HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

---------------------------------------

m V Dn
NGHIN CU GII PHP NNG CAO HIU
QU S DNG TI NGUYN MNG LI 2G-3G

Chuyn ngnh: K thut in t

M s: 60.52.70

TM TT LUN VN THC S

H NI -2012

Lun vn c hon thnh ti:

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Ngi hng dn khoa hc : PGS. TS. L HU LP

Phn bin 1:

Phn bin 2:

Lun vn s c bo v trc Hi ng chm lun vn thc

s ti Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng
Vo lc :. gi . ngy . thng . nm 2012

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

- Th vin ca Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng

24

KIN NGH CC HNG NGHIN CU TIP THEO

Qua vic phn tch v tnh ton cng nh nh gi kt qu s
b ban u v gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng
li bng MIP, nhn thy nhng u im ca gii php ny, cc hng
nghin cu tip theo c th c kin ngh nh sau:
1. M rng nghin cu tnh ton khng ch nng cao hiu
qu s dng ti nguyn mng li phn chuyn mch knh
CS m cn c cho phn chuyn mch gi PS.
2. Trin khai v tnh ton gii php MIP cho ton b mng
Vietnamobile thay v xut 3 vng Pool nh trong lun
vn.
3. Tnh ton chi tit thm mt s KPI c ci thin vi
gii php MIP nh s lng HO, t l rt cuc gi do
HO khng thnh cng,

M U
Ngy nay vi s pht trin vt bc ca khoa hc cng ngh,
thng tin di ng tr thnh mt phn khng th thiu ca cuc
sng. S thay i nhanh chng t mng di ng 2G ln 3G v 4GLTE i km vi s bng n v s lng cc thu bao s dng dch v
di ng trong cc nm gn y. Trc nhng thay i t bin nh
vy, vn s dng ti nguyn hin ti ca mng li mt cch ti u
nhm gim chi ph u t, tng doanh thu v ang l mt bi ton
t ra cho cc nh iu hnh mng trn th gii ni chung v Vit
Nam ni ring.
Trn c s cng vi s hng dn ca thy L Hu Lp,
ti tm hiu, nghin cu v hon thnh lun vn tt nghip vi
ti Nghin cu gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn
mng li 2G-3G. Ni dung ca lun vn c t chc thnh 3
chng chnh, bao gm:
Chng 1 gii thiu v mng li 2G, 3G v vn s dng ti
nguyn trong mng li di ng. Chng ny a ra kin trc mng
li vi cc node, phn lp mng li v cc giao thc min chuyn
mch knh cng vn ti nguyn trong mng li.
Chng 2 tp trung vo c s l thuyt ca gii php nng cao
hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li trn c s nghin cu v l
thuyt lu lng, m hnh lu lng v gii php nng cao hiu qu
s dng ti nguyn mng li trong 3GPP TS 23.236.
Chng 3 xut gii php v tnh ton nng cao hiu qu s
dng ti nguyn mng li chuyn mch knh 2G-3G cho mng
Vietnmobile v nh gi kt qu t c vi hin trng s dng ti
nguyn trong mng.

23

Chng 1
MNG LI 2G, 3G V VN S DNG TI NGUYN
Chng ny tp trung gii thiu v kin trc mng li di
ng ca mng 2G-3G, m hnh phn lp v c bit l phn mng
li chuyn mch knh v cc giao thc s dng trong n. Vn ti
nguyn v vn hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong mng li CS
cng c gii thiu v cp.
Trong kin trc mng hin i, vic trin khai mng c th
c phn loi mt cch tng i l tch hp theo chiu dc hoc
theo chiu ngang.
Trong tn ti ngy nay c nhiu mng c c th c m t
l "tch hp theo chiu dc". Mng tch hp theo chiu dc c ti
u ha cho mt loi dch v c th v thng cung cp mt dch v

