:

1914.
COVER OF THE BOOK:

Serbian soldier at the railway station in Ni 1914.

UDK 069 (497.1)

YU ISSN 0352-8979

23

:
-







,

500

, 2014.

PA P E R S
The National Museum of Ni
Volume XXIII
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Slavia Popovi
EDITOR
Neboja Ozimi
EDITORIAL STAFF
Bojana Bori-Brekovi
Slavia Peri
Duica ivkovi
Natalija Jovanovi
Radoje Kosti
Jovana Stojanovi
Vesna Crnoglavac
Dragana Ilamovi
Marina Vlaisavlevi
TECHNICAL EDITOR
eljko Caji
PHOTOS
eljko Caji
TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH BY
Ivana Karadi
PROOFREADER
Milena Risti
PRINTED BY
Ni, 2015.
500 pcs

-CONTENTS


Selena Vitezovi




Slobodan Miti




Toni erkov
Gordana Jeremi
Dragana Vulovi


Zoran Stevanovi




Svetlana urevi




Aleksandar Dini



Ivan Miti



Neboja Ozimi

.



Mladen B. Mitrovi



.
Ivan M. Beci

Iva Trajkovi

................
OSSEOUS ARTEFACTS FROM STAREVO
CULTURE FROM THE COLLECTION OF THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM IN NI .................................................

........................................
AXES FROM MEDIEVAL COLLECTION OF THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NI ................................................

, (Naissus) ...............................
ABOUT ONE INTERESTING TOMB IN
JAGODIN MALA, NI (NAISSUS) .........................................

.........................................................
ALEKSINAC AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOOD IN
THE DECADE PRECEDING THE GREAT WAR .................

1918.
1924. .............................................
THE PARISHES OF THE ALEKSINAC REGENCY
FROM THE RESTORATION PERIOD OF 1918 UNTIL
THE NEW REGULATION 1924. ..............................................

1914-1915. ( )
KILLED AND DECEASED NI WARRIORS 1914-1915
(BURIED AT THE OLD CEMETERY) ....................................

...................................
THE FIRST ESCAPE FROM THE CONCENTRACION
CAMP OF CRVENI KRST (RED CROSS) .............................

..........................................
DRAGIA CVETKOVI AND NI JEWS IN THE
WORLD WAR II .......................................................................



.......................................................................................
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT SVETA PETKA
IN SIEVO AS NUCLEUS OF THE MUSEUM OF
INDUSTRALIZATION IN NI REGION AND ITS
SIGNIFICANCE FOR TOURISM ............................................
...........................................
NI DISCOUNT BANK .............................................................
..........................................................
THE COMB-MAKING CRAFT ................................................

9
17
21
28
37
57
67
79
81
100
101
112
113
129
131
142

143

154
163
178
181
191




Jelena Erdeljan





Dragana Iljamovi







Tijana Leki
Marina Teki
Vladimir Paji
Mia Jovanovi

...........
CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF
SYMBOLISM MOTIFS ON THE TOMBSTONES OF
THE OLD JEWISH CEMETERY IN NI ................................


........................................................................................
CONSERVATION OF THE GLASS AND CUP MADE
OF GLASS FROM ANTIQUE COLLECTION OF THE
NATIONAL MUSEUM IN NIS .................................................
, ,



.....................................................
CONSERVATION, RESTAURATION,
RECONSTRUCTION AND PRESENTATION OF
FRAGMENTS OF THE WALL IMAGES FROM THE
ROMAN PERIOD AT THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
MEDIANA IN THE VICINITY OF NI .................................

(2010-2015) ............................................



,, 1935-2012. ......................................................


2004. 2014. ...............................................................

1912-1918 ............................................................

1914/1915 ...................................
NAISSUS NECROPOLIS
.....

1964-1969,
.......................





- CCI Number 2007CB16IPO006 2011 2 91- ...............




3 .............................................................
12. ICCM (International Committee
for the conservation of Mosaics) 27-31. 2014,
- (, ) ..............................

197
204
213
238

239

250
253

273
279
307
309
315
319

325

335
343

ARHEOLOGIJA
ARCHAEOLOGY

1
:
,
20. : ,
.
,
. (,
, ),
,
.
.
: , -- ,
, , ,

2
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,
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,

1 : ,
,
, . 177020, ,
, . 147001, ,
.
2 ,
, , .
3 Cf. . , . , ,
XXXVII , , 9-11. . 2014,
, , 78-79.

 , .

, ,

, . ,
( 20. ),
,

, ,

.

4
, ,
. ,
;
.


p3. ,5 ,6

,7
.8
I , II , III
, IV , V ,
VI , VII VIII .
, ,
(, ).9

4 Cf. M.-L. Inizan, M. Reduron-Ballinger, H. Roche, J. Tixier, Technologie de la pierre taille, CNRS, Paris,
1995, 13-17, . . , ,
137 (4/2011), 465-480.
5 Cf. H. Camps-Fabrer, Matire et art mobilier dans la prhistoire nord-africaine et saharienne, Mmoires du
Centre de recherches anthropologiques prhistoriques et ethnographiques, 1966.
6 E. g., J.-L. Voruz, Outillages osseux et dynamisme industriel dans le nolithique jurassien, Lausanne, 1984.
7 C. Beldiman, Industria materiilor dure animale n preistoria Romniei. Resurse naturale, comuniti umane
i tehnologie din paleoliticul superior pn n neoliticul timpuriu, Asociaia Romn de Arheologie, Studii
dePreistorie, Supplementum 2, Editura Pro Universitaria, Bucureti, 2007.
8 A. Bakalov, Predmeti od kosti i roga u preneolitu i neolitu Srbije, Savez Arheolokih drutava Jugoslavije,
Beograd, 1979; S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u neolitu srednjeg Pomoravlja,
, , , 2007, 60-82; S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u starijem
i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana, , ,
, 2011, 61-68, S. Vitezovi, Analiza praistorijskih kotanih predmeta neka
metodoloka razmatranja, : N. Miladinovi Radmilovi, S. Vitezovi (ur.), Bioarheologija na Balkanu. Bilans
i perspektive. Radovi bioarheoloke sekcije Srpskog arheolokog drutva, Srpsko arheoloko drutvo - Blago
Sirmiuma, Beograd - Sremska Mitrovica, 2013, 107-132.
9 S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u neolitu srednjeg Pomoravlja, 60-82; Eadem, Kotana industrija u starijem
i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana, 61-68, Eadem, Analiza praistorijskih kotanih predmeta (...).

10



5 km ,
.
1935. -, 1954. 1958. . .
,
, -
.10 ,
, 2008.

.11

,
( ,
, ),
II .12 , ,
,
( , ,
). ,

.

, ,
, ,
.13 ,

, - .
( .)
,
.

10 . . , , , 1983; .
, , , 1973.
11 A. Bulatovi, D. Milanovi, Arheoloka istraivanja na lokalitetu Bubanj kod Novog Sela u 2012. godini, :
D. Antonovi, S. Golubovi, V. Biki (ur.), Projekti Arheolokog instituta u 2012. godini, Arheoloki institut,
Beograd, 2014, 20-23.
.
2008. 2009 cf. . , ,
XXXIV , 2628. 2011, ,
, 35.
12 . . , op. cit.
13 ,
2008. (. . , op. cit.),
, ,
.

11

I

I 1. . ( I 1
), .
(. I/1, 2). ,
,
.
, .

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,
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.

,
-- ,14 ,
,15 .16

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( ). ,
, .
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,
( , 17),
.18
III

III 2. .
(III 2 ), (. II/1,
2). () ;
, ,

14 Cf. . Makkay, Knochen, Geweih und Eberzahngegenstnde, Communicationes Archaeologiae Hungaricae

1990, abb. 10; Zs. Tth, Bone, antler and tusk tools of the Early Neolithic Krs Culture, in: A. Anders and Zs.
Siklsi (eds), The First Neolithic sites in Central/South-East European Transect, volume III, The Krs Culture
in Eastern Hungary. Bar International Series 2334, Oxford, 2012, fig. 1; C. Beldiman and D.-M. Sztancz,
Technology of skeletal materials of the Starevo-Cri Culture in Romania, in: S. A. Luca and Suciu C. (eds.),
The First Neolithic Sites in Central/South-East European Transect, vol II: Early Neolithic (Starevo-Cri) Sites
on the Territory of Romania. Oxford, BAR Internatioanl series 2188, 2011, fig. 3.
15 Cf. A. Bakalov, op. cit; S. Perii, Predmeti od kosti, roga i kamena iz Odseka za praistoriju Muzeja grada
Beograda, Beograd, Muzej grada Beograda, 1984, N. Russell, The bone tools, in: R. Tringham and D. Krsti
(eds.), Selevac. A neolithic village in Yugoslavia, UCLA, Los Angeles 1990, 521-548, S. Vitezovi, Kotana
industrija u neolitu srednjeg Pomoravlja.
16 J.-L. Voruz, op. cit.
17 . , -,
28, 2012: 233-246.
18 Eadem, Kotana industrija u starijem i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana, 171-172.

12

 , .
,
.
, .
, , ,
, .

,
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(,
, ) .
() --
, ,19 ,20 ,21
.
IV

, ,
, (
). , ,
.
, , ,
, . 2,6 x 2,3 cm.

, ,
,22
,23
.


, .
,
.

, .


, ,24 , 25
, .26

19 . Makkay, op. cit, abb. 15; Zs. Tth, op. cit, fig. 3.
20 S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u starijem i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana, 115.
21 Op. cit., 173.
22 cf. op. cit., 117-8.
23 cf. . , .
24 S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u starijem i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana, 91.
25 Op. cit., 176-177.
26 Op. cit., 212-213.

13

V

, ,
(. I/3).
, .
, 8 x 3.7 cm, , . 0.8 x 0.8
cm. , ,
, .
, .

, , ,
, ,
, .
VI

(. I/4).
, .
,
. ,
.
.
.


. , ,
,27 .28 ,
29 .30



, .
.
,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.31

27 S. Vitezovi, The White Beauty Starevo culture jewellery, Documenta Praehistorica XXXIX, 2012, fig. 4.
28 Op. cit., fig. 10.
29 J. Makkay, op. cit.
30 C. Beldiman, Industria materiilor dure animale n preistoria Romniei. Resurse naturale, comuniti umane
i tehnologie din paleoliticul superior pn n neoliticul timpuriu, 138.
31 M. . , : ,

14


(. III).

/,
,
(. III/2).
, , ,
(. III/2). ,
.

,
(. III/3). ,
( ), .
, ,
, . 6
(, ), (,
). , ,
, .


,32 ,
,33
, ,
. , ,
( )
.
,
.

, ,
; ,

. ,
, , ,
(Tell Mureybet),
.
, ,
,
.34

--

, , 2006, 67.
32 . , , . (.),
, , , 2004, 120.
33 . : A. Peltier, tude exprimentale des
surfaces osseuses faonnes et utilises, Bulletin de la Socit Prhistorique Franaise 83/1 (1986), 57; N.
Russell, op. cit.
34 D. Stordeur et R. Christodou, Lindustrie de los, in: J. J. Ibez (ed.), Le site nolithique de Tell Mureybet
(Syrie du Nord). En hommage Jacques Cauvin, Oxford, BAR International Series XXXX, 2008, 522-528.

15


-35 ,
; 36
.


,
/ (. II/3).
, .
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.37
, .


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,
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;
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- ; ,38
;
.39

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35 S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u starijem i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana, 147.

36 Op. cit.
37 Op. cit.
38 S. Vitezovi, Kotana industrija u starijem i srednjem neolitu centralnog Balkana.
39 Zs. Tth, op. cit.

16


. ,
( ) .
, ,
.



. , ,
.40
, ,
.
,
, , .
Selena Vitezovi
Osseous artefacts from Starevo culture from the collection of the National museum in Ni
Summary
In this paper were analysed several artefacts dated into Early/Middle Neolithic Starevo culture, originating
from the excavations carried out in the mid-20th century: 16 from Bubanj Novo Selo, three from Vrtite
Velika esma and one from Staro Selite. These artefacts lack contextual data, however, even these old
collections may yield some information on typological and technological trait, and since the Starevo bone
industry is poorly known in the area, these data are important for the overall analysis of the Starevo bone
technology.
The collection from Bubanj included several awls, made from longitudinally split long bones from small
ruminants. Two of them were made from metapodial bones and had distal epiphyses preserved at basal parts.
Their points were sharp and usewear traces consist of wear and polish. One projectile point made from
mandible was also in the collection. Two scrapers from unsplit ribs were found, with rounded, heavily used
working edges. Punching tools included several smaller punches made from red deer antler tines, with natural
tine tips modified, and one hammer from shed antler, with large perforation, probably also belongs to the
Starevo culture layers. One decorative disc made from long bone was discovered, finely made and polished,
although fragmented. One spoon made from long bone may also belong to the Starevo culture.
The collection from Vrtite included one heavy point, with unusual basal part, which may have been used
as well, one metapodial awl with distal epiphysis preserved and one unusual artefact, leaf-shaped spatula
with serrated edges and with broken perforation, heavily polished from use. From Staro Selite comes one
metapodial awl, made by combination of abrasion and cutting.
These artefacts display some of the technological traits typical for the Starevo-Krs-Cri cultural complex,
especially method for shaping metapodial awls using mainly abrasion and methods for manufacturing antler
tools. Some tool types also are characteristic for this period, especially decorative disc should be outlined, thus
showing further the geographical and chronological distribution of the characteristic traits for the Starevo
osseous industries. Particularly interesting is the presence of one artefact with serrated edges; these items are
of Near-eastern origin and occur only rarely in South-East Europe. The leaf-shaped spatula is a unique find so
far on the Starevo culture territory.

40 Cf. . ,
, 18, 2002: 25-43. ; S. Vitezovi, op. cit.

17

 I: 1) , , 2) ,
, 3) , , 4) , (: . ).
Table I: 1) metapodial awl, Bubanj, 2) metapodial awl, Bubanj, 3) spoon, Bubanj, 4)
decorative disc, Bubanj (Photo: S. Vitezovi).

18

 II: 1) , , 2) , , 3)
, (: . ).
Table II: 1) rib scraper, Bubanj, 2) rib scraper, Bubanj, 3) metapodial awl, Staro Selite
(Photo: S. Vitezovi).

19

 III: 1) , , 2) , , 3)
, (: . ).
Table III: 1) heavy point, Vrtite, 2) metapodial awl, Vrtite, 3) spatula with serrated
edges, Vrtite (Drawings: A. Kapuran).

20

:
.

,
, , .

: , ,

.
,
,
.1 , ,
, .2
,3
.4 ,
,
. ,

,5 , ,
.
.
,
().6

.

1 . ,
, 2005, 21.
2 . , ,
17, 2001, 199.
3 . , . , ,
1950, 117-118.
4 , 118.
5 . , . , 21.
6 .

21

.7 , XVIII
, ,
, . .
.8

(T. I, . 1)
. ,
. . 17,3
cm, 13,0 cm, 6,7 cm.
I VII
,9 - VII VIII
, ,
.10
,
Qafa .11
X XI
.12 XI XIII
13 .14
XII-XIII ,15
,16

7 Nicephori Gregorae, Byzantina Historia I-II, ed. L. Schopenus, Bonnae 1829-1830, 377-378.
8 . . , , , 1957, 95-97.
9 . , , 1988, 65-66, . IX/1-5, . X/1-2; . ,
18. , 2008, 35-36, . IV/52;
D. Mrkobrad, Arheoloki nalazi seobe naroda u Jugoslaviji, Beograd 1980, 99, T. LXXX/8, CXXXVIII/1;
. , - 1690.
, 1985-1986, 61, . . 121; . ,
, 9/10, 2003, 92, . 23.
10 R. Mller, Die datierung der mittelalterlichen eisengeratfunde in Ungaren, Acta archaeologica ASH XXVII
,1975, 82; B. Dostal, Slovenska pohvebit ze stfedni doby na Morave, Praha 1966, 71, sl. 15/9; F. Ivaniek,
Istraivanje nekropole ranog srednjeg vijeka u Bijelom Brdu, Ljetopis JAZU 55, 1949, 138-139, sl. 51a, 51b;
J. Beloevi, Materijalna kultura Hrvata od 7. do 9. stoljea, Zagreb 1980, 102-104, T. XXXVIII/4,6; K.
Simoni, Skupni nalaz orua i oruja iz Nartskih Novaka, Vjesnik Arheolokog muzeja u Zagrebu, 3. serija- sv.
XV, 1982, 257, T 2: 1; M. Petrinec, Dva starohrvatska groblja u Biskupiji kod Knina, Vjesnik za arheologiju
i povijest dalmatinsku 98, 2005, 196, . 1/8; D. Jelovina, Starohrvatske nekropole na podruju izmeu rijeka
Zrmanje i Cijetine, Split 1976, 118, . XXXIV/1; K. Filipec, Kasnoavarski ukrasni okov (falera) u obliku
veprove glave iz Siska, Godinjak Gradskog muzeja Sisak III-IV, 2002-2003, 121, Sl. 4.
11 I. remonik, Ranoslavensko naselje Jazbine u Batkoviu kod Bijeljine, Godisnjak Centra za balkanoloka
ispitivanja ANU B i H, knj. 13, 1977, 275-276, T. XII/9; F. Prendi, Nj varrez e cultures arbrore n Lezh,
Iliria IX-X, 1979-1980, 127, T. III.
12 . , . , me
, (..) LXIII, 2013, 134, . 2. 5.
13 . , . , , ,
1981, 90, . . 91.
14 . , , 2000, 84, . . 102, . 18/102.
15 . , . , , (. .) XXXIX, 1988, 140141, . 12/2.
16 . ,
( 12-17. ), 2001, 27, . . 135, . 31/135.

