VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNLOGY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT: REACTOR TECHNOLOGY IV + SUBJECT CODE: EHTRN4A. TEST PAPER 1: MARK 60; DURATION: 1H50: DATE: 20/09/2007 Examiners: Peter Osifo § 4 Pa Q QUESTION 1 (30 marks) Water at a mean temperature of 20 °C and velocity of and 1.5 mV/s, respectively, flows through a horizontal brass tube with diameter of 50 mm. Saturated steam at 60 °C bo surrounds the tube. Estimate the tube temperature and condensation rate per unit tube & | length, 6 _| Condensate a 91 “a7 wy Density (kg/m?) Spe fic Heat (kg. K) Conductivity (Wim. “| OKs Winey y (kg.m/s) r i oes xio™ | | (Heat of Vaporisation (k/kg) A 232 mis QUESTION 2 (30 marks) t A liquid hydrocarbon is to be cooled down from 160°C to 80°C by heat exchange with | 2.8 kg/s water (Cp= 4180 1/kg.K), The water enters the heat exchanger on the tube side at |, qj ® 15°C and must leave at 83°C. The tube-side heat transfer coefficient is known to be 1250 5° | Win?.K, : o i W | Available for this service is a heat exchanger with 2 tube passes and 1 shell pass. The heat exchanger contains 144 (72 per pass) steel tubes (ID = 23.0 mm; OD =25,4 mm; k= 43 Wim.k). e a i 8 xf | Hepes a I ‘The baffles are spaced at imcervals of 124 mm and are 25% cut (i.e. f = 0,1995). The tube df’ pattern is triangular, the tube pitch is 32.mm and the tubes $ m long per pass. The shelly has an inside diameter of 460 mm. ~ 4 Is this heat exchanger adequate to obtain the desired heat transfer? Liquid hydrocarbon | Density (kg/m’) Specific Heat (W7ig.K) ‘Thermal Conductivity (Wim.K) Viscosity (kg.m/s)Fareed Convectidn ~ Internal flow Nu 2430 Laminar, constant g, Gz < 20 Nu 366 Laminar, constant Tuy, Gz <20 i Na = 2-Gz" { é ) Laminar, constant Ting, Gz > 20 (Pour } Nv = 0,023- Re" Pr Turbulent, 17 = 0,4 for Tq > Ty 0,3 fe or Turbulent, L/D > 10 Liquid eros low over single cylinder Nur = 2,0+-0,60 Re" Pr” Flow over single sphere |Natural Conyeetsen Mi = bAGe Prt Range of System, ag’ 10!” |_Heated, facing dowmyard 1 i where, or cylinders: And, if platesvats | | For Gases f= $ and for liquids: f= i Bfeet 4 ‘natuval convection on laminar flow in tubes: ( +0,010-Gr"") fog(Re) Wyeleminor ragin eee LaHlorizantat tbe f= 0,729 { Boiling “fog ta, ~ a fa? A). dip, (o-8:(p Ped) wtp} GL yy = Film boiling on horizontal tube: h ytd & an) ,and 2, = 29 NiFignve 5: Correétion of LMTD for 2-4, 2-6 and 2-8 heat exchangers Nir 0,2: Re Pro? { Shell-sde heat transfer coefficient Cross-Hlow Exchangers Nu = 0,287- Re Prk Shell-site hent transfer coefficient where, values for F, 092 0,90 Nu = 0,37-ReMt. PhEXTRA ‘VAAL TRIANGLE TECHNIKON: DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT: Heat & Mass Transfer 1V SUBJECT CODE: EHCIY4A == DATE: 31/08/2004 TEST PAPER f DURATION 1H 30 Examiner: Peter Osifo Question 1 Marks 15 A fimace wall is to consist in series of 175mmn firebrick, 150mm of insulating brick and sufficient clay brick to reduce the heat to 315Wm* when the inside and the outside surface temperature are 815°C and 315°C respectively, Determine the required thickness of