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Basınçlı Kapların Tanımı, Tasarımı, Standartları
Basınçlı Kapların Tanımı, Tasarımı, Standartları
10 ubat 1993
NDEKLER
Giri
Dnyada kullanlan basnl kap kurallar
Tarifler ve snflandrmalar
TSE Snflandrma:
TS 3362
TS 1203
TS 1519
TS 736
AD-Merkblaetter, basnl kap kurallar
TRG-Basml gazlar iin teknik kurallar
ASME, Basnl Kap kurallar
BS 550Q, Basnl kap kurallar
TS 377
TS 497
TS 3101
Trk Loydu Snflandrma
R.l.N.A
Snflandrma
G.L
Snflandrma
TRD
Snflandrma
-11-
-12-
SER:
-il-
TL,
Trk Loydu
Kazanlar ve Basnl Kap Kurellar
ALMANYA,
ALMANYA,
r:
ALMANYA,
ABD,
NORVE,
TALYA,
NGLTERE,
-n-
NGLTERE
SVE,
JAPONYA,
JAPONYA,
JAPONYA,
ALMANYA
FNLANDYA,
SFSr- Standards
SSCB,
KANADA,
FRANSA,
HOLLANDA,
BELKA,
-15-
b) Genel olarak, iten veya dtan basnca maruz kapal kaplara basnl
kap ad verilir.
Basnl kaplardaki bu basn; bir d kaynaktan veya direkt ve indirekt
yoldan s uygulamakla veyahut her ikisinin kombinazasyonu ile temin edilmi
olabilir.
Ancak, buradaki basnl kap tariflerine Nkleer reaktrler, dner veya
pistonlu makina silindirleri ve paralar, pompalar, komprscrler, trbinler,
hidrolik ve pnematik s i linder 1er vs. basnl kaplar'a girmezler. Dolaysyle
basnl kaplar dizayn kurallar bunlara uygulanmazlar. Bunlar iin zel
dizayn kurallar uygulanr.
BASINLI KAPLARIN SINIFLANDIRILMASI :
Kazanlar ve Basnl Kaplarn dizaynlarnn uygulamasnda, snflandr liralar inin nemi byktr. 3u nem, tahribatsiz deneyler (Rntgen vs, deneyler),
sl ilem, malzeme seimi vs, hususlardan domaktadr.
TSE Basnl Kaplar
Trk Standartlar Enstitsnn (TSE), Kazan ve Basnl Kaplarla ilgili
esaslar birka standartta toplanmtr. Genel olarak bunlar;
TS 3362 Basnl kaplar hesap kurallar
KONU;
Bu standart, basnl kaplarn hesaplanmas kurallarna dairdir. Buradaki
kurallar AD-Merkblaetter'den alnarak hazrlanmtr.
TANIMLAR
Basnl Kap,
Basnl Kap, 0,4-90 x 1Q Pa (0,5 at) ve daha yksek st basnl sv ve
gazlarn retiminde, tanmasnda ya da depolanmasnda kullanlan kre,
silindir biimli veya kre, silindir yada koni biimli hacimlerin birletirilmesinden oluan atmosfere kapal kaplardr.
TS 1203 Basnl Hava Depolar (Kaynak Sillndirik Gvdeli)
KONU : Bu standart, elik levhalardan kaynakl silindir gvdeli basnl
hava depolarnn tarifine, snflandrma ve zelliklerine, muayene ve
deneylerine, piyasaya arz ekli ile denetleme esaslarna dairdir.
i
depolarn kapsar.
TS 1519 Tpler Basnl Gazlar iin,elik
Konu: Bu Standard, Basnl gaz]a.r iin, elikten yaplan tplerin tarifine,
snflandrlma ve zelliklerine, muayene ve deneylerine, piyasaya arz
ekli ile denetleme esaslarna dairdir.
Kapsam : Bu standart eitli gazlarn basnl durunda konulmasna yarayan
dikili veya dikisiz olarak elik malzemeden yaplan tpleri ve asetilen
tplerinin gvdelerini kapsar. elik veya baka eit malzemeden deiik
biimlerde ve ayr maksatlar iin yaplan tpler ile TS 55'in kapsad
LPG tplerinin ve poroz maddesiyle aseton doldurulmu asetilen toplerini
kapsamaz.
TS 736 scak su, kaynaa? su veya buharla alan scak su hazrlayclar
Kapsam : Scak su-Kaynar su veya buharla alanlar* scak su hazrlayclarnn
tarifine, snflandrma ve zelliklerine, muayene ve deneylerine ve piyasaya
arz ekli ile denetleme esasalarna dairdir.
AJ-MEEKBLAETTER, BASINLI KAP KURALLARI
AD-Merkblaetter, basnl kaplar iin, dizaynn, imalat ve test edilmesini,
metal ve metal olmyan malzeme zelliklerini, yardmc donanmlardan
istenilenleri ve zel durumlar kapsar. Burada basnl kaplar, maksimum
iletme basnc, buhar hacmi ve buhar hacmi ile maksimum iletme basncnn
arpmna gre eitli grublara ayrlmtr.
TRG-BASINLI GAZLAR N TEKNK KURALLAR
TRG, Basnl gaz kaplar iin, emniyet teknii kurallarn, dizaynn,
malzeme zelliklerini, yardmc ekipmanlarn, iletmesini, dier basnl
kaplar iin zel kurallar, doldurma tesislerini, test edilmesini ve eitli
standartlar kapsar. Burada basnl gazlar iin* gazlar, gaz karmlar
sv dk souklukta basnl gazlar ve basnl gazlarn tercihen
kullanm zerine teknik kurallar verilmitir.
Basnl Gaz: Basnl gazlar, kritik scakl 50 nin altnda olan veya
5Q 'deki buharlama basnc 3 bar'dan fazla tutan ve gaz eklinde bulunduu
taktirde 15 G'deki buharlama basnc 1 bar'dan daha yksek bir st
basnta kalan maddelerdir.