22

 XIVXVI .17
XII XV . 18
XV, XVI .19
X XIV , ,
.20
,
.

(T. I, . 2).
12,0 cm, 9,2 cm, 6,4
cm.
XI XIII ,
XI-XIII .21
XIII ,22
XIII-XIV
,23 .24

XIV .25 (
) ,
XII-XIII .26
, , ,
.27 XII-XIV
.28
XI XIV .

17 . , . , 139, .. 354.
18 S. Vetni, Medieval weapons and implements deriving from the Middle Morava basin, Balcanoslavica 10,
1983, 141, Pl. III/8.
19 . , , - 2008, 110, 120, . . 26.
20 .. , , - , , , 1985, 255, . 97/19, 20; . .
, . . , , - , , , 1985, 311,
VIII, . 127, 24; . . , , - ,
1987, 113-114, . LII, 11,19.
21 . , . , 82, . . 82-85, . 16/82-85.
22 . , 2005, . , 24-25, . . 54, 57, . 10/54.
23 . , . , 85, . . 193, 239.
24 . , XIII-XVII , 1987, 25, . . 52,53, .
XVIII/52,53; XIV .
25 O. , , XX,
1990, 55-56, . 2, . I/2.
26 . , . , . , 140-141, . 12/3.
27 . , , 9, 1960,
186, 192, 194, b. I 7, b. III 20; . -,
, 15, 2004, 32, . 34.
28 .. , . , 255, . 97/12,13; .. , . . , . , 311, . 127,
25,26.

23

 ,
.
, (T. II, . 1).
20,9 cm, 12,7 cm,
8,8 cm. ,
- VIII .29 X-XI
,30
IX
.31 X
XIV ,32 - ,
VII-VIII .33
,34
IX, X , aszczw .35
XVII
,36
XIII-XV .37

, XIX XX .38

,
,
.

,
.

29 . . , , - , 1967, 158, . 43, 24-25.

30 . . , , , 1981, 78,
. 52. 118, 121.
31 .. , V-IX , , IV XIII , 2003, 204, . 90.
10,11.
32 .. , . . , . , 310, . 127, 3; . . , . , 102, . XLIII/14.
33 . . , , - , 1987,
134, . LII/6.
34 K. Filipec, Bojna sjekira iz Marinbroda na Banovini, Vjesnik Arheolokog muzeja u Zagrebu, 3. serija - vol.
XLIII, 2010, 136, Sl. 2.
35 P. N. Kotowicz, The early medieval ornamented axes from territory of Poland, in: Militaria Mediaevalia
in Central and South Eastern Europe, Studia Universitas Cibiniensis, Series Historica, Supplementum No. 1,
Sibiu 2011, 108, Fig. 2:3.
36 M. , ,
, XXX, 1983, 61, . II, 17; . , . ,
40-41, . VII/77.
37 A. Lalovi, Srednjovekovno oruje iz Narodnog muzeja u Zajearu i Zaviajnog muzeja u Knjaevcu,Zbornik
radova Muzeja rudarstva i metalurgije 2, 1982, 82, T. V, sl. 46.
38 . , ,
, 76, 2012, 221-243, . . 2, 3;
, , , ,
.

24

 (T.
III, . 1)
, .
. ,
, . , .
17,6 cm, 15,2 cm,
4,1 cm.
(T. IV, . 1).
. ,
, , .
15,3 cm, 14,7 cm, 3,0 cm.

,
.39
III IV ,40
( )
III VII .41 ,
.42 VI
, 43
.44 VIIVIII Kalaja Dalmaces ,
-.45 .
VI
.
,

.46 , . Poulik a

.47
IX-X ,48
, XIII XV
,49 50

39 D. Pribakovi, Prilog hronologiji naoruanja Slovena u VI i VII veku, Vesnik Vojnog muzeja 11-12, 1966, 53.
40 . , I, 2010, . 182.
41 P. pehar, Materijalna kultura iz ranovizantijskih utvrenja u erdapu, Beograd 2010, 100, kat. br. 426, T.
XXIV/426.
42 . , . , XIII -, , , . XI, 4, XLIII, 1.
43 K. Simoni, . , 257, T. 2/2.
44 A. Miloevi, Jo jedan tip kasnoantike bojne sekire u Dalmaciji, Starohrvatska prosvjeta serija III svezak 18, 1988, 195, Sl. 1.
45 H. Spahiu, Verreze Kala s Dalmaces, Iliria 1, 1971, 227-262, . I/6, T. III/6.
46 A. Miloevi, . , 199.
47 J. Poulik, Staroslovansk Morava, Praha 1948, 37.
48 . , VIII-XIV . III, 1992, 170, . 155.1.
49 A. Lalovi, . , 75, kat. br. 40, T. IV, sl. 40.
50 . , 2005, . , 26, 137, . . 76, . 13/76.

25

 .51
, ,

. ,

,
.
.
(. V, . 1, . VI, . 1,2) ,
,
.
.
. 40,0 cm, 16,2
cm, 7,0 cm. ,
, , , .52

, rumi .
,
.53
XVII ,54
XVII-XVIII .55

XVIII-XIX .56
XVIII ,
,57
XV-XVI .58
XV , XVIII .
,
.59 ,
XVIIXVIII .

51 . , . , 135, . . 341.
52 . . , , 2002, 182.
53 . . , . , 97; . , - M
, I, 2008, 73; . . , . , 182.
54 D. Pileti, Zbirka topuza, buzdovana, nadaka i bojnih sekira u Vojnom muzeju, Vesnik Vojnog muzeja 28,
1982, 76, . VII/4.
55 . , . , 207, . . 556.
56 . , . , 73, 148-150.
57 M. ercer, Staro oruje na motki, katalog muzejskih zbirki VII, Zagreb 1972, 65, k. br. 149, T. 17.
58 . , . , 200, . . 6, . 2/2.
59 , 201.

26


,
. ,
, ,
, .60
,
. .
,
.61

. ,

. .

.

60 . , . , 61.
61 , 69,72.

27

Slobodan Miti
Axes from medieval collection of the National Museum of Ni
Summary
This paper deals with elaboration and analysis of six axes that are deposited in a medieval collection of the
National Museum in Nis. The main issues are related to dating, but also to determining the purpose of those
axes because they happen to be quite accidental findings. Some axes specimens elaborated in this paper had
been used in their unaltered form from the antiquity until the late Middle Ages, and due to the fact that they
have not originated from archaeological excavations, their precise dating is impossible without certain physical
and chemical analysis. Taking that into consideration, the only way in which the axes may be chronologically
determined are analogies or parallels from closed archaeological wholes, with the help of which one roughly
assessed time of use of these items, which we find on our localities as well as in neighboring countries, but
also in Russia and Poland. Similar problem also arises when attempting to determine function, i.e. whether the
object was used as a weapon or a tool. The attitude of certain authors was stated at the beginning, and we can
surely conclude that the only specimen used as a weapon is a Turkish ax balta, while other specimens could
have been used as tools but also as weapons in difficult times, and vice versa. The published material is part
of the medieval collection fund of the National Museum in Nis, which so far has not been either exhibited or
published, and it is exactly that fact that contributes to further popularization of the archaeological material.

28

. I, . 1, 2.

29

. II, . 1.

30

. III, . 1.

31

. IV, . 1.

32

. V, . 1.

33

. VI, . 1,2.

34

, (Naissus)
: -
, (Naissus) 2012. ,
,
, (
-6/2012). ,
, . ,
,
, IV ,
/ ,
, .

,

,
.
: , , , ,
, , IV , , - Naissus.

, , ,
2012.
Benetton Serbia (
) . 58, , ,
.
,
,
. ,
,
, .

a ,
: , ,
(. 177007).

35

 II-III , , IV VI
VII ,
.1 ,
, .
,
, ,
.2


: ,
,
, ( ,
), .

2012. , ,
1 ,
, ,
-6, 6.3 - 6
. ,
- - (. 1).
31, 6,
, , 31 (. 2).

6 ,
197, 29 m,
, , 198,00 m.
: 2,74 x 1,30 m, 1,90 x 0,60 m.
0,71 m. , :
, , , ,
, ,
, .
,
. , 41 x 28 x 4 cm 40
x 27 x 3,5 cm,
, 0,5 cm. ,

1 . , , : , , . . ,
, , , 2014, 13.
2 . , , VIII-IX (1933-34), 1934,
. 1; . , . , 18-22, .
3 ,
.
, - ,
. A
, .
, . .
, , , , .
, , .
.
.

36

, , ,
8 cm, .
,
.
, .

,
, , . , ,
56 cm. , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
. , ,
54 54 7 cm, 55,5 54 6 cm 55 54 6
cm, , , 32,
6 4 m . ,
,
.
, .
, ,
, , , .

(.
3, 4), (. I-III).
, .
, , ,
, , ,
.

1. (speculum)


(. 1, T. I, 1). ,
. 4,5 x
4,5 cm, 3,5
cm. ,
.
,
, .
, . 3,
6-7 , .


, .
,
, ,
,

37

, .4
,
, , (,
, ), .

6
.
,
,
.
130 (123
- Viminacium, 3 - Pincum 4
- Iovis Pagus).5 ,
10 .6
, , 5,7 x 5,4 cm 5,6 x
5,6 cm, 3,3-3,4 cm.
.
, III IV .7

,
1913. ,
, VTERE FELIX /
BENE.8
, III
(238-244), III .
,
, 6,0 x 6,0 cm, 3,4
4,9 cm.9
,
( ),
36 , III .10

4 J. Fitz, Bleigegenstnde, in: Intercisa II (Dunapentele). Geschichte der Stadt in der Rmerzeit, Budapest
1957, 392, .
5 . , , Viminacivm 10 (1995-1996),
1996, 30.
6 , (10 ),
(133) (52). . . , . , 43.
7 . , . , 51-52, . 22,23, . 22, 23.
8 . , . , 58-59, . 1.
9 J. Fitz, op. cit., 394-395, at. 13, 19, 25, . LXXV, 5; LXXVI, 1-2.
10 . , , :
, . . , , 1995, T. VII, 1.

38

2-4. (aci)

, ,
(. 2, 3, T. I, 2, 3),11
, 15 cm (. 4, T. I, 4).
.
, .

6,
:
16, (20-29 ),
( 66, 20-24 ).12


. . 2
3 , . 3
( 6-7 ),
(. 4)
( 4), ( 20
),
, .
5-8. (anuli)

(. 3)
o
(. 5-8, . I, 5-8) .
.13 ,
, . ,
, , .


( II -85) .14
,
.15
,
II, IV .16

11 . [. .], (), : , , 107, . 85.

12 . [. .], , : , , 107-108, . 86, 87; . . ,
. . , . . , (Naissus), 30
(2014), .
13 . [. .], , : , , 63, . 6.
14 ,
, ,
. : , , 61, . 2
(); 75, . 29 (); 90, . 59 ().
15 , , 62, . 4 ().
16 A. Jovanovi, Nakit u rimskoj Dardaniji, Dissertationes et monographiae, t.XXI, Savez arheolokih

39


6
- Burgenae,
. , ,

. IV .17
,
, III-IV .18

,
IV , -
,
.19
9-13.

, ,
,
.
(. 9, T. II, 9) ,
, , ,
(. 10, T. II, 10).

, . 9,
, ,
(
) ,
.20 IV .
(. 10)
IV ,
-Sirmium, - Romuliana, ,
.21

6
,
( - ?). , ,
, 3.
(. 11) , ,

drutava Jugoslavije, Beograd 1978, 25, 30, kat. br. 31, sl. 43.
17 . , , : , , 49,
1997, 120, . 109.
18 197, XXIII . M. R. Alfldi, Schmucksachen, in: Intercisa II
(Dunapentele). Geschichte der Stadt in der Rmerzeit, Budapest, 1957, 417, Kat. 67, Taf. LXXVIII, 8.
19 A. Jovanovi, nav. delo, 14-15 (prstenje sa krunom alkom, malom krunom profilisanom glavom sa
ugraviranim ornamentom); . , . , 87, III.
20 . , , 15-16 (1999-2000), 2000, 215, . 30-34;
, , 136-141, . 143-152.
21 M. A. Rui, Rimsko staklo u Srbiji, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filozofski fakultet, Centar za arheoloka
istraivanja knjiga 13, Beograd 1994, tip III/7e, 29-30, kat. 369-372, 391, 393-407, T. XVIII/1-11.

40

 , (.
12) ,
, .

(. 13, T. II, 13), ,
,
.
.
14.

,
II, Spes
Reipublicae (355-361).22
,
,
.


6
. , ( 1),
,
: 2
; 3
; 4
1; 5 .

.

,
,
, ,
,
.


.

( protuberantiae mentalis ).23

(glabella, planum nuchale, processus mastoideus, arcus supercilialis,
protuberantia occipitalis externa, os zygomaticum, tubera frontale et parietale,

22 , .
23 Schutkowski 1993, N. Miladinovi Radmilovi, Metodologija utvrivanja polne pripadnosti
skeleta sa arheolokih nalazita, Blago Sirmijuma, Sremska Mitrovica 2006, 23-31.

41

 os frontale margo supraorbitalis),24

( corpus mandibulae,
ramus mandibulae angulus mandibulae, mentum, angulus mandibule margo
inferior)25 .26
,
T 1-3.

T 4.27


:
( )28
( ,
).29

: ,30
,31
,32 33
(
,
).34

26 11
.35

24 D. Ferembach, I. Schwidetzky, M. Stloukal, Recommendations for age and sex diagnosis of skeletons,
Journal of Human Evolution 7, 1980, 517-549, 519-527; J. E. Buikstra, D. H. Ubelaker, Standards for data
collections from human skeletal remains: proceedings of a seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History,
Archeological Survey Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 1994, 15-21.
25 D. Ferembach I. Schwidetzky, M. Stloukal, op. cit., 523-525; W. M. Bass, Human Osteology. A Laboratory
and Field Manual, Missouri Archaelogical Society, Columbia, 1995.
26 W. M. Bass, loc.cit.
27 S. Hillson, Teeth. Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005, 260-262.
28 D. Ferembach, I. Schwidetzky, M. Stloukal, op. cit. 528-529.
29 Krogman and Ican 1986; McKern and Stewart 1957; Redfield 1970; Suchey et al. 1984; Ubelaker
1989a, 1989b, J. E. Buikstra, D. H. Ubelaker, op. cit., 43, fig. 20.
30 H. V. Vallois, La dure de la vie chez lhomme fossile, LAnthropologie 47, 1937, 499-532.
31 D. R. Brothwell, Digging up bones, British Museum (Natural History), Oxford University Press, London,
Oxford 1981, 72; O. C. Lovejoy, Dental Wear in the Libben Population: Its Functional Patterns and Role in the
Determination of Adult Skeletal Age at Death, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 68, 1985, 47-56.
32 Y. M. Ican, S. R. Loth, R. K. Wright, Metamorphosis at the sternal rib end: A new method to estimate age
at death in males. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 65, 1984, 147-156; Y. M. Ican, S. R. Loth,
R. K. Wright, Age estimation from the rib by phase analysis: White males, Journal of Forensic Sciences 29,
1984b, 1094-1104; Y. M. Ican, S. R. Loth, R. K. Wright, Age estimation from the rib by phase analysis: White
females, Journal of Forensic Sciences 30, 1985, 853-863.
33 Scheuer and Black 2000 M. Cox, A. Flavel, I. Hanson, J. Laver, R. Wessling, The Scientific
Investigation of mass Graves: Towars Protocols and Standard Operating procedures, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, 2014, T. 7-62, pp. 375.
34 D. Ferembach I. Schwidetzky, M. Stloukal, loc. cit.
35 G. Hauser, G. F. De Stefano, Epigenetic Variants of Human Skull, E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung
Stuttgart 1989; M. -, ,
, , 1995, 238-260.

42


( 5).36

1


, 4555 .37

(
, ,
) ( ) (. IV,
1). -,
. , ,
(?), 0,25-0,50 cm (. IV, 2).
: 31 (),
32 (), 33 (), 34 (), 36, 37, 38, 41 (), 42, 43, 44, 45 (),
46 (). 35.
. .
IV ( ) 36, 37, 38, 42, 43 44.
.


facies articularis superior atlantis bipartite (
).

