Harun Kiani

APES CHP.18 Outline

2/16/15

I. Chapter 18
A. Habitat loss
1. Deforestation for agriculture, making roads, or homes.
2. Terrestrial and marine: Human impacts such as global warming and
pollution
3. Effects of reduced habitat sizes
a. A species may decline in abundance or become extinct
even without complete
habitat destruction.
b. Smaller habitats can also cause increased interactions
among harmful species.
B. Alien species
1. Native species are species that live in their historical range,
typically where they have lived for thousands of years. Alien species(exotic),
are species that live outside their historical range.
2. Examples of how alien species are transported.
a. Humans purposely moved animals from place to place.
b. Accidentally when animals move into shipping containers
or ships.
3. Invasive species- when alien species spread rapidly across large
areas.
a. Kudzu
b. Zebra mussel
c. Silver carp
C. Overharvesting
1. A species is overharvested when individuals are removed at a
faster rate than the
population can replace them.
2. Examples
a. American bison
b. Passenger pigeon
3. Lacey Act-prohibited the transport of illegally harvested game
animals.
4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora
a. Red List- threatened species
D. Pollution
1. Containment can kill organisms or do non lethal effects such as
preventing reproduction
E. Climate change
1. In some regions a species may adapt to changing climate, but
others cannot.
F. Conservation Legislation
1. CITIES- authorizes the U.S. Fisha nd Wildlife Service to determine
which species can be listed as threatened or endangered and prohibits the
harming of such species.

2. ESA(Endangered Species Act)- restricts certain human activites in

areas where listed species live.
G. Biosphere Reserves
1. Are protected areas consisting of zones that vary in the
amount of permissible human impact.

Chapter Review:
1. e
2. b
3. e
4. d
5. a
6. c
7.b
8.d
9. a
10.b