Gazlar : Sadece bir molekl trnden oluan ve basnl gaz kabnda teknik
olarak saf bulunan basnl gazlardr. Bu gazlar, t kritik scaklk oLmak
zere,
-&-
-19-
Anma Is Gc
kcal/h (kW)
En Yksek Tasarm
Basnc
kgf/cm^
(bar)
En Yksek
Istc
Akkan
Scakl
Buhar Kazanlar
400004-4000000
(46f4650)
5
(4,9)
Kaynarsu Kazanlar
40000^4000000
(46f4650)
5
(4,9)
130
Scaksu Kazanlar
5
(4,9)
100
-20-
erdii madde
Hepsi
Pc > 1 6
veya
t > 300
P c < 16
Pc**
t<300
t < 170
P c < 16
Pc*- 7
Sv yaktlar
P c > 16
veya
t > 150
t < 150
t<50
P c <40
P c < 16
Su ve yalar
Pc > 40
veya
t > 300
t300
t<200
II
III
-21-
Kazanlar ve yksek
scaklktaki gazlarla
alan dier
basnl kaplar
Buharda stlan
buhar reticileri
p > 3.5
p > 11.5
j3D > 1470
s > 38 mm
p > 40 kg/cm
t > 350C
p < 3.5
16 < A < 38 mm
17.5 < p < 40 kg/cm 2
150 < t < 3 5 0 C
p*s > 160
Snf 1
Snf II
Snf III
Operating medium
Liquefied gases (propane,
butane etc.), toxic gas cargo
all
Steam,
Compressed air,
Gases,
Thermal oil
p c > 16
or
t > 300
Pc^16
Pc^7
t<300
t < 170
Liquid fuels
Pc> 1 6
or
t > 150
Pc^16
Pc*7
t < 150
t<60
p c > 40
or
t > 300
p c <40
Pc* 1 6
t<300
t<200
II
III
Vessel class
-12-
~>
-m-
Tarifler :
Tasarm (Dizayn) basnc :
erisindeki akkan dikkate alnd zaman :
Msaade edilen en yksek alma basncdr.
Bu basn kabn en st noktasndaki basntr,
Hibir zaman herhangi bir emniyet valfnn ayarlad nominal basntan
az olamaz.
Mmkn olan hallerde akkann statik basnc tasarm basncna ilave
edilerek, tasarm basnc olarak elde edilen deer kullanlr.
Emniyet valfnn, gereksiz yere amasn nlemek iin ayar, alma
basncna gre uygun bir fazlalkla yaplr. (5 : 10) % gibi
rnek : Msaade edilen basn 2, bar tasarm basnc 2
(2 x 0,1)
2,2 bar
5 m
Tankta su bulunuyor
Tasarun basnc : 2 t y2
2,5 bar
Tasarm basnc, ayn zamanda hem vakum hemde basn sz konusu ise iki
basncn farkna eittir. ayet, cidarn bir tarafndaki vakum'un deime "
deeri belli deil ise o takdirde hakiki basn 1 bar arttrlr.
rnek : Tank cidarna dtan msaade edilen basn 2 bar
Tank ierisinde vakum 375 mmHg veya 50 % vakum
375
Tasarm basnc 2 +
2,5 bar
750 "
Bunlardan baka :
Resimde ilave statik; ykler verilmi ve bu yklerde cidar gerilmelerini
5 % den fazla artryor ise (Rzgar yk, kar yk, zelezele yk, ve retim
-S-
-S-
Msaade ecen
maksimum alma
bamandaki
doymu buhar
scakl
Kzgn buhar
scakl
Istlm ksmlar
IsmlIstma ekli
mamt
ksmlar Temasla Radyasyonla
QC
25*C
50-C
15-C{1)
35*C
50-C
Reference
temperature
Non-heated
components
Heated components
Heating predominantly through
Radiation*)
Water, or
water/steam
mixture
Superheated
steam
Saturation temperature
at allowable
pressure p i , or at
allowable total pressure
P2, respectively
Superheated steam
0C
15 C
See also
para 3.5.
-27-
Convection
(15+2s,)C,
Screened
against
:
flue oases :
50 C
but
S7
50 C max.
20C
50 C
35 C
20'C
'I
1
_Ksm2
yalzerB
Kurallar 199:
3urada R
m-2C
~?
o d a sljCak
i g r . d a g a r a n t i e d i l e n en dk ecre
.Tukavemeti [ 'J/mm J
R HH.t/1.6
Sri
Sri
350
R
Gri e
100000
-t
1.5
Dkme Malzeme
Dkme elik
Nodler dkme
demir
m.20
3.2
R
eH.t
2.0
on
4.8
R
eH.t
3.0
m.100000.t
2.0
-18-
Kr dkme
demir
R
m.20
11
ve
2.7
T75~
~T7T
ve
. 1.5
2.7
r ' o/TOO.COO
elii iin ayr ayr malzeme blmnde verilmi. Baka malzemeler iin
nominal gerilimin hesaplanmas Loyd tarafndan ayrca dikkate alnr.
Emniyet faktr (emniyet katsays)
Genellikle, S veya E ile gsterilir.
Malzemenin cinsine gre denklemde kullanlacak S. emniyet faktrleri, DMerkblStter'e ve TS gre aadaki zelgelerde verilmitir.
-19-
7. Safety factor
The safety factors of tastes 2 and 3 aopiy axes that the other
AO-Merxbltter soactfy other safety factors, For materials not
named in th AO-Merkoittsr th axoert ooinion of tn*Inspecting Authority may specify safety factors other than
given in taolea 2 and 3.
Tafel 2 Safety factors against yild strength, proof stress or
CTModata
Material
Safety factors
for ths matenai Safety factor S"
for t&e material at
at design,
test tamperatur
tsmoeratura
I.Hoiledand
forged steel
ICaststee
3. Cast iron with
spneraidai gragnitsto OIN 1693
3.1 OGG 70
GQG60
12 GGG 33
33 GGG4)
14 GGG13
GGG353
4. Aluminium and its
allqys-malleaol
matenals
14
.