clay brick, Using this thickness, determine the reduction in thickness of the insulating brick if a 3 tm air gap is incorporated between the insulating brick and the clay brick. Assume that the heat loss remain the same ) s ‘Thermal conductivities Firebrick 2 LIT Wim-K ZL Insulating brick 0,26 Wim-K, Clay brick 0,69 Wim-K Air 0,03 Wim-K ‘Question 2 Marks 16 Exhaust gos flowing thru a double pipe heat exchanger at the rate of 0,3 kg/s are cooled from 400°C by OA kg/s of water initially at 10°C. If the total heat transfer area is 4m* and the , determine the lowest possible exhaust gas exit overall heat transfer coefficient is 140 Wit ‘temperature, ‘The specific heat capacities of exhaust gases and water are 1,13 and 4,19 ki/kg-k respectively. Hint: As a first altempt assume that the exhaust gas exit temperature is 150°C Question 3 Marks 20 _ Amyl acetate is to be cooled from 93 to 66 °C in double-pipe heat exchanger having a total outside area of 6,5m’, For cooling, a stream of toluene amounting to 3900 kg/h at a temperature of 38°C is available, The inner pipe is 35 mm i.d with wall thicknoss of 3.5mm, ‘The aniline flow rate is 4535 kg/h. (a) If the flow is countercurrent, what are the toluene a ‘utlet temperafure, the LMTD; and the overall héat-iransfer coefficient? (b) If the outside" — heat transfer coeffi pipe. (cal =4.184 J, it is 1.16 kW/m? °C, calculate the temperature of the outer surface of ee’! oy SrCORRELLATIONS SHEET Transient Conduction ‘Average temperature for a slab T,-T Laminar, constant g, Gz < 20 Laminar, constant Tai Gz < 20 Laminar, constant Tyais Gz> 20 Turbulent, 1 =0,4 for Tau > Ti n= 0,3 for Twat < Ts Turbulent, L/D > 10j APPENDIX At low Biot Numbers, for a sphere: in ; Seb a (10.20, l Cynder fea (10-218 jt | i | Lt | rt i i itl | | i | 1 | | | elt Li pi A ELE | Carnes Meares als é i a FIGURE Ins ge temperunes during unstendi-state heating or evoling of a lrg ae inilely tome tinder, ora sphere .Forced Convection ~ Intemal flow eee “(| Re®®- Pp* Nu= 7 yee ,023- Re™* oo( | Hout J Forced Convection ~ External flow Laminar, constant g. Gz <20 Laminar, constant Zi G2 < 20 Laminar, constant Trout, Gz > 20 ‘Turbulent, 0 = 0,4 for Tuau> Tr n= 3 for Four© Ti Turbulent, L/D > 10 Figure 2:Heat ransfer to air flowing normal to a single tube +0.56Re™) Nu = Pr®* (0, Nu = 2,04 0,60 Re Pr?" Liquid cross-flow over single cylinder Flow over single sphereHatton Mace Tromefa Cert 1 Soe tL Hl} A “1Y Condiction Moyes Corner Cueeaces gies § feure's Lao q= Katy TTS feat treacle arta. be oar Ths 9 =-yvl Go lr 20kL IT bowrranpres Bee 7 “ . ve Ts bbgabons Ee Woe ~ 7a [di | te Ae = AS ete v pact 12 AKT ( i= @ te 4}Gres boos S- Feuer! s Qe fea 2 oo Ve | ®o | She a ee ae a ee @ © Meet @s oo Bas Hohe Qe mente oe herweel Corba tiehy bby Laden, x ; ieee ov Ee =e Se i + -ObF, +3) - 2 @2x104)+ (CO 5F + O-BpF Q =e © Hert lms feo ee AS Osos oP [230 Wd BY ee © edeface — eee Jo ig Oy UU UU cL Wees Tee Ree, o- S23 0: Of& > 4 ose(Te eo) = oz ( (ooo — Te) Som Fe Me TK (es8to2)/) = qo+22 = | © Ts Be + we2<® OH ordered BY] Goa, qe. 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