(
) (m. triceps
brachii Caput longum), (m. pectoralis major, m. latissimus

36 M. Trotter, G. C. Gleser, Estimation of stature from long bones of American Whites and Negroes, American
Journal of Physical Anthropology 10, 1952, 463-514.
37 (50-75%) (50-75%).
: (.P., 1/3P1/3, 1/5M1/3, 1/5E.D.),
(.P., 1/2P1/3, 2/3M1/3, D1/3, E.D.), (2/3P1/3), ? ( 13,10 cm),
(<25%), (<25%), (25-50%),
(<25%), ( 3,40-4,10 cm), 12
( 1,50-4,30 cm), 1/3 , ( 2,603 cm), os scaphoideum (100%), os trapezium (75-100%), os capitatum (100%),
os hamatum (100%), I , II , V (.P., P1/3,
M1/3), , talus-a (75-100%), calcaneus (75-100%), calcaneus (<25%),
1/2
os naviculare (75-100%), os naviculare (100%), os cuneiforme mediale (100%), os
cuneiforme mediale (100%), os cuneiforme intermedium (100%), os cuneiforme laterale (100%),
os cuboideum (100%), I , I (.P., 2/3P1/3, 2/3M1/3, D1/3, E.D.),
II (.P., P1/3, M1/3, D1/3, E.D.), II (.P., P1/3, 1/5M1/3), III
, III (.P., P1/3, M1/3), IV (.P., P1/3, M1/3, D1/3,
E.D.), IV (.P., P1/3, M1/3), V , V (.P., P1/3,

M1/3), , 34
1/5
( 1,60-11,60 cm), 72
( 0,75-5,20 cm)
( 1,50-4 cm).

43

dorsi, m. teres major) (m. extensor pollicis brevis, m.

abdustor pollicis longus).
( )
(tendo calcaneus (Achillis)).
.
2


, 2530 .38


(?) (. IV, 4), ( ),

.

: 11,
12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46 47.
24 26. : 27,
31, 41, 42 43.
38 48. .
. . I ( )
18 28, II ( ) 14, 23, 25, 33
(III), 34, 35, 36, 37, 44, 45, 46 47, IV ( ) 11,
12, 13, 21, 22 32. 13 (,
0,5 cm), 14 (, ,
0,25 cm), 18 (, , 0,6
cm), 23 (-, 0,55 cm), 25 (, 0,50 cm), 28 (-,
0,70 cm), 35 (, 0,15 cm) 37 (,

38 : ( 75%),
(75-100%), (75-100%), (<25%),
(75-100%), (25-50%), (25-50%), (75-100%),
(75-100%), (100%),
( 2,20-3,65 cm). : (.P., 1/2P1/3,
M1/3), (2/3.P., 1/4P1/3, 1/4M1/3, 1/4D1/3, .D.), (2/3.P., 1/5P1/3, 1/5M1/3, 1/5D1/3,
1/3
.D.), (2/3.P., 1/2P1/3, 1/5D1/3, .D.), 56 ( 0,80
8,20 cm), ( 3,20 cm), (<25%),
(75-100%), 16 ( 1,90-4 cm), 16
( 1,50-4,80 cm), 25 ( 1,5-10,35 cm), os scaphoideum (75-100%),
os lunatum (100%), os triquetrum (75-100%), os trapezoideum (100%), os capitatum
(100%), II (.P., P1/3, M1/3, D1/3, .D.), III (.P., P1/3, M1/3,
D1/3, 1/3.D.), III (1/3.P., P1/3, M1/3, D1/3, .D.), 11

( 3,20-4,70 cm), talus (75%), calcaneus (50-75%), calcaneus (<25%), os

naviculare (75-100%), os cuneiforme mediale (75-100%), os cuneiforme laterale
(75-100%), os cuboideum (75-100%), I (.P., P1/3, 1/2M1/3, 1/2D1/3, 1/2.D.), II
(.P., P1/3, M1/3, D1/3, .D.), II (.P., 1/4P1/3), III
(.P., 1/3P1/3,1/4M1/3), IV (.P., P1/3, 1/2M1/3), V (.P., P1/3, M1/3,
D1/3), .
1/2

44

 0,25 cm).


(. IV, 3 ). .


sutura supranasalis, ossa suturae lambdoideae ( 0,65
0,9 cm; 1,2 1,5 cm), spina suprameatica (
), os incisurae parietalis ( , 1,0 2,1
cm) foramen zygomatico faciale ( ).

(
) (m. quadriceps
femoris). (
) (lig.
costotransversarium), (lig. mediale (deltoideum))
(lig. illiofemorale).
( )
(tendo calcaneus (Achillis)). membrana interossea
cruris
.
3


, 6-7 .39


(?) , 84 85.

: 54, 55,
65, 75, 83, 84 85.
11 16, 13, 14, 15, 17, 23, 34, 35, 41 47.
73, 74 46.
. .


(m. deltoideus, m. pectoralis major, lig.
costoclavisulare, lig. conoideum).

39 : (<25%),
(<25%), (25-50%), (25-50%), (<25%),
( 2,20-3,75 cm).
(P1/3, M1/3, 2/3D1/3), (1/4D1/3.), (P.., 1/3P1/3),
(1/2M1/3, 1/2D1/3,D..), (D..), , (P..,
P1/3, 1/4M1/3), ? (1/3P1/3, M1/3, 1/3D1/3), (100%), (<25%),
1/2
, ( 2,5-3,05 cm),
( 3,8-6,6 cm), ( 1-1,5 cm),
, , , 10 ( 2,9-7,1
cm), , .
, (T. IV, 5).

45

 4


, 20 .40


(), 0,55 0,90 cm, ( corpus tali
facies articularis calcanea anterior) (. IV, 6).

11, 16, 33, 34,
43, 44, 46 47. .
I ( ) 16, 33, 44 (II), 46 47, II
( ) 11, 33 43. 46 (,
, <0,10 cm) 47 (, 0,20 cm).
16 .
.

(
) (m.brachialis)
(m. deltoideus, m. triceps brachii Caput laterale).
5


, 20-24 .41

.

16
36. I ( ) 16 (II), a II
( ) 36 (III).


, 2012.
, 75 .
- 37,
(21 ),
28% .

40 .
: (2/3P1/3, M1/3, 2/3D1/3), (.P., 1/3P1/3, M1/3, 1/3D1/3),
(1/3.P., 1/3P1/3), (2/3P1/3, M1/3, 1/3D1/3, 1/4E.D.), (1/2P1/3, M1/3, 2/3D1/3, 1/2E.D.),
(1/3.P., 1/2P1/3, M1/3, D1/3, E.D.), (.P., P1/3, 2/3M1/3, 1/2D1/3, 1/2E.D.),
(2/3P1/3, M1/3, 1/2D1/3), (.P., P1/3, 1/2M1/3),
( 0,50-3,50 cm), (100%), (50-75%), II
(.P., P1/3, 1/3M1/3), 17 ( 2,20-4,90 cm), talus (<25%), talus (5075%), calcaneus- (<25%), os naviculare (50-75%), os cuneiforme mediale (75-100%),
os cuneiforme intermedium (50-75%), os cuneiforme laterale (75-100%), II (.P.,
P1/3), III (.P., P1/3, 1/3M1/3), IV (.P., 1/3P1/3).
2/3
41 (1/4.D.), V
(.P., P1/3, M1/3, D1/3, .D.) .

46


, -6, 2012.
1
.42
, .
. ,
, ,
, .
, ,
,
.

6
.
1, 45-55 . ,
, ,
,
/ .

,
, : ( 1, 4555 , 2, 25-30 ), (
3, 6-7 , 4, 20 )
( 5, 20-24 ).

1
, ,
,
,
:
1. , : 1, 45-55 ,
,
2. : (. 2, , 25-30 )
(. 3, , 6-7 ),
3. : 4 ( , 20 ),
, (. 2) (. 3)
.

-
5, ( , 20-24 ),
(
) .
: ,
.

, 6
. , (

42 . , . , , , , 1968, 9, V, 1.

47

 ),
,
.
,
,
.
,
,

, 6 .


(. 4).
2, , (. 9)
(. 10), 1,
. ,
. 9, ,
.


(), (. 2-3),
(. 4)
( 4), (. 5-8),
(. 1)
(. 11) , , ,
(. 12).43

(. 1)
, ,
(officina plumbaria)
(plumbarius).
,
,
, ( ).44 ,

,
,
.45

.
,

43 . 12 3
4, .
44 . , ,
- XII-1, 1986, 113-122; ,
, Viminacium 7, 1992, 29-48; . , .
, 42, 46.
45 . , (Naissus officina), 22, 2013, 9-11.

48

 , .

,
, , , , , .46 ,
, ,47

.


.48
,
IV ,
.

,49
- . 355-361. ,
,
IV ,
I
.


20 30 ( 2, 4 5),
( 3),
1, 45-55 .50 ,
( 1 2,
2,
3 () 1 4),
.51

46 D. Tudor, Le depot de miroirs de verre double de plomb trouve a Sucidava, Dacia n. s. III, 1959, 415-432.
47 . , . , 45-46.
48 , ,
, ?
.
.
49 . , . , . , 9-13.
50 2009-2010. 2012.
, .
, 146 32 ,
IV V , ,
.
22,6% (33 ),
26,3 , 35,2 113
. . N. Miladinovi Radmilovi, Sirmium. Necropolis, Arheoloki institut, Blago Sirmijuma,
Beograd, Sremska Mitrovica 2011, 379, karta 4.
51 ,
( 55) - ,
IV V 41,6% ,

49


,
, , ,
.
- IV
, , , ,
. ,
,
6 , ,
-
,
(
,
). , ,
, ,

.52

6/2012
1. (. I, 1)
, ,
: 4,5 x 4,5 cm, 3,5 cm
. . -34, , . 1132/
, , .
. ,
. : , ,
114, . 99.
2-3. () (T. I, 2, 3)
, ,
6,5 cm
. . -35, , . 1133/
.
.
: , , 107, . 85.

, 1 2 .
5,2% (7 ) IV V . . N. Miladinovi
Radmilovi, nav. delo, 385-386.
52 .
. . N. Miladinovi Radmilovi, nav. delo, 567.

50

4. (T. I, 4)
,
1,9 cm; 0,6 cm
. . -19, , .
, . , ,
.

5-8. (T. I, 5-8)

, ,
1,8 cm
. . -18, , . 1128/
, ,
, .
.
: , , 63, . 6 ( ).
9. (T. II, 9)
,
2,4 cm
. . -5, ,
()
.

10. (T. II, 10)

,
2,0 cm
. . -21, ,
, ,
.

11.
,
3,1 x 1,6 x 0,1-0,2 cm
. . -23, ,
( ),
, .
,
, ,
.

51

12.
,
3,3 x 1,6 x 0,1-0,2 cm
. . -22, ,
(?), .
, ,
.

13. (T. II, 13)

, ,
0,5 x 0,4 cm
. . -20, ,
,
.

14. (355-361)
,
1,6 cm, 4
. . -11, ,
II, Spes Reipublicae.

52


()

. (g-op)

. (eu-eu)

(b-ba)

1,
. 2
19*
12*
-

63,16*
.

(ft-ft)

9,50*
61,29*

()

(cdl-cdl)

(go-go)

(gn-idi)

1,
. 1

1,
. 2

2,35

2,90 .

2,95

0,90

2,90

2,90

31,03

9,25*
77,08*
.
-

*: ,
.

1.
Table 1. Measurements and indices on the cranial skeleton

53


()
*

.
. (a/m pr.)
.
.

-

-

1,
.1

1,
. 4

4,50
-

1,70
1,30
5
-

3,20
-

3,90
-

()
*

() .
-
.
-
.
-

-

-
( . )
-
( . )
(
. )

* ,

2.
Table 2. Measurements and indices on the postcranial skeleton

54

1,
. 2

1,
. 4

7,50
5 .
-

34 .
32 .
5,70
4,10 .
6,00
5,70
12,06
-

2,80
2,70
-

2,70 .
7,50 .
-

2,30
2,35
2,05
2,10
7,10
7,30
112,19
111,90
-

 ()
*

-.
-.

*

*

-.

-.

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

M/L
**
0,70
-

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48

1,05
1,00
0,80
0,40
0,60
0,60
-

1,
. 1

VB/L***
1,00
0,90
0,60
0,70
0,70
-

1,35
1,25
1,45
-

1, . 3
*

-.
-.

-.
( )
-.
( )
*

3.
Table 3. Measurements on the postcranial skeleton

(CM)
1,
1,
. 2
. 3

M/L

0,70
0,70
0,60
0,90
0,70
0,60
0,75
0,60
0,80
0,60
0,60
0,70
1,10
1,10
0,45
0,60
0,70
1,10
1,05
-

VB/L

M/L

1,
. 4

1,
. 5

VB/L

M/L

VB/L

M/L

VB/L

0,70
0,80
0,60
0,80
0,85
0,95
1,10
1,00
0,70
0,60
0,50
0,90
0,95

0,60
0,70
0,80
1,00
1,00
0,60
0,70
0,75
1,00
1,00
-

0,90
1,00
-

1,15
-

1,15
-

1,05
-

0,65
0,70
0,65
0,70
1,20
1,00
-

0,70
0,75
0,70
0,75
1,00
0,90
-

1,10
-

1,00
-

**
*** ()

4.
Table 4. Odontometric examination of teeth maxilla and mandible

55


(CM)

5.
Table 5. Stature

56

1, . 4
1604
1604

Toni erkov
Gordana Jeremi
Dragana Vulovi
About one interesting masonry grave in Jagodin Mala, Ni (Naissus)
Summary
During the archaeological researches in 2012, in the area of Benetton Factory, which represents the eastern
and southeastern part of a large late-antiquity necropolis in Jagodin Mala (City municipality of Pantelej), 75
tombs have been recorded. The largest number of grave forms comprised brick built grave constructions 37
of them, which were dominated by a type of the brick built graves with covering in the shape of the doublepitch roof (21 graves).
Amongst the graves, particular attention of the researchers was drawn by a grave with a field label G-6. Up
to the socle level it was dug into the subsoil layer. It was built in a shape of sarcophagus, of bricks (41 x 28 x
4 cm and 40 x 27 x 3,5 cm) and mortar while on the outer side it had pebble plating. The grave measures are
2,74 x 1,30 m (external), 1,90 x 0, 60 m (internal) and is 0,71 m high. The grave covering was made of the large
format bricks, probably 56 x 56 x 6 cm, arranged in a shape of a double-pitch roof, with vertically placed brick
on the eastern gable, additionally fixed by a large stone, connected with mortar to the socle. In the western part
the grave was damaged; however, on the basis of the neighboring graves shape, we assume that it was built of
brick, stone and mortar in the form of an arched pediment.
The brick built grave number 6 was originally designed for burial of one individual person. However, due to
certain historical, familial, economic or other circumstances, there was later buried more than one person in the
grave, so that the grave, in terminological and functional terms, actually represents a family/collective tomb.
The smallest number of individual persons buried in that grave, according to results of anthropological
analysis, was five:
- two males (individual no.1, 45-55 years old and individual no. 2, 25-30 years old),
- two females (individual no. 3, a girl 6-7 years old and individual no. 4, about 20 years old)
- one person of unknown gender (individual no. 5, 20-24 years old).
For now, the only reliable data is that remains of individual no.1 represent the oldest funeral. With caution, we
could assume that having laid the individual no. 1 (a male 45-55 years old), along the southern and northern
edge of the grave two individuals were laid (no. 2, a male, 25-30 years old and no. 3, a girl, 6-7 years old), and
then individual no. 4 (a female, about 20 years old), over the primary buried person, because of which bones
of the man (no. 2) and the girl (no. 3) were probably slightly moved aside. It is unknown relative relation of
the individuals no. 5 funeral, a person of unknown gender, 20-24 years old, of whom only a few bones of the
right leg and two teeth have been recorded. Such level of preservation of the bones could have been influenced
by a number of factors: soil acidity, fragility and very nature of the bone material as well as high rate of burials
in one place.
Movable finds from the tomb are relatively modest. There were found remains of a gold embroidery fabric,
three silver needles, frame of the lead mirror, four bronze rings and several glass vessels, in a very fragmented
state. Next to the main individual no. 2, on the left, a fragment of a bottom of a glass vessel was found (cat. 9)
and fragments of a glass balsamarium (cat. 10). The biggest number of objects is associated with the girl, buried
with two or three silver pins (cat. 2-4), four bronze rings (cat. 5-8), the lead mirror from which the preserved
frame remained (cat. 1) and a glass vessel (cat. 11).
Frame of the lead mirror, made of one-piece mold, could have been manufactured in some local workshop
(officina plumbaria). Placing mirror in the tomb in the funeral practice, through reflection of the glass, could
have represented a link between the worlds of the living and the dead, as well as desire to preserve symbolically
the figure of the deceased through that reflection. Finds of silver pins represent indirect confirmation that the
youngest deceased female head a veil over her head, or that she was wrapped in a shroud. She was buried with
personal jewelry consisting of four bronze rings of the same type (circular link and rounded head with a relief
representation), which represent typical products of the local fourth century workshops, available to wider
range of social classes.
According to finding of the bronze coins from 355-361 that probably belonged to some of the younger funerals,
we comes to data that funerals had been conducted in that grave before and around IV century, in the time of
greatest prosperity of Naissus, encountered in the time of Constantine I and his successors.

