MC LC

PHN 1: TNG QUAN V BIA..........................................................................4

I . Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca bia............................................................4
II . Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia trong v ngoi nc..........................5
a. Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia trn th gii...................................5
b. Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia Vit Nam....................................8

Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia trong nc...............................8

S lng,c s sn xut..........................................................................9

Thng hiu bia......................................................................................9

Trnh cng ngh v thit b..............................................................10

Nguyn liu cho ngnh bia...................................................................10

I . Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng bia................................................................11

a. Ch tiu cm quan..........................................................................................11
b. Ch tiu ha l...............................................................................................11
c. Ch tiu vi sinh vt.........................................................................................11
PHN 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT BIA......................................................12
I

i mch.........................................................................................................12

II Cc nguyn liu thay th i mch.................................................................14

a. Sn................................................................................................................14
b. Ng................................................................................................................15
c. Go................................................................................................................15
III Hoa houblon...................................................................................................15
IV H vi sinh vt..................................................................................................17
V . Nc..............................................................................................................17
PHN 3: QUY TRNH NU BIA.......................................................................18
I . Nghin nguyn liu..........................................................................................18
a , Nghin malt:.................................................................................................18
b, Nghin go....................................................................................................20
II. H ho..............................................................................................................20

III. ng ho......................................................................................................20
a, Phng php ngm chit:..............................................................................20
b, Phng php un si tng phn:...................................................................21
IV. Lc dch ng...............................................................................................21
a, Thng lc (Lauteur tun):...............................................................................21
b, My lc p kiu khung bn:..........................................................................22
V. Nu hoa............................................................................................................23
a, Qu trnh cp nhit :......................................................................................23

Cp nhit trc tip:...............................................................................23

Cp nhit bng hi:...............................................................................23

Ni un hoa vi h thng cp nhit bn ngoi:....................................24

Cp nhit bn trong:.............................................................................24

b, Qu trnh cho hoa vo ni nu......................................................................25

VI. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho..........................................25
a, Lng trong.....................................................................................................25
b, Lm lnh dch ng....................................................................................26
PHN 4 TNH CN BNG SN PHM..........................................................26
I. Lp k hoch sn xut.......................................................................................27
II. Tnh cn bng sn phm..................................................................................28
1. Tnh lng bia v lng ng qua cc giai on........................................28
2. Lng hoa houblon s dng.........................................................................29
3. Tnh lng go v lng malt.......................................................................29
4. Lng b go v b malt...............................................................................30
5. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b..........................................................31
6. Cc nguyn liu khc....................................................................................33
* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia hi....33
III Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu......................................................35
1 .My nghin....................................................................................................35

My nghin go....................................................................................35

My nghin malt lt..............................................................................35

My nghin malt t............................................................................35

2 .Ni h ha.....................................................................................................36
4 .Ni ng ho...............................................................................................38
5 .Thng lc y bng.......................................................................................40
6 .Ni nu hoa...................................................................................................41
7 .Thng lng xoy............................................................................................43
8. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh......................................................................44
9. Thng nc nu.............................................................................................44
9. H thng cip nu...........................................................................................45
TI LIU THAM KHO:...................................................................................46

PHN 1: TNG QUAN V BIA

I . Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca bia

Bia l mt trong nhng loi nc ung c cn lu i nht m con ngi
to ra [1, 2]. Theo nhng chng tch lch s th bia c nin i ti 6000 nm TCN,
c ghi li trong cc vn bn c ca nn vn ha Lng H v Ai Cp c i.
chu u, bia xut hin thi k mi khong 3.000 nm TCN [3].
Nh hu ht cc cht c cha carbohydrat, ch yu l ng hoc tinh bt, c
th ln men t nhin, c kh nng ung ging bia c pht minh c lp gia
cc nn vn ha khc nhau trn ton th gii. Vic pht minh ra bnh m v bia
c chng minh l ng lc cho con ngi pht trin cng ngh v xy dng nn
vn minh nhn loi. Cc thc nghim ha hc sm nht cho thy bia la mch
c pht hin ti Godin Tepe min trung dy ni Zagros ca Iran c nin i
khong 3.400-3.000 nm TCN [4, 5].
S b sung hoa bia vo bia to v ng, bo qun v hng v cho bia l
mt pht kin tng i mi: Trong thi trung c nhiu hn hp khc ca cc loi
tho mc thng thng c cho vo bia ch khng phi hoa bia. Cc hn hp ny
thng thng c gi l gruit. Hoa bia c trng ti Php sm nht l vo
khong th k 9. Vn bn c nht cn st li c ghi chp v vic s dng hoa bia
trong bia c nin i vo nm 1067 bi n tu vin trng kim nh vn Hildegard
[6].
Ti chu u, trong thi trung c, bia ch yu c sn xut trong gia nh.
Vo th k 14 v 15, vic sn xut bia dn dn chuyn t hot ng gia nh
sang hot ng th cng, vi cc qun bia v tu vin sn xut bia ca mnh hng
lot tiu th.
Phn ln cc loi bia cho n thi gian gn y thc cht l th m ngy nay
gi l ale. Bia lager c pht hin ra mt cch tnh c vo th k 16 sau khi bia
c lu tr trong cc hm lnh mt thi gian di; k t n c sn xut
nhiu hn ale.

Vi s pht minh ra ng c hi nc nm 1765, cng nghip ha sn xut bia

tr thnh s tht. Cc ci tin mi trong cng ngh sn xut bia xut hin
cng vi s ra i ca nhit k v t trng k vo th k 19, cho php cc nh
sn xut bia tang tnh hiu qu v kim sot nng cn. Cho n cui th k 18,
mch nha ch yu c lm kh bng la do t g, than ci, tru, v sau nm
1600 l t than cc. Ni chung, khng c loi mch nha no trong s ny c che
chn tt khi khi sinh ra trong cc l sy, v do cc loi bia thi k c
thnh phn hi khi trong hng v ca chng; cc chng c ch ra rng cc nh
sn xut mch nha v bia thng xuyn phi c gng gim thiu s m khi ca
bia thnh phm. S pht minh ra l nng hnh trng nm 1817 ca Daniel
Wheeler cho php to ra mch nha nng chn k v to tin cho sn xut
bia en (porter v stout ). S pht minh ra vai tr ca men bia trong qu trnh ln
men vo nm 1857 bi Louis Pasteus gip cho cc nh sn xut bia phng
php ngn chn v chua ca bia bi cc loi vi sinh vt khng mong mun.[7].
Nm 1953, Morton W. Coutts ngi New Zealand pht trin mt k thut
ln men lin tc[8]. Sng ch ca Coutts lin quan ti qu trnh cho bia chy qua
b kn, vic ln men xy ra di p sut v nhit , khng bao gi bia tip xc
vi khng kh, thm ch c khi ng chai. N l 1 cuc cch mng trong cng
nghip bia do n lm gim thi gian v sn xut bia trc y l 4 thng xung
cn cha y 24 gi. Cng ngh ca ng cn c s dng bi nhiu nh sn xut
bia ln nht th gii ngy nay.
Ngy nay, ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia l mt nn kinh doanh ton cu, bao
gm mt s cng ty a quc gia chim u th trn th trng v hng ngn cc nh
sn xut nh t cc c s ln ca vng. Hn 133 t lt( 35 t gallon) c bn mi
nm, doanh thu ton cu l 294,5 t USD (147.7 t bng Anh) nm 2006[9].

II . Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia trong v ngoi nc

a. Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia trn th gii.

Sn xut bia l mt ngnh cng nghip thc phm c bc pht trin nhanh
chng. T u th k XX bia cn xa l vi nhiu ngi, song ch my chc nm
sau tr thnh ph bin. Ngnh cng nghip ny c v tr quan trng
nhiu nc v em li ngun thu nhp to ln cho cng ty sn xut cng nh nn
kinh t quc dn. Sn xut bia ngy cng tng c v cht lng v sn lng. Di
y l nhng s liu c th: Sn lng bia th gii trong mt thp k tng 35,6%.
C sn lng ln v lun pht trin l Trung Quc, k n l Nga v Brazil. Trong
khi , nm 2001, M l nc dn u sn lng bia th gii vi 23.300 triu lt,
n nm 2011 gim sn lng cn 22.546 triu lt ng v tr th hai. Vit Nam,
Ukraina v Trung Quc c mc tng trng cao trong mi nm qua, ln lt l
240,4,%, 132,9% v 118% (bng 1) [10, 11].

Bng 1: Cc nc dn u sn lng bia nm 2011

Hin nay trung bnh mi nm sn lng tng trung bnh khong 300-500 triu
lt/nm. Sn lng bia sn xut ra trn th gii tng trng nhanh, nhng sn xut
bia li phn b khng ng u theo cc vng a l trn th gii (bng 2)[10, 11].
Sn xut bia tp trung nhng vng c sn nguyn liu v c truyn thng v sn
xut bia.
cc khu vc ny c rt nhiu hng bia ln v ni ting trn ton th gii.
cc khu vc khc sn xut bia ang tng dn, c bit sn lng bia Chu tng
lin tc v kh nhanh. cc khu vc mi ch yu l nhp cng ngh sn xut t
cc nc truyn thng sn xut bia.

