API 650 - Welded Steel Tanks For Oil Storage PDF

SLL Vs eral gg dl aE CONSULTING AND DESIGN ENGINEERING AZMI ABDUL HADI SeWNLE CDE s@eneest fo) — ve 3) ye oh ws Ss Head ote Teelan; (93) 898-6317tT! of ar Jo Welded Steel Tanks for pak Oil Storage . * s ts 4 Refining Department API STANDARD 650 EIGHTH EDITION, NOVEMBER 1988 saci frais Institute pSPECIAL NOTES 1. API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUM- STANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. 2. APIIS NOT UNDERTAKING TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFACTURERS, OR SUPPLIERS TO WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OFHERS EXPOSED, CON- CERNING HEALTH AND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR. OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. . mo 3. INFORMATION CONCERNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RISKS AND PROPER PRECAUTIONS WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR MATERIALS, AND CONDITIONS SHOULD BE OBTAINED FROM THE EMPLOYER, THE, MANUFACTURER OR SUPPLIER OF THAT MATERIAL, OR THE MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. 4 NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANUFACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COVERED BY LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABILITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETTERS PATENT. 5. GENERALLY, API STANDARDS ARE REVIEWED AND REVISED, REAFFIRMED, OR WITHDRAWN AT LEAST EVERY FIVE YEARS. SOMETIMES A ONE-TIME EXTENSION OF UP TO TWO YEARS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS REVIEW CYCLE. THIS PUBLICATION WILL NO LONGER BEIN EFFECT FIVE YEARS AFTER ITS PUBLICATION DATE AS AN OPERATIVE API STANDARD OR, WHERE ANEXTENSION HAS BEEN GRANTED, UPON REPUBLICATION. STATUS OF THE PUBLICATION CAN BE ASCERTAINED FROM THE API AUTHORING DEPARIMENT [TELEPHONE (202) 682-8000]. A CATALOG OF API PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIALS IS PUBLISHED ANNUALLY AND UPDATED QUARTERLY BY API, 1220 L STREET, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005, Copyright ©1988 Americas Peteoleum Insitute@ FOREWORD, This standard is based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of purchasers and manufacturers of welded steel oil storage tanks of various sizes and capacities for internal pressures not more than 2/4 pounds per square inch gauge. The object of this publication is to provide a purchase specification to facilitate the manufacture and procurement of storage tanks for the petroleum industry. If tanks are purchased in accordance with the specifications of this siandard, the purchaser is required to specify certain basic requirements. The purchaser may desire to modify, delete, or amplify sections of this standard, but reference shall not be made to this standard on the nameplate or manufacturer's certification for tanks that do not fulfill the minimum requirements or that exceed the limitations of this standard. It is strongly recommended that such modifications, deletions, ‘or amplifications be made by supplementing this standard, rather than by rewriting or incorporating sections of it into another complete standard The design rules given in this standard are minimum requirements. More. stringent design rules specified by the purchaser or furnished by the manufacturer areacceptable when mutually agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufacturer. This standard is not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any specific design, nor as limiting the method of design or construction. ‘This standard is not intended to cover storage tanks that are to be erected in areas subject to regulations more stringent than the specifications of this standard, When this standard is specified for such tanks, it should be followed ‘insofar as it does not conflict with local requirements. After revisions to this standard have been issued, they may be applied to tanks to be completed after the date of issue. The tank nameplate shall state the date Of the edition and any revision to that edition to which the tank is designed and constructed. Suggested rey Refining Department, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, ‘Washington, D.C. 20005. ns are invited and should be submitted to the director of the LW.CONTENTS: Page Suggestions for Ordering Tanks .... xii Related API Publications ...... av SECTION 1—SCOPE 1 General ‘ 1 1.2. Compliance eae sot SECTION 2 MATERIALS 21 General. a 22. Plates a 2.2.1 General ...+. +0. * a Sa 2.2.2. ASTM Standards 22 22.3 CSA Standards . 2 22.4 180 Standards... Do 22.5 National Standards... . 22.6 General Requirements for Delivery. Heat Treatment of Plates. Impact Testing of Plates . 229 Toughness Requirements... 2.2.10 Toughness Procedure saaipeteaeesy 23. Sheets. a Bice: 1S 2.4 Structural Shapes 2,5. Piping and Forgings 26 Flanges... 2.7 Botting 28 Welding Electrodes .- SECTION 3—DESIGN 3.1 Joints 1 Definitions » 3.1.2 Weld Size 3.1.3. Restrictions on Joints 3.1.4 Welding Symbols . 3.2. Design Considerations. .. 3.2.1 Design Factors. 3.2.2 External Loads 3.2.3. Protective Measures 33. Special Considerations .. 33.1. Foundation 3.3.2. Corrosion Allowances 33.3. Service Conditions 33.4 Weld Hardness 3.4 Bottom Plates . 3.5 Annular Bottom Plates . 3.6 Shell Design. 3.6.1 Geacral 3.6.2 Allowable Sires ‘ 3.63. Calculation of Thickness by the 1-Foot Method. Hea Calculation of Thickness by the Variable-Desiga-Point Method see 39 3.6.5 Calculation of Thickness by Elastic Analysis .....3.7. Shell Openings ... 37.1 General... 3.7.2 Reinforcement and Welding . 3.7.3. Spacing of Welds Around Connections . 3.7.4 Thermal Sires Relief. 3.7.5 Shell Mankoles ... 3.7.6 Shell Nozzles and Flanges 3.7.7. Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings 3.7.8 Flush-Type Shell Connections .... 3.8 Shell Attachments and Tank Appurienances 328.1 Shell Attachments 3.8.2 Bottom Connections. 3.8.3. Cover Piates. 3.8.4 Roof Manholes 3.8.5 Roof Nozzles 3.8.6 Water Drawoff Sumps . 