VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT: Heat and Mass IV 7 SUBJECT CODE: EHCIY4A 2 TEST PAPER 1: MARK 60: DURATION: 1H30: DATE: 03/09/2008 Examiners: Peter Osifo Nt Question 1 Mks 15 Glycerine at 10°C enters a S-mm-diameter tube at a flow rate of 0,4 nvs. If the tube wall temperature is maintained at 40°C, calculate the outlet temperature of a 4-m-long tube. Neglect the effects of natural convection on the heat transfer coefficient, ye Be ‘Thermophysical properties of glycerine: [At flow temperature | At wall temperature Density (kg/m’) ce 1264 1252 Specific Heat (J/kg.K) 2390 | 2510 Ly ‘Thermal Conductivity (Wim.K) 0,286 0,286 h Viscosity (kg.m/s) 0.00149 0.000279 ‘ Question 2 Mks 30 A concentric tube heat exchanger is to be used to heat water from 40 to 60 °C at a flow rate of 0.5 gis. The water flows through the inner tube (D; = 26.6 mm, Do = 33.4 mm, km =45 W/mK), while hot process liquid solution entering at 95°C flows in the annulus formed with the outer tube (Discke:= 60 mm). If the liquid solution exits the heat exchanger at 65 °C, what is the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient for this heat exchanger? How long must the heat exchanger be to achieve the desired outlet temperature? The properties of the fluids are: Water Liquid solution [Density (kg/m’) : 982 967 Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) 0.643 0.673 Viscosity (Pas) 548 x 10° 324 x 10° ‘Specific Heat (J/kg.K) 4180 4300 | Question 3 Mks 15 A very long, wide sheet of plastic 4 mm thick and initially at 20 °C is suddenly exposed on both sides to an atmosphere of stream at 102°C. (a) If there is negligible thermal resistance between the stream and the surfaces of the plastic, how long will it take for the temperature at the centreline of the sheet to change significantly? (b) What would be the bulk average temperature of the plastic at this time? For the plastic, k =. 138 W/m.oC and a = 0.00035 ni‘/h.FIGURE 103, Change wi ime of te sven resin FIGURE 10.10 a eeCe le T fey, Ev VAAL TRIANGLE TECHNIKON DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT: Heat & mass transfer 1V SUBJECT CODE: EHCIZ4A = DATE: 08/10/2004 ‘TEST PAPER 2 DURATION 1140 MARK 49 Examiners: Peter Osifo ‘Question 1 Marks 10 ot? wv ‘A cooling coil, consisting of a single length of tubing through which water is circulated, is provided in a reaction vessel, The contents of the reaction vessel are kept at a uniform temperature of 87°C by means of a stirrer. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling water are 15 °C and 47°C respectively. The specific heat of water is 4.18 keg oC. Ite overall heat transl. cqaffieient-and.the mass flow rate on the waterside remains the same, what would the outlet water temperature become iF i the ength ofthe cooling coil were increased 4 times the original length? Question 2 Marks 30 A double pipe heat exchanger is used to cool light hydrocarbon oil using water. The oil flows in the inner pipe of the exchanger of diameler 22.2-mm and water flows counter currently on the outside jacketed pipe having a diameter of 38°41 mm, ‘The Bicknes of the inner pipe diameter is 3.0-mm. ‘The temperature of the oil is eooled ftom 70.2 to 23.1°C and the cooling water temperature risg.ftom 20 tage. The average velocity of the cil iss}. Deter the temperature ofthe wall ofthe pipe and overall coeficent based = Us (@eke pases oF the inner pil in2\ The properties of the fluid materials are given in the J Table Q2. Note: a detail work is needed with all reasonable assumption that will affects 377 your calculation, taking viscosity correction factors into consideration. ret FableQ2 ts . fluid temperature _Property. Pet eae Water : Density, p, Kym 1000 -Eeterery re ; LA Viscosity, 1, eP bbs 10 -aa\j) \ Thermal conductivity, x, Sey 0.58 2 i Specific heat, la eck. 4184-—— . Soest hea caus 2 7) i Oe 5. 