Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP.

HCM

Mng My Tnh Cn Bn
Bi thc hnh s 2
Cc cng c mng trn Windows v Linux
H tn sinh vin: L c Nhn....................................
Nhm: A08..............MSSV: 51302695.........................
I. Mc tiu

Hiu bit v cu hnh TCP/IP trn h iu hnh Microsoft Windows, h iu hnh

Linux.

Hiu bit mt s lnh lin quan v mng.

II. Ni dung
1. Hiu bit v cu hnh TCP/IP trn h iu hnh Microsoft Windows
1. Xem thng tin TCP/IP

S dng lnh ipconfig xem thng tin cu hnh TCP/IP

Thng thng c hai Adapter (Network Interface Card v giao tip PPP)

Cho bit cc thng tin trn Network Interface Card:

IP Address:192.168.0.8.........................Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

.........................................................
Default Gateway:192.168.0.1...............DNS Server: google-public-dnsa.google.com...................................
2. Cp pht ng hoc cu hnh tnh thng tin TCP/IP

Start -> Settings -> Control Panel -> Network Connections -> Local Area
Connection -> Properties -> Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) -> Properties

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

Dng netsh cu hnh TCP/IP.

-netsh interface ip set address name="Local Area
Connection" static 192.168.0.100 255.255.255.0
192.168.0.1 1

2. Hiu bit v cu hnh TCP/IP trn h iu hnh Linux

Xem xt tp tin cu hnh /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-eth0. Cc

thng tin trong tp tin /etc/sysconfig/networking/devices/ifcfg-eth0 cu hnh
TCP/IP cho NIC th nht.

Nu c thay i v thng tin TCP/IP th thay i trong tp tin

/etc/sysconfig/ifcfg-ethx, sau khi ng li dch v nework:
# service network restart

3. Tm hiu mt s lnh lin quan v mng

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

1. Lnh ipconfig (ifconfig trn Linux/UNIX)

Ngi qun tr s dng lnh ny xem thng tin TCP/IP trn cc giao tip
mng, v dng cu hnh xin cp li ip t DHCP server, xem xa DNS cache,
ng k li DHCP server,... cho cc giao tip mng.

Cho bit c php ca lnh trn:

-

Xem thng tin TCP/IP: ifconfig a

Xin cp li IP: ipconfig/renew

Xa DNS cache: ipconfig/flushdns

2. Lnh netstat

Ngi qun tr s dng lnh ny xem xt ton din thng tin v h thng cc
b v b giao thc TCP/IP.

Cho bit kt qu ca lnh netstat a : hin th tt c cc kt ni v cc cng

ang lng nghe
Active Connections
Proto Local Address

Foreign Address

State

TCP 0.0.0.0:135

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:445

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:5357

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:7680

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:7790

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:47984

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:47989

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49408

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49409

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49410

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49411

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49412

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49414

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49417

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 0.0.0.0:49436

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 127.0.0.1:1001

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

TCP 127.0.0.1:5939

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 127.0.0.1:9990

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

kb:49420

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

kb:49421

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

kb:49428

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

kb:62167

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

kb:62168

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49413

kb:62859

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49418

kb:49419

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49419

kb:49418

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49420

kb:49413

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49421

kb:49413

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:49428

kb:49413

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62167

kb:49413

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62168

kb:49413

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62189

kb:65001

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62190

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 127.0.0.1:62190

kb:62191

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62191

kb:62190

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62859

kb:49413

ESTABLISHED

TCP 127.0.0.1:62915

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62916

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62945

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62947

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62949

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62951

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62953

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:62954

kb:wsd

TIME_WAIT

TCP 127.0.0.1:65000

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

TCP 127.0.0.1:65001

Pocolo:0

LISTENING

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

TCP 127.0.0.1:65001
TCP 169.254.241.227:139

kb:62189

ESTABLISHED

Pocolo:0

TCP 172.28.13.99:139

Pocolo:0

TCP 172.28.13.99:5357

PC122:1579

LISTENING
LISTENING
TIME_WAIT

TCP: Loi giao thc c s dng

Local Address v Foreign Address: 2 cng kt ni
Established: kt ni TCP n a ch c thnh lp
Listening: ang i nhn thng tin
Time_wait: ang trong trng thi ch.
3. Lnh tracert (traceroute trn Linux/UNIX)
Ngi qun tr s dng lnh ny d tm ng i n mt h thng khc, mc
ch xc nh c li xy ra khi khng thc hin c kt ni.
Cho bit kt qu ca lnh tracert www.google.com

