Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Etika Profesi
Etika Profesi
Etika Profesional
Illustrative Prescribed
Ethical Principles
Keyakinan
Tanggap
Tanggungjawab
Kewajaran
Peduli
Citizenship
Kebutuhan Etika
Perilaku etik diperlukan untuk masyarakat
Yang berfungsi dalam suatu masalah.
The need for ethics in society is sufficiently
important that many commonly held
ethical values are incorporated into laws.
A Person Chooses to
Act Selfishly Example
Person A finds a briefcase containing
important papers and $1,000.
A Person Chooses to
Act Selfishly Example
Person B faces the same situation but
responds differently.
Ethical Dilemmas
An ethical dilemma is a situation a person
faces in which a decision must be made
about appropriate behavior.
Rationalizing
Unethical Behavior
Everybody does it
If its legal, its ethical
Likelihood of discovery and consequences
Relevant Facts
A staff person has been informed that
he will work hours without recording
them as hours worked.
Ethical Issue
Is it ethical for the staff person to work hours and
not record them as hours worked in this situation?
Who is affected?
Quality
control
GAAS and
interpretations
Conduct of
CPA firm
personnel
Continuing
education
requirements
Legal
liability
Peer
review
PCAOB
and SEC
Code of
Professional
Conduct
AICPA practice
sections
Principles
Rules of
conduct
Ethical
rulings
Prinsip-prinsip Etika
1. Responsibilities:
Professionals should exercise sensitive and
moral judgments in all their activities.
Prinsip-prinsip Etika
3. Integrity:
Members should perform all responsibilities
with integrity to maintain public confidence.
Prinsip-prinsip Etika
5. Due care:
Members should observe the professions
standards and strive to improve competence.
Standards of Conduct
Ideal conduct
by practitioners
Principles
Minimum level
of conduct by
practitioners
Rules of
conduct
Substandard
conduct
Independence
The value of auditing depends heavily
on the publics perception of the
independence of auditors.
Independence in fact
Independence in appearance
Audit Committees
An audit committee is a selected number
of members of a companys board of directors
whose responsibilities include helping
auditors remain independent of management.
Audit Committees
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that all
members of the audit committee
be independent.
Companies must disclose whether or not
the audit committee includes at least
one financial expert.
Partner Rotation
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that
the lead and concurring audit partner
rotate off the audit engagement
after a period of five years.
Ownership Interests
SEC rules on financial relationships
take an engagement perspective.
Other Issues
Shopping for accounting principles
Engagement and payment of
audit fees by management
Rules of Conduct
Rule 101 Independence
A member in public practice shall be
independent in the performance of
professional services as required by
standards promulgated by bodies
designated by Council.
Financial Interests
Interpretations of Rule 101 prohibit
covered members from owning any
direct investments in audit clients.
Covered members
Direct versus indirect financial interest
Material or immaterial
Related Financial
Interests Issues
Former practitioners
Normal lending procedures
Financial interests and employment
of immediate and close family members
Joint investor or investee relationship
with client
Director, officer, management,
or employee of a company
Litigation Between
CPA Firm and Client
A lawsuit or intent to start a lawsuit between
a CPA firm and its client, the ability of the
CPA firm and client to remain objective
is questionable.
Enforcement
Action by AICPA Professional Ethics Division
Action by a state Board of Accountancy
( c).
(d).
Prinsip Kerahasiaan
Setiap praktisi wajib menjaga kerahasiaan informasi
yang diperoleh sebagai hasil dari hubungan
profesional dan hubungan bisnisnya, serta tidak
boleh mengungkapkan informasi tersebut kepada pihak
ketiga tanpa persetujuan dari klien atau
pemberi
kerja, kecuali jika terdapat kewajiban untuk
mengungkapkan sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum atau
peraturan lainnya yang berlaku. Informasi
rahasia
yang diperoleh dari hubungan profesional
dan
hubungan bisnis tidak boleh digunakan oleh praktisi
untuk keuntungan pribadinya atau pihak
ketiga.
(e).
ANCAMAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pencegahan
1.
2.
2.
3.
Independensi
Penugasan personel
Konsultasi
Supervisi
Pemekerjaan (Hiring)
Pengembangan profesional
Promosi
Penerimaan dan keberlanjutan klien
Inspeksi.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.