Bng 2: Sn lng bia theo khu vc, 2011

T nhng nm 1908 cc nc thy c ngun li to ln t sn xut bia nn
tp trung u t pht trin ng thi nh thu cao vo cc hng ha bia nhp
khu. Cc hng bia ln c nguy c b mt th trng c nhiu cch thm
nhp vo cc nc bng hnh thc u t trc tip 100% hoc lin doanh. Kt qu
ca s chuyn dch phng thc xm nhp th trng bng hng ha sang u t
sn xut chnh quc gia lm thay i c cu sn lng bia th gii.
Mc tiu th bia tnh bnh qun u ngi ca cc nc l khc nhau. Di
y l mc tiu th bnh qun u ngi nm 2010 (bng 3) [12]

Bng 3: Mc tiu th bnh qun u ngi 2010

Nhng th trng trin vng: Nht bn, Vit Nam, Hn Quc, ang c cc
hng ln quan tm u t. Mt im ng lu trong tiu th bia trn th gii
ngy nay l s cnh tranh mnh m gia cc hng ln trn qui m ton cu.
Nhng hng bia lng danh ang tm mi cch thm nhp vo bt c th trng
no nu c th c.
b. Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia Vit Nam
Bia xm nhp vo nc ta sau thi k Php xm lc nm 1858. Nh my bia
u tin c xy dng Vit Nam do mt ngi ch t bn Php xy dng H
Ni nm 1890.[13]
Tnh hnh pht trin ngnh sn xut bia trong nc
Nhng nm tr li y , do tc ng ca nhiu yu t nh tc tng trng
GDP, tc tng dn s, tc th ha, tc u t,. M nghnh cng
nghip bia pht trin vi tc tng trng cao. Chng hn nh theo c tnh
sn lng ton ngnh 6 thng t 1.373,1 triu lt, bng 47,3% k hoch nm, tng
10,7% so vi cng k (6 thng u nm 2012 t 1.240,9 triu lt). Trong , sn
lng bia ca SABECO c t 673,1 triu lt, tng 8,8% so vi cng k; ca
HABECO c t 299,8 triu lt, tng 13,7%; cc doanh nghip cn li sn xut
c t 400,2 triu lt, tng 11,56% so vi cng k. Ring hai thng hiu Bia H
Ni v Bia Si Gn c t 903,2 triu lt, chim 65,8% tng lng bia sn xut
ton ngnh v tng 11% so vi cng k [14]

Bng 4: Sn lng sn xut bia Vit Nam qua cc nm [15]

S lng,c s sn xut
Theo thng k ca B Cng Thng, hin nay ton ngnh sn xut bia c 151
doanh nghip 51 tnh, thnh ph vi tng nng lc sn xut trn 2,7 t lt mt
nm. Bn doanh nghip bia ln nht Vit Nam thi im ny l Sabeco, Habeco,
Heineken v Carlsberg. Trong , nng lc sn xut ca Sabeco v cc cng ty
con, cng ty lin kt l 1,7 t lt/nm. Habeco vi h thng ca mnh c nng lc
sn xut 916 triu lt/nm.[16]. Do s xut hin ca nhiu doanh nghip bia ln c
thit b hin i, cng ngh tin tin, nn c s cnh tranh gay gt, nhiu c s
sn xut quy m nh, cht lng thp khng kh nng cnh tranh ph sn
hoc chuyn sang ngnh sn phm khc.
Thng hiu bia

Th trng bia Vit Nam hot ng kh cnh tranh, vi nhiu thng hiu ni
ting nh: Tiger, Heineken, H Ni, Halida, Si Gn, 333, v.v, t phn khc cp
thp nh bia hi cho n phn khc bia thng hng. 2 th trng tiu th ch lc
l th trng min Nam (H Ch Minh) v min Bc. 50-60% th phn bia thuc v
2 tp on ln ca Vit Nam l Sabeco v Habeco. Ngoi ra, th trng bia Vit
Nam cn m ca cho php cc cng ty sn xut bia nc ngoi vo lin doanh,
nh: Carlsberg, Asia Pacific Brewers Ltd
(Heineken, Tiger), SABMiller. Theo APB, hn 1/2 li nhun ca hng l do th
trng Vit Nam ng gp,mc d tp on hot ng hn 15 quc gia thuc
chu Thi Bnh Dng.

Hnh nh 10 loi bia dc tiu th nhiu nht nm 2010 theo s liu ca

Sabeco
Trnh cng ngh v thit b
Cc nh my bia c cng sut trn 100 triu lt/ nm u c h thng thit b
hin i,tin tin, nhp khu t cc nc c nn cng nghip sn xut bia pht trin
mnh m nh: c, an Mch, Cc nh my bia c cng sut trn 20 triu lt/
nm cho n nay u t chiu su, i mi thit b, tip thu trnh cng ngh
tin tin vo sn xut.
Nguyn liu cho ngnh bia

Nm 2003, kim ngch nhp khu ngnh sn xut bia (ch yu l malt v hoa
houblon) khong 76 triu USD. Tng cng ty Habeco th nghim trng th i
mch mt s ni nhng cha c kt qu do s khng ph hp v th nhng v
v kh hu. Hin ti c mt nh my sn xut malt i mch vi cng sut trn
50.000 tn/nm v c kh nng m rng ln 100.000 tn/nm. [17]

I . Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng bia

a. Ch tiu cm quan
-Mu sc: Vng rm, ng nh.
- trong: Trong sut.
-Hng: Thm du, c trng ca hoa houblon.
-V: ng du,c trng ca hoa houblon
-Trng thi bt: Trng mn.
-Thi gian gi bt: 5-25 pht
b. Ch tiu ha l
- ng ban u: 10-13% trng lng bia hi 10 0Bx
-Hm lng cn: Bia hi: 3.5 %
-Hm lng diaxetyl: Bia hi <0.2mg/L
- mu tnh theo s mL I2 0.1N ha trong 100mL bia 0.5mL
-Hm lng glyceryl: Bia hi:0,1-0,2
-Hm lng acid hu c: Bia hi: 0,1-0,15
-Hm lng m tng s ( mg/100mL): 65-80
-Hm lng formol (mg/100mL): 20-25
- chua tnh theo mL NaOH 1N trung ha lng acid trong 100mL bia 1,21,7mL.
-Kim loi nng: Khng c.
c. Ch tiu vi sinh vt
-Vi sinh vt hiu kh: <100 t bo/mL bia hi.
-Vi sinh vt him kh: Khng c.
-E. coli: Khng c.
-Vi trng gy bnh ng rut: Khng c.
-Nm mc:<= 5t bo/mL
-Ring bia chai m bo khng c vi sinh vt bn trong.

PHN 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT BIA

I

i mch

-i mch thuc nhm thc vt c ht (Spermophyta), phn nhm b t (

Angiospermae), lp mt l mm (monocotyledonate) ,h la m (Gramiane), c
ngun gc t loi thc vn thn c mt nm Hordeum vulgare.
-Cu to ht i mch:
o V: thnh phn ch yu l cellulose kt cht li nh cht khong vo linhin.
Hu ht cc loi i mch c bao bng lp v tru, ht ca mt s rt t
loi i mch khng c lp v ny. Nhng loi i mch khng dng
c trong cng nghip sn xut bia. V ht khng c gi tr dinh dng,
trong qu trnh sn xut malt, cn hn ch tch trit, lm v v trong cng
on nghin cng t cng tt.
o Ni nh: l thnh phn c gi tr nht ca ht: c lp aleuron rt giu
protein, cht bo, ng, cellulose, pentoase, vitamin, v cht tro. Di lp
aleuron l lp ni nh tht cha y cc ht tinh bt, mt t protein,
cellulose, cht bo v ng.
o Phi: ch chim 2,5 5% trng lng ht, nhng c vai tr quan trng
khng ch vi s lu truyn ca cy m ngay c trong cng nghip sn xut
bia. Qu trnh malting c t trn nn tng l s ny mm ca ht. Trong
giai on ny, xy ra s hot ha v tch tr hot lc ca h enzyme trn ht.
Nh vy, mt s hp cht dinh dng cao phn t dc phn ct thnh sn
phm thp phn t. Phi tuy c gi tr dinh dng khng ng k nhng vai
tr hot ha tch tr hot lc enzyme ca n l yu t quan trng trong sn
xut malt.
-Phn loi:
o Theo phn b ca ht quanh cung:
Ht hai hng.
Ht su hng.
o Theo thi gian thu hoch:
i mch xun.
i mch thu.