57

The brick built grave number 6 in the Benetton Factory area was used for burial of bigger number of
individuals. Maybe, because of some diseases, there had occurred relatively rapid death of members of one
family, who, in the absence of material funds, were then buried in the grave of their elderly relative or ancestor.
Anthropological analysis showed that most of the deceased persons died when they were between 20 and 30
years of age (individual 2, 4 and 5), and there was also present mortality of children (individual 3), while the
maximum age of the deceased was 45-55 years (individual 1) with. Diseases that have been diagnosed and
which left trace on the osteological material (osteoarthritis in individuals 1 and 2, collapse of spinal vertebrae
in individual 2, possible occurrence of scurvy in individual 3 and bone spurs (tumors) in individuals 1 and 4),
could not have been direct cause of death of these individuals.
The cause of death, as well as possible family relations of individuals buried in that grave, are not possible
to be determined at this level of research. However, malaria, poisoning or infection of the respiratory and
gastrointestinal tract could have resulted by death of a large number of residents within relatively short period
of time, which might have happened to some of the individuals in the grave 6 in the Benetton Factory area
in Jagodin mala.

. 1. , 2012, ,
6 ( . , )
Fig. 1. Jagodin mala, Benetton 2012, south-west part of the researched area, with position of the tomb 6 (photo by Z. Radosavljevi, ZZSK Ni documentation)

58

. 2. 31, 2012 ( .
, )
Fig. 2 Reconstruction of the brick built tomb 31 cover, Benetton 2012, (photo by Z.
Radosavljevi, ZZSK Ni)

. 3. 6, ( . ,
)
Fig. 3 Tomb 6, foundation with remains of the deceased person . 3. (photo by Z.
Radosavljevi, ZZSK Ni documentation)

59

. 4. 6, (. ,
)
Fig. 4 Tomb 6, remains of the deceased person with positions of the tomb inventory (I.
Golubovi, ZZSK Ni documentation)
Table I Movable finds from the tomb: 1. frame of the lead mirror, 2-4. silver needles, 5-8.
bronze rings, R 1:1 (I. Ranel, ZZSK Ni documentation)

60

 I. : 1. , 2-4. , 5-8.
, R 1:1 (. , )
Table I Movable finds from the tomb: 1. frame of the lead mirror, 2-4. silver needles, 5-8.
bronze rings, R 1:1 (I. Ranel, ZZSK Ni documentation)

61

 II. : 9-10. , 13. , R

1:1 (. , )
Table II Movable finds from the tomb: 9-10. glass vessels 13. glass bead, R 1:1 (I. Ranel,
ZZSK Ni documentation)

62

 III. , ( . ,
)
Table III Movable finds from the tomb, (photo by Z. Radosavljevi, ZZSK Ni documentation)

63

 IV. 1. 1 ; 2. 1
(?) ; 3. 2 ,
; 4. 2
; 5. 3
; 6. 4 ( .
)
Table IV 1. Individual 1 osteoporosis on the thoracic vertebra; 2. individual 1 bone
spur (tumor?) on the hyoid bone; 3. individual 2 attrition, caries and ante mortem
loss of teeth in the maxilla; 4. individual 2 bodycollapse of thethoracic vertebrae; 5.
individual 3 traces of the bronze object oxidation at the hand phalanges; 6. individual
4 bone spur on the left talus (photo by D. Vulovi)

64

ISTORIJA
HISTORY

: ,
XX ,
,
,
1914. 1918. .
: , , .


,
.
,
.
-
,
1919. .
, .

1910. , 43 31
56.460 .
79,89 .

4.115 , 4.268
27.354 . 14.145 13.209 .

4.449 , 4.502 29.106
. 15.192 13.914 .

, , .
941 , 1.044 5.219
. 2.718 2.501 .
.1

90%
,
.
. XIX
1/2 1 - 5 , 1/4
10 , 10 .

1 31. 1910.
. 1911, . 40-42. : 1910.

67

. 80 30 .
120 , 80 ,
45 , 40 . 300
, ,
. 70% .


.
, , , .


, , , , ,
. , ,
, , , .
. 1909.
6 .

.
1885.
1918. .
, . 1909,
11 .
.

.

. , .
, , , ,
. 1909, .


.
. : ,
, , . ,
, , . 1909.
24 ,
.


. ,
.
, .
1910. : 1.355 , 6.969 ,
2 , 16 , 3 , 10.503 , 43.640 8.191 .
: 1.152 , 8.806 , 14 , 11 , 6
, 9.707 , 36.428 5.022 . : 411 ,
430 , 3 , 1 , 1.062 , 1.253 152 .2

2 1910. , . 95.

68




.

,
, 1905.
.
. 1909.
, 6 . 1910.
67.967 .
9.357
82.614 .

,
. :
. , , . ,
, , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, . 1898.

.3 ,
, .
, .
. . ,
.4

1898. 1899. .5
.
1899. . 293,
. ,,
3, 5 .
, .6 ,


. 1910.
2.471 , 2.173 298 .
220 , 71 149
. 1.757 , 1565 192
.7

3 , , 1898. , . 122. .
4 1898. , . 43-44.
5 1898. , . 103. 1899. , . 64.
6 1899. , . 159.
7 1910. , . 95.

69


, .
, ,
.
. ,
, . ,
, ,
, .


,
.
16. 1909. . .

.
() 1908.
.


.
,
, .


1899. ,
1900. .


, , .
, -- .

,
, .

,
. ,
. ,
12. 14. , 27. 29. .
, 14. 16. , 27.
29. . , 8. 10.
.


, 1865. .
1884. , ,
1897. .
1900. ,
, .

1883. ,
. ,
950
.
1887. .
260 .

70

 1210 . XX
5000 ,
40 - 50 . ,
, .
1902. .
.
,
.
11. 1903.


, .
, .
1905. 300 40.000
1911. 350 73.000
. 65.000 .

.


,
. 1870,
1880. 1881. . ,
, 1902. .

.
1902. ,
. 1912. .

1911. . .


.
, , ,
,
, .
1887,
, . , ,
, , .
1908.
. 29 , , ,
.

,
. , , , ,
, , -
. - ,
, . 1911. 78
, 30 129 .
36 , 14 44

71

. 25 , 10 46
, 3 , 3 13
.8

.
1900. 12 : 1. -- , 2. , 3. -- , 4. - , 5. -, 6. , 7. -, 8. , 9.
, 10. ----,
11. 12. .

1910.
, .

.
1911. 31 . : (6),
(3), (7), (1), (2), (3),
(2), (6), (1), (2), (7),
(1), (7), (8), (2), (2), (4),
(7), () 16, (4), (6), (6), (7),
(3), (2), (6), (1), (3), (2),
(1) (1).

, : 18 ,
1 , 4 , 3 , 5 , 4 , 17 , 5
, 4 , 1 ,
1 1 , .9
.

, ,
.
10. 1903.

, ,
.10
: . ,
, , , . , ,
, , , , . ,
, . , . , .

,
, , 1896.
.
.

8 , , 1958. , 27.
9 , , . 29
10 , 1. .
3. 1903. .

72

 .
,
,
.

9. 1865.
- .
. 1880.
1896.
. ,
.

. 1910/11. ,
,
1915. .

1881.
1882.
1897. , 1899.
.

1913/14. .
1915. .



. , . .
, 28. 1914. ,
1913/14. 24 44 .
37 , 28 9 .11

12 : , ,
, , , , ,
, , , .12
, .
,
.
11 , 6 5
.13

12 : ,
, , , , , , ,
, , .14

11 , , 1978, . 1740-1747.
12 , 1918 - 1941, , 2005, . 367.
: .
13 , , 1978, . 1740.
14 , . 369.

73


27 55 48 ,
34 14 .


(4.110 ), (3.186 ),
(15.160 ) (22.650 ).15
1913/14.
, .

,, 22.
(1909) .
: . . ,
. , - ,
, , -
.16

1866.
, 1909.
. , .

1. 1909.
- , ,
. .
1909. , .
. .
10 . 2 ,
3 6 .
. , .
.
, , .


1909.
( -) .
.
, .
16.
.
94.476,67 . 9.500
.
. 259 21. 1909.
.
.
, . .
, ,,, . ,

15 , ,
2010, . 243-251. : .
16 - , . 1. 1909. .

74

 .
()
. ,,
,
. .
. ,,.
, .


, ,
. 100 :
- 17 , - 9 , - 20 , - 15-20
, - 10-15 , - 35-45 .


.
1876. . , 1893.
.
1901. 1907.
1907. 1914. . 1894.
. 1907. .
,
.
. 1908. .

1871. .
1880. .
1911. ,
1944. .


.
. 17 : 1. I, 2.
II, 3. III, 4. . , 5. , 6. ,
7. , 8. , 9. , 10. , 11.
, 12. , 13. , 14. , 15. ,
16. 17. .

1901. 1915.
, .
: ,
, -
, . ,
- , . -
, ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.
,
. ,

75

 , ,
, . ,
.


: (. .
), (. ), (
), (. ), ( ),
(. ), ( .
), (. ), (.
), (. ), (.
), (. . ),
( . ),
(. ), (. ), (. ),
(. - ), (.
), (. . ),
( ), (. )
(. ).

. 1897.
, 1901.
.
,
165.000
.


: , ,
, ,, , ,
,, .

1876.
.
1876-1978. ,
.

. ,
, ,
.

1881.
. , 1. 1882.
12 17 .
. ,
. . .
, ,
.


,
: ,,

76

 , 1926. .
- ,
. -
. .

,, 1900.
: ,
.
, :
.
.

0,20 .

14. 1898. .
, .

,, 2.
1887. .
.

1840. , 1855.
.
1857.
- .

1904.
. ,
.
, ,
.

,
1908. , .

1911.
,
. 19.
.
,
.

A M
.
.
24. 1914.
,
,
, , . . .


1. 1914. ,

77

, , .17


.
,
. ,
.
.
.

1903. 1918. ,
,
13 .
. :

1. , , ,
: 1903, 1906, 1908. 1912.
;

2. , ,
: 1903, 1905, 1906. 1908. ;

3. . , ,
: 1905, 1908. 1912. ;

4. , ,
: 1906. 1908. ;

5. , ,
: 1908. 1912. ;

6. , ,
1903. ;

7. , ,
1903. ;

8. , ,
1903. ;

9. , ,
1905. ;

10. , ,
1905. ;

11. - , ,
1905. ;

12. . , ,
, 1912. ;

13. . , ,
1912. .

17 24. 1914. .

78


,
1912. ,
, .
21. 1918.

.

.
- ,
.

Zoran Stevanovi
Aleksinac and its neighbourhood in the decade preceding the Great War
Summary
Before World War II the territory of the present-day municipality of Aleksinac, in administrative
and territorial terms, belonged to the counties of Aleksinac and Morava. The settlements on the left bank of
the South Morava river were part of the county of Morava, with the administrative headquarters in Prilovica,
while those on the right bank formed the county of Aleksinac - based in Aleksinac.
In this area in 1910 there lived 56.460 inhabitants in 43 villages of the county of Morava and in 31
villages of the county of Aleksinac. The average population density was 79.89 inhabitants per square kilometer.
All the settlements except for Aleksinac, which was a small town, were rural. Then, Aleksinac had 941
houses, 1,044 households, and 5,219 inhabitants. There were 2,718 men and 2,501 women. In size it was the
seventeenth town in Serbia.
From these data, we can see that more than 90% of the population lived in rural areas concentrating
mainly on farming and animal husbandry although one part of the population of Aleksinac also took part in
these activities.
Grain, cattle and tobacco were the primary exports from this region. Pigs and tobacco were
exported to Vienna and Pest, rams to Turkey, and grain from Thessaloniki to other countries.
Aleksinac was a municipality, the center of the county and the court. There was a church, a primary
school, a grammar school, a teacher-training school, a library and a reading room, a hospital, a pharmacy, and a
postal and telegraph station. It was the center of the counties of Aleksinac, Morava, Spa and Raanj in the way
of crafts and trade. In 1911 Aleksinac had 78 sale stores, 30 restaurants and 129 craft stores. At the same time,
in Soko Banja, there were 36 sale stores, 14 restaurants and 44 craft stores. In Raanj there were 25 sale stores,
10 restaurants and 46 craft stores, and in Zitkovac there were 3 sale stores, 3 restaurants and 13 craft stores.
For the counties of Aleksinac and Morava, Aleksinac was the seat of the church and school authorities,
of the Aleksinac regency and Aleksinac school county.

79

1918.
1924.
:
20- 20. .
, 1918.
1924. , ,
.
.
: , , , ,

1830.
. 1 :
, 18 :

. 1830.
,

.1

,
10. (22) 1831. .
, I,
, ,
, .
18. (30) 1831.
,
. ,
, , - .2

1832.
.
.

1 , , 170 18372007, , 2007, 30.

2 , 31.

81


.
.3

,
1834. () ,
, .
,
( 1834. 1854. ).
31. 1886. . 1835. 31.
1886. .4

, 1836. ,
.
15. 1890. .
1836. 31. 1886.
.5

, ,
. ,
( 6. 1802.
).6

1836. 1879.
, .7

- 1859.
-
.
1836. 1848.
.

1859. .
, ,
.
1879. 1. 1886. ,
, , .8

, , ,
. 1766.
1878. ,
. . , ,
.
1878.
, ,

3 , 31.
4 , 32.
5 , 33.
6 , 33.
7 , 141.
8 , 141.

82

 .

8. 1886. ,
: , , , ,
, .9

1913. : ,
, , .

1. 1886. 15. 1890. ,
,
.
.10

15. 1890.
.
,
.

.11

17. 1896. ,
, ,

,
.12

1899.
,
. ,
, 1898. 1915. , ,
.13


: ,
,
, . ,
, .
, ,
, ,
, . ,
,
.14

9 , 1886. .
10 , , .,141.
11 , 142.
12 , 142.
13 1890. 1914. .
14
.

83


1852. 1914.
, ,
.


. -
7. 1915. 15. 1918. .

.. ,
. . 411 30. /12. 1919. ,
. 452, :

,, ,
, 1915.

,
, ,
. - .
.


: ( ),
( ), ( ),
( ), ( ), (
), ( ),
( ), ( ),
( ), (
), (
), ( ),
( ), ( ), (
), ( ),
( ), (
), ( ),
( ) ( ).15


.
,
.
.

,
11. 12. 1915. , .
23 .16

18. 1915.
12 , :
, . .

15 1890. 1914. .
16 , , ., 56.

84

 : , ;
, ; ,
, .
, .17

,
7.
: ,

.18

28 .19
.

, 1918. .
. : (
, ) ( ,
, ).
Pirot, October 1918. Reception of Serbian priests-internees from Bulgaria. Among them
are priests from Aleksinac: Steva Dimitrijevic (standing in the front row, with the boy on the
left) and Atanasije Popovic (standing in the front row, seventh from left, with hat). Photo is
obtained from the Museum of Poniavlje from Pirot
17 , 56.
18 , , , , 22.
19 , , , . 9,
, 2011, 121.

85


, .

1916. 1918. : , 1916,
. . , 1916, . 1918.
, 1918. .20

, ,
,
. , .

: , ; . ,
; , ; ,
; ,
, .
. .
, .

, , , .
27. 1919.
: , . . ; ,
; , ; ,
; . , ;
, , .

,
, .21

1920.
. ,
1953. .22

1920. ( )
,
.

.
120 .23

20 , .
21
.
22 .
23 .

86


25. 1921. .
,
; , ,
.
. ,
,
. , .24

1921. 1922.
17 .
. .25
1.

1900. ,
, 1898. ,
400 . 2.350 .

1920.
308 , 1.238 ,
560 678 .

, ,
, 1918. ;
, 1918. 1919.
.. ,
7. 1920. .
1920. ,
. 1898.
.
1903. , ,
, .
1907. , .
,
.

, ,
.
1919. ,
.

. 1953. ,
-. , ,
, .

24 .
25 1921. 1922. , 33.

87


The Priest Brana Korunovi

:
.
, , ,
.26
2.

1900. ,
, 1898. ,
254 80 .
334 1.256 .

26
.

88


1920.
200 102 .
302 , 1.333 , 699
634 .


. 24. 1920.
12. 1931. .
3.

, ,
1898. , 210
, 70 50
. 330 2.660 .

1920. 120
, 65 104
. 309 ,
1.212 , 543 669 .

1921. 1922. .
, 1924.
. .
4.


. 1919. : ,
, , , , , .
380 .