14
AD-^rkbltter e gre
s?
5.0
4,0
34
64
54
44
24
24
17
3A
44
14
Si
14
Material
AD-Merk>ltterfe gre
Safety factors
forth material
at design
tomperaturv
94
22wrtftsoidrad
v*ste
34
24
34
44
-30-
TS'e gre
ZELGE 2 Gvenlik Katsaylar
Fabrika-BdeU
Kabul Deney
Malzeme
ve Uygulama
Raporla
veya Fabrika
Teslim
artnameli
Uyan Emniyet
Katsays S'
ler
2 elik dkm
14
141
2,0
24
us
5,0 6,0
4,0 5,0
24 .
14 e
34*44
3,0* 4 , 0
2)
2)
2J)
2)
34
9,0
114
7,0
8,0
34
4,0
44
24
1
En ok 120C kadar epeT 5i(5ilr|itr|aTI fftn. In>larnlar| r^jfV^r le kabul raporu
ve fabrika taclta) arfsBTT
gunsa 14 yerine
14 alnabilir.
') Kullanlan mlmi)jn mnfrtinflf "ffgfn1^ "yE^I nl"l? ;wj]ndidir (Ek
2)
X Tavlanm ir T*nw|fjnniTni.
11
-31-
9,81
MP
1 N/m 1 Pa (Pascal)
1 bar 0,1 MP
i ar
1 kgf/cm"
-31-
EkA-1
Uzunluk
Metre
m
Inch
in.
Foot
ft
Yard
yd.
Kara miff
Deniz mili
im
39.37008
3,28084
1,09361
lin.
2S.4 10-*
1/12
1/36
1,57828-10-* 1,37013-10-
lit
0.30480
12
1/3
1,89394-10"* 1,64416-10-*
0,91440
3S
1yd.
1 Karam
1609.344
5,33600 10*
5280
1760
0,86312
1 Deniz nn
"
1853,836
7,29856 10
6082,14
2027,37
1,15192
m*
Alan.
im*
Iaq.lt
- 9,29030:-HT
tsq-yd.
Kadrn
Im
CU.O.
tcu.lt
1/14*
V129S
144
1/9
9-
...
Cubic foot
CU-ft
Cubic yard
cu-yd.
U.S. gaUon
U.S. gaL
1.
6,10237 10*
35,31467
1.30795
264,177
0,764555
Cubic inch
cu.in.
ikpsVm
1,19599
m1
- 2,83168-lu"
Yogurtfufc
10,76391
129S-
0,83613
1,63371-10-*
t OL yd.
1550,003
1/1728
1728
1/27
4.6656 10
27
0,133678
277,412
0.160539
kg/m*
kp sVm*-
1"
0,10197
9,80665
-S3-
219^73.
3
230,995
Brit gallon
Imp. gal.
6^2901
201.978
168,183
4,95103-1Q554589-10-
- zgl
Arlk
.1
033263
1,20094
kp/tn3
Ib. totca/ft*
Ikp/m
62,4279S- 10r3
Ib. lorca/t3
16,01847
A-1
kp sVm
Ounce
mass az
Pound
massib
Short ton
mass-sir trr
0.101972
35.27396
2.20462
9.80665
345.919
21,61996
10.80998-10 - 9.65177-10-3
1/16
1/32000
2.79018-10-
4,46429 10
1kg
J
1 kp s /m -
loe
Long ton
massig trr
kg
Ktle
C '-53592
4,62536-10-'
16
1/2000
007.18487
92.50711
32000
2000
0,89286
;016.Q471
103,60797
35340
2240
1.12
Basn
Sar
0* N/
( - 10s Pa)
kp/cm 1 at
latm
- 760 Ibrr
Ib/sq ft
1,01972
750,062
0,986924
208S.55
14,5038
0,980665
735,55956
0,967842
2048,1 T
14,22337
1,31579-10-3
ZJBASO.
1,93363 10 -J
760
216L22
1 ib
1 bar
1 kp/cm-*
Torr
ran Hg
1 Torr
1 atm
'
1,01325
1,03323
Ib/sq in
(p. 3. i.)
0.359131
4,72541 10-*
1/144.
1 Ib/sq- irr
6,89474
7,03068 10-2
51,71488
6,30459-10-2
14*.
Newton
N
Oyne
dyn
Kilopond
kp
Pound fores
Ib f
10
0.101972
0-^2481
Kuwt
IN
10-*-
1-dyrr
0,10197"
tkp
9.80665
9,80665 10*
Mb I
4-,44822
0,22481
2^0462
1
Desimai yzdeler
deca
da
10
dea
10"'
10-2-1*.
leca
tt
10*
ccnti
10-2
kilo
10
miia
10-3
mega
Iff
micrc
10
nano
H
n
10-*
giga
t era
10'*
OICO
10
Scaklk dnm
10-"
Centigrade: Te
Mutfak scaklk
K (Kelvin)
Fahrenheit: Tp.
