SQA Navigation 032-73 Navigation March 2006
Staff Answers
Question 1
Part (a)
‘Vessel overloaded by 210 T over winter marks and must pass nto Winter Zone somewnere
Calculate distance to burn of fuel
Fuel to bumn =210 Ton
{Consumes 4 tonnes per day
20 hours
‘Therefore time required to bum off fue = = 710 +42 = 5 Day
Service speed = Tes
Distance to steam = 16x 120 « 1920 mis
inter Zone has southern boundary at 36°N but Seasonat Zone It wil already be classed as
Summer Zane. Therefore: See worksheet
‘essa cous steam direct to 36°N, 50°W
(OPOW gives eeberg tint as 2°, 40"W
‘Therefore: calculate distance to 36°N, 30°W
Initia Peiton = 300N, 79° A0W (Point A)
Waypoint = 36°N 50°W (Point W),
Deng 29" 40E
os Distance
8 DLong Cos LA Cot Lw «Sin LASin Lt
= Gos 29°40 x Cos 30x Cos 36+ Sin 30 Sin 36
ojsoersast3 + 0.293692626
So,s02e314
stance = 25°29.2
2 1529.2 mos
Therefore: On arrival at 26°N, SOOW vere has not yet burned off fuel Therefore: Calculate
stance from 36°N, 50°W to 40°N, 40°W (Point)
{Coe Distance ~ Cos lv Coe LY Coe Dong » Sin Lw Sin LY
oe 36-1 Cos 40"x Cos 10" + Sin 36° Sin 40"
Toveroazyeee « 0.37821077
=0.588148751
Distance
Total stance to 40°N, 40°W = 1535.2 » 529.8
= 2059.0 als
Fuel now burnt off so vesel can proceed dec to destination (" 14N, 6° 40W) In Seasonal
ove!
SQA Mar 06 Page 1Iceberg Limit = 40°N, 400W (Point ¥) long» 33°20 ¢E)
Destination «61° 14.8, 6°40 W Point 8
Cos Distance = Cos LY Cos U8 Cos DLong + Sin LY Sin LB
Tete aon cos 4°14 Con 39" 20+ Sin 40"x Sin 61°14
To,soaooss + 0563459136
Loariaesiez
Distance 29° 22.2
202.3 mies
Total Distance to 61" 14M, 6° 40W = 1529.2 + 529.8 + 1762.2 = 3821.2 mies
‘question 1,
See worksheet Question 1b for Answer
Question 2.
25.90
Water Line
‘chart Datum
Helght of Tide Required = 28.0-26.9 = 11m
‘SQA Mar 06 Page?1273 NAVIGATION worKsuEETO?
PEMARCH 2005
(This Worksheet mst be returned ih your answer bok)
esas ocs 105 [iz0s
Ccandidte’s Nave Examination Cote€
Standard Pert: Boston Date: 9th Aol Time Zor
Secondary Pot: Cape Cod Canal
sta port
Predicted
Eearoal chang
Std ror Uncorrected
Ditterences
Seesnal change See Fort —
Sec Port 1203
Duration a5 mia
From Tisl Cure HoT Required occurs hrs 20 mis before HW at 08:43 which I latest time
that Tug and Tow can pass under the Drie.
Question 3
Parta
1). The claimed accuracy of Loran Ci approximately «0.25 miles when groundwave
cception i avalable and + 2.0 miles when only skywave avaliable.
ange is approx 1200"forgroundwave reception but can double to 2400 fr shywave coverage
Perea Beeurac tase with increasing stance. Curenty there ace two chains on F,Coast
UgkrCanade which coud give coverage for part of the voyage and US costa waters.
Dvellabiiy 24 92a.
(1) Celestia observations if using a star fx then accuracy shouldbe in order of 2s on an
seear passage. Ronin fines using sun ave subject to more erors due to run between
Soverations Sar fees avalable wie a day during tight, sun-ran-sun during daytght
hours
[Al dependant on clear skies and visible Horizon.
Part 35.
‘an electronic chats basically a database of ll the charted features to be found on charts
Covering a specified area.
Ce a toatare ha its own set of entries ithe database, ea lghthouse wil have iS
EBSTd poston store onthe database. attached to tis entry wil be all he information
pncerning the ight that could be found on the chat:
fe. Typecot structure
Characteristics
Elevation
Nominal range, et.
Items stored onthe database would include depts (individual + contour), rocks, Buoys
Ug, TS wrecks etc
“Fee tace that cach feature can be stored individually means thatthe user can choose (with
SA Mar 06 Page 3some restrictions) what ie delayed, e.g all depts shallower than a stata depth could be
Showa but dept greater than the tated depth weuld rot be shown,
TAs known as layering and cou be used to show only thesltent features necessary for the
sate navigation ofthe vessel. Ae the vessel moves thvough an area, the computer system wl
tok for featares within tne radu of the ECDIS display. wil dplay features which come
within range and eiscard features as they move ost of range. This allows fora seamkess play
3s the vesel ants an aea.
Tee are set standands/ specications aid down by IHO regarding EUC but few systems meet
all the requirement.
Part 3c
“The Raster Navigational Chart (RNC) i 9 dgised scan ofan actual Admiralty chat and thes
fas the same accuracy as a paper char.