KT LUN
Vi mc tiu nghin cu gii php nng cao hiu qu s
dng ti nguyn mng li 2G-3G v ng dng vo trin khai trn
mng Vietnamobile. Lun vn hon thnh cc ni dung sau:
Trnh by v vn s dng ti nguyn mng li 2G-3G,
nghin cu c s l thuyt ca gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng
ti nguyn mng li: l thuyt v lu lng, m hnh lu lng, gii
php MSC in Pool (MIP) theo m t ca 3GPP TS 23.236.
T vic phn tch tm hiu trn, ti tp trung vo ng dng
v tnh ton cho mng Vietnamobile nhm nng cao hiu qu s
dng ti nguyn mng li phn chuyn mch knh CS. Da trn hin

duy nht, hoc thit lp mt lot cc dch v lin quan nhau. PSTN
v PLMN l nhng v d ca cc mng tch hp theo chiu dc.

trng ti nguyn ca mng Vietnamobile v kt qu ca tnh ton, vi

S hi t nhanh chng ca cng ngh vin thng v Datacom

dn n s tch hp ca cc mng dc vo cc mng a dch v

s dng ti nguyn mng li:

gii php MIP t c hai mc tiu trong vic ci thin hiu qu

cung cp truyn thng thi gian thc v cc loi dch v khc mt

cch ng tin cy.

c chia u, s dng mt cch hp l, trnh c

tnh trng nghn cc b mt s MSC-S trong gi

n gin ha thit k mng li v cho php nng cp d

dng khi cc cng ngh mi c thng mi ha, mng chuyn
mch mm - softswitch m ra mt cch tip cn phn lp. Theo thit
k ca mng phn lp v cung cp cc giao din chun m, mi phn
ca mng c th tin trin theo tc ring ca mnh c lp vi
nhng thay i trong cc phn khc ca mng.
Cc mng c thit k trn nguyn tc phn lp nh trn
c m t nh l "mng tch hp theo chiu ngang ". Tt c cc

Ti x l CPU ca cc MSC-S trong mt vng Pool

cao im

Lng bo hiu MAP ti HLR gim do bn tin LU

ca cc thu bao trong vng Pool gim r rt. Ti
nguyn mng li s dng cho truyn ti v x l bo
hiu ny cng c tit kim mt cch ng k

22

3
chc nng mng c phn chia gia cc lp kt ni, lp iu khin
CP Load of MSC in Peak Hour

v lp ng 80dng.
70

Service
Capability
Servers

Service Plane

Application
Servers

60
50
40

User data
Control

HLR
MSC
Server

Week23
Week24
Week25
Week26

30
20

TSC/GMSC
Server

10
0
HNMS1 HNMS2 HNMS3 DNMS1 HCMS1 HCMS2 HCMS3 HCMS4 HCMS5

Control Plane
SGSN

PSTN/ISDN

Hnh 3-16: Ti CPU trong gi cao im trc khi trin khai MIP
MGW

RBS RNC

MGW

IP routers

UTRAN
User Plane

GGSN

Internet
Intranets

Hnh 1-2: Cc node logic trong m hnh kin trc mng phn lp
Trong mng tch hp theo chiu ngang, cc giao thc min
chuyn mch knh c chia thnh lp giao thc iu khin: iu
khin cuc gi, iu khin knh mang, iu khin truy nhp v lp
giao thc mt bng ngi dng.
Hnh 3-17: Ti CPU gi cao im theo tnh ton sau trin khai MIP
Ti bo hiu MAP ti HLR gim

Vic phn b, s dng ti nguyn hu hn c v phn cng

v phn mm ca mng cn m bo hiu qu, hp l, ng thi
im, tha mn lu lng v gim chi ph.
Trong mng li di ng, do c tnh di ng ca ngi dng
s gy ra tnh trng mt s node phc v b qu ti, thiu ti nguyn
khi lng yu cu ti nguyn t mng truy nhp tng cao t bin, v
d hin tng thu bao tp trung ti mt v tr trong dp l tt hoc c
s kin c bit. ng thi lc mt s node khc th ngc li, ti
ri v ti nguyn li tha thi. V vy lun vn tp trung nghin cu
vn nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong mng li theo

Hnh 3-18: Lu lng bo hiu MAP trc v sau khi trin khai MIP

phng thc chia cng bng ti nguyn ti nguyn mng li theo yu

cu t mng truy nhp.