3.87 Scaffold-Cable Support 3.8.8 Threaded Connections 3.8.9. Platforms, Walkways, and Stairways ...., 3.9 Top and Intermediate Wind 3.9.1 General 3.9.2. Types of Stiffening Rings 3.9.3. Restrictions on Stiffening Rings 3.9.4 Stiffening Rings as Walkways. 3.9.5 Supports for Stiffening Rings . 3.9.6 Top Wind Girder...... 3.9.7. Intermediate Wind Girders . BIO ROOFS... sess 3.10.1 Definitions 3.10.2 General .. 3.10.3 Allowable Stresses . 3.10.4 Supported Cone Roofs.. 3.10.5 Self-Supporting Cone Roofs... -- ese. 3.10.6 SelSupporting Dome and Umbrella Roofs... 3.10.7. Top-Angle Attachment for Self-Suprorting Roofs 3.11 Wind Load on Tanks (Overturning Stability) SECTION 4—FABRICATION 4.1, General. es 1 Workmanship Finish of Plate Edges. of Shell Plates. Shipping . Shop Inspection ......... SECTION 5—ERECTION 5. General 5.2 Details of Welding . 5.2.1 General... 5.2.2 Bottoms. 5.2.3 Shells. 3.2.4 Roofs...53. Inspection, Testing. and Repairs. 53.1 General 53.2 Inspection of Welds 53.3. Vacuum Testing .-.-- 5.3.4 Inspection of Tank Bottom Welds 53.5. Inspection of Reinforcement-Plate Welds 5.3.6 Testing of the Shell. 5.3.7 Testing of the Roof. 5A Repairs to Welds .. 5.5 Dimensional Tolerances -.... 1 General 5.2 Plumbness: 5.3 Roundness 4 Peaking... $ Banding. -6 Foundations ..-.- 3.5.7 Measurements ne SECTION 6—METHODS OF INSPECTING JOINTS 6.1 Radiographic Method .....-.--++ 1.1 Application... Sciacha 12 Number and Location of Radiographs «+. 1 1 3. Technique. 4 Submission of Radiographs... 15 Radiographic Standards .....+-++++r000 G16 Determination of Limits of Defective Welding 6.1.7. Repair of Defective Welds .- : 6.1.8 Record of Radiographic Examination... 6:2. Magnetic Particle Method. 63 Ultrasonic Method... 6.4 Liquid Penetrant Method 65 Visual Method... sepa SECTION 7—WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER QUALIFICATIONS Definitions - 2 Qualification of Welding Procedures . 7.2.1 General Requiremenis 722 Impact Tests 73° Qualification of Welders 7.4 Wentifcation of Welded Joints -~ SECTION 8—MARKING 8.1 Nameplates . a 12 APPENDIX A_OPTIONAL DESIGN BASIS FOR SMALL TANKS .-- APPENDIX B_RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FOUNDATIONS FOR VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL OIL STORAGE TANKS... APPENDIX C—EXTERNAL FLOATING ROOFS . APPENDIX D—TECHNICAL INQUIRIES. ««----+ ‘APPENDIX E—SEISMIC DESIGN OF STORAGE TANKS -APPENDIX F—DESIGN OF TANKS FOR SMALL INTERNAL. PRESSURES - APPENDIX G_{RESERVED] APPENDIX H—INTERNAL FLOATING ROOFS ..... APPENDIX I-|RESERVED) APPENDIX J-SHOP-ASSEMBLED STORAGE TANKS ..... APPENDIX K—EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF THE VARIABLE- DESIGN-POINT PROCEDURE TO DETERMINE SHELL-PLATE THICKNESSES ...........05 APPENDIX L—API STANDARD 650 STORAGE TANK DATA SHEETS .... sesame APPENDIX M—REQUIREMENTS FOR TANKS OPERATING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES . .. wavseee PA rescence: Jeb 2 Ml APPENDIX N—USE OF MATERIALS THAT ARE ON HAND BUT ARE NOT IDENTIFIED AS COMPLYING WITH ANY LISTED SPECIFICATION. 2 NA APPENDIX 0—-RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UNDER-BOTTOM CONNECTIONS... snaarsavsereseses OAL APPENDIX P—ALLOWABLE EXTERNAL LOADS ON TANK SHELL OPENINGS Tables 2-1—Acceptable Grades of Plate Mate Standards. ......2.0++ 1 Produced to National 1m Impact Test Requirements for Plates... 27 3-1—Annular Bottom-Plate Thicknesses a 3-2—Permissible Plate Materials and Allowable Stresses .. 3-3Thickness of Shell Manhole Cover Plate and Bolting Flange «..... 3-15 3-4—Dimensions for 20-Inch Shell Manhole 3-5—Dimensions for 24-Inch Shell Mankole 3-6—Dimensions for 30-Inch Shell Manhole .. 3-7—Dimensions for 36-Inch Shell Manhole 3-$_Dimensions fer Shell Nozzles ae }-9—Dimensions for Shell Nozzles: Pipe, Plate, and Welding Schedules. 3-10—Dimensions for Shell Nozzle Flanges. 3-11_Dimensions for Flush-Type Cleanout 3-12-Minimum Thickness of Cover Plate, Bolting Flange, and Bottom Reinforcing Plate for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings 3-13Thicknesses and Heights of Shell Reinforcing Piates for Flush: _Type Cieanout Fittings. 3.15_Dimensions for Roof Manholes 3:16 Dimensions for Flanged Roof Nozzles. 3-17—Dimensions for Threaded Roof Nozzles ... 3-18—Dimensions for Drawoff Sumps....-.+.++ 3-19-Requirements for Platforms and Walkways 3-20—Requirements for Stairways |—Rise, Run, and Angle Relationships for Stairways 2Section Moduli of Stiffening-Ring Sections on Tank Shells....... 3-41 ‘A-l—Typical Sizes and Corresponding Nominal Capacities for Tanks With 72-Inch Courses.‘A-2—Shell:Plate Thicknesses for Typical Sizes of Tanks With 7adnch Courses.-.+++0- 0-2 ; ‘Ac}—Typical Sizes and Corresponding Nominal Capacities for Tanks With 96-Inch Courses. . cenioeean AcdShell-Plate Thicknesses for Typical Sizes of Tanks With 96-Inch Courses.....-- ‘A-S—Flush-Type Bolted Door Sheets. ‘A-6—Raised-Type Bolted Door Sheets. |—Zone Coefficients...-- |Site Amplification Factors |—Design Stresses for Anchors of Tanks Wi 12¥ Pounds per Square Inch Gauge . ro \—-Maximam Roof Depths for Shop-Assembled Cone-Roof Tanks. K-I—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design Point Method Using 96-Inch Courses and an Allowable Siress of 23,000 Pounds per Square Inch for the Test Condition. ...s4+00, KG K.2_Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Design-Point Method Using 96-Inch Courses and an Allowable Stress of 30,000 Pounds per Square Inch for the Test Condit . - El ith Design Pressures to : Ka K-3—Shell-Plate Thicknesses Based on the Variable-Desigr- Method Using 96-Lnch Courses and an Allowable Stress of 34,300 Pounds per Square Inch fur the Test Condition KS M-I—Yield Strength Reduction Factors... egane, of Elasticity at the Maximum Operating Temperature... + 02 Design Temperature .-..++- Pl Figures 3-1—Minimum Permissible Design Metal Temperature for Plates Used in Tank Shells Without Impact Testing ..... 2S 2-2-Isothermal Lines of Lowest One-Day Mean ‘Temperatures. 