8 Boge | different temperature a AS an fe" oil See 0 or oil on os hO Viscosity, 1, ¢P (20°C) “Uh a0 Dros” * Re Water : i BM Fame Cpa xticnson we? 02.29 Ay bose aa : SH) Coy kVAAL TRIANGLE TECHNIKON DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT: Heat & mass transfer IV SUBJECT CODE: EHCIZ44, DATE: 02/11/2004 TEST PAPER 3 DURATION 1820 MARK 50. Examiners: Peter Osifo Question 1 Ms [29] = = What are the advantages of using 2-4 exchangers over 1-2 exchangers B) Liquor from a brewery maturation kettle is to be heated from 7 to 32 °C before pasteurization, by a heat exchanger using a condensing product liquid from the boiler house. The liquid from the boiler house is flowing at $000 kg/h andthe temperature drop from 100 to 64°C, The liquor is flowing at 114000 kg/h through a %in. OD, BWG. ~14, 12 ft long tubes arranged on a T-in.-square pitch and supported by baifles with a 25% cut, space 1-ft intervals. The thermal conductivity of the tube material of construction is kw= 44 W/m-°C, The shell side diameter of the exchanger is 25-i: having one pass on the shell side and two passes on the tube side and the shell containing 284 tubes Calculate the shel! and the tube sides transfer coefficients, the overall transfer coefficient and the heat transfer through the pipe wall taking the temperature correction factors into considerations. ‘Table Q1 (Note: put.the condensed liquid product in the shell side) [Property of the condensed liquid Property of liquor Viscosity, H, P 12 Viscosity, H, cP 29 ‘Thermal conductivity, K, Wms°C 0.159 _| Thermal conductivity, k, 0.160 Wows°C Specific heat, cy, /g°C 4.184 Specific heat, c, We°C. 3.52, foe © [ES [26]Wk Tigoueny Assignment 1) Mass trensfer experiments have been conducted on a naphthalene cylinder of 18,4 mm diameter and 88,9 mm length subjected to a cross-flow of air in a low-speed wind tunnel. After exposure for 39 minutes to an airstream at a temperature of 26°C and a velocity of 8 m/s, it was determined that the cylinder mass decreased by 0,21 g. The atmospheric pressure was determined to be 100 kPa, ‘The saturation pressure of naphthalene vapour in equilibrium with solid naphthalene is given by: P. =Pxigssrseir Z a pyran —t T= temperature in K P= pressure in Pa : Naphthalene has a molecular weight of 128 g/mol. 1 Determine the convection mass transfer coefficient based on experimental results. 2 Compare this result with an estimate from a suitable correlation for the prescribed flow conditions Properties of air at 26°C: p = 1,16 kg/m’; v= 0,0185 mPa.s; k= 0,0263 Win.K; (Cp = 1007 Jkg.K; Drieptatene, air = 6,2 * 10° m/s, @-DN2% 2) To maintain a pressure close to { atm, an industrial pipelifie containing ammonia gas is vented to ambient air. Venting is achieved by tapping the pipe and inserting a 3-mm diameter tube, which extends for 20 m into the atmosphere. With the entire system operating at 25°C, determine the mass rate of ammonia lost to the atmosphere and the mass rate of contamination of pipe with air. What is the mass fraction of air in the pipe when the ammonia flow rate is 5 kg/h? = 7 Properties: Dyas.air™ 0.28% 10 m°/s, Ma =29 g/mol, Muys= 17 g/mol. 3) Air at I atm and 27°C is passed through a shallow bed Of naphthalene spheres, 12 mm in diameter at a rate of 2 mis, based on the empty-crass-section of the bed. The-vapour pressure of naphthalene is-266.Pa. How many } kilograms per hour of naphthalene will evaporate froni1 m‘of bed, essuming a bed Porosity 0.403} | Properties: Drasiair = 0,62* 10" m?/s, Mar = 29 g/mol, Muay = 128 g/mol; = y= 1,18 kg/m’, py 1,85 x 10° Pas , Cpy= 1006 Ihkg.K, Je y= 0,0262 Wim.K Volume of sphere: 7 = ‘Surface area of sphere: A= aD* —VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT: HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IV : SUBJECT CODE: EHCIY4A 21/9/2006 TEST PAPER 1: MARK 50: DURATION: 120: DAT! Examiners: Peter Osifo Question 1 [10] Water at 30°C flowing at 200kg/min is to be used to cool liquid hydrocarbon from 85 to 45 °C. The flow rate of the liquid hydrocarbon is 300 kg/min and the film coefficient of the hydrocarbon outside the tube is 1100 Wim2.