1920. ,
, .
. 314
, 1.922 , 927 995
.

1922. 381
, 2.398 1.168 1.230 .

1924. -,
. : , ,
, , , .
507 , 2.759 , 1.329
1.430 .


. 1. 1909,
29. 1909. .
1910. ,
. 1914. 1915.
.
. 1922.
.

89

5. ()

: , ,
().
1920. . 487 ,
2.964 , 1.405 1.559 .
1919. 1922. , 1922.
1924. ,
.

1922. ,
, .
.

.
. 1900.
.
1919.
. , 1922. ,
. .

, :
,
.
6.

:
, .

1920.
. 596 , 3.605
1.689 1.916 .

1924. : ,
. 571 , 3.565
, 1.756 1.809 .

, 1915. ,
. . , 1920.
. , .
1921.
, 1927. .27

,
1898. , 26. (8. ) 1899,
: , ,
, , .
, , .

27 , , , .

90

7.

, : ,
. 1920.
546 , 3.914 , 1.883
2.031 .

1923. : , ,
. 522 , 3.149
1.525 1.624 .
, .

.
1856. . :
. , .
, ,
.

,
. , 1876. 1880;
, 1880-1887; , 1887-1889; ,
1889-1900; , 1900-1901; , 1901-1903;
, 1903-1909; , 1909-1910; ,
1910-1915; . , 1919-1921; 1921-1939.

The Priest Avram Milovanovi

91


,
,
.
, , , ,
.
, , .
, .
, ,
,
.28
8.

, ,
: , , , , ,
. 1920.
661 , 4.457 , 2.288 2.169
.

1921. 661 ,
4.046 , 1.927 2.124 .

1924.
- .

,
1910. .
,
.
. .
, 1921. ,29 1924. .
.30

,
1925. .
9.

1920.
: , , , ,
. 373 , 2.886 ,
1.511 1.375 .

28 , ,
1917. , 27. 28.
1997. , , 1997, 290.
29 1921. 1922. , 32.
30 1924. , 422.

92


1923. 436
, 3.081 , 1.590 1.491 .

,
1892. . 1921, 1922 1924.
.31
10.

, 1924. ,
: , , ,
. 1920.
471 , 3.295 , 1.593 1.702
.

1923. 554
, 3.207 , 1.509 1.698 .

,
.
.
. , 1903. 1935.
. , .
,
, .

.
11.

1920. ,
: , .
499 , 2.827 , 1.393 1.434
.

1921. 499
, 2.826 .


. ,
1821. . . , ,
,
. 1919. ,
, .
12.

: , , , ,
, , .

31 1921, 1922. 1924. .

93

1920. 661 , 3.809 .

: ,
, ,
.


, , ,
.
,
.
, ,
, , .

.
1904. 1938. .
.
13.

1930. :
, , , , , , .
1920. 526
, 2.987 .

:
, ,
.
. ,
. 1918.
1919. . 1919,
, 1923. , .
14.

1920.
: , .
.
479 , 3.351 .

1922. 533
, 3.630 , 1924,
607 , 3.777 .


. : ,
,
.
. , ,
. . , ,
1919. . 1920.
.
15.

94


1920.
: , , .
480 , 2.728 .

1922. 487
, 2.791 .

,
. .

1918. 1920.
. , . 1920.
. 1947. .
16.

, ,
: , , , .
1920. 533 ,
3.328 .

1923. 552
.

.
: . .
.
: , .

. ,
1907. 1926.
17.

1919. ,
: , , , ,
. 1920. ,
. 507
, 3.104 .

1924.
511 , 3.074 .

.
: , .

. : ,
, .

1902. 1909.
, 1909. 1915. . ,
1919. 1926. .32

32 , , , .

95

********

. 1216 23.
1923. ,
. , ,
.

:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
,

,
6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

:
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.


1923.
.
. 6849 24. 1923. ,
. 1168/748 9. 22. 1923.
:
1.
: ,
2.
: ,
3.
: ,
4.
-: , , ,

, , ,
5.
: , , ,

,
,
.
.

96


1924.
15 .
,
18 .
:
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

. ,

,
. ,
,
,
. ,
,
- ,
. ,
,
. ,
. ,
. ,
. ,
, 33

: , -.


, 25. 1924. ,
,
.
. 17 . :
, , ,
, , ,
, . , , ,
, , , . ,
. .
,
.34

33 , III, , 1928, 420.

34
.

97


1830. ,
. 1832.

.
.
.
.
, ,
.
, ,
. 19211922. 17 ,
. 1923.
, 1924. ,
.

98



-
, III, , 1928
-


-
, ,

-


-
, 1886.
-
1890. 1914.
-
1921. 1922.
-
1924.

-
, ,
. 9, , 2011.
-
, 170
1837-2007, , 2007.
-
,
, 1917. ,
27. 28. 1997.
, , 1997.

99

Svetlana urevi
The parishes of the Aleksinac regency from the restoration period of 1918 until the new regulation 1924.
Summary
With the hatiserif of 1830, the Church Port acknowledged the Serbian people religious freedom and freedom
of worship in churches. In 1832, the Concordat was signed between the Serbian Orthodox Church and the
Czarigrad Bishopry, which regulated the relations between the two churches. The Serbian Church gained
internal autonomy. After its liberation, Aleksinac became the seat of the county and the seat of the Aleksinac
proto-Presbyterianism. The regency of Aleksinac was made up of the counties of Aleksinac and Morava in
ecclesiastical terms. After the war, in which many priests of this regency were murdered, churches began not
only to be filled with new priests but also to be renewed. The Priests Association, which dates back to the
time before the war and which is concerned with spiritual and ecclesiastical matters, continues its work. In the
period from 1921 to 1922, in the regency of Aleksinac there were 17 parishes where many priests lived and
worked. In 1923, some parishes on the territory of the regency of Aleksinac complied with certain regulations
and it was in 1924 that the regency was enlarged by one more parish.

100

1914-1915.
( )
: e
, , .

.
.

(1914-1915)
: , , ,
-,
-



e ,
.
, .

, 28. 1914.
a (1912-1913),
.1
- .
16. () II,
.
() .
- .
1914.
. 1914.
.
.
1914. ( 1892) .2

1 , 1914-1915, , 2006, 17.

2 . , 1878-1968, , 1972, 106.

101

 16. .3 -
( 1895), .

, .
, 12. 24. 1914. ,
.
( 16. 15. ), ,
, , ,
.4


. ()
, .
( )
.
16. 1914. ,

.5
, , ,
.6 , ,
, ,
.7
,
() ,
.8
, .
, .
.9
,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
, , , -,
.10
(, , , )

3 2009, , 4-5. :
.
4 10. 1929, , 7. : . .
5 9. 1914, . 205, 1.
6 16. 1914, . 181, 1.
7 , , ,
. ( 1939-1940 - , , 1940, 17).
8 , ( ), , 2001, 137-149;
(: ), (: ), (: ),
14, .
9 7. 1914, 2.
10 30. 1915, 4.

102

 4
. ,
,

. .

. ,

.11


, , ,
, .12 ,
, - , .
, , ,
,
. , , -
, .
.


1879. 1919. ,
6.123 - , ,
.13
.
, ,
,
, , .
,
.14
, , ,

(1864-1878).
( 1864. 1869), (

11 3. 1915, . 121, 1-2.

12 26. 2013, . .
13 , . , . .
(1879-1900). ; (: ),
. , . . (1914-1919). :
. , . . (1901-1919).
14 , 1.386 , , 904,
1878. 1919. ( (: ), 1941-1945,
( : 179), , , 1966. ).

103

1869. 1876).
( 1883. 1893), , ,
.


.
, ,
, ,
.15
, , ,
,
.16
.
20. 1915. ,

,
.
.
,
, , ,
, .
,
,
.17
, .
,
( )
, 14.
1914,
. , ,
.18
- ,
.
(, , , ).19
,
2.166 ,
35.000 , (11.666)
.20 - ,
, 36 . 1915.

15 , (1916-1918). .
16 9. 1914, , 1.
17 25. 1915, . 365, 1
18 , 1912-1917, , 2010, 78.
19 . , . , 212.
20
, 115, 168.

104

, , ,
, .21


: , ,
, , , , .
.

.22 ,
.23


,
.
14. 1915. ,

.
, .24
1920. ,
,
, .25


34.374, 19.450 , 14.924
. 2.418 ,
, . 941
, 34, 104.024
, 17.271.
66.000.26


.

.

.

21 Grupa autora, 110-godinjica vojne bolnice u Niu (1878-1988), Ni, 1989, 53, 69.
22 , 4.000
( , (1918-1941), , 1994, 13).
23 , 5. 1920. , , . 169,
1; 21. , . 182, 3; 31. , . 189, 6, 1. , . 190, 3; 9. , .
198, 6; 10. , . 199, 3; 29. , . 214, 7, .
24 11. 1915. , . 261, 1.
25 , 1920. .
26 ( 1876-1936), , 1936, 116-117.
,
1912-1913. 1915-1918.
. , (987
), (703), (680), (269), (259), (160) (110)
( 2011, , 11. : .)

105


, ,
35 , 10,
25, .
,

, 113
( ),
1912. 1918. .27
, 80 .28
,
, ,

(1864-1915), .29
,
-.30
(1873-1915), , (1867-1915),
, (18691915), .31

,
,
, .
,
. ,
, ()
.
2. 4. 20.
,
- 26. 1914.
.32

,
1914. -
, ,
.


II . 29.

27 , , , 21
(2012), , 35.
28 , 1912-1918
, 16-17 (2008), , 237-250.
29 1900-1985 , , 1987, 30.
30 . , . , 211.
31 1900-1985, 28, 30, .
32 1. 1915, . 1, 6.

106

1914.
.33 ,
13, . 34

,
, 4. , 18.
1914. .
15, .35 .

,
, .
, .
.

(1914-1915).
. ,
(1941-1944) .
,
,
.36
.

. .
,
.

33 . , ., 242.
34 , , . 14, . 18. (
- 1597).
35 , 1595; 10. 1929, , 7. :
. ; . , . , 242.
36 1941-1942. ,
1 : , -, 2006, 41.

107

1.

. I

2.
3.

./

23. IX 1914

22-1-1

18. XI 1915

22-2-3

21. II 1915

14-2-14

18. XI 1915

15-3-11

4.

. .

5.

20. X 1915

7-2-13

6.

29.VIII1914

13-1-9

18. XII 1914

14-2-24

8.

. .
. II

18. XI 1914

14-2-26

9.

8. VIII 1914

22-8-13

10.

26. II 1915

15-3-10

11.

22. X 1914

14-2-24

7.

(19141915) .
.

108

20. II 1915.

19. II 1915.

27. II 1915.

28. I 1915.

3. IV 1915.

17. III 1915.

22. XII
1914.
1915.
23. II 1915.
1915.

1915.

1.

2.

. .

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

./

9.

I .

10.

11.

..

.
.
.
.

18. II 1915.

18. IV 1915.
13. XII
1914.
18. II 1915.

9. XII 1914.

10. III 1915.

13. III 1915.

. .

.
. . II
.
.
.
.

21. II 1915.

5. III 1915.

26. XII 1914

14. XII 1914

24. X 1914.

12. IV 1915.

15. III 1915.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

109

30.

. . I
.
.

.
.

. I .

31.

32.
33.

26.
27.
28.
29.

34.

11. XI 1914.

1914.
30. X 1914.

11. II 1915.

1914.

1915.

3. XII 1914.

..
. I .
. .
. I .

11. III 1915.

9. II 1915.

-
- 1941-1945, ( : 179),
, , 1966. . 1.386
.
-
- .
- (
).
-
- . , .
. (1879-1900). .
- -, 1914-1915.
(1934-1941) - .
-
- . , .
. (1900-1919) (1914-1919). .
- (1916-1918).
.

- . , ( ), , 2001.
- . ,
1941-1942. , 1, -, 2006.
- Grupa autora, 110-godinjica vojne bolnice u Niu (1878-1988), Ni, 1989.

110

- ( 1876-1936),
, 1936.
- . , 1914-1915, , 2006.
- . 1939-1940, , 1940.
- . , (19181941), , 1994.
- 1900-1985 , , 1987.
- . . , 1878-1968, , 1972.
- . . , 1912-1917,
, 2010.
,
- . , ,
, 21, , 2012.
- . , 19121918
, 16-17, , 2008.
- , - 1932.

- , (2013).
- , (1936).
- , (2009-2011).
- , (1921-1929).
- , (1914-1915).
- , , (1920).

111

Aleksandar Dini
KILLED AND DECEASED NI WARRIORS 1914-1915
(BURIED AT THE OLD CEMETERY)
Summary
On the basis of available documentation and published literature, in Ni, the wartime capital of Serbia (19141915) there were permanently buried 11 officers, non-commissioned officers and privates of the Serbian army,
and temporary 34 of them. According to the entry in the record books of the Old Cemetery in Ni, the largest
number of Serbian warriors was killed in 1914 on Cer mountain, the Kolubara river and the Drina river. Data
about the buried ones at the Military Cemetery have not been preserved, while number of those buried at the
Old Cemetery cannot be considered final due to the lack of regimental diaries and records of the killed and
deceased.

112

A: 1931.
, , ,
.
01. 1939. ,
.

.
. ,

.

.
, , .
: , , , ,




6. 1941. , ,

- , ,
.1 60.
()
9. 1941. .2
, 809,
. O ,
, , ,
. , ,
.3

1 Aprilski rat 1941. (zbornik dokumenata), knjiga 2, Beograd, 1987, 353-355.

2 . , . , . , . , ,
, 1968, 101. ( : )
3 , 114.

113


,
,
.
22.000 .4 , ,

.5
11. 10. 12. 1941,
3.500 60 .
11. 27. 1941.
4.500 . 6

,
20.000

(Gefangenen Lager-Kawallerie-Kaserne Nisch).
,
12. , 2. .7
1930.
.8
,
2. .
.9
,
, .
,
.

, 1941.
,
- .
Aussenkommando Nisch,
Befehlshaber und des SD (BdS) ,
.10
809 1941.
(Das Anhalter

4 . ,
1941 1945, , 1998, 127. ( : . ,
1941 1945).
5 . , 1941-1944.
, XII, , 1972, 97.
6 . ,
1941 1945, 133.
7 , , . 12, . . 25/1-1.
8 . , , , 2012, 4. ( : .,
)
9 , , . 12, . . 25/1-1.
10 . , , 3.

114

lager- Nisch), .

,
, .
- . 11, 12,
13 14 ,
. ,
.
: ,
: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 9.
. , ,
, ,
.
.
,
.11
.

1.
Fig. 1 Layout of the concentration camp building

11 , 12. 2. 1942. , VI,

, 13. ( : , )

115

MA 1941.
1942.

,
. 15.
23. 1941. , ,
150
- , , , , ...
,

, .12



- .
50,
. 23.
1942. ,
. 150
11. , ,
10 , 20 30 ,
1941. .13

,
.
, ,
.
,
.
809.
31. 1941. .

.

, ,
-
.14 1941. ,
.

1941. 1942.
, .

12 . , ,
- , 1983, 97. ( : . ,
).
13 , 97-99.
14 , 90-91.

116


.15
. ,
,
23. 24. 1941. .16
30. 1941.

12.17

,
.
15. 1941. ,
. 48
19. 1941.
, .18


.
1941.
.
1941.
, -
.
.
8. 1942. . 19

1942. 24
.
, ,
.20 1941.

.
.21

1942. ,
.22 10
,
1941. .23

15 . , , 101.
16
17 , (19411944), I, , 18-19. ( : , )
18 . , , 102.
19 , V, , 3-8.
20 . , , 104.
21 , IV, M , 4-5.
22 . , , 103.
23 , II, , 1. ,
. ,

117


.24 e
. ,

.25


.
1942.
.


,
. , , ,
,26
.

,
.
.
. :
100, 50.27
, , 1941. ,
1:50 1:25.28 , .
. ,

. ,
.
() ()
.
.

, .
().


.29

. .
24 . , . , 1941,
, 6-7, , 2013, 65.
25 , II, , 1-2.
26 , , 374.
27 . , ,5.
28 . , , 63.
29 . , , 10-11.

118


,
, , .
, .

. ,
.
, .
, , ...
,
.
. , , ,
.
.30

,
. , ,

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, , ,
.31 , :
14 .
. ,
,

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. .
,
.
.32

,
, .
. ,
, ,
.
.33 .
- .

,
, .
,

30 . , , 108-109.
31 . , , 112.
32 , II, , 4.
33 , VI, , 10; , III, , 3.

119

 , .34
10 ,
, 3-4
. , 3 3 3 ,
.
12
.35
O


1942. .
7. 1942. .36 ,
.
.
.
,
. ,
, .37
.

,
. .

9 . , ,
.38 9. 1942.
.39
12
. 80-
.
.40

.41
,
.

34 , III, .
35 , II, , 13.
36 , , 6.
37 , IV, 11; , VI, , 8; ,
I, , 46.
38 , , 11.
39 . , , 135.
40 , I , , 10; , , 11.
41 , VI, , 12.