26 3-1—Typical Vertical Shell Joints - ones x 32 3-2—Typical Horizontal Shell Joints . = 32 3.3A—Typical Roof ené Bottom Joints. i 33 Aethod for Preparing Lap-Welded Bottom Plates Under Tank Shell_.... 33 350—Detail of Double Fillet-Groove Weld for Annular Bottom Plates Thicker Than ¥4 Inch - 2 a 3-4A—Shell Manhole ..... 3.4B_Details of Shell Manholes and Nozzles. 3.5—Shell Nozzles... 3.6—Shell Nozzle Flenges - 3-7—Area Coefficient for Det 3.5Flush-Type Cleanout Fittiegs. 3.9_Flush-Type Cleanout-Fitting Supports... 3.10_Flush-Type Shell Connection: 3-11—Rotation of Shell Connection: 3-12—Roof Mankoles .-.- 3:13-Flanged Roof Nozzles. 3-14—Threaded Roof Nozzles 3-15—Drawoff Sump. 3-16—Scaffold Cable Support -3-17—Typical Stiffening-Ring Sections for Tank Shells. — 3-40 3.18_Stairway Opening Through Stiffening Ring aad 6-1—Radiographic Requirements for Tank Shells = 62 8-1—Nameplate .... serstasenee = . bl 8-2—Manufacturer's Certification Letier « 5 A-l—Flush-Type Bolted Door Sheet. a A6 ‘A2_Supports for Flush-Type Bolted Door Sheet - ae A3—Raised-Type Bolted Door Sheet. ae) B-l—Example of Foundation With Concrete Ringwall ... wee BS B-2—Example of Foundation With Crushed Stone Ringwall Ba El—Seismic Zones - F E2 E.2—Effective Masses. > Ed E-3Centroids of Seismic Forces EB E4—Factor keveesteeecess ES ES—Compressive Force b . + Eb F-1—Permissible Details of Compres: + Pel O-1—Example of Under-Bottom Connection With Concrete Ringwall Foundation . + 03 0.2—Example of Under: ith Concrete Ringwall Foundation and Improved Tank BottomvShell Support. . + 04 0:3—Example of Under-Bottom Connection With Earth-Type Foundation ... 0 P-l—Nomenclaiure for Piping Loads and Deformation P-2A—Siifiness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement on Shell (La = 1.0)... P-2BSiifiness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment Reinforcement on Shell (L2a = 1.0)....... Ps P-2C—Siif ness Coefficient for Circumferential Mom: Reinforcement on Shell (L2a = 1.0)....... P-2D—Stiffness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement on Shell (L/2a = 1.5)..... P-2E_Stifiness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment: Reinforcement on Shell (L2a = 1.5) ..... P-2F—Siifiness Coefficient for Circumferential Moment: Reinforcement on Shell (L2a = 1.5) +... P6 P-2G—Stiffaess Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (La = 1.0)... Pq P-2H_Stiffness Coefficient for Longitudinal Moment: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/2a = 1.0) ..2...seece0. PHT P-21— Stiffness Coefficient for Circumferential Momeni Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (22 = 1.9) apencess PB P.2)—Siifiness Coefficient for Radial Load: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (L/22 = 1.5)...... PS fness Coefficient for Longitudinal Mome Reinforcement in Nozele Neck Only (La = 1.5) P-2L_—Stiffness Coefficient for Circumfere: Moment: Reinforcement in Nozzle Neck Only (Li2a = 1.3) Po P-3A—Construction of Nomogram for bj, bs, Ci. ¢2 Boundary P-10 P-3B—Construction of Nomogram for by. ¢; Boundary... P10 P-t4—Obtaining Coefficients ¥p and Vy... : PAL P-4B_ Obtaining Coefficient Ye -...- z = PAD P-SA—Determination of Allowable Loads From Nomogram: Faand M,.- P-5B—Determination of Allowable Loads From Nomogram: Frand Me cece PAB P-6-—Low-Type Nozzle Wi sreement in Nozzle Neck Only (for Sample Problem) .. Pld PG P-1—Allowable-Load Nomograms for Sample FiSUGGESTIONS FOR ORDERING TANKS ‘The purchaser should state the following in the inquiry or purchase order: Specification ‘Number of tanks Nominal eapacity. in barrels Specific gravity of contents ‘Appurtenances (type. size, and ‘ocation) Design metal temperature Design pressure Painting requirements ‘Time of completion Erection location and facilities Tank grade details Special provisions (permits, fees) Wind velocity Maximum operating temperature Foundation type The purchaser’ may exercise.an option with respect 10 the following requirements: Diameter, in feet Height, in feet Plate specifications (bottom, shell, ‘and roof) Mill test reports Shop inspection Bottom test Shell test Roof test Magnetic particle it Ultrasonic inspection Liquid peneteant inspection Radiographic inspection Film ownership Bolting Botiom plates “Thickness, Size and arrangement Joint design and welding procedure Shell plates ‘Thickness Width and number of courses Alignment Top-angle orientation Wind girders Note: See aso Appendit L Corrosion allowance Bottom Shelt Roof Structural members Roof plates Thickness Slope Frangible roof Roof supports Roof live load and its distribution Appurtenances ‘Shell manhole design Sheil nozzle design ‘Cleanout fitting support Nozzle external toad Drawoff sump éesign Roof nozzle Range design Stairways, platforms, and walkways Freight and hauling Earthquake provisionsRELATED API PUBLICATIONS Specification 128, Specification for Bolted Tonks for Storage of Production Liquids, covers material, design. and erection requirements for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, bolted steel tanks with nominal capacities of 100- 10,000 barrels (in stani dard sizes) for production service. It also contains appurtenance requirements. Specification 12D, Specifcation for Field- Welded Tanks for Storage of Production Liquids, covers material. design, fabrication. and erection requirements for ‘Vertical, cylindrical, aboveground, welded steel tanks with nominal éapacities fof 500-10,000 barrels (in standard sizes) for production service. Specification 12F, Specification for Shop-Welded Tanks for Storage of Production ‘Liquids, covers material, design, and construction requirements for vertical, ‘cplindrical, aboveground, shop-welded steel tanks with nominal capacities of ‘90-500 barrels (in standard sizes) for production service, Standard 620, Recommended Ruiles for Design ond Construction of Large. Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks, covers the design and construction of large, welded, field-assembled storage tanks used for petroleum intermediates ‘and finished products and operated at gas pressures exceeding those permissible under Standard 650 but aot exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gauge. Standard 2090, Venting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks (Nonre- frigerated ond Refrigerated), covers normal and emergency venting require, ‘nents for aboveground liquid petroleum storage tanks and aboveground and tndergound efrigersted storage tanks designed for operation at pressures from 0.5 ounce per square inch vacuum through 15 pounds per square inch pauRe Recommended Practice 2001, Fire Protection ix Refineries. provides a thorough ‘understanding of fire-protection problems aad the steps necessary to ensure the safe storage, handling, processing, and shipping of petroleum and petroleum products in refineries. Recommended Practice 2003, Protection Against Ignitions Arising out of Static, Lightning, and Siray Currents, describes some of the conditions that have requlted in oll fires ignited by electrical sparks and arcs from natural causes, toe wall a5 the methods used to prevent ignition from these sources. Publication 2009, Safe Practices in Gas and Electric Cutting and Welding in "Refineries, Gasoline Plants, Cycling Plants, and Petrochemical Plants, suggests precautions for the protection of persons from injury and for the protection of property from domege by fire that might arise during the operation of gas and reeirc cutting and welding equipment in and around petroleum operations. Publication 2015, Cleaning Petroleum Storage Tanks. ct covers safe practices in the cleaning of nonrefrigerated atmospheric and pressurized petroleum storage tanks, including the use of s ‘ble equipment and protective clothing, use of propercleaning methods, elimination of potcatial ignition hazards, and provision of a means of emergency exit. Publication 2019A, A Guide for Controlling the Lead Hazard Associated with Tank Eniry and Cleaning, is a supplement to Publication 2015. Publication 2015B, Cleaning OperTop and Covered Floating-Roof Tanks. is 8 supplement to Publication 2015.Poblication 2021, Guide for Fighting Fires In and Around Petroleum Storage Tanks, is designed as a puide to train employees to successfully attack and fight petroteum tank fires, Publication 2023, Guide for Safe Storage and Handling of Heated Petrolenm- Derived Asphalt Products and Crude Oil Residua, serves as a guide to precautions to bs followed by personnel for the storage and handling of asphalt Products stored in heated tanks. Publication 2517, Evaporation Loss from External Flocting-Roof Tanks, provides a method of estimating total evaporative losses from volatile stocks stored in external floating-roof storage tanks, along with a description of toofs and seals and details of loss analysis Standard 2550 (ANSVASTM D 1220), Measurement and Calibration of Upright Colindrical Tanks, covers procedures for calibrating upright cylindrical tarks larger than a barrel or drum, including procedures for determining total and incremental tank volumes. Standard 2555(ANSUASTM D 1406), Liquid Calibration of Tanks, covers standard Procedures for calibrating tanks or portions of tanks larger than a barrel or drum by introducing or withdrawing measured quantities of liquid. Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment, Chapter XIMl, “Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks." covers the inspection of almospheric storage tanks designed for operation at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 pound per square inch gauge and inspection of low-pressure storage tanks designed for operation at pressures above 0.5 pound per square inch gauge but not exceeding 15 pounds per square inch gauge.Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage SECTION 1—SCOPE 44 4,44 This standard covers material, design, fabri: cation, erection, and testing requirements for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground. closed- and open-top, welded steel storage tanks in various sizes and capacities for internal pressures approximating atmospheric pressure (intemal pressure not exceeding the weight of the roof plates), except that a higher internal pressure is per mitted when the additional requirements of Appendix F are met. This standard covers only tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported and only tanks in nonrefrigerated service that have a maximum operating temperature of 200°F (see 1.1.12). Ad This standard is designed to provide the petro- jeu industry with tanks of adequate safety and reasonable economy for use in the storage of petroleum and its products and other liquid products commonly handled and stored by the various branches of the industry. This standard does not present of establish fa fixed series of allowable tank sizes; instead, it is intended to permit selection by the purchaser of whatever size tank may best meet his needs. This standard is for the convenience of purchasers and manufacturers in ordering, fabricating, and erecting tanks and is not intended to prohibit purchasers and manufacturers from purchasing or fabricating tanks thet mect specifications other than those contained in this standard. General 14.3 Appendix A provides for ai alternative (and simplified) tank in which the stressed compan: such as shell plates and reinforcing pletes, are limited toa maximum of ¥ inch nominal thickness, including any corrosion allowance, and to the minimum design metal temperatures stated in the appendix. 41.4 Appendix B contains recommendations for the design and construction of foundations under fist- bottom oil storage tanks. 44.5 Appendixes C and H present rules for special types of roofs for storage tanks. Appendix C provides requirements for pan-lype, pontoon-type. and double~ deck-type external floating roofs. Appendix H provides requirements for an internal floating roof in a tank that tras a fixed roof at the top of the tank shell. 