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The

Brain Implant Challenge from


Empirical to Engineering

Louis Scheffer
HowardHughesMedicalInstitute
JaneliaFarmResearchCampus

Abstract
Brainimplantshavehugepotential,longrecognizedinscienceandsciencefiction.Combinedwith
othertechnologies,theycanpotentiallyreplacefailingsensesandmusclesfortheill,enhance
memory,providenewmodesofcommunication,andothersupportotherpossibilitiesnotyet
imagined.However,thebrainimplantswecanbuildtodayareveryfarfromthispotential.Theyare
purelyempirical,anddependverylittleonhowthebrainactuallyworks.Almostuniversally,they
observesomeportionofthebrain,notingwhateverpatternsmayappear,andthenusethese
patternsasmeasurementsorcommands.Theresultingperformanceismuchworsethananun
impairedorganism,andisonlyacceptedbecausethealternativesareworse.Advancesarecoming
fromtwodirections,howeverbetterbraininterfacetechnology,andbetterunderstandingofhow
thebrainworks.Eventuallythesewillmeet,andbraininterfaceswillbeengineeredexplicitlyto
interactseamlesslywiththehumanbrain.Thisisaprojectofdecadesandnotjustyears,butthere
appeartobenofundamentalbarriersonthispath.InthistalkIwillcoversomeoftheworkbeing
doneonbothfronts,andwhatwecanexpectinthenearfuture.

Bio
LouSchefferisafellowattheJaneliaFarmResearchCampusoftheHowardHughesMedical
Institute.Hisresearchthereisonthestructureandfunctionofthenervoussystem,usingtheoptical
lobesofthefruitflyasamodelorganism.Beforethat,hespentabout30yearsinEDA,mostlywith
CadenceDesignSystems,andbeforethatwasachipdesigner.HismainoutsideinterestisinSETI,
thesearchforextraterrestrialintelligence.HegraduatedfromCaltechandStanford,andisthe
authoroftheusualbooks,papers,andpatents.

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