Chng 2
C S L THUYT GII PHP NNG CAO HIU
QU S DNG TI NGUYN MNG LI 2G-3G
Chng ny trnh by v c s l thuyt khi tin hnh vic
tnh ton, thit k ln mt mng li ca mt mng thng tin di ng.
Nhng l thuyt ny bao gm l thuyt v lu lng (Traffic theory),
gii thiu v h thng tn hao (Loss system), h thng tr (Delay
system), cng thc Erlang th nht (Erlang B), cng thc Erlang th
hai (Erlang C), cc tham s u vo cn thit cho vic tnh ton mt

21
Lu lng ti MSC-S/MSC-S cc site khc: 2%

3.2.2. Kt qu u ra
Da trn nhng thng tin u vo v hin trng ti nguyn
mng li ca VNM trnh by trn, vic tnh ton cho gii php
m rng mng li v MIP c thc hin nh cng c ca
ERICSSON l CANDI.
CANDI a ra kt qu chi tit cho dung lng node cho tng

mng Core. ng thi chng cng gii thiu s b v gii php

nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong 3GPP TS 23.236 hay l

MSC-S (dung lng b x l, b nh), MGW (dung lng chuyn

gii php MSC in Pool, m t k thut, u im v yu cu ca MSC

in Pool.

lng gia cc site, link bo hiu trn tng giao din (CAP-IN,

mch dung lng SCC); dung lng cc link bao gm: link lu

MAP-HLR, MAP-SMSC, GCP, BSSAP, RANAP).

2.1. L thuyt v lu lng

3.2.3. nh gi kt qu
Mc ch ca quy hoch phn cng l chn ra mun
lng chnh xc cc phn cng nhm p ng uc yu cu v cp
dch v. Quy hoch qu s dn n dng chi ph ko hiu qu cho
khch hng v s dn n s dng khng hiu qu cc thit b. Quy
hoch khng s dn n nghn, tr v lm gim cht lng ca
dch v.

Gii php MSC in Pool t c hai u im chnh trong

vic nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li l lm cho ti
ca b x l CPU MSC-S s c chia u v lng bo hiu
MAP ti HLR gim (do bn tin LU ca thu bao s gim thiu khi
thu bao trong vng Pool). Di y l minh ha nh gi kt qu
ca gii php MIP p dng trong mng VNM:

u vo cho vic quy hoch chnh l d liu v thu bao, d

liu v mng, yu cu v cp dch v (GoS) v nhng gii hn ca
thit b. Vi d liu ny, ta c th tnh ton c lng phn cng
cn thit.
Trong cc h thng tng i bao gm hai loi h thng: H
thng tn hao (Loss systems) v h thng tr (Delay systems).

Ti CPU chia u gia cc MSC-S trong mt vng (1 site):

20
bo hiu MAP ti HLR b t chi gy ra LU li v rt cuc gi khi

5
2.1.1. Lu lng

chuyn giao.

Mt n v chun ca lu lng thoi l Erlang.

Trc hin trng v hiu qu s dng nh vy, yu cu t ra

ngoi vic m rng mng li p ng nhu cu mi, vic nng

nh ngha: Erlang tng ng vi cp s dng trung bnh

ca mt s lng cc knh trong mt tp hp cc knh.
Mt nh ngha khc, lu lng: Trong h thng vin thng,

cao, ti u hiu qu ti nguyn sn c l ht sc cp thit. V vy

ngoi phn nng cp thm thit b mi theo yu cu ca lng thu
bao gia tng thc t, p dng gii php MIP s t hiu qu cao trong

lu lng l tin tc c truyn dn qua cc knh thng tin.

