Tourism,

Creativity
&
Regeneration
1

Introduction
The phenomenon of urban regeneration has

become increasingly prominent on

government agendas in recent years.
Regeneration lead to the redevelopment of
the place as cities and towns.
Tourism , culture and also the creativity are
the tools that being used to implemented this
regeneration

Regeneration
The department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS)

(2004) described regeneration as the positive

transformation of a place- whether residential,
commercial or open space that has previously
displayed symptoms of physical, social and economic
decline
Often viewed as revitalization(bringing new life) or
renaissance (being reborn)
It is a process thats aim to revitalize areas of the city
that have decline using a range of tools (e.g. property,
business, retail or arts developments) to enhance the
area physically, economically, socially or culturally.
3

Regeneration
Regeneration appeared to be driven initially

by cluster of artists and creative communities.

E.g. New York City (Bohemian Index and Gay

index)
The link between culture , creativity and new

technological encouraging economics growth.

Regeneration
Have to consider the aspect of People

Climate and Business climate.

Standardization
of
architectural
and
attractions development.
Culture is one of the element in the
regeneration process.
Culture can be defined as heritage, arts and
creative industries as well as incorporating
peoples everyday lifestyles (e.g. leisure,
shopping, eating and drinking)
5

Regeneration
Step in regeneration
1. Local economy must be diversified and
strengthened
2. Product development, diversification or

enhancement
3. Branding and image (unique of the product)
4. Positioning (competitors)
6

The Role of Culture in

Urban Regeneration
The role of culture in urban regeneration
Tool to enhance declining areas of cities (e.g.
reused old building)
Close links are maintained with the history and

heritage of place and local communities.

Culture become a commodity to be packaged

and sell much like any other

The Role of Culture in

Urban Regeneration
Examples of culture-led regeneration
Cultural and Ethnic quarters
Mixed used development areas for entertainment

facilities, retail outlets, eating and drinking places and

cultural venues (e.g. China Town, Little India and Little
Italies)

The arts , festivals and community development

This strategies would serve to reconstruct cities
external images, making them attractive to potential
investors and visitors. Boost the local economy through
art-related activities
8

The Role of Culture in

Urban Regeneration
The heritagisation of urban space
Using the heritage place and site as a tool for
regeneration.
The reuse of heritage buildings (e.g. former
factories and railways station) for modern
purpose
Grand Projects and Flagships
Developments of new culture attractions such a
museums, galleries or theaters or culture events
such as festivals and exhibitions
Become a host for mega- events.
9

The Role of Culture in

Urban Regeneration
Waterfront development schemes
Mixed-used development, combining
residences, recreational and cultural
developments
Mostly the place will be occupied by the
strangers to the city (e.g. urban professional
suburban communities and tourists)

10

The Main Principle of a Cultural Planning

Approach
to Urban Regeneration
Culture at the centre of and integral to planning
Democratic and community-orientated
Bottom-up approach
Pluralist, multi-stakeholder approach
Predominantly anthropological in approach
Local participation in the cultural and art activities
Emphasis on quality of life
Take account of cultural diversity
Negotiation of the local versus the national and
the global
10. Recognition of hybrid and multiple identities
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

11

The Main Principle of a Cultural Planning

Approach
to Urban Regeneration
11. Fostering civic pride, a sense of local identity and

ownership
12. Awareness of intangible aspects of culture
13. Animations of the cities through culture and creativity
14. High creative and bohemian indices
15. Access to public space
16. New, more tolerant space for social interaction
17. Spiritual and holy spaces
18. Space for fantasy
19. Creative approaches to development
20. Retention of local authenticity
12

Types of Development
stemming from
Regeneration Process
Iconic structures
The cities increasingly constructing iconic
landmarks as means of creating or changing
and image and focusing cultural and economic
activity (e.g. Bilbao Guggenheim Museum)
Heritage mining
Conserve the past because no more resources
to develop (e.g. Venice)

13

Types of Development
stemming from
Regeneration Process
Mega-events
Use major international events to stimulus to

development (e.g. Olympic Games, UNESCO

sponsored Universal Forum of Cultures)

Thematization
Developing a specific culture theme
E.g. New York positioning itself as the culture

capital of the world

14

The Creative Turn In

Regeneration
The reasons why creativity has become particularly

popular in urban development strategies:

1. Culture is associated with high culture which has a

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

traditional ,staid image

The cultural sector is not perceived as being very
flexible or dynamic
The creative sector is broader than the cultural sector
alone
The creative sector is directly linked to innovation
The creative industries include many aspects of
visual consumption
Women often play a key role in the development of
the creative industries
15

Models of Creative
Development
The elements that are important in any creative

regeneration strategies;
Clustering

Creative enterprises need a network of colleagues and

suppliers and clustering is therefore seen as providing an

impulse to both
individual creativity and collective
creativity

Consumer
In many cases creative enterprise need to attract
audiences or attract audience or consumer to specific
locations.
Large number of consumer also help to generate the
ambience which is important to make spaces and districts
attractive to live in.
16

Models of Creative
Development
Co-makership
Creative cluster need to involve both producers

and consumers in a process of co-makership of

creative experiences
Attractions that do not allow space for the
consumer to create their own experience or
help to shape the experiences produced by
creative enterprises are arguably not exploiting
the full potential of creative tourism

17

Models of Creative
Development
Clarity
Important to creative development in two sense :

Attracting audience depends on a certain level of

visibility
Must have the level of permeability of the consumer

Confidence
Not just having the faith to invest in creativity but
also involves the essential issues of trust
Confidence in ones ability to make such
developments work is also an essential element
in selling the idea of success
18

Materializing Activity
Creativity can be integrated into urban and

tourism activity
Creative spectacles
Many major arts festivals have effectively
become the term of creative spectacles
E.g. World of Wearable Art staged in New
Zealand in 2003 generates NZ$6.5 millions

19

Materializing
Activity
Creative Spaces
Often of fixed ideas, blanks state; spaces that are
multifunctional and that can be used to develop
different narratives
Can be designed to house a core of permanent
residence
Creative Tourism
Not just being there but reflexive interaction on the

part of tourist
E.g. Creative Tourism New Zealand including bone
carving, Maori language class , native flora weaving
20