- 273,16-f-r c
Te - Ift-
-34-
- |-Tc+32
Ek A-1
zgl s
1 J/m3C
1 kWh/n C 3
BTU/in 3 F
BTU/ft 3 F
1.49107-10-* '
2.77778 10 7
2,38846 10-
8,62885 10-
3,5 10
859.845
3,10639-10-*
1 kcal/m C -
4186.3
1,163-10"
1 BTU/in3 F -
1,1539-10
1 BTU/ft F -
Is aks
kcal/m^ C
53,67838
3,61273 -IQ"
6,2428 10-*
32,19173
2,76799 10
1728
6.70661 10*
1,86295 -10-*
16.01847
1/1728
W/m*
kcal/m*h
BTU/in * sec
BTU/ft * sec
BTU/ft * hr
1 W/m*
0,859845
6,11494 -10" 7
8,80551 -10-*
0,316998
1 kcal/m* h
1.163
7,11167-10-'
1,02408 10-
0,368669
1,63534-10*
1.40614 10*
144
5,184 10
1,13565 10
9754.86
1/144
3600
t STU/tt rr
3.15459
2,71246
1,92901-10-
1/3600
ts iletim
katsays
W/xC
kcal/h m C
BTUn/ft J hr F
BTU/ft hr F
BTU/in hr F
0.859845
6.93347
0.577789
4.81491 "*
t kcal/h m C
1.163
8,05363
0,67)969
5,59974 - 10-*
IBTUin/ffhr F
0.144228
0,124014
V12
1/144
t BTU/tt hf f-
1,73073
1,4881 S
12
1/12
1 BTU/in hr F-
20.76382
17.85797
144
12
1 BTU/n * sec2
1 STU/tt seca
1 W/isC
Klnematik
viskozite
Dinamik
viskozite
N s/m* Pa s - l P
kg/h m
kps/m*
3600
0.101972
0,67197
2J08854 10-*
2.77778 10-
233255 10" 5
1,86558- 10"*
5.SO!5I -10-*
1 kp s/m'
9,80665
3,53039 10
658976
0,204816
1,48816
5357,39
0,151751
3.1081 tO"*
47,38027
1.72369 10*
4.88243
32,17405
1 N s/m 2
1 kg/hm
-35-
:
Ib rnass/ft sec ib force sec / f t
= Metal scakl,
= lgili elik kalitesi iin t scaklnda 0,2 : kalc uzama snrndaki en az akma noktas gsrilimi.
Malzemelerin yukarda bahsedilen karakterleri, cUsma koullar altndaki zelliklerine tekabl eder.
2J..2 - Msaada edilir gerilme, 57, aadaki drt dierden en kk olandr :
1.6
fff
"
_
S'
fff =
1.6
Ct
W
g
-38-
d
Cl
^-7
-33-
TS
1212 - Mekanik zelikler
eliklerin
Ksa tareti
<Tiplerine Gre)
HI
H
Hm
HIV
Malzeme
Numaras
C
mas
Si
(Max)
Mn
(Min)
P
(Mas)
S
(Mxs)
1.0345
1,0425
1,0435
1,0445
0,16
0,20
0,22
0,26
0,35
0,35
0,35
0,35
0.40
0,50
0,55
0,60
0.050
0.050
0.050
0,050
0.0SO
0.050
0.050
0,050
Cr
i)
Numaras
17 Mn 4
19 Mn 3
15 Mo 3
13 CrMo 44
1.0344
1.0845
1.5415
1,'fooS
Malzeme
C
Si
Mn
P
Mas
mas
0,1-10,20
0.170,23
0,120,20
0,100,18
0.200.40
0,400,60
0,150.34
0,150,35
0.9O1.20
1,001.30
0,500,70
0,400,70
0,050
0.050
0,040
0,040
0.05O
0,050
0,040
0,040
-40-
Cr
Mo
t)
0,70
1.00
0150.35
0.400.30
(TS)
BASINLI KAPLARIM
HESAPLANMASINDA MAL/EMENN
SELMES KURALLARI
l. . ZN YKULEN
1.1.1 - ri'CV Kathr Olan eper Scaklklarnda
Fe 34 ve Fe 37 (TS 46).
Fe 34.2 ve Fe 372 (TS 416),
49
-S-
6.2.2 Levhalar teker teker test edilecekse, bu husus siparite zellikle belirtilecektir. Teker teker test, normal
artlarda, sadece taneleri inceltilmi sala/a uygulanr.
6.3 entik darbe testi
Taneleri inceltilmi eliklerden (rnein 340 FK, 410 FK ve
490 FK) retilen tm mamuller, Tablo 3.12'de belirtilen test
scaklnda, uzunlamasna ISO-V entik test paras
kullanlarak entik darbe testine tabi tutulacaktr. Teker teker
test yaplmasna gerek olmayan levhalarda, 6.2.1'de
belirtilen birim test miktarnn en kaln parasndan bir set
test paras alnacaktr. Testler, normal olarak, kalnl >10
mm olan mamullere uygulanr. Taneleri inceltilmi olan
mamuller dnda kalanlar ile kalnl <10 mm olan
mamullere entik darbe testi uygulamas gerektiinde zel
anlama yaplacaktr.
[N/mm*]
<16
>16
<40
>40
<63
>63
<80
A 5 (1) [%]
mm olarak kalnlklar iin
>80
<40
>40
<63
>63
i
i
mm olarak
Test
scakl kalnlklar
iin
[C]
<63 >63
340
340 FK
340-470
235
225
215
215
215
26 (24)
25 (23)
24 (22)
20
-20 (2)
27
27
23
410
410 FK
410-540
275
265
255
245
235
22(20)
21 (19)
20 (18)
20
-20 (2)
27
27
23
490 FK
490-630
355
345
335
325
315
22(20)
21 (19)
20 (18)
-20 (2)
27
23
1. Kapsam
-W-
DN 17155'e
karlk gelen
eiik kalitesi
Mukavemet kategorisi
veya elik kalitesi
410 W
460W
510 W
N(1)
0.3 Mo
Normalize edilmi
1 Cr 0.5 Mo
2.25 Cr 1 Mo
Su verme veya
temperteme
SO-2604/IV
(1975)'e
karlk gelen
eiik kalitesi
H 11
17 Mn 4
19Mn6
15 Mo 3
13 Cr Mo 44
10 Cr Mo 910
P. 9
P13
P26
P32
P34
410 W
460 W
510 W
Si
Mn
<0.20
0.14-0.20
0.15-0.22
i
O.35 ; 0.50-1.30
>0.40 I 0.90-1.40
0.30-0.60 i 1.00-1.60
P
max
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
0.12-0.20
0.08-0.18
0.06-0.18
0.10-0.35 i 0.40-0.90
0.10-0.35 i 0.40-1.00
<0.50 ; 0.40-0.70
;
Al
| toplam
Cr
Mo
0.035
!
0.3 Mo
1 Cr 0.5 Mo
2.25 Cr 1 Mo
S
max
0.035
i
!
>0.020
!