Trong cng nghip loi i mch hai hng l loi c u tin s dng trong
lm bia
-Mt s loi i mch thng dng:
o Anh: Rgina, Fanfare, Pearl, Leonine, Optic, Chariot, Prisma,.
o Chu u: Scarlett, Prisma, Alexis,
o Canada: Harington, Metcalfe, Kendall,.
o c: Stirling,Araplies, Schooner
-Trong sn xut bia,i mch c vai tr lm ngun cung cp cht ng, cht
m, cc vitamin v khong cht cn thit cho nm men bia hot ng trong qu
trnh sn xut. trch ly cc cht ny, ngi ta cn tin hnh thy phn tinh bt
v cc cht m c trong i mch thnh cc cht tan c ( gi l extract) trong
qu trnh x l, ngm i mch cho chng ny mm, cn gi l qu trnh
malting. i mch sau qu trnh malting c gi l malt.
- gim gi thnh, ngi ta c th dng ng cc lm th liu, v lng ti a
l 50% ch khng th thay th hon ton malt.
-Malt cha y enzyme amylase thy phn tinh bt. Nu d dng th
liu nhiu th lng enzyme ny cung cp khng y v ta buc phi b sung
enzyme t bn ngoi vo, ch yu l enzyme t vi sinh vt. Malt cung cp kh
lng protein v c cha h enzyme protease thy phn chng. Trong giai on
m mm, h enzyme ny c hot ha mnh m. Khi chuyn sang giai on
nu, chng thy phn protein to thnh cc phc cht c kh nng gi CO2 tt, to
v bia c trng.
-Cc ch tiu cht lng chnh ca malt bia:

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Ch tiu kim tra

Ngoi quan

Tiu chun
Mu vng rm,khng c
mc, khng su mt
m
7%
ha tan trn cht kh xay
80%
nhuyn
Protein tng
9,5-11%
Hot lc
260-320 WK
C ht > 2,5 mm
85%
C ht <2,2 mm
1,5%
trong
5 BEC
Thi gian ng ha
<15 pht
Tc lc
Bnh thng
mu
2,0-4,5 EBC
pH
5,6-6
Protein ha tan
4,0-4,7%
Ch s Kolbatch
38-43

-Trong malt, lng enzyme chuyn ha cc cht cao phn t, khng tan
thnh cc hp cht thp phn t, d tan.
-Tuy nhin, Vit Nam khng iu kin c th trng i mch, lm loi
malt thch hp nht lm bia, nn trong qu trnh sn xut bia phi s dng cc
nguyn liu thay th l cc sn phm giu tinh bt.
-Do s dng nguyn liu thay th khng c cha cc enzyme chuyn ha nn
lng thay th ch c gii hn (<50%) v c th phi s dng cc ch phm
enzyme bn ngoi.
Kt lun: Do nc ta khng iu kin trng loi i mch c th s
dng trong cng nghip sn xut bia, nn tt c malt/i mch u phi nhp t
nc ngoi vo. Dn ti vic gi thnh sn phm cao, tnh cnh tranh so vi cc
sn phm nc ngoi s gim. Do , vic s dng cc nguyn liu giu tinh bt,
protein c sn trong nc l vic rt cn thit. C th k n cc sn phm nng
nghip truyn thng nh sn, ng, go,.

II Cc nguyn liu thay th i mch

a. Sn
-Sn l mt loi c c lng tinh bt cao, tuy nhin hm lng protein rt thp,
dinh dng km
- Vit Nam, cy sn c trng kh rng ri ( Nng sut sn ca Vit Nam
hin nay ng khong th 10 trong s cc quc gia nng sut cao, vi nng sut
17,6 tn/ha. [18]). Tuy nhin,cht lng sn Vit Nam thng cn cha cao
-Trong sn c mt lng c t kh ng k, phi mt nhiu cng sc loi b
c t.
-Trong qu trnh lm sn, sn d b chy nh gy bin mu.
=>V cht lng dinh dng thp nn khng c s dng lm nguyn liu
thay th malt i mch.
b. Ng
-Protein ca ng ch yu thuc nhm prolamin v glutelin l nhng nhm rt
ha tan trong qu trnh ng ha, dn n hiu sut thy phn thp, phn ln b
thi ra ngoi theo b malt.
-Phi ng to, nn qu trnh thy phn s gp nhiu kh khn.
-Hm lng cht bo trong ng kh cao.
-Ng c mu v mi c trng, d ln p mi v bia nn cn phi ch trong
qu trnh ty mu, mi.

-Trong sn xut bia, ng dung thay th cho malt i mch ch yu l loi trng
c ( hm lng tinh bt cao,protein thp) v s sng di dng bt nghin
nh.
c. Go
-Go l loi ng cc c dng nhiu nht trong thay th malt i mch. C
th s dng di hai hnh thc: dng go trc tip ch bin ln vi bt malt, hoc
dng thc m m, c th sy kh hoc dng dng malt ti, ng ha phi
hp vi malt i mch theo t l thch hp.
-Go c hm lng tinh bt kh cao, protein mc va phi cn cht b v
cellulose gii hn thp. Vy nn, vi lng go thay th n 20% l c th sn
xut bia vi cht lng cao.
- Vit Nam, go l mt loi ng cc c s dng lm thc phm quen thuc
hng ngy nn c mi v rt quen thuc vi ngi dn Vit Nam.
Kt lun: Vi nhng u im ni tri, go c s dng l loi nguyn liu
thay th hng u trong sn xut bia Vit Nam. Trong n ny, lng nguyn
liu thay th chim 30% khi lng nguyn liu.

III Hoa houblon

-Sau i mch, hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn th hai ca cng ngh sn
xut bia.
-Hoa houblon( Humulus lupulus) l loi thc vt nin n tnh, thuc h Gai
mo (cannabinaceae). Trong sn xut bia, ngi ta s dng hoa ci cha b th
phn.
-Khi hoa chn, bn trong cc cnh hoa( c bit nh hoa) xut hin cc ht
luputin. L ni sinh ra cht ng v tinh du thm cho houblon.
-Hoa houblon c vai tr:
Cung cp v ng cn bng v ngt ca ng mch nha.
To hng v t mi hoa cho ti mi cam hay quit hay mi tho mc.
Hoa bia c cc hiu ng khng sinh gip cho hot ng ca men bia tt hn
trc cc loi vi sinh vt khng mong mun.
Vic s dng hoa bia gip cho vic duy tr thi gian gi bt lu hn (to ra cc
cht cacbonat ha bia).

-Vai tr ca cht ng: L thnh phn c gi tr nht ca hoa houblon. Lm cho

bia c v ng du, to ra mt c tnh cm quan rt c bit ca bia. Khi ha tan
vo dch ng tn ti trong bia, cht ng l nhng hp cht c hot tnh sinh hc
cao to ra sc cng b mt gip cho bia c kh nng gi bt lu hn. Vi nng
thp cc cht ng cng c kh nng c ch rt mnh cc vi sinh vt, v chng c
tnh khng khun rt cao v do lm tng bn ca bia thnh phm.
-Vai tr ca tinh du thm: Tinh du trong hoa gm hn 200 cht: terpen, este,
xetone v cc hp cht cha lu hunh. Tinh du hoa iu kin gia nhit nh d
b oxy ha, khi tc dng gy mi s thay i nhiu, thm ch to ra mi khng
ph hp cho bia. Khi ha tan vo dch ng, tinh du tn ti trong bia v to ra
cho bia mt mi thm rt c trng rt nh nhng v d chu.
-Vai tr ca tannin: Vi hm lng trung bnh khong 4% trng lng hoa,
tannin c mt vai tr nht nh trong qu trnh cng ngh, t c nh hng trc
tip hay gin tip n cht lng bia. N gip dch ng trong nhanh hn v kt
ta cc thnh phn protein khng bn, lm tng bn keo cu bia, nhng mt
khc tannin cng lm kt ta cc protein bn lm gim kh nng to bt ca bia.
Cc dng hoa houblon s dng
Dng cnh: s dng trc tip hoa ti. Hoa c mu xanh hi vng, cnh hoa
phi c mu sng ng, hoa c cng nhiu lupulin cng tt. Cn phn bit hoa thm,
hoa c ng cao v ng thp. Cc loi hoa thm c c trng bi cng
v mi thm d chu hn, lng tinh du cao hm, nhng hm lng axit
ca chng thp hn so vi cc loi hoa ng, hoa thm vn c bn vi gi cao
hn. Cc loi hoa ng c c trng bi hm lng axit cao hn. Tuy nhin
hin nay s lng cc nh my s dng hoa houblon ti gim lin tc khi xut
hin cc ch phm hoa houblon.
Dng vin: C mu xanh, dng vin tr, c ng knh 5 mm (hm lng
cht ng 8%). Trong qu trnh nu dng hoa vin ny thng c dng vi hm
lng ln v cho vo giai on u l 1/2 v gia qu trnh nu hoa l 1/2 cn li.
C hai loi hoa vin l hoa vin 90 v hoa vin 45.
+ Hoa vin 90: 90 c ngha l 90kg cha tt c cc thnh phn trong hoa gc
c ch bin t 100kg hoa ti.
+ Hoa vin 45: l loi hoa vin giu lupulin trong cha ton b nha v
tinh du c trong ht lupulin
Dng cao: C hm lng cht ng thp nhng c hm lng tinh du cao v
vy cho cui qu trnh nu hoa trnh tn tht hm lng tinh du. Cao hoa c
th bo qun tt t 3 5 nm.