ng i n www.google.com thng qua 5 bc

1&2. T my tnh n router
3. T router n nh cung cp dch v
4&5 Chuyn n trm trung tm nh mng

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

Lnh tracert www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn

Cc s 1ms, 2ms l thi gian tr trn ng i

Du * c ngha l khng xc nh v Request timed out cho thy l c th
tng la chn cc gi ICMP nn ta khng nhn c phn hi.
4. Lnh route

Ngi qun tr s dng lnh ny xem, thm hay loi b cc ng i trong

bng ng i ca mi my tnh.

Cho bit kt qu ca lnh route PRINT: xem bng nh tuyn

========================================================
Interface List //Lit k nhng Interface mng c trong my
10...d0 7e 35 f1 5b 45 ......Microsoft Wi-Fi Direct Virtual Adapter
17...44 8a 5b f2 0d a2 ......Killer e2200 Gigabit Ethernet Controller (NDIS 6.30)
42...08 00 27 00 d8 81 ......VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter
1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1
15...d0 7e 35 f1 5b 44 ......Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-AC 3160
12...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft Teredo Tunneling Adapter
5...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

41...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3

========================================================
IPv4 Route Table //Bng nh tuyn
Metric: l mt chun o lng ph thuc vo s router trn ng i.
Chng hn nh Hop Count. Khi mt gi tin truyn i t my tnh ny sang
my tnh khc thng qua 4 router th c Hop bng 4. Nu khng c thng s
no khc a ra th mt metric bng 4 s c gn.
Network Destination: a ch IP mng ch
Netmask: subnet
Gateway: a ch cng ra
Interface: a ch IP ca card mng hin hnh
127.0.0.0

255.0.0.0

On-link

127.0.0.1

306

gi ti a ch 127.0.00 c a ch submask l 255.0.0.0 th Interface

127.0.0.1 phi gi gi tin qua Gateway c ID l On-link v chi ph gi
ti l 360.
0.0.0.0

0.0.0.0

172.28.13.1

172.28.13.99

20

Tng t nhng 0.0.0.0 c ngha l rout ca a ch bt k no , c th l

bt k IP no.
========================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination
0.0.0.0

Netmask

Gateway

Interface Metric

0.0.0.0

172.28.13.1

127.0.0.0

255.0.0.0

On-link

127.0.0.1

255.255.255.255

On-link

127.0.0.1

306

127.255.255.255

255.255.255.255

On-link

127.0.0.1

306

169.254.0.0

255.255.0.0

172.28.13.99
127.0.0.1

20

306

On-link 169.254.241.227

276

169.254.241.227

255.255.255.255

On-link 169.254.241.227

276

169.254.255.255

255.255.255.255

On-link 169.254.241.227

276

172.28.13.0

255.255.255.0

On-link

172.28.13.99

276

172.28.13.99

255.255.255.255

On-link

172.28.13.99

276

172.28.13.255

255.255.255.255

On-link

172.28.13.99

276

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

224.0.0.0

240.0.0.0

On-link

127.0.0.1

306

224.0.0.0

240.0.0.0

On-link

172.28.13.99

224.0.0.0

240.0.0.0

On-link 169.254.241.227

276
276

255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255

On-link

127.0.0.1

306

255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255

On-link

172.28.13.99

255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255

On-link 169.254.241.227

276
276

=========================================================
Persistent Routes:
None
IPv6 Route Table //Tng t l mt bng nh tuyn
=========================================================
Active Routes:
If Metric Network Destination