0.035
0.035 j (4)
C.25-0.35
<0.25
0.70-1.10 0.40-0.60
2.00-2.50 , 0.S0-1.10
-ffS-
Kalan
elementler
(1)(2){3)(5)
Cr<0.25
Cu<Q.3O
Ni<0.30
Mo<0.10
D_
5.2 Mekanik zellikler
Rm
[N/mm ]
mn.
mm olarak kalnlklar
iin
R 8H
[N/mm ]
min.
mm carak kalnlklar iin
Mukavemet
kategorisi veya
elik kalitesi
>60
<100
<60
<16
>16
40
>40
<60
>60
100
A 5 [%]
min.
mm olarak
kalnlklar
iin
<60
>60
5100
Test
scakl
-C]
KV (enine
dorultuda)
[J] min.
<60
>60
<100
410 W
460 W
510 W
410-530
460-580
510-650
410-530
450-570
490-630
265
290
355
255
285
345
245
280
335
215
255
315
22
21
20
21
20
20
31
31
0.3 Mo
1 Cr 0.5 Mo
2.25 Cr 1 Mo
440-600
440-590
480-630
430-580
430-580
460-630
275 (2)
300
310
270
295
300
260
295
290
240
275
270
20
20
18
19
19
17
20
31
27
(1) stekler haddeleme dorultusuna dik olarak alman test paralan iindir.
(2) Kalnl <10 mm olan mamullerde 285 N/mm' 'tik bir minimum deer geerlidir.
-57-
D.E
7. Mamullerin Markalanmas
retici, mamulleri A.9"a gre markalayacaktr. Demet
haiinde sipari edilmeyen levhalarda markalama, alt
ucundan bakldnda, karakterler dik olacak ve dolaysyla
haddeleme dorultusunu belirtecek tarzda ve a.t ucundan
200-400 mm mesafeye uygulanr.
Tablo 3.16 DN 17155 (1)*e gre yksek scaklklarda minimum %0.2-uzama snn deerleri
%0.2-uzama snr (belirtilen scakhkiaraa)
Mukavemet
kategorisi veya
elik kalitesi
Mamul kalnl
[mm]
,-
250'C { 300'C |
350-C
400"C
450'C
500'C
[N/mm ] min
410 W
<60
>60<100
205
195
185
175
155
460W
<60
>60<100
245
230
225
210
510 W
<60
>60 <100
265
250
0.3 Mo
< 10
> 10 < 40
>40 < 60
>60 <100
140
135
130
125
125
120
2C5
19C
175
155
155
135
135
115
245
230
225
21C
205
190
175
165
155
145
240
225
210
200
220
205
195
ies
195
180
170
160
185
170
160
155
175
160
150
145
170
155
145
140
165
150
140
135
1 Cr 0.5 Mo
< 10
>10 < 40 '
>40<60
>60 <100
255
240
230
220
245
230
220
210
230
215
205
195
215
200
190
185
205
190
180
175
195
180
170
165
190
175
165
150
2.25 Cr 1 Mo
<40 :
>40<60 '
>60-<100
245
235
225
240
230
220
230
220
210
215
205
195
205
195
185
195
185
175
185
175
165
145
|
J
(1) Dier stadardla-daki elikler iin, minimum deerlerin zel olarak kantlanmas gerekir.
-58-
Tablo 3.17 DN 17155 (1)'e gre yksek scaklklarda 100000 saat iin kopma gerilmesi deerleri
100000 saatlik kopma gerilmesi
[N/mm]
Scaklk
410 W
380
510 W
0.3 Mo
227
390
165
148
400
132
203
179
410
118
.157
420
103
430
1 Cr 0.5 Mo
2.25 Cr 1 Mo
91
136
117
440
79
100
450
69
85
245
285
221
460
59
73
205
50
63
209
174
251
470
220
188
480
42
143
117
190
170
490
55'
47
163
152
500
41
137
135
510
93
74
118
520
530
59
47
116
94
78
90
78
540
61
49
550
40
560
570
33
580
590
103
68
58
51
44
38
34
600
C1 ) Dier standardlardaki elikler iin, 100000 saatlik kopma gerilmesi deerlerinin zel olarak kantlanmas gerekir.
Not; Madde 1.3'de belirtilen artlara bal olarak, rnein aada belirtilen DIN/Siahl-Eisen-Werkstoffblatt (SEW-demir elik
spesifkasyonu) a uygun elikler kullanlabilir.
DN malzeme sembolleri
Malzeme No.
DN 17 102
490 T
500 T
E St E 355
E St E 380
1.1106
1.8911
0.5 Ni
13 Mn Ni 6 3
1.6217
1.5 Ni
3.5 Ni
5 Ni
9 Ni
14 Ni 6
10 Ni 14
12 Ni 19
X8N9
1.5622
1.5637
1.5680
1.5562
AlSl 304 L
AlSl 316 L
AlSl 321
AlSl 347
X 2 C r N i 19 11
X 2 C r N i M o 17 13 3
X 6 C r N i T i 18 10
X 10 Cr Ni Nb 18 10
1.4306
1.4435
1.4541
1.4550
DN 17 440
-59-
-68-
-63-
-10-
July 1982
UDC 620.1(087.8)
DIN
50 049
Supersedes July 1972 edition
For connection with International Siandard ISO 404 issued by the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) and with EURONORM 21 issued by the European Coal and Steel Community, see Explanations
Field of application
DIN 51 300.
2 Documents on materials testing carried out
by the manufacturing or processing works
2.1 Certificate of compliance with the order
In the certificate of compliance with the order the manufacturing or processing works certifies, in the form of
a text without explicitly quoting test results, that the
product supplied complies with the agreements made
when the order was accepted.
2.2 Test report
In the test report the manufacturing or processing works
certifies, by means of results obtained from the routine
works inspection tests carried out on products made
from the same material and by the same manufacturing
method as the product supplied, that the latter complies
with the agreements made at the time the order was
accepted.