IV H vi sinh vt
Trong ngnh sn xut bia, cc ging nm men c chia thnh 2 nhm:
Nhm nm men ni vi cc c tnh :
- Nhit ln men: 1525 0C
- Ln men mnh, qu trnh ln men xy ra trn b mt ca mi trng.
- Khi qu trnh ln men kt thc, cc t bo kt chm, chui, to thnh lp dy trn
b mt cng vi bt bia, bia t trong chm.
- Kh nng ln men ng tam (rafinase) km (ch t 33%).
Nhm nm men chm vi cc c tnh:
- Nhit ln men:610 0C
- Qu trnh xy ra trong lng mi trng nn kh nng ln men tt.
- C kh nng ln men hon ton (v c th ln men ng rafinosse hon ton).
- Khi ln men xong, cc t bo kt thnh chm hoc chui kt lng xung y
thng ln men rt nhanh, nh vy bia chng t trong hn hn men ni.
Nh my s dng nm men chm Saccharomyces carlsbergensis vi y cc
c tnh ca chng nm men chm v nhiu u im vut tri:
- Ln men mnh trong lng mi trng; khi ht ngun cacbon trong mi trng, c
xu hng kt chm, chui v lng nhanh xung y thng ln men, lm trong bia
nhanh.
- Ln men c glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, saccharose, malttose.
- c bit rafinose v cc dextrin n gin,c ln men tt, thm ch nhit
thp t 610oC.
- Khng ln men c cc ng: lactose, inulin
- Ngoi ra chng nm men ny cn c kh nng ti s dng tt (6-8 i), t l t
bo cht <10%.
- Hin nay oc s dng kh ph bin cc nh my bia trn th gii. Sinh sn tt
8-25oC. nhit thp (28oC) chng sinh sn chm, nhng vn ln men mnh
v kh nng to bo t ca nm men ny yu. Trong mi trng c y vitamin
(c bit l vitamin B6) chng s pht trin tt nhng nh hng ca tng loi
vitamin ln nm men l khng ging nhau. Kh nng kt lng ca nm men ph
thuc vo nhiu yu t: cu to thnh t bo nm men, hm lng nit ha tan
trong mi trng, nhit , tr s din tch in ca t bo v pH ca mi trng
-Ch tiu trong chn ging nm men:

o Kh nng v tc ln men trong iu kin nhit thp vi dch ng

malt
o Kh nng kt lng i vi nhng loi ln men chm
o Hm lng cc sn phm bc 2 to thnh trong ln men
o Tnh n nh trong sn xut
o To ra hng v v cht lng sn phm dc trng

V . Nc
-Trong qu trnh sn xut bia, nc lun xut hin trong mi khu sn xut. T
cc cng on chnh nh nu, lc , ln men, cho n cc khu v sinh, ty ra.
-Thnh phn nc chim t 77-90% khi lng bia
-Vy nn, nc nh hng trc tip n cht lng ca bia trong qu trnh sn
xut
-Nc cn phi t nhng ch tiu cht lng nh:
o V mt cm quan: Khng mu, khng mi, khng v
o cng nh.
o Hm lng ion kim loi thp
o pH mc trung tnh (6,5-7)
o Ch s Coli thp.
Go
Malt
Nghin

Nghin

PHN 3: QUY TRNH NU BIA

H ha

ng ha
Nc nng

Lc dch ng

Ra b

Dch ng trong

Hoa houblon

Houblon ha

Dch ng houblon ha

Tch b hoa

B hoa

Lc lng xoy
Dch ng lc

Cht lm lnh Lm lnh nhanh lng xoy Cn

Dch ln men

Ln men

Thi b

I . Nghin nguyn liu

a , Nghin malt:
- Mc ch : nghin nh ht nhm tng b mt tip xc vi nc, lm cho s
xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn cht ca ni nh nhanh hn, thc y qu
trnh ng ha v cc qu trnh thy phn khc nhau..

-C 3 phng php nghin malt thng c dng l: nghin kh, nghin m

v nghin t.
1, Nghin kh: L malt sau khi lm sch c a vo my nghin m khng
b sung thm nc.
u im:
-C th nghin trc khi nu mt thi gian lu
-Nguyn tt malt c nhuyn km.
-D v sinh
Nhc im:
-Khng d c nguyn v
-Khi nghin bi bay ra nhiu.
2, Nghin m: L malt sau khi lm sch c ngm trong nc ri mi em
nghin, nh vy v tru cng nh cc thnh phn khc trong malt ht m tr ln
mm v dai hn. Cc thnh phn trong malt d dng tch khi v tru v v tru
c bo ton khi nghin.
u im:
-Phn v tru c bo ton
-Phn ni nh c nghin
Nhc im:
-Khng kh xm nhp vo dch hm to iu in cho cc phn ng oxy ha
khng mong mun xy ra.
3, Nghin t: Chia thnh hai loi nghin t c ngm v khng ngm. Vi
thit b nghin t c ngm, th malt s c ngm trong phu cha vi nhit
30-50 oC trong 10-30 pht, sau khi rt ht nc malt s c nghin nh nhng
bng i trc nghin to.
u im:
-V tru c bo ton.
-Dung tch cha trong thng lc ln.
Nhc im:
-Nghin khng tt vi cc loi malt cha nhin.
-Ngm khng u.
-Hot lc emzym v hot lc sinh hc khng c kim sot trong thng
ngm.
-Chi ph u t ln.

Vi nhng u im k trn nh my s dng loi nghin t c ngm vi malt

cho vo ni ng ha v s dng loi nghin kh cho malt lt.
b, Nghin go
Mc ch: Nghin nh ht nhm tng b mt tip xc vi nc, to iu kin
thun li cho qu trnh thy phn.
Nghin go cng c th dng cc phng php trn, Nhng d t c hiu
qu h ho v ng ho cao yu cu go phi c nghin tht mn do gii
php nghin go phng php nghin kh bng my nghin ba l phng php
n gin m t c hiu qu cao.

II. H ho
-Mc ch: H ho tinh bt nhm chuyn tinh bt dng khng tan thnh dng
ho tan, nh lm tng kh nng chuyn ho tinh bt thnh ng trong qu
trnh ng ho
-Cch tin hnh: Sau khi v sinh thit b, kim tra ng ng, van x hi, van
x y, bm nc vo ni, bt cnh khuy, bt i mch xay nhit
thng, cho tip ch phm Termamyl 120L 0,1% v ch phm Cereflo 0,04% vo.
Cho CaCl2 vo gip cho cc enzym bn vng nhit v nng cao hiu sut cc
cht ha tan. dch nhit 30 0C trong 30 pht enzym glucanaza hot ng
phn gii glucan (cc cu ni 1 4 glucozit) trong i mch to thnh oligosaccarit
c 3 5 n v glucoza. T s h thp nht ca dch hm lm d dng s lc
hay lng lc v sau. Cho H2SO4 iu chnh pH = 5,2 5,6 lm gim nht
ca cnh khuy. Ngm 38 - 40 0C trong vng 30 pht, sau nng nhit ln
58 600C gi trong 35 pht ri nng ln nhit si, gi nhit ny trong 30
pht h ha hon ton tinh bt ng thi Termamyl hot ng tt nhit ny
s b gy tinh bt thnh cc phn t to iu kin cho qu trnh ng ha sau ny
Sau ta chuyn ni cho sang ni ng ha lm hai ln bng thit b bm.
Trong khi dch cho bm sang ni malt th cnh khuy ca ni cho v ni malt
hot ng lin tc.

III. ng ho
-Mc ch: to cc iu kin thun li cho h enzym c sn trong malt nh
amylaza, proteaza, amylaphosphataza... xc tc qu trnh thu phn cc hp cht
cao phn t nh protein, tinh bt, cc hp cht cha phospho... thnh cc hp cht
thp phn t: tinh bt dextrin, ng; protein peptit, axit amin... y l cht
chit ca dch ng sau ny.
- C hai phng php nu bia ni chung l phng php ngm, phng php
un si tng phn.

a, Phng php ngm chit: Ngi ta ha bt vi nc mt nhit xc

nh, sau tng gim nhit bng cch thm nc nng hoc nc lnh. Ni
cch khc ton b khi nu c nng nhit v gi nhit ti cc mctheo yu cu
ca cng ngh (45 500C, 60 650C, 70 750C) trong thi gian thch hp,sau
c th nng nhit ca ton khi nu ln 780C v chuyn sang thit b lc.
u im:
-Thi gian nu ngn nn t tn nng lng.
-Khng cn u t ln v thit b.
Nhc im:
-Dch nu khng c un si nn ng ho c th khng trit
-Khng ph hp vi nh my c nguyn liu thay th.
b, Phng php un si tng phn: Ngi ta trch mt phn ca khi nu
em un si v sau trn lnvi phn cha un si nhm mc ch nng v gi
nhit ca khi nu qua cc mc theo cc yu cu cng ngh. C th tin hnh
un si mt ln, hai ln hoc ba ln.
u im:
-To ra bc nhy nhit , trnh dng cc nhit trung gian.
-un si mt phn ca dch ng lm tng nng sut s dung nguyn liu.
-Ch php loi b kt ta phc protein-tanin do ng t.
-iu chnh linh hot.
Nhc im:
-Phng php ny thng ko di thi gian.
-Gi thnh u t cao.
-Nng lng t km.
Nh my s dng nguyn liu thay th v vy khng th s dng phng php
ngm chit. Nh my s dng phng php php un si tng phn nhng vi mt
s bin i nh sau:
Nguyn liu thay th -go c un si trong ni nu h ha. Mt khc malt c
thy phn mt phn nh enzym ca chnh mnh trong ni ng ha, sau dch
cho c bm sang ni malt tin hnh ng ha. Vi phng php ny s c
u im thi gian nu c rt ngn m vn m bo hiu sut ng ho.