4.4.6 Appendix D provides a format for the preparation and submission of technical inquiries regarding this standard to the director of the API Refining Department. 1.7 Appendix E provides a recommended practice for the design of storage tanks subjected 10 seismic load when seismic design is specified by the purchaser. 1.1.8 Appendix F covers additional requirements for the design of tanks subject to a small internal pressure, 1.1.9. Appendix J presents requirements covering the complete shop assembly of tanks not more than 20 feet in diameter. 4.1.10 Appendix K provides an example of the application of the variable-design-point method to derer- mine shell-plate thicknesses. 1.1.11 Appendix L provides data sheets to be used by the purchaser in ordering a storage tank and by the manufacturer upon completion of construction, 1.4.42. This standard applies to tanks witha maximum operating temperature of 200°F. When the require. ments of Appendix M are fulfilled, a maximum operating temperature of 500°F is permitted. 44.43 Appendix N presents conditions for the use of materials that are on hand but are not completely identified by this standard as complying with any listed spectiication. 4.4.14 Appendix O contains basic recommendations for the desi “onstruction of under nections for storege tanks. AAAS. Appendix P-presents recommended basic requirements for the design of storage tank openings that conform to Table 3-8 end will be subjected to extemal piping loads. 1.2 Compliance ‘The manufecturer is responsible for complying with all the provisions of this standard. The purchaser may. make any investigation necessary to satisty himself of compliance by the manufacturer, and he may reject any material that does nat comply with this standard.12 APISti0150 650 {tis urged that the purchaser avail himself ofthis tight the details of shoy and furnish his own inspection independent of any Supervisory inspection furnished by the manufactures, ‘The purchaser's inspecior should closely follow ail of (esting that affect the completed structure. 3? fabrication, field construction, and integrity and safety of the¢ e SECTION 2—MATERIALS 2.1 General 24.4 Materials used in theconstruction of tanks shall conform to the latest edition of one of the specifications listed in the following paragraphs. subject to the modifications an tions indicated in this standard. Material produced to specifications other than those listed in Section 2 may be employed, provided that the material is certified to meet all the requirements of & material specification listed in this standard and the material's use is approved by the purchaser. The manufacturer shall state in his proposal the material specifications he intends to use. 2.1.2 When any plate materials or tubular products (on hand cannot be completely identified by records satisfactory to the purchaser #s conforming to a specification listed in this standard. the material or product may be used in the construction of tanks covered by this standard only if the material passes the tests prescribed in Appendix N, 2.2 Plates 2.24 GENERAL 224A Exceptasothenvise provided forin?.1, plates shall couform to the latest edition of one of the specifications referred to in2.2.2 through 2.2.5, subject to the modifications and limitations indicated in this standard, including Figure 2-1. 2.2.1.2 Plate for shells, roofs, and bottoms may be ordered on an edge-thickness basis or on 2 weight (pounds per square fat) basis, as specified in 2.2.1.2.1 through 2.2.1.2.3. 224.21 The edge thickness ordered shall not be less than the computed design thickness er the minimum permitted thickness 22.1.2.2 The weight ordered shall be great enough toprovide an edge thicknessnot lessthanthe computed design thickness or the minimum permitted thickness. 2.2.1.23 Whetheranedge-thicknessora weight basis is used, an underrun not more than 0.01 inch from the computed design thickness of the minimum permitted thickness is acceptable. 221.3 All plates shall be manufactured by the open- hearth, electric-furnace, or basic oxygen prosess only. Copper-bearing steel shall be used if specified by the purchaser. at 2.2.14 Shell plates are limited to 2 maximum thick. ness of 1.75 inches unless a lesser thickness is stated this standard or in the plate specification, Plates used as inserts or flanges may be thicker than 1.75 inches. Plates thicker than 1.5 inches shall be normalized or quench tempered, killed. made to fine-grain practice, and impact tested. 22.2 ASTM STANDARDS The following standards can be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103: A36 Structural Sieel : ‘Thickness less than or equal to 1.5 inches. None of the specifications for the appurtenant materials listed in Table 1 of ASTM A 36 are deemed acceptable for tanks constructed under this standard unless expressly stated in this standard. Structural Steel for Ships ABI Grade A, thickness less than or equal to 0.5 inch. ’ Grade B, thickness less than or equal to 1.0 inch. Grade CS, thickness less than or equal to 1.5 inches (insert plates and flanges to 2 inches) Grade EH36, thickness less than or equal to 175 inches (insert plates and flanges to 2 inches). Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength ban Steet Plates, Shepes, and Bars Grade C, thickness less than oF equal to 1.0 inch. Car- A285 Pressure Vessel Flates, Carbon Steel, Low and Intermediate Tensile Strength Grade C, thickness less than or equal to 1.0 inch A442 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Im- proved Transition Properties Grades $5 an¢ 62, thickness less than or equal to 1.5 inches. ASi6 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Ste Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Se Grades $5, 60, 65, and 70, thickness less than oF equal to 1.5 inches (insert plates and flanges 04 inches),22 ASI Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-Treated, Cam hon-Mangenese-Silicon Steel iass 1, thickness less than or equal to 1.75 inches (insert plates to 4 inches) Ciass 2. thickness less than or equal to 1.75 inches (insert plates to 4 inches) ASTI Siructural Carbon Steel Plates of Improved Toughaess Grades 58, 65, and 70, thickness less than or equal to 1.5 inches. A633, Normalized High-Strength, Low-Alloy Strve tural Steel Grades C and D, thickness less than or equal {0 1.75 inches (insert plates to 4 inches). A662 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon-Manganese, for Moderate and Lower Temperature Service Graces B and C. thickress less than oF equal 1015 inches A 618 Quenched and Tempered Carbon Sieel Plates C for Strucuural Applications Boron additions not permitted. Grade A, thickness less than or equal to 1.5 inches (insert plates 10 2.8 inches) Grade B, thickness less than or equal to 1.75 inches (insert plates to 2.5 inches). ABT Pressure Vessel Plates, High-Strength, Low: Alloy Steet Grade B, thickness less than of eqial to 1.5 inches. “223 CSA STANDARDS ‘The following Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Publication can be obtained from the American Na- tional Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018: G40.21-MB81_ Structural Quality Steet € Elements added for grain refining or strengthening shall be restticied in accordance with Table 2-2. Plates shall have @ tensile strength not more than 20 ksi above the minimum specified for the grade. The W grades may be semitilled or fully Killed. Fully killed steel made to fine-grain practice must be specified when required. If impact tesis are required, the grades are designated 260WT, 300WT, and 350WT, Grade 260W, semikilled, thickness less than or equal to 1.00 inch. Grades 260W and 300, fully killed and made to fine-grain practice, thickness less than or equal to 1.50 inches. API Stance 659 Grade 3S0W. fully killed and made to fine-grain practice, thickness less than oF equal to 1.75 inches (insert plates to 2.00 inches), 2.24 ISO STANDARDS ‘The following International Organization for Stand ‘rdization (ISO) publication can be obtained from ihe American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broad. way, New York, New York 10018: 630 Structural Steels Nontimming only Grades Fe 42 and Fe 44; Qualities B,C, and Ds thickness less than or equal to 1.5 inches; man- Banese content less than or equal to 1.50 percent (heat). Grade Fe 52. Qualities C and D, thickness less than or equal to 1.75 inches (insert plates to 2.00 inches). 225 NATIONAL STANDARDS Plates produced and tested in accordance with the Fequirements of 2 recognized national standard and within the mechanical and chemical limitations of one Of the grades listed in Teble 2-1 are acceptable when approved by the purchaser. The requirements of this group do not apply to the ASTM, CSA, and ISO siendards listed in 2.2.2, 2.2.3, and 2.2.4. For the Purposes of this stendard, a national standard is a Standard that has official or quasi-official sanction of the government of the country in which it originates. 22.5 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DELIVERY 22.6.1 The material furnished shall conform to the applicable requirements of the latest edition of the listed specifications but is not restricted with respect to locality of manufacture. s intended for fusion welding ie technique is of fundamental importance, and welding procedures must provide welds whose strength and toughness are consistent with the plate material Joined. All welding performed for the repair of surface defects shall be done with low-hydrozen welding electrodes compatible in chemistry, strength. and quality with the plate material 22.6.3 When specified by the plate purchaser. the steel shall be fully killed. When specified by the plate purchaser. fully killed steel shall be made to fife-grain practice.winego Sreet Taues soe Ox Stomse 2.2.6.4 For plate made to specifications that specify a maximum manganese content of less than 1.60 frareent, the limit may be increased to 1.60 percent (heat) at the option of the plate producer to maintain the required strength level, provided the maximum carbon content is reduced to 0.20 percent (heat) and the weldabiliy of the plates is given consideration. ‘The material shall be marked “ ‘Mod” following the specification listing. The material shall conform to the product analysis tolerances of Table B in ASTM A 6. 2.2.6.5 Theuse or presence ofcolumbium, vanadium, rritrogen, copper, nickel, chromium, or molybdenum shall not exceed the limitations of Table 2-2 for the following materials: all Group VI (see Table 2-3), CSA G40.21-M81, Grade 350W; and ISO 630, Grade Fe 52. 2.2.7 HEAT TREATMENT OF PLATES 2.2.7.1 When specified by the plate purchaser, fully kciled plates shall be heat treated to produce grain tefinement by either normatizing or heating uniformly for hot forming. If the requited treatment is to be obtained in conjunction with hot forming, the temperature to which the plates are heated for hot forming hall be equivalent to and shall not significantly exceed the normalizing temperature. If the treatment of the platesis not specified tobe done at the plate producer's plant, the testing shall be carried out in accordance with 2.2.7.2 Table 2-1—Acceptable Grades of Plate Materiel Produced to Nationel Standards (2.2.5) ‘Mechanical Properties! Feat Sreesth Min ‘Viel _Mininun_ Maximum Sirengilt Grader anne ist ts) a ar) B a 4 BOS 3 a 4 @ 8 3 Chemical Composition Maximum Percent Carbon Gace Hest__—_‘Predust Hex Product a 1 om 085 008 al 03 027 005 008 6 03 028 0.95 608 Tpeaiionand ou softest specimens. elangsto and scucptance enters are to be in accordance ‘tional standard, 1SO standard. or ASTM specification. SSomtited or fully Killed quality, as rolls, eonroled rotted (0.75 inch maximum), of normaticed. cies stiength = tensile srengtt = 0273. 