemocracy
ImpactoftheFrenchRevolution
WhatwastheimpactoftheFrenchrevolution?
shortlyafterWashingtonsinaugurationin1789firstactofFrenchrevolution
FrancedeclaredwaronAustriain1792
kingbeheadedin1793,churchattackedandheadrollingreignofterrorbegan
BritainenteredthewarandtheNewWorldwassoonaffected

WashingtonsNeutralityProclamation
WhatwasWashingtonsNeutralityProclamation?
feltthatenteringthewaralongsideFrancewouldonlyhurttheyoungnation
NeutralityProclamationin1793
claimedgovofficialneutralityandwarnedcitizenstobewaryofarmed
camps
FrenchemissarycameandtriedtorecruittroopstofightinSpanishFloridaand
Louisiana
moreusefultoFranceneutralbecausetheycouldstillimportfoodstuffstothe
WestIndies
EmbroilmentswithBritain
WhatweretheembroilmentswithBritain?
Britain'sretainingoffurtradeinAmericancolonieswasagainstthepeacetreaty
setupindianbufferstatesbetweenthemandamericans
gaveupontheindiansinBattleofFallenTimberssotheylookedtothecolonists
forpeacetreatTreatyofGreenvilleAug1795
Britainattackedamericaeventhoughtheytriedtoremainneutral
JaysTreatyandWashingtonsFarewell
WhatwereJaystreatyandWashingtonsfarewell?
WashingtonsentChiefJusticeJohnJaytoLondonin1794
JaystreatywasbasicallysurrenderingtoBritainandthecolonistswerenot
amused
SpainmovedtosecureatreatyfromAmericabecauseitfearedBritain
PinckneysTreatyof1795gaveAmericanseverythingtheywantedfromthe
Spanish
Washingtondecidedtoretireafterhissecondterm
JohnAdamsBecomesPresident
WhydidJohnAdamsbecomePresident?
WashingtonsVP
ranagainstThomasJeffersonwhobecamehisVP
didnotgetalongwitheachother
UnofficialFightingWithFrance
WhywasthereunofficialfightingwithFrance?
FrenchinfuriatedbyJaystreaty
sawitasviolationoftheFrancoAmericanTreatyof1778
begantoseizeAmericanmerchantvessels
XYZAffairFrenchtribeswanted$250,000justfortheAmericanstotalkto
Talleyrand
twoyearsofunofficialfightingbegan
AdamsPutsPatriotismAboveParty
WhydidAdamsputPatriotismaboveparty?
FrancedidntwantwarwithAmerica
newenvoyswenttodiscusspeacewithNapoleonBonaparte

Conventionof1800annultheirpastalliance
setstageforpurchaseofLouisianain1803
TheFederalistWitchHunt
WhatwastheFederalistwitchhunt?
AlienLaws
raisedresidencerequirementsforU.S.citizenshipfrom5to14years
SeditionActanyonewhoimpededthepoliciesofgovorfalselydeframedits
officialswouldbeliabletoaheavyfineandimprisonment
directconflictwithConstitution
TheVirginia(Madison)andKentucky(Jefferson)Resolutions
WhatweretheVirginiaandKentuckyResolutions?
fearedAlienandSeditionActsandproposedresolutionsadoptedin1798and
1799
13coloniesasfoundersofthenationgottodecidewhethertheactswere
oversteppingboundariessetupbyConstitution
FederalistsVersusDemocraticRepublicans
WhatdidtheFederalistsandDemocraticRepublicansdisagreeupon?
Federalists
thoughtthatthosewhoownthecountryshouldgovernit
wantedastrongcentralgovpowerfulenoughtocrushoppositionlike
ShaysRebellion
govsupportpublicenterprisebutnotinterferewithit
DemocraticRepublicans
leadbyThomasJefferson
poorergroupsofpeoplewhodidhardwork
Jeffersonwasupperclassbutfeltsympathyforlowerclasses
weakcentralgovwithmorepowertostates
nospecialpowertohigherclasses
Federalistslookedeastforforeignhelpandtrade
RepublicanslookedwestandtotheFrench

WhiskeyRebellion
showedfederalgovwasstrongenoughtobattletherebellion
ShaysRebellioncontrastsbecause

FederalNewGov
Republic
Confederation
ArticlesofConfederation
Statesruleabovecentral
Constitution
tiredtohavestateandcentralruleequal

Now
Federalthenstatethenlocal
ElectoralCollege
statescotesbasedinHouse+Senate
435inHouseofRepresentatives(435becausethatshowmanytherewereafter
1910beforeAppointmentActof1911)
Constitution
Article1
LegislativeBranch
makeslaws
Article2
ExecutiveBranch
executeslaws
Article3
JudicialBranch
interpretslaws
BankofUnitedStates
HamiltonSecretaryofState
createwealth
loans
interest
createdwealthforthewealthy
investmentgrowth,jobs,taxes
washingtonneededanargumentfromHamiltonforwhy
Hamiltoncreatedtheelasticclauseimpliedpower
EconomicInterpretationoftheConstitution
createdfortheeconomicgainofthefounders
Foundingfathersnotforpoliticalparties
countryistooweaksoitwouldsplit
factionswouldsplitnorthandsouthandalsobigandsmallstates