Chng 1: MNG IN THOI DI NG

Bi 1: Gii thiu mng in thoi di ng GSM

Ni dung: nh ngha GSM, Cc mng GSM Vit Nam, Cng ngh ca mng GSM, Cng ngh
CDMA, Cu trc c bn ca mng di ng, Bng tn GSM 900MHz, Bng tn 1800MHz, Phng
php ti s dng tn s pht .
nh ngha GSM
GSM l vit tt ca t "The Global System for Mobile Communication" - Mng thng tin di ng ton
cu.
- GSM l tiu chun chung cho cc thu bao di ng di chuyn gia cc v tr a l khc nhau m
vn gi c lin lc .
Cc mng in thoi GSM vit nam
Vit Nam v cc nc trn Th gii, mng in thoi GSM vn chim a s, Vit Nam c 3 mng
in thoi GSM l :
- Mng Vinaphone : 091 => 094...
- Mng Mobiphone : 090 => 093...
- Mng Vietel 098...
Cng ngh ca mng GSM
Cc mng in thoi GSM s dng cng ngh TDMA. TDMA l vit tt ca t " Time Division Multiple
Access " - Phn chia cc truy cp theo thi gian .
Gii thch: y l cng ngh cho php 8 my di ng c th s dng chung 1 knh m thoi,
mi my s s dng 1/8 khe thi gian truyn v nhn thng tin.
Cng ngh CDMA .
Khc vi cng ngh TDMA ca cc mng GSM l cng ngh CDMA ca cc mng nh
- Mng Sphone 095...
- Mng EVN.Telecom 096...
- Mng HTL 092...
- CDMA l vit tt ca " Code Division Multiple Access" - Phn chia cc truy cp theo m .
Gii thch: Cng ngh CDMA s dng m s cho mi cuc gi, v n khng s dng mt knh
m thoi nh cng ngh TDMA m s dng c mt ph tn (nhiu knh mt lc) v vy cng ngh
ny c tc truyn dn tn hiu cao hn cng ngh TDMA
Cu trc c bn ca mng di ng
Mi mng in thoi di ng c nhiu Tng i chuyn mch MSC cc khu vc khc nhau (V d
nh tng i min Bc, min Trung, min Nam) v mi Tng i li c nhiu Trm thu pht v
tuyn BSS

Bng tn GSM 900 MHz

- Nu bn s dng thu bao mng Vinaphone, Mobiphone hoc Vietel l bn ang s dng cng
ngh GSM.
Cng ngh GSM c chia lm 3 bng tn
- Bng tn GSM 900MHz
- Bng tn GSM 1800MHz
- V bng tn GSM 1900MHz
Tt c cc mng in thoi Vit Nam hin ang pht bng tn 900MHz, cc nc trn Th gii
s dng bng tn 1800MHz, M s dng bng tn 1900MHz .
Bng tn GSM 1800 MHz

Bng tn GSM 1800 MHz

bng 1800M, in thoi d thu di sng 1805MHz n 1880MHz v pht di sng 1710MHz
n 1785MHz

Khi in thoi dd thu t i pht trn mt tn s no (trong gii 1805MHz n 1880MHz) n s tr

i 95MHz ly ra tn s pht, khong cch gia tn s thu v pht ca bng GSM 1800 l 95MHz .
So snh 2 bng tn

Bng tn GSM 900MHz v bng tn GSM 1800MHz

Ti s dng tn s

Ton b di tn pht cho mng GSM 900M ch c t 890MHz n 915MHz tc l c 25MHz, mi

knh chim mt khe tn s 200KHz => nh vy c khong 125 knh thoi c th s dng mt lc,
mi knh thoi c chia thnh 8 khe thi gian trong 1/8 thi gian ginh cho tn hiu iu khin,
7/8 khe thi gian cn li dnh cho 7 thu bao v nh vy tng s thu bao c th lin lc trong mt
thi im l 125 x 7 = 875.
875 thu bao c th lin lc ng thi trong mt thi im cho mt mng di ng, y l con s qu t
khng p ng c nhu cu s dng, v vy ti s dng tn s l phng php lm tng s thu
bao di ng c th lien lc trong mt thi im ln ti con s hng triu.
Phng php ti s dng tn s
- Ngi ta chia mt Thnh ph ra thnh nhiu hnh lc gic => gi l Cell, mi c mt trm BTS
thu pht tn hiu, cc khng lin nhau c th pht chung mt tn s ( nh hnh di th cc c
cng mu xanh hay mu vng c th pht chung tn s )
- Vi phng php trn ngi ta c th chia ton b gii tn ra lm 3 pht trn cc khng lin k
nh 3 mu di y, v nh vy mi c th phc v cho 875 / 3 = khong 290 thu bao .
- Trong mt Thnh ph c th c hng trm trm thu pht BTS v vy n c th phc v c hng
chc ngn thu bao c th lin lc trong cng mt thi im .