2.1.2. H thng tn hao

vic cn i ti nguyn, s dng hp l, chia u ti trong mng li

ca mng VNM.

H thng tn hao l h thng m thu bao b ngt kt ni nu

mt knh ri khng tm thy.
i vi hu ht cc h thng tn hao trong tng i cng

3.2. Nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li theo 3GPP

thc Erlang u tin hay cng thc tn hao Erlang c th c s

TS 23.236

dng.
3.2.1. Cc yu cu u vo
Thit k m rng mng v nng cao hiu qu s dng ti
nguyn mng Core cho Vietnamobile, phn m rng ny dng cng
ngh MSS (Mobile Softswich Solution) v gii php MSC in Pool,

Cc yu cu m c th p ng c vic s dng cng thc

Erlang u tin ny l:

H thng tn hao thun

Nhm chuyn mch hon ton sn c: bt k knh

no cng c th s dng bi bt k cuc gi no
Xc sut cuc gi phn b theo lut ngu nhin
Poisson. V d s lng cc cuc gi l ln v cc
cuc gi th c lp vi nhau.

m bo phc v c thm cho 5,500,000 thu bao (5M thu bao

2G v 0.5M thu bao 3G), v m bo cn bng ti CPU gia cc
MSC c v p ng c nhng yu cu v l lch lu lng hin ti
v phn b lu lng trong mng VNM nh sau:

Lu lng ti cng mt MSC: 10%

Lu lng gia MSC-S/MSC-S trong cng site: 8%

Lu lng ti POI/PLMN/VAS/quc t: 80%

Cng thc Erlang u tin

E1, n ( A)

An / n!
n

/ k!

k 0

E1,n ( A)

: Xc sut b nghn (B)

6
: s lng cc knh

: lu lng tng.

19
Cc bo hiu MAP/CAP khc v d nh ti cc nt WSMS,
MMSC v ADC s c chuyn tip qua cc MSC-S Gate
(HNMS1/HNMS2 hoc HNMS).

2.1.2. H thng tn hao

Kt ni ti trng
H thng tr l mt h thng m cc cuc gi c t vo
cc hng i/b m nu khng c cc knh rnh. Cc cuc gi n

Tt c M-MGw trong mng (giao din Nb) c kt ni IP

khi ang c cc cuc gi c t trong hng i khc gi l gp

hon ton mesh. Giao din Nb ch da trn IP, khng c d phng

nghn v chng b buc phi i. Tri ngc vi h thng tn hao,

TDM/ATM.

nhng cuc gi khng thnh cng ny khng b b i m ch b lm

Nguyn l nh tuyn lu lng trong ni mng: tt c lu

tr i. Khong thi gian tri qua gia thi im mt cuc gi n v

lng gia cc nt MSS s c nh tuyn qua cc kt ni trc tip.

thi im m mt cuc gi c cp pht cho mt knh (v d thi

gian i trong mt hng i) th c gi l thi gian i. S hnh
thnh hng i l mt tnh nng c bn m phn bit gia h thng

Nguyn l nh tuyn lu lng ra mng ngoi (POI): tt c

lu lng POI c nh tuyn qua cc MSS ng vai trong cc nt
cng (HNMS1&2, DNMS1 v HCMS1&2).

tn hao v h thng tr.

Hiu qu hin trng ti nguyn trong mng VNM
Cc gi nh bao gm:

Nhm chuyn mch hon ton sn c: bt k knh

no cng c th s dng bi bt k cuc gi no.

Xc sut cuc gi phn b theo lut ngu nhin

Poisson, v d s lng cuc gi ln v khng c
lp vi nhau.

Ti CP ca MSC-S tng i cao mt s MSC nh

HNMS1, HNMS2, HCMS1, HCMS2, HCMS3, DNMS1. Ti gi cao
im mt s ti CP vt qua 75%-80% - t ngng gii hn trn.
Ngc li ti CP ca mt s MSC cn li th vn thp ngay c trong
gi cao im (di 60%).