4 Nanvinvmieg only. 23 Table 2-2—Maximum Permissible Alley Content oe ee ee Fat Analysis Alloy percent) Countian 0.05 Vanatium ou0 Cotumbium (50.05 percent) ‘plus vanadiam 010 hrogea plus vanadin oats rer 03s Niel 50 Chremniam 025 ‘Molybdenum 008, x yen rot included inthe mate pecifenton. the ute ofthese tiigys- or combinations of thers. hall be a the option ofthe pate Froubcer subject to he aporoalof the purchase. These elements hal be eeported when requested by the purchaser. BMOa prodaet acta, he materia] mall convorm wo vheae degeltements, subject W the product analysis tokranees of the specication Phen Colum is added citer singly or in combaston with Yacadums Haha be eestcted t plates of 0.0 ich, macimum ‘hisiner, unless combined wih 0.13 pereent minim sicon. P Ween strgea (SO0TS pecen) is added as a suppirmeth 19 vanadium, i Sallbe repore, aed the minimum ratio of vanaciur {o mitogea shall be 4 2.2.7.2 When a plate purchaser elects to perform the required normalizing of fabricates by hot forming (see 22.1.1), the plates shall be accepted on the basis of mill tests made on full-thickness specimens hest treated jn accordance with the plate purchaser's order, If the heat treatment temperatures are not indicated on the purchase order, the specimens shall be heat treated. funder conditions considered appropriate for grain re finement and for meeting the test requirements. The late producer shall inform the plate purchaser of the procedure followed in treating the specimens at the steal mi z 2.2.73 On the purchase order, the plais purchaser shall indicate to the plate producer wheiher the pre ducer shall perform the beat treatment of the plates, 2.2.7.4 Subject to the approval of the purchaser, controlled-rolled plates (plates preduced by a mechan ical-thermal rolling process designed to enhance the notch toughness) may be used where normalized plates are required. Each controlied-rolled plate shall receive Charpy V-notch impact energy testing in accordance with 228, 22.9, and 2.2.10. When controlled-rolled steels are used, due consideration should be given 10 the service conditions outlined in 3.3.3. 227.5 The tensile and impact tests, if any, shall be performed on each plate as heat treated.24 228 IMPACT TESTING OF PLATES 2.2.8.1 When required by the purchaseror by 2, and 2.2.9, a set of Charpy V-notch impact specimens shall be taken from plates after hest treatment, if any. and shall fulfll the stated energy requirements. Test coupons shail be obtained adjacent to a tension test coupon. Full-size impact specimens shall have their Central axis as close to the plane of one-quarter plate thickness a5 the plate thickness will permit. 22.8.2 When it is necessary 10 prepare test speci mens from separatt coupons, or when plates are furnished by the plate manufacturer in a hot-rolled condition with subsequent heat treatment by. the fab. ricator, the procedure shall conform to ASTM A 20. 2.2.8.3 An impact test shall be performed on three specimens taken from a single test coupon or test location. The average value of the specimens (with no more than one specimen value being less than the specified minimum value) shall comply with the spec- ifled minimum value, If more than one value is less than the specified minimum value, of if one value is less than two-thirds the specified minimum value, three additional specimens shall be tested, each of which must have a value greater than or equal to the specified minimum value. 2.2.8.4 The test specimens shell be Charpy V-notch ‘Type A (ASTM A 370), with the notch perpendicular to the surface of the plate being tested. 2.2.8.8 For plates whose thickness is insufficient to permit preparation of full-size specimens (10 millimeters x 10 millimeters), tests shall be made on the largest subsize specimens that can be prepared from the plate. Subsize specimens shall have a the notch of at least 80 percent of *h- ma th slong I thick: Ooz26 ‘The impact energy values obtained onsubsize Specimens shall not be less then values that are Proportional to the enerey values required for full- size specimens of the same material. 2.287 The testing apparatus, including the calibra tion of impact machines and the permissible variations in the temperature of specimens, shall conform to ASTM A 370, excep! that equivalent testing apparatus conforming to national or ISO standards is acceptable 2.2.9 TOUGHNESS REQUIREMENTS 2.2.9.1 The thickness and design metal temperature Of ail shell plates, shell reinforcing plates, shell insert plates, bottom plates welded to the shell, plates used for shell manhole and nozale necks, and plate-ring API Stascans 629) shell-nozale Ranges shall be in accordance with Figure 21. In addition, plates over 1.5 inches shall be killed steel made to fine-grain practice and heat treated by pormalizing, normalizing and tempering. or quenching ang tempering and shall be impact tested according to 22.102, 22.9.2 Plates 1.5 inches and tess in thickness, encept controlled-rolled plates (see 2.2.7.4), may be used at or above the design metal temperatures indicated in Figure 2-1 without impact testing. For design metal temperatures lower than those minimums, the material shall demonstrate adequate notch toughness in. ac- sordance with 2.2.10.3 unless 2.2:10.2 or 2.2.10.4 is specified by the purchaser. 2.29.3 Unless experience or special local conditions Justify another assumption. the design metal temper- ‘lure shall be assumed to be 15°F above the lowest one-day mean ambient temperature in the locality where the tank is to be installed, Isothermal lines of fowest one-day mean temperatures are shown in Figure 2-2. The temperatures are not related to refrigerated. tank temperatures (see 1.1.1) 2.2.9.4 Plate used to reinforce shell openings shall be of the same material as the shell plate to which it is attached, except that insert plates thicker than the shell plates shall be of any appropriate meterial listed in Table 2-3 and Figure 2-1 but of equal or greater sirengthand compatible with the adjacent shell material (see 37.2.2, Item e), 2295 The requirements of 2.2.9.4 apply only to shell nozzles and manholes. Materials for roof nozzles and manholes do not require special toughness. 2240 TOUGHNES 22104 When 2 material's toughness must be determined, it shall be done by one of the procedures described in 2.2.10.2 through 2.2,10.