-Cch tin hnh: Sau khi v sinh sch s bng nc nng. c bit vi thit b
nghin malt t th malt sau khi a ra khi my nghin c trn vi nc theo
ng t l nh sn, vi t l malt/nc = 1/4. Nhit lc ny ca dch l 38
400C, cho tip axit H2SO4 iu chnh pH v 5,2 5,6. Gi nhit ny trong
khong 30 pht hot ha enzym Hemixelluloza, glucanaza thy phn v
glucan hoc protit phc tp bao quanh phn t tinh bt to iu kin cho enzym tn
cng vo tinh bt phn ct cc hp cht cao phn t d dng. Sau ta tin hnh
ng ha bng cch nng nhit t t theo ba giai on.
Bm dch cho sang ni ng ha sao cho nhit ni ng ha t 52 0C
v gi nhit ny trong 30 pht, y l giai on m ha. nhit ny thch
hp cho enzym proteaza hot ng nhm mc ch thy phn protein thnh axit
amin v peptit, n l ngun dinh dng cho nm men hot ng. Thnh phn ny
chim 5 7% so vi tng cht ha tan trong dch ng. Ngoi ra thnh phn ny
cn gp phn to cho bia c hng v m , tham gia vo qu trnh gi bt cho
bia gp phn nng cao cht lng ca bia.
Sau ta bm nt phn dch cho cn li sang ni ng ha tng nhit
ni ng ha ln 650C v gi nhit ny trong vng 30 pht, y l giai on
ng ha 1, nhit ny thch hp cho enzym amylaza hot ng thy phn
tinh bt thnh cc ng c kh nng ln men (thng l dextrin).
Sau nng nhit ln 720C gi nhit ny trong 20 pht enzym
amylaza hot ng ri nng nhit dch ln 78 0C, gi trong 30 pht ri bm sang
thit b lc.
Cc enzym hot ng trong giai on ny l:
H enzym amylaza gm: amylaza, amylaza. Chng phn ct tinh bt
thnh dextrin, maltoza, saccharoza... to ra ngun cacbon cho nm men s dng.
Enzym proteaza thy phn protit thnh albumo, pepton, peptit, axit amin, to
ngun nit cho nm men, lm tng kh nng to bt v gi bt cho bia.
-Thng qua nhit v pH ta tn dng ti a hot ng xc tc ca enzym
amylaza thu c nhiu cht ha tan nht hay thay i axit tng trong
cho bia, tng kh nng n nh ca bt, cht lng ca bia. Chnh v vy ta phi
dng v duy tr cc nhit 52 0C, 65 0C v 72 0C v gi pH = 5,2 5,6 cc
enzym t hot lc mnh nht.

IV. Lc dch ng
Mc ch: Qu trnh lc dch ng nhm tch dch ng ho tan khi b
malt. Trong b malt phn ln l v tru v nhiu hp cht khng tan khc c to
thnh trong qu trnh ng ho.

Lc dch ng c dng nguyn phn ly hoc lc. C th dng cc loi thit b

sau:
a, Thng lc (Lauteur tun):
Thng ch to bng thp khng g, c dng hnh tr y phng np hnh cu.
Xung quanh hnh tr c lp bo n, Bn trong cch y khong 1015mm c mt
y gi , y gi ny gm nhiu mnh ng ghp li. Hn hp dch malt s
c bm vo bn trn y gi. Dnh ng qua khc rnh nh, chy vo ng
ng thu dch. Cn b s cn li trn y gi l s c ra tri qua ca x b/
u im:
-C kh nng tch loi cn tt.
-Ch to v vn hnh thit b n gin
-C tnh t ng ha cao
Nhc im:
-Thit b cng knh chim nhiu din tch
b, My lc p kiu khung bn:
-Thit b ny gm nhng khung bng gang v nhng tm bn dy c nhng
ng rnh trn mt khung. B mt tm bng c trng mt lp ng mng.
Nguyn liu lc l nhng mnh vi th dy bng bng hay bng si nhn to. Cc
khung bn ny c p li vi nhau nh mt trc vt gia. Dch s c bm vo
tng khoang, v chy qua mng lc chy vo ng ng thu dch.
u im:
-Lc nhanh
-Cht lng dch lc tt, dch trong hn, hiu sut hoa tan tng 1%
-Hao tn nc ra b thp
-Chim t in tch
Nhc im:
-Sau mi ln lc phi tho lp cc khung bn do tn nhiu sc lao ng hn
-Tnh t dng ha thp hn.
-Thit b khng kn nn dch ng b oxy ho nhiu
-Chi ph vn hnh v bo tr cao.

Da trn c s u nhc im ca cc phng php. Nh my dng hng php

thng lc, v trong qu trnh nghin, nghin t ph php vi phng php ny.
Hn na phng php ny c tnh t ng ha cao hn hai phng php cn li.
Tuy lc chm hn phng php my p khung bn nhng v din tch lc ln ln
c th p ng c nhu cu sn xut.

V. Nu hoa
Mc ch:
Nu dch ng vi hoa houblon nhm:
+Trch ly cht ng, tinh du thm, polyphenol vo dch ng, to v ng
du v hng thm c trng cho bia sau ny.
+Polyphenol + protein to thnh cht kt ta v ko cn nh kt ta theo m
bo bn keo v n nh thnh phn bia.
+Cht ng trong hoa to sc cng b mt, c tc dng tt vi qu trnh to bt
cho bia.
+Cht ng nng d nh cng c tnh khng khun m bo bn sinh
hc cho bia.
a, Qu trnh cp nhit :
Qu trnh houblon ho cn bc hi mt lng nc ln (khong 812% so vi
th tch chung ca dch ng trong mt gi) Vic cp nhit cho thit b l ht sc
quan trng. C cc loi tht b un hoa vi cc kiu cp nhit nh sau:
Cp nhit trc tip:
L loi thit b c in, dng than t di y. Thit b ch to bng st thn
hnh tr, y hnh chm cu, kiu h, sau cht to bng dng tng kh nng
truyn nhit.
u im:
-R tin
-Thi gian un si 2-2,5h lm gim ng k hi cho php lng nc ra b
ln.
-Tng hiu sut thu hi cht chit.
Nhc im:
-Tiu tn nhiu nng lng.
-Tun hon v o trn dch ng km.
-Gy nhim mi trng xung quanh.
Cp nhit bng hi:

Nc ung ti p sut 2-3 bar to hi n vo o hi bao bc xung quanh y

ni ni nu. Hi truyn nhit vo dch ng v ngng t li trong khi dch ng
n n nhit si.
u im:
-H thng c tnh t dng ha cao
-Khng gy tht thot nhit v nhim mi trng
Nhc im:
-Cn phi thit k ni chu c p sut cao, gy tng chi ph.
-D gy nhit b mt y ni tng cao gy chy dch ng
Ni un hoa vi h thng cp nhit bn ngoi:
Dch ng lin tc cho chy vo h thng ng ng trong bun trao i
nhit, nh th dch ng c cp nhit. Trong khi dch ng cn li c cp
nhit di p sut thng th bn trong b trao i nhit c s qu p nh.
u im:
-Thi gian un gim 20-30% , tit kim nng lng.
-Tng hiu sut chit cht ng t hoa houblon.
-Protein to keo kt ta hon ton.
-C th iu chnh p sut hi nc d dng.
Nhc im :
-Cn thm nng lng bm tun hon
-Cn bo n trnh tht thot nhit
Cp nhit bn trong:
L nhit c cp nhit bn trong thit b, b phn trao i nhit c dng
ng chm, dch ng i qua ng, cn hi nng xung quanh cc ng. Do hi
n ngui i v ngng t li. Dch ng phn tn rng ra ngoi nh mt tm chn
phia trn chm ng. Dch tun hon tt bn trong ni un.
u im:
-Gi thnh u t thp hn, khng phi bo tr, khng bo n.
-Khng yu cu thm nng lng in
-Khng thm bc xa nhit
-C th s dng s dng p xut hi bo ha thp
-Dch ng si khng to bt m khng cn rt khng kh
Nhc im:
-Kh lm sch ni nu

-Nu hi qu nng, dch ng s b qu nhit bi tc dch chy trong m

chm.
Vi nhng nhng u im ni bt k trn, cng nh hiu qu thc t ca
phng php ny. Nh my dng thit b cp nhit bn trong.
b, Qu trnh nu hoa
Sau khi trn ln dch ng ban u vi dch ra b, dch c b sung thm
ng saccharose ta c hn hp cui cng, gi chung l dch ng ngt, c
c im sau:
V ngt, hng thm rt nh ca melanoit.
Rt c do cha nhiu cn, c bit l cc ht dng keo, nhng phn t ny
rt d b bin tnh v kt ta, tiu biu l nhng ht c phn t lng cao cha
nit.
Bia l loi ung c v ng du vi hng thm rt c trng v bn sinh
hc cao. dch ng ngt vi nhng tnh cht nu trn tr thnh hp cht tin
thn trc tip ca bia, iu cn thit l phi un si n vi hoa houblon trong 1,5
2 gi. Qu trnh ny din ra nh sau: sau khi bm dch ng t thng lc vo
thit b un hoa, dch lc c nng ln nhit 76 78 0C bng h thng gia nhit
trung tm v gi nhit ny trong khong 10 pht nhm mc ch enzym
amylaza ng ha nt tinh bt cn st li, sau un si dch ng v sau khi
un si khong 10 pht th cho ton b lng cao hoa vo to v ng cho bia
ng thi nh cc polyphenol c trong cao hoa kt hp vi cc cht keo, protit to
thnh phc cht d kt lng.sau khi un si c 10 pht ra cho 1/2 lng hoa vin
vo ni hoa cng to v ng cho bia v cc polyphenol c trong hoa vin kt
hp vi cc cht keo, protit to thnh phc cht d kt lng to mu cho bia.
Cho 1/2 lng hoa vin cn li vo ni trc khi kt thc qu trnh un si khong
10 pht to hng cho bia. Tng thi gian un hoa l 75 pht.