Cc cuc gi n khi tt c cc knh ang bn, s

Kh nng truyn ti bo hiu trn cc cc bo hiu SLI t

hnh thnh mt hng i v i cho n khi c knh

mc tng i cao (hiu qu s dng trn 60%) mt s MSC nh

rnh.

HNMS1, HNMS2, HCMS1, HCMS2, HCMS3. Ti gi cao im,

mt s MSC c mt s cc b hin tng nghn dn ti mt lng

18
Kt ni hin ti trong mng VNM
Kt ni RAN
BSC ca cc vendor (Huawei, Ericsson) c kt ni ti MMGw thng qua giao din STM-1 (quang) trn cc ET-C41 MMGw. RNC ca cc vendor (Huawei, Ericsson) c kt ni ti M-

7
Vi nhng yu cu ny, cng thc Erlang th 2 (cng thc
Erlang C / Cng thc tr) c th c s dng.
Cng thc Erlang th hai:
n * E1, n ( A)
E 2 , n ( A)
n A * [1 E1, n ( A)]

P( w t ) E2,n ( A)e ( n A)t / h

MGw thng qua giao din IP (in) trn cc ET-MFG M-MGw.

Cc tham s:
Bo hiu BSSAP gia MSC-S v BSC s dng M-MGw lm
cng bo hiu trung gian. Bo hiu RANAP gia MSC-S v RNC i
trc tip t RNC qua giao din IP trn cc GARP/SLI.
Mi BSC/RNC c kt ni ti 2 M-MGw m bo mc

P(w>t): Xc sut m thi gian i vt qu t giy

E1, n ( A ) : Xc sut b nghn

E 2 , n ( A ) : Xc sut i

ch d phng.
n:

S lng cc knh

A:

Tng lu lng mun truyn

h:

thi gian trung bnh cho mt cuc gi tnh bng giy

Kt ni bo hiu v iu khin
Tt c bo hiu v iu khin t MSC-S s da trn giao din
IP qua cc GARP/SLI, khng c d phng bng TDM hay ATM.
Cc kt ni BICC gia cc MSC-S da trn multi-homed
SCTP association v l hon ton mesh.
Chuyn giao Inter-MSC, bn tin MAP c gi trc tip
gia MSC-S.
Bo hiu MAP/CAP gia MSC-S v HLR/FNR/AuC, Anam
SMSC, Comverse SGU (IN) cng c gi trc tip gia cc nt.

2.1.4. Ti bnh thng v cao ti

Trong vic tnh ton lu lng, cc thut ng cao ti v ti
bnh thng s c s dng. Trong khuyn ngh E.500 ca ITU-T,
nhng nh ngha sau c dng cho cc nhm knh.
Ti bnh thng: l cng lu lng thng tin c
truyn i trong vng 30 ngy cao im nht tnh trong qung thi
gian 12 thng (lu lng gi bn)

8
Ti cao: l cng lu lng thng tin c truyn i
trong 5 ngy cao im nht trong cng khang thi gian ca ti bnh
thng.
S c mt s lng cc yu cu v cp dch v phi c
p ng. Cho mc ch tnh ton c hai yu cu c bit l:

Xc sut b nghn
Xc sut ca vic tr vt qu mt thi gian nht
nh

2.2. M hnh lu lng

17

Chng 3 NNG CAO HIU QU S DNG TI NGUYN

MNG LI CHUYN MCH KNH 2G-3G CHO MNG
VIETNAMOBILE
Chng ny trc ht m t v hin trng ti nguyn mng
li ca mng Vietnamobile: hin trng v thit b Ericsson, topo
mng li, hiu qu s dng ti nguyn hin ti. Tip theo, da trn
c s l thuyt nghin cu chng 2, vic tnh ton thit k,
nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn mng li ca mng
Vietnamobile c tin hnh v nh gi kt qu.
3.1. Hin trng v ti nguyn mng li VietNamobile

2.2.1 Gii thiu

Mng VietNamobile c chia lm 3 site ln: H Ni, H
Vic tnh ton ca mt tng i ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc
c im ca tng c tnh c th ca lu lng thng tin di ng n

Ch Minh v Nng, vng phc v tng ng cho 3 min: Bc,

Nam v Trung.

mang. N cng ph thuc vo c im c th ca tng i/chuyn

mch .