Gateway

12

306 ::/0

On-link

306 ::1/128

12

306 2001::/32

12

306 2001:0:9d38:90d7:24c9:36dc:53e3:f29c/128

On-link
On-link
On-link

17

276 fe80::/64

On-link

42

276 fe80::/64

On-link

12

306 fe80::/64

On-link

17

276 fe80::1cf7:afbe:4b98:c0e9/128
On-link

12

306 fe80::24c9:36dc:53e3:f29c/128
On-link

42

276 fe80::490e:dbbd:43e6:f1e3/128
On-link

306 ff00::/8

On-link

17

276 ff00::/8

On-link

12

306 ff00::/8

On-link

42

276 ff00::/8

On-link

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

========================================================
5. Lnh ping

Ngi qun tr s dng lnh ny hi mt h thng khc chc chn rng

kt ni vn cn hot ng.

Cho bit kt qu ca lnh ping www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn

Ping www.google.com

32 bytes of data: kch thc mc nh gi tin gi l 32bytes

Time: thi gian delay ( tr) ca gi tin
TTL (Time to live): i vi windows th TTL max=128. Mi ln gi tin qua
mt router (Hop) th s gim i 1. Bng lnh ping ta c th on xem HOST
chy HH g v qua bao nhiu router. V d trong trng hp trn ta bit
sever google chy UNIX hoc LINUX v qua khong 6 router.

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

6. Cng c nslookup

Ngi qun tr s dng cng c ny kim tra hot ng ca h thng hi p

tn (Domain Name System).

Cho bit a ch IP ca www.vnn.vn (thc hin nslookup www.vnn.vn):

203.162.168.142
123.30.191.11

Cho bit a ch IP ca Mail eXchange domain hotmail.com (thc hin nslookup

-type=MX hotmail.com)
-172.28.2.4

7. SSH (Secure Shell) Client

Ngi qun tr s dng cng c kt ni vo mt h thng v lm vic t xa.

Thay th cho telnet, ftp, rcp, rsh, ...

Download Bitvise SSH, ci t 1 my lm server, 1 my lm client.

Cu hnh to ti khon ring trn my server vi quy tc: tn ti khon=M s
SV, pass= ty . Login t my client vi ti khon va to vo h thng my
server, chp 1 file bt k t my client vo my server. Ghi li quy trnh tng
bc lm.
SSH (ting Anh: Secure Shell) l mt giao thc mng dng thit lp kt ni
mng mt cch bo mt. SSH hot ng lp trn trong m hnh phn lp TCP/IP.
Cc cng c SSH (nh l OpenSSH, PuTTy,) cung cp cho ngi dng cch thc
thit lp kt ni mng c m ho to mt knh kt ni ring t
Cc c im chnh ca giao thc SSH l:
- Tnh b mt (Privacy) ca d liu thng qua vic m ho mnh m
- Tnh ton vn (integrity) ca thng tin truyn, m bo chng khng b bin i.
- Chng minh xc thc (authentication) ngha l bng chng nhn dng bn gi
v bn nhn
- Giy php (authorization) :dng iu khin truy cp n ti khon.
- Chuyn tip (forwarding) hoc to ng hm (tunneling) m ho nhng phin
khc da trn giao thc TCP/IP
Kin trc chung ca giao thc SSH

Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh i hc Bch Khoa TP. HCM

Server
Mt chng trnh cho php i vo kt ni SSH vi mt b my, trnh by xc thc, cp
php, Trong hu ht SSH b sung ca Unix th server thng l sshd.
Client
Mt chng trnh kt ni n SSH server v a ra yu cu nh l log me in hoc
copy this file. Trong SSH1, SSH2 v OpenSSH, client ch yu l ssh v scp.
Session
Mt phin kt ni gia mt client v mt server. N bt u sau khi client xc thc thnh
cng n mt server v kt thc khi kt ni chm dt. Session c th c tng tc vi
nhau hoc c th l mt chuyn ring.
Key
Mt lng d liu tng i nh, thng thng t mi n mt hoc hai ngn bit.

--HT--