VI. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho

Trong dch ng sau khi un si vi hoablon c cha cc cn dng huyn
ph v cn t hoablon. c th cy ging nm men cn thit phi lm trong dch
tch b cn v lm lnh ti nhit ln men
a, Lng trong
Vi mc ch loi b cc cn nng, c nhng h thng sau:
1, Thng nng:

L mt thit b hnh tr c chiu cao thp, thng m np c b mt tip xc

gia dch v khng kh ln. dch trong hai gi ngui t nhin n 60 oC ri
cho i lm lnh tip.
Nhc im:
-Nguy c nhim vi sinh vt ln
-Thu hi nhit km
2, Ly tm:
Qu trnh phn tch s loi b cc cht rn dng huyn ph trong cht lng
bng cch s dng lc li tm.
u im:
-Lu lng ln.
-Kh nng t ng ha cao.
-Gn nh.
Nhc im:
-Chi ph ln trong vic mua my v bo tr
3, Lc:
Ngi ta dng my lc vi cc cht tr lc diatomit, c th tin hnh lc
nhit d nng, lnh hay nhit bnh thng.
u im:
-Cht lng dch lc tt, lc c c cn nng v cn lnh.
Nhc im:
-Gi tc nhn lc t
-Kh thao tc
4, Thng lng xoy ( Whirlpool):
Thng lng xoy c y hi nghing so vi mt phng ngang (1,5o ). Dch bm
vo vi vn tc ln theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh thng, v tr dch vo 1/3
chiu cao thng.
u im:
-Thit b n gin.
-t tn km cho vic lp t v s dng.
Nhc im:
-Tn tht dch ng ln (2 -3%)
-Nu vn hnh khng tt th vic phn tch tp cht v dch cng khng tt.

 T nhng nhn xt trn nh my x dng phng php thng lng xoy

Whirlpool.
Cch tin hnh:
Dch c bm t ni nu hoa sang ni lng xoy theo phng php tip tuyn
to thnh dng xoy. Di tc dng ca lc hng tm cn lng v cc cht
khng ha tan c khi lng ln s b xoy vo gia tm thng v lng xung y
thng
Thi gian lng 40 pht, nhit ca dch nhanh chng h xung 90 0C sau
dch c bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh cn cn lng xung c nn cht
y thng. Sau khi bm ht dch ng ta cho nc vo xi cn ra ngoi.
b, Lm lnh dch ng
Ph bin hin nay l thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn. Thit b ny kn
bao gm nhiu tm bn mnh bng thp khng g. Cc tm bn ny c ghp cht
vi nhau trn mt khung. Trong phn thnh 2 loi tht b trao i nhit mt cp
v hai cp
u dim:
-Bn, hiu sut cao, a nng
-D v sinh, m bo v trng.
-Gn nh.
V vy my s dng phng php lm lnh bng thit b trao i nhit tm
bn.mt cp
Cch tin hnh:
Thit b lm lnh nhanh dch ng xung 10 12 0C l dng trao i nhit
kiu tm bn hai cp. Dch ng sau khi lng trong c bm qua my lnh
nhanh. cp mt, dch ng v nc trao i nhit vi nhau, dch vo cp mt
c nhit 900C, khi i ra c nhit 35 0C, nc ra c nhit 600C.
cp hai, dch ng v cht ti lnh i ngc chiu nhau. Dch qua khi my
lnh t nhit 10 12 0C, dch ny c a sang thng ln men.

PHN 4 TNH CN BNG SN PHM

I. Lp k hoch sn xut

Nh my c thit k vi nng sut 40 triu lt bia/nm, c cu sn phm

70% bia chai v 30% bia hi. Nng dch ng trc ln men l 10Bx ng vi
bia hi. S dng nguyn liu thay th l go vi t l thay th l 30% cho tng
lng go v malt s dng.
Do nc ta nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma, min Bc kh hu c 4
ma rt khc nhau v vy m nhu cu tiu th bia cc ma cng khc nhau. Ma h
do thi tit nng nc nn nhu cu s dng bia cao, trong khi ma ng do thi tit
lnh nhu cu v bia gim. Do nh my phi c k hoch sn xut mt cch hp
l lng bia sn xut ra tiu th ht trnh lng ph.
Bng 3.1 K hoch sn xut ca nh my:
Qu

Phn trm
Bia hi

II

III

IV

C nm

20%

30%

30%

20%

100%

T l

5%

10%

10%

5%

30%

Sn lng
(triu lt)

12

12

Tng nng sut (triu lt)

2
8

12
40

Mt nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, trung bnh mi thng sn xut 25 ngy,

nhng ngy cn li duy tu, bo dng my mc thit b. Nng sut ln nht mt
qu l: 12 triu lt.
Nng sut ln nht mt ngy: 12.000.000/3/25 = 160.000 (lt).
Mi ngy nu 3 m, nng sut mt m l: 160000/3 =53.333 (lt).
1 nm
1 ngy
1 m
Nng sut, lt
40 triu
160.000
53.333

II. Tnh cn bng sn phm

1. Tnh lng bia v lng ng qua cc giai on
Trong qu trnh sn xut, tn tht cc cng on l khng th trnh khi nn
trong trong qu trnh tnh ton ta u phi tnh n lng tn tht tng cng
on. Lng tn tht ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cht lng nguyn liu, ch
cng ngh thit b.
Qa trnh
Tn tht (%)
Qa trnh chit block
1
Qa trnh sc CO2
0.5
Qa trnh lc
1,5
Qa trnh ln men chnh v ph trong mt
5
thng
Qa trnh lng trong
1
Th tch dch ng co khi lm lnh
3
Qa trnh nu hoa
8

 n gin ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia.

- Qu trnh chit bock tn tht 1%
Lng bia bo ha CO2 l:
100
101,010(l )
1 0,01

- Qu trnh bo ha CO2 tn tht 0,5%

Lng bia sau qu trnh lc l:
101,010
101,518(l )
1 0,005

-Qu trnh lc bia tn tht 1.5%

Lng bia sau qu trnh ln men ph l:
101,518
103,064(l )
1 0,015

- Qu trnh ln men chnh v ph tn tht 5%

Lng dch a vo ln men l:
103.064
108.488(l )
1 0,05

- Qu trnh lm lnh nhanh lm co th tch 3%

Lng dch ng sau khi nu hoa l:
108.488
111,843(l )
1 0,03

- Qu trnh nu hoa tn tht 8% th tch

Lng dch ng ha l:
111,843
121.568(l )
1 0,08

2. Lng hoa houblon s dng

Bia hi c ng 20 tc l hm lng cht ng l 20mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:

20
100 6667(mg ) 6,667( g )
0,3

S dng 80% hoa vin v 20% cao hoa.

Gi s, hoa vin c: hm lng - axit ng l 8%
hm lng - axit ng + nha mm l 12%
cao hoa c: hm lng - axit ng l 45%
hm lng - axit ng + nha mm l 40%
Gi lng hoa s dng l m(g).
Lng hoa vin l 0,8m. Lng cao hoa l 0,2m.
Lng cht ng trch ly c : 0,8m.(8%+12%)+ 0,2m.(45%+40%) = 0,33m(g)
Ta c : 0,33m =6,667(g)
Suy ra: m = 20,203 (g)
Lng hoa vin cn cho 100l bia hi : 0,8.20,203 = 16,162(g)
Lng cao hoa cn cho 100l bia hi: 0,2.20,203 = 4,041 (g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa
vin c m 60% th lng b hoa vin l:
16,162 (1 0,4)
1 0,6
= 24,243 (g)
3. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Thng s
Malt 70%
Go 30%
m
7%
13%
H s ha tan
78%
87%
Tn tht do nghin
0.5%
0.5%

Cc thng s ban u ca nguyn liu

-Dch ng a vo ln men c nng cht kh 10oBx c d20 = 1,040 kg/l
Khi lng dch ng a vo ln men l:
108,488.1,040 = 112,828 (kg)
Lng cht chit c trong dch a vo ln men (gm cht chit t go, malt +
cht chit t hoa houblon) l:
112,828.0,1 = 11,283 (kg)
(Ch phm enzym Termamyl b v hot v kt ta trong qu trnh nu hoa nn
khng cn tnh vo khi lng cht ha tan trong dch ng sau nu hoa na)
Qu trnh lng trong tn tht 1% cht kh. Lng cht chit t go v malt c
trong dch ng sau nu hoa:
11,283 0,007
11,390(kg)
1 0,01