120

 2 3:
Fig. 2 and 3: Branko Bjegovi and Vule Vukainovi

. ,
:
, .
, : , !42
, ,

12/13. .43
,
,
. ,
.

.
,
.44

42 , 1, , 7.
43 , III , , 9. , XXXV,
, 50.
44 . , , , 1985, 14. ( : .
, )

121



, ,
. .45
, , ,
. ,
.


. .

, ,
.

.46 5-12
.47


,
.48

, .
.
,
.
.
, ,
.49
.50


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. 20.
,
. , ,
.
. .
-, 17
, ,
.51

45 , II, , 12.
46 , , 10.
47 , I , , 37.
48 , II, , 2.
49 , II, , 3.
50 , 3.
51 . , , 133-134.

122



12 10. ,
.

. ,

.
,
.
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,
,
. ,
. ,
, .
.53

,
. ,

,
.
,
. ,

. , 11. 1942.
12 ,
.54

, 12.
. , ,
,
.55 .
17 ,
. .

.
.56 ,
12

52 . , , 136.
53 , , 13; , III , , 10-11 .
54 . , ., 137.
55 . , , 23.
56 , , 14.

123

 .
.
, .
.

12 19 30 .57

Kao ,
,
.58 ,
.
. ,
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,
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.62

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.
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,
.


.
, .63
.

57 , II, , 17; , , 14.

58 , , 62; , VI, , 9.
59 . , , 137.
60 , , 62.
61 , 63.
62 . , , 137.
63 , , 10-11.

124


,
, .
.64
, ,
.65

,
, .
.
, , .66
,
, . ,
,
. ,
. 67

.
,
. ,
. ,

,
. ,
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,
. ,
, , .

,
,
. 2-3

.
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,
. ,
14. 1942. : 147
, 42 , 105 ,
. 12.
1942. 147 ,

64 . , , 138.
65 , II, , 5.
66 , , 65.
67 , 66.
68 . , , 138-139.
69 , 139.

125

 4:
Fig. 4 German report on the concentration camp breakout

. 42 .

, 14. 1942. ,
:
102 , 40
.
.
. ,
, , . 5
. 70



.
, 16, 17. 19. 1942.
.71 ,
.
1942. ,

70 . , , 141.
71 . , , , 1963, 24. ( . . , ); . ,
, 16.

126

 .

.72

,

. 7 15
.
,73
.74
. .

.75


. ,
.
.
, 19.
1942. . ,
584
.76 ,
.


. 12
, 12
. ,
. 530 ,
, 220
24. 1942.
.77

72 , , , 1980, 4.
73 . , , 149.
74 . , , 25.
75 , , , 1980, 4.
76 . , , 146.
77 , 149-151.

127




- 12. 2. 1942.
-
(1941-1944)

-

- 1941. ( )

- . ,
1941-1944. , , XII,
, , 1972.
-. , . ,
1941. , , 6-7, , 2013.

- . , . , . , . ,
, , 1968.
- . ,
1941-1945 , , 1998.
- . , , , ,
1985.
- . ,
, -
- - , - , 1983.
- . O, , , 2012.
- . , , , 1963.
- , , 1980.

128

Ivan Miti
THE FIRST ESCAPE FROM THE CONCENTRACION CAMP
OF CRVENI KRST (RED CROSS)
Summary
The event that has marked existence of the concentration camp certainly was the first escape (from there),
which took place on February 12, 1942. Organized without any help from the outside, the inmates have shown
great courage and determination in order to save their own lives. Fearing that they would not survive the next
day, they decided to perform that heroic act. Although everything was planned in details, the escape started
suddenly, which caused confusion among the escapees as well as among the German guards. The escape stroke
a big blow to the German occupation authorities and, as punishment, it was followed by the mass shooting
of innocent people on the hill of Bubanj. That event transcends boundaries of the national history and can be
considered as a significant event in the World War II history. The escape from the Nis concentration camp, on
February 12, 1942 was the first successful escape from all of the concentration camps throughout the enslaved
Europe, which is the reason why the Nis concentration camp occupies one of more significant places at the map
of European concentration camps.

129

:
,
, ,
, . ,
,
.

: , , ,
, - - - , , ,
,


5. 1940.
,
,
numerus claussus,1 ,
,
.

. , ,
,
-, :
, .
, , , , ,
. () , ,
, . - .

1 Numerus claussus (lat. ), ,

. , ,
, , ,
.
, . .
,
, , .
31. 1931.
0,49%. , , ,
, .
: 5. 1940; Dr J. Romano, Jevreji Jugoslavije 1941-1945 rtve genocida i uesnici
Narodnooslobodilakog rata, Savez Jevrejskih optina Jugoslavije, Beograd, 1980, 12.

131

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132



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133

134


A letter of dr. Bora Bezuha from the Camp at Crveni krst

2.

,
,
1992.
, ,
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.
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(numerus claussus .), ( , . ..)

7 , 29. 1. 1992, .1 (
).

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(20.6.1927 20.10.2009)

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(, .3)
9 , 29. 1. 1992, .1. .
.6 1981, 18-20. (
). . , ,
, , 2001, 97.

136

 27. 1941.
Arresting of Dragia Cvetkovi 27. march 1941.

1944. ,
, ,, .
, ,
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,
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.

137

 : .10
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14 , . 3.

138

 ( ): , .
1940. 15
The Katan family round 1940.

. .
.
, ,, -
1937. , , ,

.16
,
,
, . .
, :
, ? (,
).

15 http:// yadvashem.org .

16 , . 3. 24. 1940.

139

 ( )
Albert Katans card

140

 ,
, .
( )
, .17
,
( ) .

.18

,
, .
,
, .
,
,
.

1941.

.

, , 29. 1. 1992.
, 7. 1940.
5. 1940.

Dr Venceslav Glii, Teror i zloini nacistike Nemake u Srbiji 1941-1944, Beograd, 1970.
Z. Levental, Zloini faistikih okupatora i njihovih pomagaa protiv Jevreja u Jugoslaviji, Savez jevrejskih optina
Jugoslavije, Beograd, 1952.
E. Mikovi, M. Radoji, B. Prpa, Logor Banjica: logorai: knjige zatoenika koncentracionog logora BeogradBanjica: 1941-1944, I- II, Istorijski arhiv, Beograd, 2009.
. , , , , 2001.
. , , , , 2014.
. , 1939-1945, , ,
1992.
. , , , , 2007.
Dr J. Romano, Jevreji Jugoslavije 1941-1945 rtve genocida i uesnici Narodnooslobodilakog rata, Savez
Jevrejskih optina Jugoslavije, Beograd, 1980.
M. Fogel, dr M. Ristovi, dr M. Koljanin, Pravednci meu narodima, Jevrejska optina Zemun, Beograd, 2010.

17 , . 3.
18 .
M. Fogel, dr M. Ristovi, dr M. Koljanin, Pravednici meu narodima, Jevrejska optina
Zemun, Beograd, 2010, 243.

141

Neboja Ozimi
DRAGIA CVETKOVI AND NI JEWS IN THE WORLD WAR II
Summary
Under the pressure of external factors, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Dragia Cvetkovi at the
end of 1940 brings a set of anti-Jewish laws (numerus clausus) which substantially contributed to formation
of negative attitudes about him. Thanks to researches of a publicist of the Jewish origin Jane Lebel, we learn
about until recently unknown details from the life of D. Cvetkovi. From her letter to Dragia Cvetkovis
daughter we find out that he kept in his house a Jewish family Katan, about which there is testimony, while
from a warm and friendly letter of Dr. Borivoje Beraha, sent in December 1941 from the concentration camp at
the Red Cross, we learn about Cvetkovis attempts to rescue his fellow citizens of the Moses religion. Those
documents are being published for the first time.

142

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, 1994.
3 . . . Ma, . . A, . , - 125
, . 50-52.
4 A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, New York, 1962.
5 . . . Ma, . . A, . , - 125
, . 70.

144

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24 : A. H. J. Ofgaar, L. van den Berg, C. Berger, R. X. Feng (Eds): INDUSTRIAL TOURISM:

Oportunities for city and Enterprise, Ashgate, Farnham, 2010. ISBN: 978-1-4094-02206
25 www.teslaways.com
26 , , E , 2011, (: A), . 6-7.

152

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A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, New York, 1962.
. , , 1928.
. , 19. , , 2008.
. . . Ma, . . A, . , - 125
.
A. H. J. Ofgaar, L. van den Berg, C. Berger, R. X. Feng (Eds): INDUSTRIAL TOURISM: Oportunities for
city and Enterprise, Ashgate, Farnham, 2010. ISBN: 978-1-4094-02206
. , : , ,
, 2008, ( - , ; 1).
. , , , , , 2006, ( -
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, , E , 2011, (: A).
, , 2005.
,
, , 4. 2010.

153

Mladen B. Mitrovi
HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT SVETA PETKA IN SIEVO AS NUCLEUS
OF THE MUSEUM OF INDUSTRALIZATION IN NI REGION
AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR TOURISM
Summary
The Kingdom of Serbia in the late 19th century was one of the smallest and least developed European countries.
The story of electrification of Serbia is the story of an attempt to skip the lagging behind in development by
adoption of modern technology.27 Serbia was among the first countries in Europe which started to produce
electricity. Namely, in 1900 the hydroelectric power plant Pod gradom (Under the city) started working in
Uice on the Djetinja river, the first hydroelectric power plant in Serbia in compliance with Teslas principles
of alternating current, four years after the hydroelectric power plant at Niagara Falls had started operating.
The intention of Ni authorities to introduce electricity was mentioned and written about first by Belgrade
newspapers in the end of 19th century, and then by Nis newspapers Trgovinski glasnik (Trade Gazette), which
in 1895 wrote that the second capital of the Serbian king, Ni, will also get the electric lighting. 28 Taking
into consideration that the hydroelectric power plants are built in places where there is sufficient running water
in terms of quantity and height differences. In 1899, location of a hydroelectric power plant was determined:
on the Niava river in Sievaka gorge near the monastery of Sveta (Saint) Petka. Mechanical engineer Aim
Stevovi designed the dam, channel and building of the hydroelectric power plant Sveta Petka, while it is
assumed that supplier of the equipment designed hydroelectric plant. Ofertilna licitacija (bidding for offers)
for the purpose of purchasing and installing the proper equipment, was announced before the end of 1905. The
bidding was held on January 28, 1906. Siemens-Schuckert Werke Company (Germany) placed the best bid, so
that it was entrusted all electromechanical works. Construction works on the hydroelectric power plant were
completed in late 1907, and in the first days of January began installation of the received electromechanical
equipment. The hydroelectric power plant Sveta Petka, which was immediately named Villa on the Niava
river, was put into operation on September 21, 1908 in the presence of the highest state and church authorities.
The Crown Prince Djordje Karadjordjevi officially put into operation the hydroelectric power plant. It was
the first state electric power plant, which illuminated Ni, the third, but the largest one in state at that time.
Almost every presentation of the city of Ni contains the following sentence (or some with similar content):
with Nika Banja (the spa), special balneological center close to the city, but also with its rich history and a
generous nature, the tourist offer of the city of Ni and its surrounding give great opportunities for spa, medical,
business and congress tourism. The historical legacy of Ni represents a rich treasury, although insufficiently
explored in many areas. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to one more opportunity within series
of new tourism opportunities to industrial tourism. Taking into account the time when it originated, the
hydroelectric power plant Sveta Petka represents an important monument of technical culture.

27 . . . Ma, . . A, . , - 125
, . 70
28 . , : , ,
, 2008, ( - , ; 1), . 17

154

 1.
Photography 1. Powerhouse of Sveta Petka hydropower plant

2.
Photography 2. Inscription plate

155

 3.
Photography 3. Water chamber with supply channel

4. ()
Photography 4. Water chamber with grid (right) and overflow

156

 5.
Photography 5. The fish trail

6.
Photography 6. Speed regulator mechanical

157

 7. -
Photography 7. Mechanical gear - belt drive

8. , Siemens-Schuckert-Werke
Photography 8. Turbine generators, Siemens-Schuckert-Werke

158

 9.
Photography 9. Inscription plate on the generator

10.
Photography 10. Control panel with instruments for all three aggregates

159

 11.
Photography 11. Tool - original keys that are still used

12. - ,
Photography 12. Dam in Sievo- accumulation, with grid at the entrance to the channel

160

 13. -
Photography 13. Dam in Sievo - built

161

1
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3 , 18781914, , , , ,
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4 , VI-1, , 1994, 16.

163


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140 47 .
162, 1911.
17, 179,
50 .5

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(1885), (1887),
(1888),
(1889), (1895)
(1903).
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(1908),
(1908), (1909),
(1911). 1912.
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6 , M , 65, . 1092, . 2076, (
, 6510922076); 6510922076; 6513202304; 6513212305; 6513392323; 6513402324;
6513412325; 6513422326; 6514572441; 6514582442; .
7 - , 18151941, ,
, 2004, 203.

164

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5,05%, 4,58% 0,85%.10

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.11

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8 , , I, , 1988, 76.
9 , 6513392323, 11. 1921.
10 Smiljana urovi, Dravna intervencija u industriji Jugoslavije (19181941), Beograd, 1986, 40.
11 18841934, , 1934, 152.

165

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13 Ivo Belin, Problemi nae valute, studija za sanaciju nae privredne krize, Zargeb, 1924, 5.
14 , . . - , , XLVI, , 2006, 162.
15 . , , , XLVII, , 2007, 275.
16 , 6513402324, 10. 1932.

166

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18 , 6513402324, 15. 1924.
19 , 6513402324, 5. 1924.
20 , 6513402324, .

167

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1924.
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22 , 6513402324, 22. 1925.
23 , 6513402324, 7. 1926.
24 .

168

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, .

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26 , 6513402324, 6. 1927.
27 , 6513402324, 5. 1928.
28 , 6513402324, 24. 1929.

169

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30 Compass, Jugoslawien, Wien, 1930, 339.
31 60%
a ( ) 47,6%. (Boris Krev, Bankarstvo u Dunavskoj banovini, Novi Sad,
1998, 52).

170

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.

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32 S. urovi, n. d., 104.

33 ,
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34 , 6513402324, 1. 1931.

171

 .35 31.
1930. 3.259.465 ,
8.571.226 . 31. 1931.
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,
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1932.

, 1933.
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.
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35 , , 5, 30. 1932, 74.

36 , 6513402324, 28. 1932.
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38 , , 7486127, , 2.

172


.
3.447.158, 50%,
, 3.102.492,90
, . 8.142.816,60 5.040.323,70 .
,

.
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.

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, 755.210 .40
2. 41

1924.
1925.
1926.
1927.
1928.
1930.
1931.
1932.
1933.
1934.
1937.

1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1

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3.560.589
5.331.231,50
7.561.347
8.336.267,60
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2.961.058
2.491.212
728.345

1.744.528,95
4.235.055,70
7.700.103,35
10.301.142,45
10.320.210
8.571.226,05
6.317.498
2.870.340
2.021.999,50
1.662.054,50
1.312.033,50

20.172,25
35.326,25
90.447,85
303.142
382.562,35
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-

.
1. 1934. 1 ,

39 , 6513402324, 19. 1933.

40 , 6513402324, 31. 1932.
41 , 6513402324, 1924. 1937.

173

 .42
1936.
,
.
,

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,
,
.
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2% .43

, ,
11. 1936. ,
.44
,
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229.900 ,
249.750 71.152 ,
200.000 .
1.437.230 , 300
10.000 - 398.962 , 10.000 26
1.038.268 .
94.000 ,
453.370 ,
1.861.327 ,
61.000 , 418.620 ,
, ,
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120.334 ,
100.000 , 385.741 .
,
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, ,
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26% ,

42 , 6513402324,
4. 1934.
43 , 6513402324, 11. 1936.
44 , 6513402324, 31. 1935.
45 , 6513402324, 1. 1936.
46 , 6513402324, 31. 1935.

174

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,
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1932.
4.106.633 , 2.579.584,50
.51 ,
1937. : 500
, 500 1.000 50%, 1.000 5.000 10%
5.000 10.000 5% .
10.000 25.000 100% , 25.000 50.000
50% .52

47 , 6513402324, 1. 1936.
48 , 7486127,
1937, 21.
49 oso Lakato, Jugoslovenska privreda, Zagreb, 1933, 216.
50 , 7486127,
1937, 29.
51 , 6513402324, 4. 1934.
52 , 6513402324, 21. 1938.

175

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XX
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176




,

XX .

,
,
,

, , (19211922), I,
, 1922;
Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca, Almanah (19271928), svezak III, Zagreb
1929;
, , 1929;
Compass, Jugoslawien, Wien, 1930.

, , 19301932.

