Example 12:

A converging nozzle is used to isentropically accelerate air from a large reservoir at high
pressure and temperature T0 = 300 K to sonic velocity. The nozzle exit area is
Ae = 1.0 cm2 and the back pressure is pb = 100 kPa.

(a) Find the stagnation pressure in the reservoir, p0, exit temperature, Te,mass flowrate,
m , and volume flowrate of the air, Q.
(b) What happens to m if exit area is reduced by 50% for constant T0 and p0?
(c) What happens to m if exit area is increased by 200% for constant T0 and p0?
(d) Sketch T-s diagrams for parts (a), (b), and (c).

Known: Converging
nozzle with isentropic flow from large reservoir, Me = 1.0,

T0 = 300 K, Ae = 1.0 cm2, Pb = Pe = P* = 100 kPa

Assumptions: Steady, ideal gas with constant specific heats, one-dimensional flow
(uniform properties at each cross-section), isentropic flow, negligible gravity effects
Find: (a) P0, Te = T*, m choked , Q, (b) m for Ae = 0.50 cm2, (c) m for Ae = 2.0 cm2
(d) T-s diagrams for (a), (b), and (c)
Solution:

Properties: for air R = 286.9 J/(kgK) and k = 1.40 at STP

Answers: (a) 189 kPa, 250 K, 0.0442 kg/s, 31.7 L/s