Cc phn cng ca MSS (gm MSC-S v MGW) c trin

khai trong mng Vietnamobile bao gm ton b thit b ca Ericsson.

Mt node MSC c kh nng hot ng nh mt

MSC/VLR/GMSC/TSC/SSF/SMS-GMSC/SMS-IWMSC. Vic tnh
ton ca MSC cng ph thuc vo vic MSC c cha tnh nng
ca mt MGW hay khng, v n c nh hng ln n kt qu tnh
ton. Mt node MSC bao gm vic x l lu lng t cc node khc
nh MSC, RNC, BSC, SSP, mng c nh Thm vo , lu lng
bo hiu ti HLR, EIR, FNR, v M-MGW cng s c x l. c
bit l i vi tnh nng GMSC trong MSC l s tm hi HLR v ph
thuc vo thng tin truy sut c t HLR, nh tuyn ca cuc gi
ti MSC hoc hng cuc gi ti dch v hp th thoi (voice mail,

Hnh 3-1: S tng qut mng VNM

16
nh hng chnh a ra mng GSM/WCDMA pool l

9
C-number) Bo hiu GCP gia MSC server v MGW ch thch

ci thin kh nng m rng, chi ph ca nh u t. Vic thm

hp nu mt MGW bn ngoi c s dng. Hot ng ca MSC v

MSC hay b MSC c tin hnh d dng vi nh hng lu lng

VLR bn trong node thng c cp ti nh l tnh nng ca

l nh nht. Trong c hai trng hp, tnh nng ti phn phi ca

MSC. c bit i vi hot ng ca MSC l thit lp cuc gi ti

MSC pool cho php phn phi ti cng bng v chia u cho cc

hoc t cc RNC/BSC, v hng ca n c kt qu ri, v d, thu

MSC trong pool.

bao khng tr li hoc thu bao ang bn. Do lung lu lng ti,

Gia tng kh nng dch v. Nu mt MSC li, tt c thu

bao c phc v bi MSC s c chuyn sang cc MSC khc
trong pool bng chc nng nh tuyn d phng trn BSC/RNC.
Tnh nng ti phn phi MSC pool c th d dng s dng
gim bt ti ca cc MSC cao ti v trnh c tnh trng qu ti.
Gim thiu lu lng bo hin trong mng li. Bo hiu
cp nht v tr v chuyn giao/ti cp pht SRNS gia cc MSC trong
cng mt pool c th c gim thiu ng k.

t, hoc bn trong MSC v th l mt vn rt phc tp.

2.2.2 Cc tham s u vo c dng cho vic tnh ton
Mt vn quan trng cho vic tnh ton lu lng l s sn
c ca d liu u vo cho ngi dng. Cc cng thc r rng nht,
chnh xc nht cho vic tnh ton thit b s v dng nu ngui dng
khng c quyn truy cp ng n ti d liu u vo.
Vic tnh ton hp l cn mt lng rt ln d liu u vo
v cng c th hiu rng khch hng c th khng c tt c nhng

n gin ha cc th tc vn hnh v bo dng v tt c

thng tin y. trnh iu ny, cc gi tr hng dn c cung

cc node mng li u c cng mt d liu vng RAN. Hn na, cc

cp cho cc tham s bt k ch no c th. Nhng gi tr ny c bn

th tc k hoch duy tr bo dng vi nh hng ti thiu ti dch

uc ly t d liu thc t m c ghi li t rt nhiu tng i

v v lu lng s c m bo hn trong tnh nng ti phn phi

Ty u. Tuy nhin, lun lun khuyn khch rng cc gi tr c th m

MSC pool.

kho st c nn c dng thay v dng nhng gi tr hng dn

Cho php cn bng ti t yu cu mng truy nhp v

tuyn.

bt k ch no c th, v bn l lch lu lng nh hng ln n vic

tnh ton cho tng i.