Lng cht chit trong dch ng ha: 11,390 (kg)

+ Gi lng malt cn sn xut 100(l) bia hi l 0,7M(kg) th lng go cn
l 0,3M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t malt l:
0,7M.(1 - 0,07).(1 0,005).0,78 = 0,5052M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,3M.(1 0,13).(1 0,005).0,87 = 0,2259M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,5052M + 0,2259M = 0,7311M(kg)
Ta c: 0,7311M = 11,390(kg)
Suy ra : Lng malt cn l 0,7M= 10,905(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,3M = 4,674(kg)
4. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt nguyn liu l 10,905kg trong :
m W = 7%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
ho tan 78%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
10,905.(1 0,07).(1 0,005).(1-0,78) = 2,220(kg)
B c hm m 50%, khi lng b malt t l:

2,220
4,440(kg)
0,5

Lng go em nu l 4,674kg trong :

m W = 13%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
ho tan 87%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b go:
4,674.(1 0,13).(1 0,005).(1-0,87) = 0,526(kg)
B c hm m 50%, khi lng b go t l:
0,526
1,052(kg)
0,5

Tng lng b kh l: 2,220 + 0,526 = 2,746(kg)

Tng lng b t l: 4,440 + 1,052 = 5,492(kg)
Lng nc trong b l: 2,746 (kg)
5. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
- Lng nc trong qu trnh h ha:
ni h ha c s dng lng malt lt bng 10% lng go, tng lng bt cho
vo ni cho l: (4,674 + 0,1.4,674).(1-0,005) = 5,116 (kg)
B sung ch phm Termamyl vi t l 0,1% so vi lng go:
4,674 0,1
0,00467(kg)
100

+ T l phi trn nc:bt = 5:1, lng nc cho vo ni h ha l:

5.5,116 = 25,58 (kg)
Tng khi lng cha trong ni h ha l:
5,116 + 0,00467 + 25,58 = 30,701 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu:
4,674.0,13.(1-0,005) + 0,1.4,674.0,07.(1-0,005) = 0,637(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ha:
25,58 + 0,637 = 26,217(kg)
Trong qu trnh h ha, lng nc bay hi khong 5%:
26,217.0,05 = 1,311(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l: 30,701 1,311 = 29,390 (kg)
Khi lng nc trong dch cho cn li l: 26,217 1,311 = 24,906 (kg)

- Lng nc trong qu trnh ng ha:

Lng malt cho vo ni ng ha:
(10,905-0,1.4,674).(1-0,005) = 10,376 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt:
10,376.0,07 = 0,726 (kg)
+ T l phi trn nc:malt = 4:1
Lng nc cho vo ni malt l:
10,376.4 = 41,504 (kg)
Khi chuyn ton b dch cho sang ni ng ha, tng khi lng dch malt cho
l:
10,376 + 41,504 + 29,390 = 81,27 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ha l:
24,906 + 41,504 + 0,726 = 67,136 (kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ha, lng nc bay hi khong 5%:
67,136.0,05 = 3,357 (kg)
Khi lng dch ng sau ng ha: 81,27 3,357 = 77,913 (kg)
Lng nc cn li trong dch ng ha: 67,136 3,357 = 63,779 (kg)
- Lng nc ra b:
Khi lng dch ng a vo ln men l: 112,828 (kg)
Qu trnh lng trong, lnh nhanh tn tht 1% khi lng dch. Suy ra khi lng
dch ng sau nu hoa:
112,828
113,968(kg)
1 0,01

Lng nc c trong dch ng sau nu hoa:

113,968.(1-0.1) = 102,571(kg)
Khi nu hoa tn tht 8% th tch dch do nc bay hi. Lng nc trong dch
ng trc un hoa:
102,571
111,490(kg)
1 0,08

Lng nc trong b l:2,746 (kg)

Lng nc cn li sau ng ha: 63,779 (kg)
Suy ra lng nc ra b:
111,490 + 2,746 63,779 = 50,457 (kg)

6. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactic h pH ca dch xung
5,4 5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b sung
vo ni h ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung vo ni malt
bng khong 0,04% lng malt. Tng lng acid b sung l:
0,06% 4,674 + 0,04% 10,905 = 3,895.10-3(kg) = 3,895(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n (n nng 200 mg/l)
to cho bia v m , lng mui tng ng vi 100 lt bia l: 20g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v
mn c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 100 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,08 kg diatomide mi loi
v 25 g vinyl polypyriolidone.
* Cn lng:
Lng cht chit c trong dch a vo ln men (gm cht chit t go, malt +
cht chit t hoa houblon) l: 112,828.0,1 = 11,283 (kg)
(Ch phm enzym Termamyl b v hot v kt ta trong qu trnh nu hoa
nn khng cn tnh vo khi lng cht ha tan trong dch ng sau nu hoa na)
Qu trnh lng trong tn tht 1% cht kh. Lng cn kh:
(11,283 0,006).0,01 = 0,113(kg)
Lng cn lng c m 80%. Lng cn t:
0,113
0,565(kg)
1 0,8

* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia hi

* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia
hi
TT Tn
100(l)
1 m
1 ngy
1

Malt

10,905 kg

5816 kg

Go

4,674 kg

2492,8kg

Ch phm
Termamyl

0,00467
kg

2,5 kg

Nc nu cho

25,58 l

13643 l

Nc ng ha

41,504 l

22135 l

Nc ra b

50,457 l

26910 l

5,492 kg

2929 kg

Hoa vin

16,162 g

8,6 kg

Cao hoa

4,041 g

2,2kg

10

Dch ng ha

121,568 l

64836 l

11

Dch sau nu hoa

111,843 l

59650 l

12

Dch a vo ln
men

108,488 l

57861 l

13

Bia ti

103,064 l

54967 l

14

Bia sau lc

101,518 l

54143 l

15

Bia sau bo ha CO2

101,010 l

53872 l

III Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu

1 .My nghin
My nghin go
Mt m nu s dng 2492,8g go. Nghin trong 1 gi v hiu sut 80%
Nng xut my nghin go l:
2492,8
=3116( kg/h)
1.0,8

-Chn my nghin go l my nghin ba c nng sut 3,2tn/h.

-S lng l 1 my
My nghin malt lt
Mt m nu c s malt lt l: 249 kg chia lm hai ln. ta s dng chung vi
my nghin go.
My nghin malt t
Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin t l:
5816- 249 =5567 kg.
Thi gian nghin l 1h, hiu sut nghin l 80%.
Nng sut my nghin l:
5567
=6959(kg /h)
1.0,8

-Chn my nghin malt c nng sut 7tn/h.

-S lng l 1 my
My nghin
Malt
Go & Malt lt
Cng sut
7 tn/h
3,2 tn/h
Loi my
My nghin t
My nghin ba
hai i trc
S lng
1
1

2 .Ni h ha
Khi lng dch bt trong ni h ha ng vi mt m nu l: 30,701.533=16374kg
Khi lng ring ca hn hp dch bt l: 1,07 (tn/m3)
H s s dng ca ni nu l: 75%
Th tch thc ca ni nu l:
16,374
=20,4 (m3)
1,07 . 0,75

Chn thit b h ha l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn, lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau:
H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Th tch ni:
D 2
D 2

H (
h1 h13 )
4
8
6

D 2
D 2

0,6 D
0,2 D (0,2 D) 3
4
8
6

V = Vtr + Vy =
=
=
3
0,554D
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 20,4(m3). Suy ra: D = 3,33m.
Quy chun: D = 3,4m [bng XIII.6/359 STHC2]. H = 2,04m; h 1 = 0,68m; h2 =
0,51m => V=21,77m3
Chiu cao ton b ca thit b l:
Ht = H + h1 + h2 =2,04 + 0,68 + 0,51 = 3,23 (m)
B dy thp ch to l: 5 mm, phn v dy 50 mm.
Vy ng knh ngoi ca thit b h ha l:
Dn = D + 5.2 + (50 x 2) = 3400 +(50 x 2) = 3500 (mm) =3,5 (m)

Gi Hl l chiu cao phn 2 v: Hl = 0,8H = 0,8 x 2,04 = 1,632 (m)

Chn khong cch t nn nh n y thit b l 1m. Khi chiu cao tng th ca
ni s l: 3,23 + 1 = 4,23 (m)
Chn cnh khuy cong c ng knh bng 0,8D = 0,8 x 3,4 = 2,72 (m)
S vng quay ca cnh khuy l 30 vng/pht.
ng c cnh khuy l 7 kw.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit ly bng 0,5 m2/m3 dch.
Vy ta c din tch b mt truyn nhit l: F = 16,374 x 0,5 = 8,187 (m2)
Bng thng s k thut ca ni h ha
Dung tch ton phn l
21,77 m3
Din tch b mt truyn nhit