Continued on pages 2 to 4
-11-
Type of document
Certificate of compliance
with the order
Document
DIN 50049-2.1
Test report
Document
DIN 50049-2.2
Manufacturer's
test certificate
Document
DIN 50 049-2.3
Inspection certificate A
Document
OIN 50049-3.1 A
Inspection certificate B
Document
DIN 50049-3.1 B
Inspection certificate C
Document
DIN 50049-3.1 C
Inspection report A
Document
DIN 50049 -3.2 A
Inspection report C
Document
D1N50049-3.2C
Inspection report C
corresponding to inspection certificate C
Designation
Standard designation1}
DN 50049
Type
of document
Delivery conditions
Certificate
of compliance
with the order
Test report
Manufacturer's
test certificate
Inspection
certificate A
Inspection
certificate B
Inspector
independent
of production
Inspection
certificate C
Inspection
report A
As for
inspection
...
.
certificate A
Inspection
report C
. ,
As for
inspection
certificate C
Inspector named
in the official
regulation
Conforming to official
regulations and the relevant
technical rules
Works inspector
Inspector
appointed by
the purchaser
As stated by the
purchaser
.
Additional
signature of
the works
inspector
Basis of document
As for inspection
certificate A
As for inspection
certificate A
As for inspection
certificate C
As for inspection
certificate C
Appendix A
International applicability of documents on materials testing
To aid international understanding table A.1 indicates the various kinds of document, in German together with translations in English, French and Italian. The translations agree with the data in Supplement 1 of DIN 50049 and in
EURONORM 21. There are some minor differences compared with ISO 404.
Supplement 1 of DIN 50049 contains examples of completed printed forms for such documents as suggestions for the
layout of the necessary printed forms in respect of the certificate of compliance with the order, the test report and
inspection certificate B in German/English, German/French and German/Italian versions.
Table A . I . Types of document and their translations
a
Type of document
German
Translation *}
j
French
Italian
Certificate of compliance
with the order
Werksbescheinigung
Attestation de conformit
la commande
Attestato di conformit
all'ordinazione
Test report
Werkszeugnis
Relev de contrle
Attestato di controllo
Werksprfzeugnis
**)
**)
Inspection certificate
Abnahmeprfzeugnis
Certificat de rception
Certificato di collaudo
Inspection report
; Abnahmeprfprotokoll
Procs-verbal de rception
Verbale di collaudo
*) Despite the care exercised, DIN cannot guarantee the correctness of the French and Italian equivalents.
Previous editions
Explanations
This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee NMP 892 Probenahme, Abnahme.
The following'International Standard ISO 404 has been published 2} by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Sreel and steel products - General technical delivery requirements.
The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) has issued EURONORM 21-78 General technical delivery requirements
for steel and iron and steel products, second edition November 1978 ).
This standard takes account of those clauses of the quoted international standards which deal with documents on materials testing. EURONORM 21 -78 differentiates between "non-specific testing" and "specific testing". In the case of nonspecific testing, ehe testing by the manufacturing or processing works is generally not carried out on the product actually
supplied. For example, the results of in-production tests may be used for documentation on non-specific testing. In the
case of soecific testing, the testing has definitely to be carried out on the product as supplied. The quoted internation?!
standards contain, as documents on non-specific testing, the certificate of compliance with the order and the test report
and, as documents on specific testing, the inspection certificate and the inspection report. A document corresoonding to
the manufacturer's test certificate, as specified in 0)N 50 049, does not exist in the international standards.
The international standards do not go into ihe various kinds of inspector as differentiated in this standard. EURONORM 21-78 merely refers to an organization designated by the purchaser or the purchaser's representative, and to the
qualified testing department of the manufacturing works.
The quoted international standards apply only to steel. This standard, on the other hand, is so formulated as to be applicable to all materials, e.g. metallic, nonmetallic. inorganic and organic.
The passage which reads "tests, more especially on materials, workpieces and components" in clause 1 is not intended to
be construed as meaning that the testing of components also comprises functional tests and similar tasks. Instead, it is
intended ta^be understood as meaning that, apart from destructive and non-destructive testing of the material of a
product, such other tests are also included which, strictly speaking, are not purely tests of material, but comprise testing
in a wider sense. Examples which may be quoted as indicative of these latter tests are dimensional checking, internal
pressure tests on pipes and roughness measurements on the surface of products.
The expression "manufacturing or processing works" in clauses 2 and 3 is intended to maka it clear that the trader and
his activity are excluded. He has to furnish his supply with the relevant document conforming to D!N 50049 from the
manufacturing or processing works. If. in a particular instance it is not possible for the trader to make a clearcut allocation of documentation to his supply when documents dealt with' in clause 2 are involved, he shall confirm in agreement
with the purchaser - that the appropriate document conforming to OlN 50 049. clause 2, has been presented for the
supply. In addition, he has to prove, by quoting the results of his own testing, that the requirements to be met by the
products supplied are fulfilled. In this connection the test facilities and equipment must satisfy the requirements of
DIN 50 049. ciause 1. This procedure is not admissible in the case of documents dealt with in clause 3.
The expression "has . . . at its disposal" in clause 3.1 concerning inspection certificate 8 does not necessarily mean that
the test house possesses its own test facilities. The test house may also carry out the necessary tests in cooperation with
other test houses.
As regards the need for a manufacturer's test certificate (DIN 50049 - 2 . 3 ) opinions are divided. It is therefore
intended to give this question a further critical examination when the next revision of this standard will be undertaken.
Comments on this point are requested by Normenausschuss Materialprfung (NMP) (Materials Testing Standards Committee) of DIN, Postfach 11 07. D-1000 Berlin 30.
2
-Tk-
DIN 17175
Table 4.
Quality
9rade '
iTemperature 2 )!
!