10
2.2.3 Phn b lu lng
Hnh 2-3 ch ra mt biu gin lc ca lung lu lng
bn trong mt MSC. N i din cho lu lng nhng giao din
khc nhau. Phn ng nt t i din cho MSC. HLR c t
gc ca ng nt t, bi v n c th c tch hp bn trong MSC
hoc l mt node c lp. iu ny cng ng cho c SSF v SCF v
MGW cng vy. Lu lng trn cc giao din ch yu
1
1
MSC ( ORG
, TE
, OEX , IEX ) c th hin bng Erlang cho mi

15
(cu hnh phn tn). Khi quyt nh v v tr vt l ca cc nt (tp
trung/phn tn) cn phi xem xt cc kha cnh ISP, kha cnh d
phng v mt a l, kha cnh chi ph truyn dn v kha cnh iu
hnh. V d, mt pool khi m tt c MSC/BSC/RNC nm cng mt
site s c chi ph truyn dn thp v thun li trong qu trnh vn
hnh nhng li c ri ro v mt li cm site (ha hon, vn
ngun,) Nu MSC trong pool c phn tn trong cc site khc
nhau, kh dng ca mng s vn c m bo thm ch khi 1 site
b li hon ton.

thu bao. V nhng gi tr ny c th khc nhau ng k cho phn i

Giao din E (MSC<->MSC): S khng cn giao din E

ti v i vo tng i, chng s c ch ra mt cch ring bit. i

vi lung lu lng bn trong tng i n cng c m phng bng
cc i lng: INT, i din cho traffic t thu bao di ng ny n

gia cc MSC trong pool v khng c chuyn giao gia MSC/ ti cp

pht SRNS trong pool.

mt thu bao di ng khc trong cng mt MSC, TRA l lu lng

Giao din D (MSC<->HLR): Dung lng bo hiu trn

chuyn tip t bn ngoi i vo trong node (incoming external - IEX)

giao din D s gim thiu v khng cn yu cu cp nht v tr gi ti

v i ra bn ngoi (OEX)

HLR v thu bao ch chuyn vng bn trong pool.

Cc cuc gi c th c gi n t cc GMSC, v d
Chuyn tip cuc gi - call forwarding v iu kin, call forwarding

u im ca MSC in Pool
Cc u im chnh ca tnh nng MSC pool bao gm:

khi thu bao tt my. Mt phn ca lu lng ny c th c kt

Ci thin kh nng m rng v mt dung lng v mt

thc bn trong tng i (i vi thu bao tt my) km theo mt

thng bo. Trong lun vn ny, lu lng c gi n t GMSC,
RE1 s c dng l phn trm ca lu lng ban u - originating
traffic ORG, v lu lng u vo bn trong - incoming external
traffic IEX.

MSC c th c gia nhp pool v sn sang chia ti vi cc MSC c

trong pool
Gia tng dung lng thu bao trong mng phc v bng
vic a thm mt MSC m khng lm nh hng ti vic ti cu
hnh BSC/RNC (d dng trin khai, vn hnh v bo dng).

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ca cc nt RAN ti nhiu nt CN gii thiu mt c ch nh tuyn

11
Trong tng i, khi thu bao b gi ang tt my, bn hoc

mi (v chc nng khc c lin quan), cho php cc nt RAN nh

khng c phn ng g li vi tm gi, lu lng RE2 s c gi n

tuyn thng tin n nhiu nt CN khc nhau

b phn a ra thng bo trong tng i, hoc trong trng hp ca

Kt ni ni min ca BSCs / RNCs ti nhiu MSC gii thiu

thm khi nim "cc vng pool" m c cho php bi c ch nh
tuyn trong BSCs / RNCs. Mt khu vc pool c th so snh vi

chuyn tip ti thu bao nm ngay trong tng i ang xem xt.
Trong lun vn ny, RE2 ch cp n lu lng kt thc ngay
trong tng i, ti cc b phn kt cui a ra thng bo.