I. Belin, Problemi nae valute, studija za sanaciju nae privredne krize, Zagreb,
1924;
. , . . - , , XLVI,
, 2006;
. , , , XLVII,
, 2007;
. , 18621932, ,
1933;
S. urovi, Dravna intervencija u industriji Jugoslavije (19181941), Beograd,
1986;
, VI-1, , 1994;
B. Krev, Bankarstvo u Dunavskoj banovini, Novi Sad, 1998;
. Lakato, Jugoslovenska privreda, Zagreb, 1933;
. , 18781914, , ,
, , 2004;
18841934, , 1934;
. , , I, , 1988;
. . , 18151941,
, , 2004.

177

Ivan M. Beci
Ni Discount Bank
Summary
Although after World War II operated six financial institutions in Ni, in 1924 a new one was
founded, under a name of Nika eskontna banka (Ni Discount Bank). Like other banks, here the largest
number of founders belonged to the trade class of society, and the Banks share capital amounted to 1 million
dinars, according to which it was in line with banks of a modest capital and local character. Already in the
second year of its operation, the Discount Bank increased its capital to 2 million dinars and purchased its own
building for business.
Since the Discount Bank dealt with purely banking operations, it gained the trust of the citizens, so
that the amount of savings deposits grew constantly in the coming years. Successful business operating was
also reflected in the amount of the dividend that was paid to shareholders and which was at the average level
for financial institutions in the eastern part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.
Outbreak of banking crisis in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the beginning of autumn in 1931
adversely affected operations of all financial institutions in the country. On the territory of Serbia the largest
number of the banks customers was made of farmers who found themselves in situation when they could
not pay off the loans. In order to protect them, the government in April 1932 introduced a moratorium on
repayment of farmers debts, by which work of the majority of banks was paralyzed. Savings deposits were
intensively withdrawn from the banks, which found themselves in situation that they could neither collect their
receivables, nor pay off deposits, so they sought protection from the state.
Operation of the Discount Bank since outbreak of the crisis was reduced to payment of savings
deposits to the extent possible, and since 1936 the Bank was put under protection. Savings deposits were paid
until the beginning of World War II in Yugoslavia, and the Bank stopped operating in mid-1942.

178

ETNOLOGIJA
ETHNOLOGY

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190

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, - - . III
, ,
, , 28, , 1995.

Iva Trajkovi
The Comb-making Craft
Summary
The comb-making craft belongs to the group of very old crafts. Combs made of bone, horn and wood are
known by almost all cultures worldwide and in the region of Europe they had been made and used by the
Hellenic, Roman Byzantine, Slavic, Ottoman cultures. Hellenistic tradition of manufacturing such products,
being the oldest one, was present until VII century so that on its grounds the manufacturing of combs was
continued by all the nations of Europe. Until the Middle Ages three-piece combs were made mostly of antlers,
rarely of bone, from two plates connected by parapet and rivets, with two rows of cogs. In the region of Serbia
during the Turkish occupation times, that craft was mainly practiced by the Turks who were making one-piece,
two-row combs from buffalo, bovine and rarely- ram horns. The Serbs took over that craft from the Turks in
Macedonia (Prilep) and after the Turks had left in 1878, they brought it to Serbia (Leskovac) and other towns.
At the turning of 19th into 20th century, this craft experienced a sudden rise in Leskovac and other towns. Shops
and stores of those artisans-masters were situated in craft-trade districts, they were small and dusty. The raw
material horns - was purchased by the artisans at the territories of former Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, and
finished products were sold in shops, at the markets and fairs throughout Serbia and Macedonia, also supplying
the Serbia the army. In Ni, this craft was practiced from 1948 to 1961 by the comb maker Vladimir Hadi
Tani with his business partner ivojin ivkovi, also a comb maker. In the new post World War II social and
economic circumstances, combs valjivci (for combing lice out of hair) were highly in demand because of
lice by which the population was infected, so that one could live well from that craft. Soon the industrialization
of the country occurred when numerous factories have been built. With their cheap products, they suppressed
the craft production, which was also the case with comb craft, because the market was flooded by the factory
produced combs made of plastic and rubber. After closing his shop, Vladimir sold the machines to Dragoslav
Jovanovi, a comb maker from Leskovac. Despite great difficulties in operating the business, this craft was
maintained in Leskovac until the end of 20th century. The comb-making craft was regulated within the guild
established only in 1929 and the patron saint (slava) of that craft is Saint Thomas, who had been celebrated
also before establishment of the guild.

191

 ,
Dragoslav Jovanovi, one of the last comb manufacturers

Testimony of the comb- making craft

192


Comb manufacturing shop

,
Combs made of horn, manufactured by the comb manufacturer Dragoslav Jovanovi
from Leskovac

193


Comb-models made of tree used for shaping horn made combs

194

ISTORIJA UMETNOSTI
ART HISTORY

: ,
, ,
,
. , ,

.
,
,
XVII XX .
(, ,
, )
XVII XVIII .
: , , ,

,
,
, . ,
,
, ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
.1

1 . . Lebl, Jevreji u Niu, Jevrejski almanah 1971-1996. (2000),

137-152. V. www.elmundosefarad.eu . .
. M. Rozen, In the Mediterranean Routes, The Jewish-Spanish Diaspora from
the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries ( ), Tel Aviv 1993; E. Benbassa and A. Rodrigue, The Jews
of the Balkans: The Judeo-Spanish Community, 14th to 20th Centuries, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, England
and Cambridge, Massachusetts 1995; P. F. Sugar, Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804,
University of Washington Press 1996, 267-270. . . ,
, 1959-1960, 29-53.

197


1651. . 1695. .
,
(1756-1780),
, 1801. ,
.
,
. XVIII
, ,
,
, , ,
,
.
15. 1879.
. XIX ,
. XX ,
, , ,
. , 2
, 1924. ,
(. 1). ,
Art Nuvoa
,
. , 360
, ,
, .2
9600
m (120 x 80m).
.

,

. 1948.

.
,
, ,
Jewish Joint Distribution . 2006/2007.

.
, ,

2 . , , 137-145; www.elmundosefarad.eu, . .

198

 , .
,
, ,
,
.3

, ,
, , ,
, -
.

,

XVII XX .

, ,
, XVII XVIII .
,
, , ,
XIX .

, - , ,
.
, ,
,
(. 2). , XIX
XX , ,
(. 3, 4).
, , XIX XX ,
.4


.
,

3 www.elmundosefarad.eu,
. .
4 .
M. Rozen, Hasky Cemetery: Typology of Stones, Tel Aviv University and The Center for Judaic
Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Tel Aviv 1994. . ead., A Survey of Jewish Cemeteries in Western
Turkey, Jewish Quarterly Review 83 (1992), 71-125.
, , . , ,
, 6 (1992), 201-215,
XVIII XIX , 201-204.

199

, XVII XVIII ,
:
1. , ,
() (. 5,
6);
2. ,
- (. 7);
3. ,
- (. 8);
4.
(. 9).


,
,
,

XVII
. ,
,
,
,
,
1658. . ,

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.5 ,
, ,
,
XVII XVIII .

,
, . ,
, ,
.6 ,
,

5 G. Sholem, Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah, Princeton University Press 1973, passim, and in particular
pp. 157-160, with data regarding his Balkan exploits.
6 Id., On the Kabbalah and Its Symbolism, New York 1969; Kabbalah of Creation. The Mysticism of Isaac Luria,
Founder of Modern Kabbalah, translated and with commentary of E. J. Klein, Berkeley, California 2005.

200



,
. ,
, .
.
,
, ,
.
,

,
,
.
47,12,
,

, , , ,
.
. ,
.

, ,

ad astra.7
,
, .
,
. ,
. ,
(Ancient of All Ancients, God Head prior to his
self manifestation), . ,
, , . ,
, , ,

,
, homo imago dei, ,
,
.8

7 Z. Ameisenowa and W. F. Mainland, The Tree of Life in Jewish Iconography, Journal of the Warburg
Institute 2 (1939), 326-345, 330-331.
8 S. Parpola, The Assyrian Tree of Life: Tracing the Origins of Jewish Monotheism and Greek Philosophy,
Journal of Near Eastern Studies 52 (1993), 161-208, 169-176.

201


, ,
, ,
XVIII .9 ,
, ,

,
.

( ), ,
.10 ,
,
.
,
?
, ,
.11
,
,
. ,
, . ,
, -.
, , ,
,
.12

.13
, .
, ,

9 Z. Ameisenowa and W. F. Mainland, The Tree of Life, 344.

10 Ibid., 344-345. . J.
Gutmann, When the Kingdom Comes, Messianic Themes in Medieval Jewish Art, Art Journal 27 (1967-1968),
168-175; id. Leviathan, Behemot and Ziz: Jewish Messianic Symbols in Art, Hebrew Union College Annual
39 (1968), 219-230. Cf. takoe L. Drewer, Leviathan, Behemot and Ziz: A Christian Adaptation, Journal of the
Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 44 (1981), 148-156.
11 R. Adelman, The Poetics of Time and Space in the Midrashic Narrative The Case of Pirkei de Rabbi
Eliezer, Ph. D. dissertation, Hebrew University 2008, 124-137, 164-240. V. takoe M. M. Epstein, The
Elephant and the Law: The Medieval Jewish Minority Adapts a Christian Motif, The Art Bulletin 76 (1994),
465-478, posebno 474.
E. R. Wolfson, Light Through Darkness: The Ideal of Human Perfection in the Zohar, The Harvard Theological
Review 81 (1988), 73-95, posebno 84-87.
12 E. R. Wolfson, Light Through Darkness: The Ideal of Human Perfection in the Zohar, The Harvard
Theological Review 81 (1988), 73-95, posebno 84-87.
13 S. T. Lachs, Serpent Folklore in Rabbinic Literature, Jewish Social Studies 27 (1965), 168-184.

202

 ,
, , , -
.14
, ,

.15

, .

, ,
, , .16
,
, .

,
,
. , , ,
,
, .
.
o . ,
, ,
, . , ,
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
,
.17
,
.

,
.
.
. ,
.

14 Ibid., 172-174.
15 Ibid., 174-175.
16 Ibid., 176-179.
17 Ibid., 177-178; R. Adelman, The Poetics of Time and Space in the Midrashic Narrative, 124-138.

203

, ,
. ,
,
,
.18 , ,

, .

,
.

Jelena Erdeljan
Contribution to the knowledge of symbolism motifs on the tombstones of the old Jewish cemetery in Nis
Summary
This paper presents a possible iconograpic interpretation of imagery carved on tombstones dating from the end
of the XVII and the XVIII century found on the sole surviving Jewish cemetery in Ni. The symbolic meaning
of images (circles, snake, twisted rope) is sought in the both the circle of Shabatean teaching and the general
Jewish concepts of the afterlife and eschatological ideas.

18 S. T. Lachs, Serpent Folklore in Rabbinic Literature, 179.

204

. 1.
Fig. 1 The synagogue building in Davids Street in Ni

205

. 2. XVII XVIII
Fig. 2 Older monuments from XVII and XVIII century without inscriptions

. 3. XIX XX
Fig. 3 Younger monuments from XIX and XX century with inscriptions

206

. 4. XIX XX
Fig. 4 Younger monuments of the XIX and XX century with inscriptions

. 5.
Fig. 5 Horizontal plate with carved circles

207

. 6.
Fig. 6 Horizontal plate with carved circles

. 7.
Fig. 7 Monolithic pseudo-sarcophagus with representation of snake

208

. 8.
Fig. 8 Horizontal plate with representation of twisted rope

. 9.
Fig. 9 Horizontal plate with schematic representation of human figure

209


CONSERVATION

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17 Arnaudovski i Laslo, 1992, 221.
18 Koob, 2006, 11.
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41 Rmisch-Germaniches- Zentralmusum, Mainz,
. ikrolith
(C. Eckmann, Ein schnellhrtender Silikonkautschuk auf Vinylpolysiloxan-Basis als
Manschettenmaterial bei Ergnzungen von Glsern, Arbeitsbltter, 1995, 72-76).

223

 . ,
.
,
. ,

.
, 2 mm .
. ,
.
,
, .42


, :

, .
,
.
(Araldit 2020
).
.
, ,
.
, .


. .
, ,
.
(. 5).

. 5.

Fig. 5 Schematic representation of
procedure of pouring epoxy glue
42 Eckmann, 1995, 74.

224


, ,
,
.

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,
.
.


,
.
, Araldit- 2020
.


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6. -


47 . , 7
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,
(. 1189/) (. 124/).
6.1. (. 1189/)
6.1.1.

, ,
. : o 9,5 cm, 9 cm.
. IV .43
6.1.2.


2012. , ( ) ,
72.44
, .
(. 6).
.

43 , , 2014: 119, . . 109.

44 , , 2012.

225

. 6. 72, -
2012 in situ
Fig. 6 Tomb 72, Jagodin mala-Benetton in
2012 and finding of glass fragment in situ

6.1.3.

,
,
(. 7).


, . ,
.

. 7.
Fig. 7 Appearance of the glass after admission to the conservation lab

226


a 43 ,
0,15 cm.
.
,
.
(. 8).

. 8.
Fig. 8 Appearance of the fragments before cleaning

6.1.4.


, .
e,
, , ,45
.

(SA 4124)
1 cm
.
(. 9).

45 ,
(Brigita Petek, Rastavrivanje/Konserviranje stekla, Drobci anticnega stekla, Koper
2004,146).

227

. 9.
Fig. 9 A glass after being joined with adhesive tape

, e
ee
(Loctite 401, Henkel), (. 10).

. 10.

Fig. 10 A glass after after fixation with metal bridges

.11.

Fig.11. Appearance of the object after
pasting fragments

2-3 , e
, .
Araldit 2020.
o
. ,
(. 11).


.
,
.
Araldit 2020
, Elite HD+ Regular body, .

228


,
. ikrolith
(BASF)46 -.
(. 12).

. 12.
Fig. 12. Probe of obtaining the appropriate
color

6.1.5.



(. 13).

,
,
(. 14).

.
13.
Fig. 13 The glass prior to restoration

. 14.
Fig. 14. Casting epoxy glue in a mold

Araldit- 2020 16 .
,
(. 15).

46 BASF .

229




(. 16).

. 15.
Fig. 15. Appearance of the restored part of
the glass

. 16.
Fig. 16 Restoration of the glass rim

, Displex
.
.

,
.

,
(. 17).
,
, . ,

.

,
(. 18).

. 17.
Fig. 17 Restoration of the glass body

230

. 18.
Fig. 18 The glass after restoration

6.2. - (. 124/)
6.2.1.

- ,
, .
- . : 9,5
cm, 8,4 cm, 3,5 cm. VI .47
6.2.2.

-

1954. . - -
(. 19).
,

1954. 1977. .48
6.2.3.

.

.
,
(. 20).

. 19.
Fig. 19 The cup before being damaged

. 20.
Fig. 20 Appearance of the cup before
conservation

47 , 2014: 120, . . 110

48 , , 1977.
.

231


.

,
. .
,
.
,
.
. .
, ,
.
,49

.

,
.
FTIR (Fourier-
),
.50

(2 mg) ,
.


KBr (1.5 mg/150 mg KBr).
200 Mpa,
. KBr, Merck,
700 C,
30C, .
KBr .
.

FTIR
.
2964 cm-1 2866 cm-1 ,
CH2 . 1700 cm-1
(C=O) ,
1230 cm-1 1260 cm-1 C-O-C
(. 21).

49 - .
, 1935. (. ,
,
XV- 1 , 1994, 173).
50 FTIR
. FTIR 4000 400 cm-1, 2 cm-1,
BOMEM Michelson Hartman & Braun Series MB.

232

 1560 cm-1 1600 cm-1, 1300 cm-1 1390 cm-1,

NO2 , 3000 cm-1
C-O-H (. 22).

. 21.
Fig. 21 Structural formulas of nitrocellulose and polyvinyl acetate

. 22. FTIR
Fig. 22 FTIR spectrum of the examined samples

FTIR
,
.

233

6.2.4.

o .
,
(. 23).

. 23.
Fig. 23 Fragments of the cup before cleaning

. 24.
Fig. 24 Fragments of the cup after cleaning

234


42 ,
. 0,2 cm,
0,05 cm. o
(. 24).

,
.
,
.
. ,
(SA 4124).
, ,
, .

,
Araldit 2020 (. 25).

. 25.
Fig. 25 The cup after joining and pasting fragments

,
(. 26).

. 26.
Fig. 26 The cup after finishing the re-conservation

235


,
.
,
.
,
,
.



.
, ,
.
, ,

.