--C
I
>63. 5 mm
working
pressure3)
Temperature 2)
Permissible
working
bar
bar
S 450
S32
>450
>32
450
S 80
>45o
>80
pressure
3l
Steel grade
Code numoer
Material
number
Elongation a
fracture
Yield point 1 ) 2)
for wall thickness in mm
lLu=5-do)
N/mm^
long. ! transv.
minimum
Impact strength
(DVM specimens3)
transverse
It'
rrnntmtjm
minimum
St35.8
1.0305
360 to 480
235
225
215
25 ;
23
34
St 45.8
1.0405
410 to 530
255
245
235
21
19
27
17 Mn 4
1.0481
460 to 580
270
270
260
23
21
34
!9Mn5
1.0482
510 to 610
310
310
300
19 ;.
17
34
15 Mo 3
1.5415
450 to 600
270 4)
270
260
22
20
34
13 CrMo 4 4
1.7335
440 to 590
290)
290
280
22
20 \
10 CrMo 9 10
1.7380
450 to 600
280
280
270
20
18
34
14 M0V6 3
1.7715
460 to 610
320
320
310
20
18
41
X20CrMoV121
1.4922
690 t o 840
490
17 i
14
490
490
34
; ' 34 5)
') For tubes of S 30 mm outside diameter a n d S 3 mm wall thickness the minimum values are oy 10 N/mm 2 lower.
\ For > 6 0 mm wall thickness, the values of tubes from the steels St 35.8, St 45.8, 17 Mn 4, 19 Mn 5,
15 Mo 3 and 14 MoV 6 3 are subject to agreement; for wall thicknesses > 60 to S 80 mm a minimum value of
270 N/mm 2 or 260 N / m m 2 applies for tubes from the steels 13 CrMo 4 4 and 10 CrMo 9 10 and a minimum
vaiue of 490 N-mm 2 for tubes from tne steel X 20 CrMoV 12 1 . "
3| When testing longitudinal specimens isee Section 8.5.3) the minimum impact strength is 14 J higher.
4
) A 15 N/mm 2 higher minimum value applies for S 10 mm wall thicknesses.
5
> For not-extruded tubes the minimum value falls to 27 J
2
-76-
Basxnlx
kaplar
da,
malzeme
ik
cidar
ve kazanlarda kullanxlan
ve dizaynnda ayni
kalxnlxklarx
ve deiik kurallarla
isteklerin
yerine
getirilmesi
aaxda
alxndxxna
gre
elde
edilen
verilmitir.
Kodu
Malzeme
A 285
D-Merkbllter
DN 17155 HI
Trk Loydu
istendii
halde dei-
bulunmaktadxr.
uapxlan hesaplar-
"
HI
B S 1515
BS 1501-161-23 B
SIS
1413-00
-T7-
t-=200C ve ek verim
cidar kalxnlxklarx
eriler halinde
-80-
-81-
TL
TRD
Silindirik Gvde
TL basnl kaplardaki
denklemler geerlidir.
- P.R
4A (mm)
f.Z-Q,5 p
Payandal dz Ayalar
Bombeler
S s
D. C + C^ (mu
2f
S C.d
?C-
Payar.daA^ dz Ayrlar
S- C.de/p l4.C
I .m
ap veya
d-
de = t
S = C, del P . ' S f C
N K
de :. takviye, dairesi apa,
t. ve t? payandalarn
de :/A +B
.
Bir cidarn paralarna
lanyorsa, hesaplarda
ortalam Cdeeri kulla-
A ye B payandalarn, y^tay-
1 ve ::22 payandalarn
(rm)
Payandal, Dz Aynalar
deftakviye dairesi ap
veya,
RD H 2 0,2 , .D
IMI
-82-
mesafeleri
rnek olarak bir LPG tanknn gvde ve Bombe hesabna esas olan hususlar
gzden geirelim. Verilenler
: AD-Merkblatt
: LPG
3
: 50 m
2
: 17,5 kg/cm
: -10/ 50 C
Hesap kodu
Tanktaki akkan
Kapasitesi
Max letme basnc
Min vemax iletme scakl
Kullanlacak rralzeme
Tankn d ap
: 2500 mm
A:
1) Msaade edilen gerilim k -2-bulunmas,
kullanlacak akkann min. ve max.
mm2iletme scakl ve kullanlacak malzemenin ilgili normundan alnr.
2) Emniyet faktr S. ta Hara lan hesap kodunun malzeme iin verdii deer olarak
alnr. Sayfa 20 ge. bakr.12.
3) Ek yerini V, yine kullar-ilan hesap kodunun verdii deerden kaynak dikii
tipe gere seilecektir. (Kaynak faktr)
4) C , korozyon ilavesi olarak genellikle C1 = i mm alnr. Ancak, bu
deerin tespitinde etkili olan hususlar daha ok akkann korozif zellii
dikkate alnr ve mterininde mutabakat istenir.
C o , ise souk veya scak ekillendirmede meydana gelecek1 ezilmeleri
karlamak zere seilmelidr.
5) Hesap sonucu denklemden, yalnz C. ilavesi ile bulunan sa kalnl
deeri, min. sa kalnl deeridir. Bu deerin altna dlemez. Baka
bir ifade ile bulunan sa kalnlklarnn (-) eksi tolerans yoktur.
B_:
Bombelerin hesabnda kullanlan denklemlerdeki K.B,M faktrleri hesap koduna
gre :
1) Bombe iin ekline,
r = 0,1 x D a , R = Da
kresel
H = 0,2 x D , R = 0,8 x D
el
CI
2) Bombede alacak menhol (adam delii), nozul gibi deliklerin apna, silindir
apma ve bombe et kalnlna
3) Bulunan bu deerlere "gre kabul edilen hesap kodundaki erilerden veya
cetvellerden alnr.