8,187 m2

ng knh trong

3,4 m

ng knh ngoi

3,5 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2,04m

Chiu cao phn y cu

0,68m

Chiu cao np

0.51m

Khong cch t nn nh n
y thit b
B dy thp ch to

4,23m

Vng quay cnh khuy

30 vng/ pht

Cng sut ng c

7 KW

5mm

4 .Ni ng ho
Tng khi lng dch trong ni ng ho ng vi mt m nu l: 81,27 .
533=43317kg=43,3 tn.
Dch bt c khi lng ring l 1,08 (tn/m3)
Th tch dch trong ni ng ho l:
43,3
1,08
= 40,09(m3)
Th tch s dng ca ni l 75%, th tch ca ni cn t l:
40,09
53,5(m 3 )
0,75

Chn thit b ng ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng

thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau:
H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =

D 2
D 2

H (
h1 h13 )
4
8
6

D 2
D 2

0,6 D
0,2 D (0,2 D ) 3
4
8
6

= 0,554D3
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 53,5. Suy ra: D = 4,59 m.
D = 4,6m. H = 2,76m; h1 = 0,92m; h2 = 0,69m =>V=60 m3
Chiu cao ton b ca thit b l:

Ht = H + h1 + h2 =2,76 + 0,92 + 0,69 = 4,37 (m)

B dy thp ch to l: 5 mm, phn v dy 50 mm.
Vy ng knh ngoi ca thit b h ha l:
Dn = D + (50 x 2) = 4600 +(50 x 2) = 4700 (mm) =4,7 (m)
Gi Hl l chiu cao phn 2 v: Hl = 0,8H = 0,8 x 2,76= 2,208 (m)
Chn khong cch t nn nh n y thit b l 1m. Khi chiu cao tng th ca
ni s l: 4,37 + 1 = 5,37 (m)
Chn cnh khuy cong c ng knh bng 0,8D =3,68 (m)
S vng quay ca cnh khuy l 30 vng/pht.
ng c cnh khuy l 8 kw.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit ly bng 0,5 m2/m3 dch.
Vy ta c din tch b mt truyn nhit l: F =40,09 x 0,5 = 20,045(m2)
Bng thng s k thut ca ni ng ha
Dung tch ton phn l
60 m3
Din tch b mt truyn nhit

20,045m2

ng knh trong

4,6 m

ng knh ngoi

4,7 m

Chiu cao thn tr

2,76m

Chiu cao phn y cu

0,92m

Chiu cao np

0,69m

Khong cch t nn nh n
y thit b
B dy thp ch to

5,37m

Vng quay cnh khuy

30 vng/ pht

Cng sut ng c

8 KW

5mm

5 .Thng lc y bng
Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.

h2

Khi lng b malt v go tng ng vi mt m nu l: 2,9 tn

Khi lng ring ca b l: 0,75 tn/m3
2,9
0,75
Th tch b l:
= 3,87(m3)
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,5(m)
Din tch y lc:

3,87
0,5

= 7,73(m2)
4 7,73

ng knh thng lc l: D =
3,14(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,2m.
Lp v bo n dy 50mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng l: Dng =3,3 m.
Np nn: h2 = 0,15D = 0,48m.
S

D 2 3,2 2

8,04(m 2 )
4
4

Din tch y lc thc t:

Khi lng ca dch lc l: 77,913.533=41528kg=41,5 tn
Khi lng ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l: 1,06tn/m3

Th tch dch lc l:

41,5
1,06

= 39,2(m3)
Vd
S

39,2
8,04

Chiu cao ca lp dch lc trong ni: hd =

=
= 4,87(m)
Th tch s dng ca thng l 70%, chiu cao thn tr ca thng l:
hd
0,7

4,87
0,7

Ht =
=
= 7(m)
y gi cch y tht 2cm, chiu cao thng phn thn tr ca thng l:
H = Ht + 0,02 = 7 + 0,02 = 7,02(m)
Chn chiu cao H l:7,1m
V

D 2
.3,2 2
H
7,1 57,07(m 3 )
4
4

Th tch thc ca ni:

.
H thng co b quay vi tc 16v/ph.
Li lc thit k cc khe hnh nm kch thc 0,5mm 70mm
Ca x b c thit k c ng knh 30cm c ng m bng ng c in. B
x ra c vt ti y sang xylo cha.
Bng thng s k thut ca thng lc
Dung tch ton phn l
57,07 m3
ng knh trong

3,2m

ng knh ngoi

3,3 m

Chiu cao thn tr

7,02m

Chiu cao np

0,48

Vng quay cnh khuy

16 vng/ pht

6 .Ni nu hoa
Dch nu hoa c th tch 64,8m3
Th tch s dng ca ni l 70%, th tch ca ni cn t l:
64,8
92,6(m 3 )
0,7

* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,8D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =

D 2
D 2

H (
h1 h13 )
4
8
6

D 2
D 2

0,8 D
0,2 D (0,2 D)3
4
8
6

= 0,711D3

Ta c: 0,711D3 = 92,6m3
D = 5,07m. D = 5,1m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca ni hoa: Dng = 5,3m.
H = 4,08m; h1 = 1,02m; h2 = 0,765m. `

Th tch thc ca ni: V = 94,31 (m3)

Ngoi v o hi thit b cn c thit k thit b gia nhit trung tm kiu ng
chm tng cng qu trnh un si mnh lit dch ng. Din tch trao i
nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni hoa l 64,8 m 3. Tng din tch b mt
trao i nhit: F = 0,5.64,8 = 32,4(m2)
Bng thng s k thut ca ni nu hoa
Dung tch ton phn l
94,31 m3
ng knh trong

5,1 m

ng knh ngoi

5,3 m

Chiu cao thn tr

4,08m

Chiu cao phn y cu

0,765 mm

Chiu cao np

1,02m

7 .Thng lng xoy

y bng nghing 2, thn tr H = 0,8D, np nn h2 = 0,15D.

h2

D 2
H
4

Th tch thng: V =
= 0,628D3
Th tch dch sau un hoa: 59,65m3
59,65
0,75

H s y ca thng l 75%, th tch thng cn t l:

Ta c: 0,628D3 = 79,5 m3. Suy ra: D = 5,02m
D = 5,1m. H = 4,08m; h2 = 0,765m.
Thnh thng dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng =5,2m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 83,3(m3).
Bng thng s k thut ca thng lng xoy Whirlpool
Dung tch ton phn l
83,3 m3
ng knh trong

5,1 m

ng knh ngoi

5,2 m

Chiu cao thn tr

4,08 m

Chiu cao np

0,765m

= 79,5(m3)

8. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh

* Chn thit b lnh nhanh l thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn c nng sut
80m3/h c cc thng s k thut:
S cp: 1
Cht ti nhit: nc, nhit u vo ca cht ti nhit: 2C
* Chn thit b sc kh c b phn lc v trng s dng than hot tnh, thit b sc
kh vo dch ng, cc ph kin km theo: ng lu lng, van mt chiu, van
gim p...
9. Thng nc nu
Chn thng cha nc nng v nc lnh c th tch nh nhau, thng thn tr H =
1,5D, y bng, np chm cu nh ln: h2 = 0,1D.
D 2
H
4

D 2
1,5 D
4

Th tch thng l:
=
= 1,178D3
Nc nu cho: 13,643 m3
Nc ng ho: 22,135m3
Nc ra b: 26,910m3
Nc v sinh khong 8% th tch ni ln nht l ni hoa:
0,08.83,3 = 6,664 (m3)
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m l:
13,643 + 22,135 + 26,910 + 6,664 = 69,35(m3)
Nh vy lng nc cn s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l 69,35 m 3. Ta ly
mi thng cha lng nc dng cho 1 m nu, tc l cha c: 69,35(m3)
69,35
0,85

Th tch cha ca thng 85%, th tch thng cn t:

= 81,6(m3)
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 81,6m3 Suy ra: D = 4,1m.
H = 6,15m; h2 = 0,41m.
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 81,2(m3).
thng nc nng, nc c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo ho
cp qua ng ng xon rut g.
Lp v bo n dy 100mm. ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 4,3m.
Bng thng s k thut ca thng nc nu

Dung tch ton phn l

81,2 m3

ng knh trong

4,1 m

ng knh ngoi

4,3 m

Chiu cao thn tr

6,15 mm

Chiu cao np

0,41m

9. H thng cip nu
H thng CIP nu gm: 1 thng NaOH 2% nng, 1 thng nc clo 10%, 1thng
HNO3 0,1%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h 1 = 0,1D,
np cu h2 = 0,1D. Th tch mi thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
H (

)
4
8
6

D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
1,5 D

4
8
6

V=
=
= 1,218D3
Lng CIP ra bng 8% th tch thng ln nht. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa l
thng c th tch ln nht 83,3 m3, th tch s dng ca thng l 80% th th tch
cc thng CIP cn t: 0,08.83,3/0,8 = 8,33(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 =8,33(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,9(m).
Quy chun: D = 2. H = 2,4m; h1 = 3m; h2 = 0,2m.
Th tch thc ca mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.23 = 9,74(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 2,01m
Bng thng s k thut ca thng CIP
Dung tch ton phn l
9,74 m3
ng knh trong

2m

ng knh ngoi

2,01m

Chiu cao thn tr

2,4 m

Chiu cao y

0,2 m

Chiu cao np

0,2 m

TI LIU THAM KHO:

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