khu vc dch v MSC hoc SGSN nh l mt nhm ca mt hoc

nhiu vng phc v nt RAN. S khc bit gia mt vng dch v
ca MSC hoc SGSN vi vng pool l c phc v bi nhiu nt
CN (MSC hoc SGSN), ni cch khc, lu lng truy cp ca mi
khu vc khc nhau s c chia s. Hn na, khu vc pool c th
c chng ln nhau m trong khi iu ny khng th cho cc vng
dch v MSC hoc SGSN. T quan im RAN, mt vng pool bao
gm tt c LA ca mt hoc nhiu BSC / RNC m c phc v bi
mt nhm cc nt CN. Nhm cc nt CN ny cng c gi l pool
MSC hoc pool SGSN tng ng.
Trong mt vng pool, mt s vn sau c xem xt:
Vn hiu qu trung k giao din A (s dng truyn dn
TDM). BSC s c kt ni ti nhiu nt MSC trong pool. Mi kt

Hnh 2-3: Traffic flow gin lc i qua mt MSC/VLR/TSC

ni truyn dn giao din A s ch mang mt phn ca tng lu lng

(SSF/SCP/HLR/MGW).

BSC. Kt qu l hiu qu trung k b suy gim, v vy vn ny cn

c xem xt khi nh c giao din A
V tr vt l: MSC v BSC/RNC trong pool c th nm
cng 1 v tr site (cu hnh tp trung) hoc chng c th nm khc site

(Giao din PSTN&E/T1 l mt giao din ni ti PSTN, cc

MSC khc v Voice Mail - hp th thoi)

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2.3. Nng cao hiu qu s dng ti nguyn trong 3GPP TS 23.236
2.3.1. Mt s tiu ch KPI cn nng cao trong mng li CS
Cc tiu ch KPI (Key Performance Indicator) c phn
thnh cc nhm: kh dng, kh nng truy cp, kh nng duy tr v

13
Mt s KPI s c ci thin trong 3GPP TS 23.236
Nhm KPI
Kh nng truy cp
ACCESSIBILITY

tnh ton vn ca mng.

Vic gim st cc KPI nhm tc dng bo co tnh trng
dung lng, ti nguyn hin ti ca mng v khuyn ngh vic m
rng cng nh ti cu hnh s dng chng mt cch hiu qu cao.
kh dng - Availability
kh dng, theo ITU nu trong cc khuyn ngh M.60
(1988) v G.911 (3/1993), c nh ngha l kh nng thc hin cc

Kh nng duy tr
RETAINABILITY

KPI

Chu k gim st

Cp nht v tr thnh cng

Gi cao im

Ti x l CP

Gi cao im

Cp nht v tr

Gi cao im

Chuyn giao Inter MSC thnh cng

Gi cao im

Rt cuc gi v chuyn giao li

Gi cao im

Bng 2-7: KPI c ci thin trong MSC in Pool

2.3.2. Gii php MSC in Pool
M t k thut

chc nng yu cu ti thi im quy nh hoc ti thi im bt k

trong khong thi gian quy nh vi gi thit l cc iu kin hot
ng c p ng theo yu cu.
Kh nng truy cp - Accessibility
Kh nng truy cp l kh nng thc hin c dch v trong
cc dung sai c bit v cc iu kin cho trc khi c yu cu bi
ngi dng cui.
Kh nng duy tr - Retainability

Hnh 2-4: M hnh MSC in Pool n gin

Kh nng duy tr l kh nng dch v khi c thc hin

Cc kt ni bn trong min ca cc nt RAN ti nhiu nt

tip tc c cung cp di nhng iu kin cho trc trong mt

mng li - CN vt qua h thng cp bc cng ngt - gii hn kt ni

khon thi gian c yu cu.

ca mt nt RAN ti ch mt nt mng li. Kt ni trong ni b min