Cross Sectional Study

TUTOR 15

TUTOR 15
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Lastari Maulidya H
Andi Annisa Rusyda
Stella Anugerah
Eneng Siti
Diana N
Jistrani S
Quwwatul K
Waryanto
M Ali Wardani
Fauzan Pratita
Rega Dwi Wandira

Dependent and Independent Variable

Dependent
Diabetes Mellitus
TB

Independent
1. vegetables and fruit intake
2. BMI

Descriptive and Analytic

Descriptive
1. Prevalence of diabetes nmellitus type 2 in
Jatinangor
2. Prevalence TB in DM type 2 patient in Jatinangor
Analytic
3. Relationship between BMI and DM type 2
4. Relationship between vegetables and fruit intake
and BMI

Measuring DM Type 2
1. What should Alya and friends do to get DM

type 2 data?
Kuesioner, pemeriksaan DM, pengambilan data
dari Dinas Kesehatan
2. What type of data will they get (nominal,

ordinal, numeric)?
Ordinal dan nominal

Measuring TB
1. What should Alya and friends do to get TB

data?
Kuesioner, pemeriksaan DM, pengambilan data
dari Dinas Kesehatan
2. What type of data will they get (nominal,
ordinal, numeric)?
Ordinal dan nominal

Measuring BMI
1. What should Alya and friends do to get BMI

data?
pengukuran tinggi dan berat badan
2. What type of data will they get (nominal,

ordinal, numeric)?
numerik

Measuring Vegetables and Fruit Intake

1. What should Alya and friends do to get
vegetables and fruit intake data?
- 24 hours food recall

2. What type of data will they get (nominal,

ordinal, numeric)?
- nominal, ordinal, and numerik

Sampling
Probability

Simple Random Sampling & Stratified Sampling

Non probability

Purposive and Voluntary

Bias
Selection bias
2. Observational bias
3. Misclassification bias
4. Recall bias
1.

Selection Bias
Stastical bias in which there is an error in choosing
the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific
study.

Observational Bias
A flaw in measuring exposure or outcome data that
result in different quality (accuracy) of information
between comparison groups.

Recall Bias
Systematic error due to differences between accuracy
or completeness of recall to memory of past event or
experiences (case and control recall exposures
differently)

Misclassification bias
It is originated when sensitivity and/or specificity of
the procedure to detect exposure and/or effect is not
perfect, that is, exposed/diseased subjects can be
classified as non-exposed/non-diseased and vice
versa. Errors are made in classifying either disease or
exposure status.

Prevalence & Prevalence Ratio

Disease
Prevalence of exposure

0.523529412
Exposure 1

Prevalence of disease

0.463541667

No disease
0.56284153
Exposure 2
0.426470588

No exposure
0.559139785

Thank You