236


1. Arnaudovski A. i Laslo R, Staklo u: Tehnika enciklopedija, 12 Sat-Teo, Leksikografski zavod
Miroslav Krlea, Zagreb, 1992, 220-221.
2. . , : , , , 2002, 17-23.
3. S. Davison, Conservation and Restoration of glass, Butterworth-Heinemann imprint of Elsevier, Oxford, 2003.
4. . , . . , , ,
, 2014.
5. . Eckmann, Ein schnellhrtender Silikonkautschuk auf Vinylpolysiloxan-Basis als Manschettenmaterial
bei Ergnzungen von Glsern, Arbeitsbltter fr Restauratoren Heft 1, Gruppe 5, Glass, RmischGermaniches-Zentralmusum, Mainz, 1995, 72-76.
6. . , Rheinisches Landesmuseum
Trier, , . 20, , , 2011, 313-315.
7. Koob P. S, Conservation and care of glass objects, Archetype Publications in association with The
Corning Museum of glass, New York, 2006.
8. . . , : , , ,
2002, 77-85.
9. Newton R. et Davison S, Conservation of glass, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1989.
10. . , 1933-2003, , , 2005.
11. . ,
, XV-1 , , 1994, 167-177.
12. . , , , ,
, 1994.
13. I. Filipovi i S. Lipanovi, Opa i anorganska kemija, kolska knjiga, Zagreb, 1998.
14. R. Wihr, Repair and reproduction of ancient glass, Studies in Conservation, 6 (Supplement 1), IIC,
London, 1961, 152-155.

237

Dragana Iljamovi
CONSERVATION OF THE GLASS AND CUP MADE OF GLASS
FROM ANTIQUE COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN NIS
Summary
For the needs of exhibition The Late Antiquity Necropolis in Jagodin mala in Ni, which was carried out
by the Museum in 2014, 47 glass vessels were conserved, including glass and cup that are subject matter
of this paper. Those items have been selected because of the demanding conservation treatment, which was
successfully implemented thanks to professional training conducted in the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier,
Germany, in 2011.
Conservation and restoration of the objects have been performed by using the epoxy glue Araldite 2020,
Mikrolith K pigments and polyvinyl silicone imprints mass. The most significant advantage of epoxy glue is
its transparency, low viscosity, stability, and when combined with pigments - its excellent resistance to aging.
The imprint mass with its elasticity, easy separation from the original surface, good adhesion and excellent
reproduction of fine details, demonstrated all the advantages of its use. As the glass is sensitive material,
working with it requires both knowledge of chemical properties of glass and materials for conservation as well
as large dose of patience, attention and professional attitude towards the exhibit.

238





, ,


1
:
2011.
W22.
,
. W22 ,

.

. ,
,
III
IV .
: , , IV , , ,
, ,

,
,
I .
, .
II a ,
I .

,2
,
.

domusa .

1
2012. .
, .
.
2 VITRUVIUS, Marco Pollio: , : , , ,
1990; , : , : , , 2011.

239




,
2011.
W22 ( 1)
,
.

( ,
),
,

. ,
,
,


.

, ,
,
. 1.
, W22
. , Fig. 1: Vila with peristyle - layout
. with designated room W22
,
,
. ,
.

.
,
,
( 60 cm).


. in situ
,
, ,
.



(buon fresco) ,
,

240


(
).

,

( 2),
a
- .



(
)
,

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( )
,
(
3).

,

.
, ,
.

,


,


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(secco)
( 4).

-

,
.

. 2.

Fig. 2. Microscopic snapshot of the paint layer
with distinct traces of painting brush

. 3.


Fig. 3. Dotted red line that helped the artist
in ornament construction

. 4.

Fig. 4. Microscopic snapshot of additionally
painted white surface using secco technique

241

 . ,
,
,
(
5 6).



, ,
- ,
XRF . ,
, - .3

5:

Fig. 5: Microscopic snapshot of painted
layer that changed color due to burning

6:


Fig. 6: Photography of the burnt fragment with noticeable changes in color
due to burning

,

.
, .
,
,

3 ,
. XRF
, -
. XRF ,
.

242

 .
, ,
IV ,

. , ,
.

XRF
,
XRF ( 1).

1. XRF
: .
Table 1. Results obtained by XRF and Raman spectroscopic analysis of the paint layer:
the assumption of the used pigments based on chemical composition

7.


Fig. 7. Microscopic snapshot of a fragment section with noticeable heterogeneous composition of mortar

243



, 50 ,
,
( 7). ,
,
. (intonacco) ,
,
.
.
-

-
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
- .

. ,
, .



,
. ,
, 90%
, , ,
( ) .

. 8.
Fig. 8. Fragment in the process of fitting

244

.


,
,

(
8). ,


. 9.
.
W22 Fig. 9. Missing areas of the fitted fragment
,

.

,
.
,
,
.



,


( 9).
.
,
,
,
, . 10.
punteggiaro
. Fig. 10. Retouching of the colored layer
using punteggiaro technique
.



. ,

. , ,
.
, ,
().

245


, .
,
,
,
. ,
.

,
1 cm

, , .

( 3 mm) , ,
, ,
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.
()


5 mm , ,
, -. ,
,
,
punteggiaro ( 10).

. 11. 1 (70x70cm):
-
Fig. 11. Fragment 1 (70x70cm):
red and blue borders

246

. 12. 2 (60x40cm):

( )
Fig. 12. Fragment 2 (60x40cm) fragment
of free (non-geometrical) painting

. 13. 3 (50x30cm): -
Fig. 13. Fragment 3 (50x30cm): blue-maroon borders

. 14. 4 (90x60cm):
Fig. 14. Fragment 4 (90x60cm): border with floral motifs

247

. 15. 5 (70x52cm):
Fig. 15. Fragment 5 (70x52cm): geometric borders with feather shape

. 16. 6 (120x55cm):
Fig. 16. Fragment 6 (120x55cm): geometric borders with feather shape

248

. 17. W22
Fig. 17. ssumed interior of room W22

,
,
. ,
tratteggio , .
,
. ,
, -
,
.
,
.
6 ( 11-16).

,
,
, . ,
,

.
,

249

 .4
, ,
.
,

,
( 17).
,
.
,

.


,
, .
, ,

. ,
,
.

Tijana Leki
Marina Teki
Vladimir Paji
Mia Jovanovi
Conservation, restauration, reconstruction and presentation of fragments of the wall images from the
Roman period at the archaeological site Mediana in the vicinity of Ni
Summary
During explorations of the northwestern part of the Roman villa with peristyle at the archaeological site
Mediana in 2011, there have been found fragments of frescoes fallen from walls of the room W22. The
fragments were visibly burnt, but with clearly visible remains of the wall painting with wide painting palette.
From the room W22, where the fragments were found, at the Faculty of Applied Arts, about forty groups
with more than twenty parts of crumbling plaster with painted layers were processed. Reconstruction of these
fragments was the first most complete reconstruction of the paintings from that locality. Scientific analyses
of pigments that have been conducted both gave answers to the questions asked about the applied painting
technology and provided an insight into the rich palette that was used during III and IV century, in the region
of the Roman Empire.

4 . . ,
-, .
.

250

VARIA

(2010-2015)
: ,
.
1955. , 1985.
, ,
, .
.
(2000-2010),
20, 2010.
2015. . 82 e e
,
.
ISBD(M) , , ,
, ISBD(S) .
.
,,de visu,
.

.

. ,
, ,
.
: , , .

1
1809. :
29-30. 2009.
/ [ ]. :
= The Institute for Recent History of Serbia ; : =
National Museum, 2010 ( : ). - 566 . : . ; 25 cm
300. . 9-11: / .
. .
Summaries. - . : ,, 1809
/ , , .
ISBN 978-86-7005-084-6

253

2
,
- :
2008-2011,
/ [: ; ]. : ; : , 2012
( : ). [3] .
100.
3
,
/ ; [ ,
; ] = Through the Fortress /
Marina Vlaisavljevi ; [photos by Saa orevi, Nenad Mladenovi ; translated
bz Sneana Drambarean]. : = National Museum, 2011(
: ). - 31 . : . ; 21 cm
2000. . . .
ISBN 978-86-83019-17-5
4
GRUDEN, Ivana
Stradanje Slovenaca u Niu tokom Drugog svetskog rata (1941-1944) / Ivana
Gruden ; [prevod na slovenaki Vera Popovi]. Ni : SKS ,,France Preern :
Medivest : Narodni muzej, 2014 (Ni : Medivest). 130 str. : ilustr. ; 25 cm
Tira 500. - Srp. tekst i slo. prevod. Str. 3: Prva knjiga o Slovencima u Niu /
Neboja Ozimi. Bibliografija : str. [132-135].
ISBN 978-86-88415-56-9 (Medivest)
5
,

(1941-1944) /
, . : , 2014 ( : ).
78 . : . ; 20 cm
1000. : . 63-68.
ISBN 978-86-83019-31-1
6
a (1941-1944) / ...[.]. :
: : , 2014 ( :
). 582 . : . ; 28 cm
300. .
: . 572-581.
ISBN 978-86-6101-103-0 ()

254

7
, (1919-1993)
: :
, , 11. 22. 2013. / [
; ]. :
; : , 2013 ( : ). 15
. : ; 15 x 22 cm
50. . . : . 14.
ISBN 978-86-83019-25-0
8
,
/ [
; ].
: ; : , 2011(
: Exscelsior). 21 x 21 cm
1000.
9
: / [
; ,
] = Late Antique necropolis Jagodin mala / [introductory text Gordana
Jeremi ; photos of artifacts, graphic design and prepress eljko Caji]. :
= Ni : National Museum, 2014 ( = Ni : =
Grafika Galeb). 178 . : . ; 21 x 27 cm
1000. . . .
. .
: . 175-178.
ISBN 978-86-83018-26-7
10
,
:
/ [ ]. : ; :
, 2013 ( : ). [3] .
200.
11
,
/ :
. : , 2014 ( :
). - [2] .
200.

255

12
,
: 1964-1969 :
/ ; [ ].
: , 2014 ( : ). 135 . : . ; 25 cm
500. : . 103-121.
. : 131-133. Summary.
ISBN 978-83019-35-9
13
,
: / [
]. : , 2011 ( : ).
144 . : . ; 24 cm
500. . 5-6: / .
. Summary: Branko Miljkovi - Poetry
and Destiny ; Resume: Branko Miljkovi - la poesie comme destin.
ISBN 978-86-83019-18-2
14
: 1914/1915 / [
[.]]. : , 2014 ( : ). 252 . :
. ; 23x23 cm
500.
. Summary, Resume.
ISBN 978-86-83019-34
15
,
/ [ ].
: : : ,,
, 2014 ( : Scero Print). 117 . : . ; 24 cm (
,, / [ ,, ] ; . 4.
; . 2)
200. a . . 113-115:
/ . : . 111. .
ISBN 978-86-7379-306-1
16
,
: / ;
[ ]. : , 2011 (
: ). 35 . : . ; 21 cm
1000. . . . . .
. : . 33.
ISBN 978-86-83019-19-9

256

17
,
/ .
/ . : , 2014
(). 33 . : . ; 20 cm
1000. .
ISBN 978-83019-32-8
18
,
/ . : ,
2012 ( : ). 47 . : . ; 21cm
1000. : . 43-46.
ISBN 978-86-83018-21-2
19
CONCENTRATION Camp at Red Cross / Neboja Ozimi, Aleksandar Dini.
- Ni : National Museum, 2014 (Ni : Medivest). 46 str. : ilustr. ; 21 cm
Tira 1000. Bibliografija: str. 43-45.
ISBN 978-86-83019-33-5
20
/ [ - . ;
; ] = [ Tanja
Trajkovi-Filipoviet al. ; translation Aleksandra Stoiljkovi ; photos Nenad
Mladenovi]. : , 2013. ([.. : .]). 84 . : .
; 29 cm
500. . . .
.
ISBN 978-86-83019-30-4
21
,
: /
, , . : ,
2012 ( : ). 20 . : . ; 24 cm
500. .
: . 19-20.
ISBN 978-86-183019-20-5
22
,,
(2013 ; )

:
313-2013, , 16. 17. 2013. / [

257

 ...[ .]]. : ,
2014 ( : ). 208 . : . ; 29 cm. ( /
)
200. . Summaries.
ISBN 978-86-908131-2-4
23
1933-2013 : 80
/ M ; [
]. - : , 2013 ( : ). 8 . :
. ; 20 x 14 cm
100.
24
/ [
...[ .] ; ]. :
, 2013 ( : ). 200 . : . ; 25 cm
500. .
. .
ISBN 978-86-83019-22-9
25
BULGARIA-Serbia IPA Cross-border Programme : Pravec-Ni : CCI Number
2007CB16IPO006 ( 2011 2 91 Contract No -02-29-34/21.01.2013 .)
,,Investing in historical Heritage for cultural and historical cohesion and
economical progress in Pravets and Nis Municipalities) . Pravets : Historical
Museum ; Contemporary Society Foundation ; Ni : National Museum, 2013
(Botevgrad : Contemporary Society Foundation). 144 str. : ilustr. ; 30 cm
Tira 500.

2011.
26
/ = Papers / The national Museum of Ni ;
. 1985. . 20. :
, 2011 ( : ). 24 cm
. 1993 1999. .
.
ISSN 0352-8979 =

258

2012.
27
/ = Papers / The national Museum of Ni ;
. 1985. . 21. :
, 2012 ( : ). 24 cm
. 1993 1999. .
.
ISSN 0352-8979 =
2013.
28
/ = Papers / The national Museum of Ni ;
. 1985. . 22. :
, 2013 ( : ). 24 cm
. 1993 1999. .
.
ISSN 0352-8979 =

29
, .
31. /
. // . . 22 (2013), . 235-241.
30
,
(XV ) / // . . 21
(2012), . 137-144.
31
/ // . . 22
(2013), . 91-100.
32
,
,
/ // . . 20 (2011),
. 161-165.

259

33
,, / // . .
21 (2102), . 35-42.
34
,,
/ // . - . 22 (2013), . 221-223.
35
2011-2013 / // .
. 22 (2013), . 229-233.
36
,
,, / //
. . 22 (2013), . 223-225.
37
,

1877-1878. / // .
. 22 (2013), . 115-132.
38
,
/ // . .
22 ( 2013), . 167-184.
39
,
() (1941-1945) /
// . . 21 (2012), . 93-110.
40
,
(Naissus officina) / // . . 22
(2013), . 9-27.
41
,
/ // . - .
22 (2013), .
147-166.

260

42
,
Rheinisches
Landesmuseum Trier, / // . . 20
(2011), . 313-315.
43
Fourier-
/
// . . 22 (2013), . 73-78.
44
-,
/ - // .
. 20 (2011), . 9-84.
45
,

(Naissus) / // . . 22 (2013), . 29-46.
46
,
1916-1918. /
// . . 20 (2011), . 207-225.
47
,
/ //
. . 20 (2011), . 191-205.
48
,, 1913. /
// . . 21 (2012), . 45-61.
49
,
/ // .
. 21 (2012), . 9-17.
50
,
1912. 1918. /
// . . 21 (2012), . 159-170.

261

51
,
2013. / //
. . 22 (2013), . 243-246.
52
,
:
/ // . . 22 (2013), .
105-114.
53
,
/
// . . 20 (2011), . 265-272.
54
,
/
// . . 22 (2013), . 47-72.
55
,
/ // . .
20 (2011), . 171-186.
56
IN MEMORIAM : (1952-2013) / //
. . 22 (2013), . 247.
57
,
, / //
. . 21 (2012), . 171-183.
58
,
/ // . . 20
(2011), . 252-262.
59
,, .
Perugia Spello, 27. 30. 2011.
/ // . . 20 (2011), . 303-306.

262

60

1942. / // . . 21 (2012), .
87-92.
61

/ // . . 22 (2013), .185-198.
62
,

/ // . . 20 (2011),
. 85-104.
63
,
XI ,, /
// . . 21 (2012), . 185-190.
64
,
: II
1916. / // . . 21
(2012), .65-86.
65
,
1912. .
/ // . . 20 (2011), . 187-190.
66
,
(2000-2010) /
// . . 20 (2011), . 275-302.
67
,

1934-1936. / // . . 20
(2011), . 237-251.
68
1876. 1944. / //
. . 21 (2012), . 121-134.

263

69

1903. 1918. / // .
. 22 ( 2013), . 133-146.
70
,
, / //
. . 21 (2012), . 145-158.
71
,
/
// . . 20 (2011), . 227-234.
72
1927-2004 / // .
. 22 (2013), . 199-218.
73
,
Fourier-
/
// . . 22 (2013), . 73-78.
74
,
/ // . . 20
(2011), . 145-153.
75
/ // . . 21 (2012), .
23-28.
76
/ // . . 22 (2013), .
85-90.
77
IN MEMORIAM : (1963-2013) / // .
. 22 (2013), . 249-250.
78
,
. 20022007. / // . . 20 (2011), . 105-142.

264

79
11. ICCM (Inernational Committee for the conservation of
Mosaics), 24-27. o 2011, - / //
. . 20 (2011), . 307-312.
80
Fourier-
/ //
. . 22 (2013), . 73-78.
81
,, 313.
/ // .
. 22 (2013), . 225-228.
82
,
. 20022007. / // . . 20 (2011), . 105-142.

, () 1
, . 29
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3, 14, 20, 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35
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, 5, 6, 19, 21, 39
, () 3
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, () 3
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, () 20

265


( ) 1
() 25
, 42, 43

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-, 44
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, ( ) 22
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266

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