Thnh ph c chia thnh nhiu hnh lc

gic, mi c t mt trm thu pht BTS
Pht tn hiu trong mi
Tn hiu trong mi c pht theo mt trong hai phng php
- Pht ng hng
- Pht c hng theo gc 120o

Bi 2: Cc thnh phn ca mng in thoi di ng

Ni dung: Mng in thoi di ng GSM, My cm tay MS, ngha s IMEI, ngha s SIM, H
thng tng i, Knh m thoi v knh iu khin .
Mng in thoi di ng GSM

Mng in thoi di ng GSM

My cm tay MS ( Mobile Station )
Trong mi my di ng cm tay khi lin lc, nh qun l iu hnh mng s qun l theo hai m s.
- S SIM y l m nhn dng di ng thu bao Quc t, da vo m s ny m nh qun l c th
qun l c cc cuc gi cng nh cc dch v gia tng khc .
- S IMEI y l s nhn dng di ng Quc t, s ny c np vo b nh ROM khi in thoi
c xut xng, mi my in thoi c mt s IMEI duy nht, cc nc trn th gii - s IMEI
c cc nh cung cp dch v qun l, v vy nc ngoi nu mt in thoi di ng b nh cp
th chng cng th s dng c
- Vi cc cng ngh tin tin ngy nay, nu bn bt my in thoi ln, ngi ta c th bit bn ang
ng u chnh xc ti phm vi 10m2 l cng ngh nh v ton cu.

ngha s IMEI

 ngha s SIM

S thu bao IMSI

H thng tng i

Cc giao din v tuyn

Knh vt l v knh Logic
Knh vt l l knh tn s dng truyn ti thong tin. V d: Knh tn s 890MHz l knh vt l.
Knh logic l knh do knh vt l chia tch. Trong GSM, mt knh vt l c chia ra lm 8 knh
logic.

Mt knh Logic chim 1/8 khe thi gian ca knh vt l

Knh vt l l knh c tn s xc nh, c di thng 200KHz
Knh m thoi
Lu lng knh m thoi s c truyn i trn cc knh Logic, mi knh vt l c th h tr 7
knh m thoi v mt knh iu khin .
Knh iu khin
Mi knh vt l s dng 1/8 thi gian lm knh iu khin, knh iu khin s gi t i pht n
my thu cc thng tin iu khin ca tng i .

Bi 3: Cc cng ngh x l tn hiu

Ni dung: Cc k thut iu ch tn hiu, iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng, Thu tn hiu
ngt qung, Khi thu bao di chuyn .

Cc k thut iu ch tn hiu

K thut iu bin:

K thut iu bin lm thay i bin tn hiu theo tn hiu s

K thut iu tn

K thut iu tn lm thay i tn s tn hiu theo tn hiu s

K thut iu pha

K thut iu pha lm thay i pha tn hiu theo tn hiu s

Cng ngh di ng s dng k thut iu pha, y l k thut thng c s dng cho mch iu
ch s .
iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng .
V sao phi iu khin cng sut pht ca my di ng?
=> gim cng sut pht ca my di ng khi khng cn thit tit kim nng lng tiu th cho
pin.
=> Gim c nhiu cho cc knh tn s ln cn
=> Gim nh hng sc kho cho ngi s dng .

Khi ta bt ngun Mobile, knh thu s thu tn hiu qung b ca i pht, tn hiu thu c i chiu
vi d liu trong b nh SIM Mobile c th nhn ra mng ch ca mnh, sau Mobile s pht tn
hiu iu khin v i pht (khong 3-4 giy), tn hiu c thu qua cc trm BTS v c truyn v
tng i MSC, tng i s ghi li v tr ca Mobile vo trong Data Base.
Sau khi pht tn hiu iu khin v tng i, Mobile ca bn s chuyn sang ch ngh ( khng pht
tn hiu ) v sau khong 15 pht n mi pht tn hiu iu khin v tng i 1 ln.
Thu tn hiu ngt qung

i pht pht i cc tn hiu qung b nhng tn hiu ny cng pht xen k vi cc khong thi gian
ri v thi gian pht tin nhn.

Khi khng c cuc gi th in thoi s thu c tn hiu ngt qung cho in thoi gi c s
lin lc vi tng i.
Khi thu bao di chuyn gia cc ( Cell )
Khi bn ng trong Cell th nht, bn bt my v tng i thu c tn hiu tr li t ng t in
thoi ca bn => tng i s lu v tr ca bn trong Data Base.
Khi bn di chuyn sang mt Cell khc, nh tn hiu thu t knh qung b m in thoi ca bn hiu
rng tn hiu thu t trm BTS th nht ang yu dn v c mt tn hiu thu t mt trm BTS khc
ang mnh dn ln, n mt thi im nht nh, in thoi ca bn s t ng pht tn hiu iu
khin v i pht tng i ghi li v tr mi ca bn .
Khi c mt ai cm my gi cho bn, ban u n s pht i mt yu cu kt ni n tng i, tng
i s tm du vt thu bao ca bn trong c s d liu, nu tm thy n s cho kt ni n trm BTS
m bn ang ng pht tn hiu tm thu bao ca bn.
Khi tng i nhn c tn hiu tr li sn sng kt ni ( do my ca bn pht li t ng ) tng i
s iu khin cc trm BTS tm knh cn ri thit lp cuc gi => lc ny my ca bn mi c
rung v chung.

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