“purmal
Publicity
Gannett Center for Media Studies
A Gant Fountnion Pram at Cohiba ier
Journalism, Publicity and
the Lost Art of Argument
CHRISTOPHER LASCH
ET US BEGIN WITH A SIMPLE PROPOSITION: What
| democracy requires is public debate, not information. OF course it
needs information, too, but the kind of information ic needs
‘an be generated only by vigorous popular debate. We do not know
‘what we need to know until we ask che right questions, and we can
identify che right questions only by subjecting our own ideas about
the world to the text of public conteoversy. Information, usualy seen
as the precondition of debate, is etter understood as its by-product.
‘When we get into arguments that focus and fully engage our atten-
tion, we become avid seekers of relevant information. Otherwise we
‘take in information pasively—if we take it in at ll
From these considerations i follows thatthe jb of the pres is
to encourage debate, not to supply the public with information. But
a things now stand the press generates information in abundance,
tnd nobody pays any attention, Its no secret thatthe public knows
less about public afsrs chan it used co know. Millions of Americans
cannot begin to cll you what is in the Bill of Rights, what Congress
‘docs, what the Constitution says about the powers ofthe presidency,
how che party system emerged or how i operates. A sizable majority,
acconding fo a recent survey, believe that Ira is an Arab nation,
Ignorance of public affirs is commonly aributed to the failure of
the public schools, and only secondatily tothe flue ofthe pres toinform. But since the public no longce participates in debates on
national isues, it has no reason to be better informed. When debate
‘becomes lost at information makes no impression
THOUGH THE QUESTION AT FIRST may com o have
lide to do with the issues raised by modern publicity, le us ak
why debate has become a lose art. The answer may surprise: Debate
began to decline around the turn of the century, when the pest
became more “responsible,” more profesional, more conscious ofits