rneimizde, D = 2500 mm, d e l i k yoktur, R= 0,8 D, S =
f C l tC2
400 K
M-00 36 0,85
c
S
s --
i;5
s o fC ] t c 2
-84-
_ 12.33
-88-
Kazanlarda hesaplanma
gereken ksmlar
1- Kazan gvdesi
2- n VB Arka aynalar
TRD 305
TRD 305
TRD 306
5- Ondle klhan
TRD 306
6- Dz klhan
TRD 306
TRD 305
7- Payandalz dz ksmlar
8- Cehennemlik
zeri
takviylari
(zengiler)
TRD 310
TRD 305
TRD 305
TRD 301
12- Uozullar
13-
ve nozul
Hozullarm
et
Nozul
aralklar
kalnlklar
uzaklk kontrol
kontrol
TRD 301
TRD?301
payanda borular
TRD 301
takviyeleri
TRD 301
**?~Z^
-99-
Tahrdpsiz Deneyler -, (KPD Kazanlar ye basnla. kaplarda,, snflara, da, gznnde bulundurularak
tahribatsz kontrol deneyi i s t e n e b i l i r ,
Bu i s t e k l e r , muhtelif kuraklarda, deiik ekillerde, Radyo grafik kontrol,
Ultrosonik kontrol Magnetig p a r t i e kontrol y, gibi olabilir,
rnein, Trk Loydu kurallarna gre ta) Snf I basnl kaplarn radyografik kaynak dikii kontrol aadaki
miktarlarda yaplr,
Boyuna, dikiler %. 1QQ
Ceyre.se! dikiler %-25
-5-
Isl ilemi :
Kazanlar ve basn kaplarda, malzeme ve imalatn ve kaynak durumlarna
gre,
1) Souk ve scak ekillendirmeden dolay s ilemi,
2) Kaynak sonra sl ilemi,
eklinde uygulanmaktadr.
Bu uygulamalarda dikkate alnrras gerekli hususlar ksaca yle sralamak
mmkn.
1) Souk ve scak ekillendirirden sonra sl ilemi :
a) Souk ekillendirmede, ekillendirme apnn, cidar kalnlna oran 20 den
kk olduu hallerde sl ilem gereklidir. Byk olduu hallerde gerek
yoktur.
b) Souk ekillendirme ve lokal tavlana suretiyle yaplan ekillendirmeler
hi bir zaman ekile yaplmaz.
c) Scak ekillendirmede, ekillendirme scakl uygun scaklk snrlarnda
yaplyorsa sl ilemi gerekmez. Dier scaklklar iin gereklidir.
2) Kaynak sonras sl ilemi :
a) Snf I ve II basnl kaplarda, genellikle malzeme kalnl ve malzeme
kalite derecesine gre s ilemine karar verilir.
b) alma srasnda iindeki akkan, gerilim, korozyon atlamalarna imkan
veriyorsa,
c) KAynak dikilerinde, ikiden fazla diki bir noktadan geiyorsa,
d) Snf III basnl kaplarda kaynak sonras sl ilemi mteri ile
imalat ve kontrol messesesinin arasndaki mutabakata baldr.
e) Malzeme kalite derecesine gre sl ilemin gerekliliini ile scaklklarn
ve- mddetleri veren deerler aadaki tablolarda verilmitir.
-52-
Cellk Grode
TL d_0. 41
Tl. 5-0. 5 - 1
TL 6-0. 6 - 1 . 6 - 2
TL
Tl.
TL
Tl.
TL
TL
TL
1-0.
2-0.
2-2.
3-0.
20 mm
1-1. 1-2 .
2-1
2-3. 2-4
3-1
25 mm
38 mm
j
20 mm
30 mm
8 mm
8 mm
3-2
TL 7 - 1
L 7-2.
7-3
elik Graae
Isl lem
scakl C
Korbon we
torbon manganez
TL 7 - 1
TL 7 - 2
TL 7 - 3
550-600
580-620
620-660
625-700
Isl
ilemlerle
ilgili
TS,
ilgili standartlar
talepler
az
az
az
oz
1
1
1
2
soat
sool
soat
soat
TS 377 v.s.
gibi
ve
detayl
daha
olarak
szn
istekler
gibi
snf Z,
klasm
yerine
taleplerini
getirilmi
-93-
II
ve
ve
III
?re
imal
karlayabilecek
uygun
dursa
edilebilen
niteiikze
st
snf
sani
imal
edile-
verilebilir.
-9H-
P = 1.5 p
deney diz.
deney
= l j 2 5 >
diz.
Basnl kaplarda :
1- Basnl kaplarda hidrolik deney genellikle su ile veya tihlikeli olmayan
akkanlarala yaplabilir. Bu takdirde deneyde kullanlan akkann scakl
4-0 C ye kadar msaade edilebilir. Ayrca gaz ya ile de basn deneyi 25 C
scakla kadar msaade edilebilir.
2- Bir basnl kap birden fazla basnl paradan meydana geliyorsa o takdirde
her paraya ayr basn deneyi uygulanr. ayet basnl kap ift cidarl ise
o takdirde de basn fark dikkate alnarak yaplr.
3- Monometre tankn en st yerine balanr ve gzle grlebilmelidir.
4- Sresi tankn kontrolnn yaplabilecei kadar olmaldr.
5- p 100 bar olan basnl kaplarda zel emniyet tedbirleride alnarak yaplr,
6- Hidrolik deney basnc, dizayn basncnn 1,3 katna eit olmaldr,
p
r
deney
s iL o
' *
-96-
<Lz.
-97-
KABAKLAR.
''I- Trk Loydu Vskfi Serd Konferanslar I - 19B6
2 TS 3362, TS 12Q3, TS 1511, TS 736, TS 377, TS WL7, TS. 3101
3- Trk Loydu "elik Gemileri Klaslana Kurallar"
Cilt B Ksm.4 - Makira Kurallar - 1992
4- Trk Loydu " elik Gemileri Klaslana Kurallar*
Cilt A Ksm 2 - Malzeme Kurallar _ 1992
5- Trk Loydu ve Det Norske Veritas (Norve Loydu)
1985 - Fasl II - Blm 1 elik ve Demir
6- AD-MerkbaSter Technical Rules for Pressure Vessels - 1983
7- DIN Handbook
Iron and Steal Quality Standarts 1 - 1986
DIN Handbook
Iron and Steel Quality Standarts 2 - 1986
8- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code <- Section VIII
Division 1 ^ 1989
9- Technical Rules for Steam Boilers CTRD) - 1981
-98-