“The system Laks the sophitieation ofthe ENC as when che vessel reaches the edge ofan RNC
the play wil go Blane unless adjoining chart avalable in RNC format.
‘Carrent guidelines resarding RNC are such that paper charts must stil be carried and used for
navigation,
MN 83 gives general qudance ofthe vse of electronic chart systoms and use of each typeof
Oar
'MGN 193 gives detailed guidance on how the requirements for paper charts may be reduced by
Carrying out risk assessments on the major problems tat may be encountered when using
Poles to be considered, include
‘re there RNC charts with suifcient detail of coverage fr intended passage
Faure of vital components of the ECDIS system
Question 4.
“The Master shoud be called in ampe tie to allow hie
J. To observe the navigational and traffic stuaion Inthe appreaches tothe T.SS
{4 The engines shouldbe on standby and /R manne.
1 doth steering motors shoud be engaged prior tothe entering of .5S.. The Hetmsinan
Should switch to hand stering in ample time to alow hi Co gage resporsiveness to etn
orsers,
fv, Extra lookout t be posted prior to entering 5.5.
vs Watertight doors to be closed
1, Major navigational equipment to be tested, with particular reference to performance of
fadar? ARPA and the errors ofthe compass.
‘i, Systematic ploting of all targets commenced well before entering the scheme,
i Speed! adjusted to that commensurate with observed traftc density and available
SQA Mar 05 Page 41x, Frequency of position fixing tobe increased and ll major navigational marks tobe
‘entitled visually and by raga.
Check visibility using radar range to nearby targets and navigational tights
Pare 4,
Bridge Team to consist of: Master
ow
Helmsman
Lockout
Master: tobe In overall contol and responsible for collision avoidance.
* O0W= response Yor navigation and advising master of early warming of dar targets
‘causing concem
+ Helmsman: 2s vessel may need to manoeuvre quickly
* Lookout: due to Increased trafic density and posbity ofall craft inarea,
I the navigation feria then it may be prudent ta call a second OOW to Bridge. This wilt
+ GOW 1 - To concentrate purely on navigation and
+ 00W2 To tok ater cllsionavordance
‘Master can then take an overview of situation with aformation being ed fam both OOWS
Engine Room Team corsets of; Chief Engineer
o0w
GP Rating
+ Chief Engineer: to take care of / and monitor overall conitionofmachinery
and lage with Bridge rom E/R contr room.
+ EOOW: Co asist Chet Encincer andi necessary attend to alarms
+ GP Racing: 0 assist EOOW
In confined waters, recuced visibility or heavy traffic where failure of propulsion or steering
{ar could rapily put ship n danger, consiceration should be give to having etetcian ot
Second EOOW avatable,
Parte
When using Pl techniques OOW must stil fix vest postion on chart. The following checks
must be caried out prior touring Pt
|, Targets to be used for tracking must be positively identified and should not be chosen if
they are thely to be confused with ater targets in ely.
11 The overall perfermance ofthe radar tobe checked rior to and more frequent during
the passnge when using Pl
i Timebase must be accurately centred on own ship.
'v, The heading marker shoud be checked for algnment with ship Fx ine.
v-The Gyro eror should be determined prir to using P and shoud be allowed for,
SQA Mar 06 Pagessystem (6. GPS)
vii, OOW shoulé be aware that changing range scales may necesitate repositioning the Pl
ve If possible check accuracy of VR ac range rings agaist fx frm secondary navigation
4
lines.
Question 5a, a
Taget Targets | Target
Course ouer 1s 1156
Speed 7.5 Kate TO Kn
CPA = ae t
Tok = od Tos
Aspect co ‘one
Target
Crossing Vessel therefore under Rue 19 shoud avo alteration af course to Port fora vessel
forward of beam f not being overtaken
Target 8
Being overtaken - may be Joining TSS option of going to Pet or Starboard. Alteration to Port
would clear vessel aster
Target ¢
Is overtaking wn vesel and wil be involved in cose quarters situation with Target A and own
vessel i target vessel takes no action own vesel coud alter t Port or Starboare to clea.
Target A: Likely action alter course to tba
Target 8: Likely actin falter course to Port
‘Target C: Could alter course to Porto Stbd
Therefore own vessel requites bold alteration ofcourse to Starboard ora reduction in speed
however a reduction of speed wil not result ih Target C having a CPA» tre,
‘Theretore bold alteration of couse to Starboard required
Part Sb See Pot
‘Own vessel wil alter course to Std, by at Least 068= to anew course of 193017
Part Se
‘Vessel will no longer be proceeding with genera flow of traffic; owaver this is permitted
vessel has to manoeuvre to avoid immediate danger. Vessel will have to menitor how far
‘cross the lane the alteration of course wil take I veszl closer separation zone o ine
Boundary further action may be required to stay inane depending on ai.
Part Sd. See Pit
{vessel resumes arigna curse at 10:40 and remains at a spec of kts Target 8 wil have a
(CPA of 4c passing down the Port side of own vesst
Therefore further action may be required once Target A and C ae clear.
SOA Mar 06
Page 6NAVIGATION WORKSHEET Qs 2a MARCH 2006
(This Worksheet mst be etumed with your anower bok)
RADAR PLOTTING SHEET
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