°C. ‘The coefficient (Fy) ‘on the water side, including foiling factors; is 11000 Wim?.°C. Negiccting the wall | resistance, settee (a) What area of the tube is needed for counter current flow exchanger? (b) By what factor would the area be incre rapid initial cooling of the carbon tetrachl Table Qt: Average fluid property Water ‘Hydrocarbon Specific heat, cp, gC 42 | Specific heat, ¢», JC 09 Question 2.228) : A stanilard(1-in, Schedule lagged (insulated) with-a’5 mm layer of cork. temperature of th 5 agra 0.6 and forthe cork steel pipe carries saturated steam at 150°C. The pipe is im. layer of magnesia, and outside this magnesia is a 15 de fernperature of the pipe wall 4s 150°C, and the outside is 30°C. The thermal conductivities, in. Wim-"C . Calculate: (a) the heat loss from the pipe in W/m; ) the temperature at the boundary between the agnosis TRTTICR (©) the cost of insulation with magnesia is R45. additional cost of adding magnesia if the heat loss, Question 3. [15] Te. ‘ | le O - lL ey | Dry.chitosan beads of 4.mm in size and at 90°C is cooled in a/fluidized bed.Where the .__- air temperature is 32 °C. The density of the solid is 1100°kg.m‘, and the thermal conductivity is 0.11 WinC, and the specific heat is 1500 1eg."C. ‘The extemal heat \O transfer coefficient is 60 Wim?.°C z a =1 {a) How long will it take for the average solid temperature to reach 38°C ~. _ ) What fraction of the resistance to heat transfer.is in the external fim’ | Fae eee 7 Soe aang /oeeeeeeeEeEee eee : “y4 |CORRELLATIONS SHEET Transient Condueti At low Biot numbers Spheres, U =h Long cylinder, U =A Flat plate, U =A vermat Figure 1: Change with tne of the average temperature Of @ sphere, Witt resistanceAPPENDIX 3 ROTOR Dimensions, Capacities, and Weights of Standard Steel Pipe* Sree eePeSEEC oo aed eaa rSerRSeeeeeeree et Capacity at font Cireumterence, [Nominal Outside at — aside area of Inide | oramrfac, 1 We ine dlametr, Scheele tikness, dame, cal, secoal often — sentn ty nit tn area tt” Outside Tnsde galfain i 9405 300088269 O01? 00m 0106 aows DIT8 8000902150055 000015 0.106 ans O13 4 oso 4006s 0364 0425 aac? ast 00s O23 s 019032187 Cos Gist a0 O04 1 oes 49 ost oss 7. coaiss 0177 29 0396 126 40217 eeose 0x77 on aaa $ es 40 a0 owt 0280 amet 0220 0163 ass 8 © a147 "0346 0320 oam16s 020 0143 O00 {tes 40 ota osm a3 00st ozs 0216 1688 #0 01S 720433 aos00 0375 ow 14s 1S gue oie, am como oss Or 250 Ty THF 857 oa ons 30a 0250 2340 L680 Hy 401380 ss OOO 0485 0361457 wo” 0191128 Gast one 0435 Os 399 4s 40 aus 610 agc0 anisis 0487 9421 ae 8 02001500 Loe oozes 0497 0383 $49 2281S 4st 2067 Lone nas0 e541 anas Te 2 O28 4939 bar? ponns0 o's 0368 9.20 ss 40 2324s) onssez 7s Ob? L402 8 oz 2am 2254 anne O753 Osc L229 33800 40 02t6 3068 2.28 05150 816 0803 2300 0 0300 2500 © 3016 anise? ast 059 2038 A Ao 40 a6 35H 2680 0687 ot? 0929 3080 80 0318 3.364 3678 06170 L047 OBB! 2770 44s 40037 4006 3.17 casio. L178 1056 396 © oss ame st oom LTB Lom asa 5 $568 0288 S047 430 onto ass 321 aad moss aes tt anes 1456 1200577 © 662s 400m nus 58 02006 IH 1sH8 900 04578) AMO atl 193 1308 Bh £ eer 4232798386 O3em4 2358 2089 1587 % 0s 2425 216 031 2258 1986 12s 10 tors ees t6020 9s ons Date 25m 2460 8 04 55m 1895 ager 2sie 2500 284 somes eae shams asm Ia 300 80 oss isd 2607 a7oss 3.388 29 3167 ‘Based or ANSI 896101959 by pemsion of ASME 1068 APPENDIX 4 ee Condenser ani Tube Datat veloc Water, ny ws 565 031 WIS oe 20 054 280 057 200 om amp sso aes ons iis 119 2285 99s 30 248 ms Pipe inh, i 024 9 rm 18 i ia 1782 030 ares: oss ‘Condensed by permission, fm J. ery (ed, ‘MeCiaw-Fil Book Compary, New York "Bor tea for copys mally by 1.4; fo bs,