¢, as specified in 2.29. 224102 Each plate as rolled shall be impact tested in azcordance with 2.2.8 at or below the design metal temperature to show Charpy V-noich longitudinal (or transverse) values tha! fulfil the minimum require ments of Table 2-4 (see 2.2.8 for the minimum values for one specimen and for subsize specimens). As used here, the term plate as. rolled refers to the unit plate rolled from 2 slab or directly from an ingot in its relation to the location and number of specimens, not 10 the condition of the plate. 22403 The thickest plate from each heat shall be pact tested in accordance with 2.2.8 and shall fulfil. Wevoes Sree, Tans FoR Oe Sromuce 60 10 10 ‘Design metal temperature (°F) 20 @ |. Group A ~40 eee 80 50 ~ 025 0 075 10 125 750 ‘Pe thickness, including conesion lowance (riches) Noes 1 See Table 23 for the matesiats in each group 2, This figure is not applicable to cantlled called plaias (see 227.1, Figure 2-1—Minimum Permissible Design Metal Temperature for Plates Used in Tank Shells Without Impact Testing @)_ Wimractrequtementsof22.102atihe designers! 2.4 Structural Shapes - “Tempceinre., Structural shapes shall be opemhearth, clectric- 2.2.10.4 ‘The manufacturer shall submit to the pur- furnace, or basic oxygen process and shall conform to chaser test data for plates of this materiel demonstrat- the latest edition of one of the specifications listed ing that based on past production from the seme mi below. Copper-bearing steel shall be used if specified the material has provided the required toughness at on the purchase order. the design metal temperature ASTM 2.3 Sheets A36 Structural Steet Sheets for fixed and floating roofs shall conform to AL Structural Steel for Ships the latest edition of ASTM A 570, Grade 33, open hearth or basic oxygen process. Copper-bearing steel CSA shall be used if specified on the purchase order. Sheets G40.21-M81 Structural Quality Steels may be ordered on either a weight or a thickness basis, Grades 260, 300W, 350W, 260WT, at the option of the tank manufacturer. S00WT, and 350WT =Temperatures. Weioen Sten Tans oa Oy Stomage 27 ‘Table 23—Material Groups (See Figuie 2-1 and Note 1 Below) Group Group Group IIA Group 1 As Rolled As Rolled. Killed Normalized, As Rolled, Seritilled Killer cr Semikilled Fine-Grain Practice Fine Materia Noes Matetal Notes Marea Neves Maerat ABC z aie 7 ASS mies Am C 2 a 26 Astes AST338 10 ADA 3 Kanss Ant635 0 A36 23 Aso oA N6e wo Fee 4 C1021 260 Fed 49 Gauwwv "19 Gade 37 33 Fac 4 Grade &) 38 Fegan 49.10 Grade 4 é Grate 41 38 Grade st 5.9.10 Group VE Normalized or uenched and Tempered Group iv ‘Group IVA Gio V Killed ‘As Rolled, Kites As Rolled, Killed oral’. Kited Fine-Grais Practice Fine-Grain Practice Fine-G Fine Grain Practice Retuced Carbon ‘Nateriat Notes Matera Mureral Notes Material Nove A ons Asa 10 ANI ER 36 Ag30 eM ied iv Asie A 40213 ASH X ASID Asie Gw2sew tit Ginriiow 5,0 ASST i Gw2sOW 0 ASTI Georsow 9 AoA Gorssw 9 Ame Fe@BcD 49 AmB Fe2. D 9 Grace 59 Ros 1. All specification numbers refer to ASTM specifications, except for G40 21, which isa Canadian Standards Assocation specification, Fe 42. Fe 44. and Fe $2, which ate contained in 50630; ond Grade 37, Grade 41, and Grade 44, which refer to national standards 2.'Must be semiklled or bled 3. Tickness = 0.50 ach. 4. Maximum manganese content of 1.5 percent. 5. Thickness = 0.15 inch when controled rales 6. Manganese content shal be 0.80-1.20 percent by heat analysis {forall thickness. 7, Thickness 3 1 inch. © atu be tiled. 8. Most be Ulled and fire-arain practice 10, Mast be eormalized UL. Must have chemistry (heat) notified to a maximum carbon content of 0.20 percent and a maximum manganese content of 1.60 percent (see 226.4), ‘Table 2-4—Minimum Impact Test Requirements for Plates (See Note) rage Tnpacl Value ‘of Thiee Specimens eoepounds) Plate Material and Thickness (iin Inches Longhudinal Transverse ‘Group 1, I TA 1 wanimum thickeestesin 2.22 through 2.25 re B Groups IV. IVA, V, VI (excep! quenched and tempered) reis » nm 1S manhole: «2 (rerease as necessary lorelearenes) ae founded — Marmol 1 oer eb ke fe (ee0Note 4 ‘Note 4) Seenotes Note =| ka Scot? Ned Detab deiate 4S. The site of the weld stall equal the thickness of the tRinner ember joined, 6. The shell nozzies shows in Figure 3-5 may be substituted for atholes 20 inches in dameter aad larger. 7, Whentheshel nozzles shown in Figute 35 areused, the misimum totedine heights above the tank ottom given in Table 38 are seceptable.. 4. Indicated welds my be shop of field weld Figure 3-4A—Shell ManholeAPI Stanoat0 650 an. SarzzpH pur sajoqueyy aus Jo sieieg—aP-€ omnis mam may s0 days 24 heu spr poweipal “suoqpranuc> Fuoco W ppBH Jo “spsoysind 9 a 0} poostej moys ato aay Aten Sets sonog Supiom jo 80d“ “ore none SEL PO VE 2p unig ui andl 040 se ues ati ase unoyS Jou ae Ea) $32 TL 0 wseue> PAL "VE9 PAEPBEIS LAV JO +E sands wy UnoNs ave sy ugh 993} 94 ‘S3TZZON GNY S310HNYH UOd NBWOMOSNIH 3dAL~LUASNI . <= 2 f leg NL... buon ¥ Se : 8 2 zzvpeo) 3 8 é | —Sastopey uni9g 3 oe, Sag Wee — Saat. & (aw) \° (errunyaeu 0 a10Ky 89g) | le st) A tarat 9) << | P Foes EE eeoneT a UIP a ‘ se u $ gs “Y koa ES ie [, Vmrnaonenons’ Sai 5 SP rer or mer gros monet) Wen ne same bee) aWZON ‘FTZZON HO STOHNVH - “ouvir - - ~ 4 lysine A yened 4 tian (unwpeew, 240) (usnwye0 241) peti ze ae > pom 0 pun i shenienitiotha [Fat = stm feta on fiz tebe 3 aote Wy (6 ages 095) ead a Poee = ‘a _ ad ce gee Hs S882 om Fos v aate so 3 bees ( ; geeks Pe a 3 BRS ag 3532 (6-¢ puv a-e Sajaet 905) sea 25 & 2 3 2 g ie uu au punks a a 33 e 2 38s s02109p 04 nage ben ° 2 é EE 2 353: Lowrurs, “pot 5 as S SS — 3 @ @. Wexoeo Stee Tans £08 Oa Srosice sas Table 3-3—Thickness of Shell Manhole Cover Plate and Bolting Flange (Inches) Colima Colin? _Colann3 _Gauand Gounas Coun CoumaT Colimw8 Calunnd Gama , : Minimum Thickness of Boing Fase Maximim Equivalent sand ¢ alse ui Minimum Thicket of Cover Fate ‘Afr Fishing Heat (pounds per inch — MAM Us : ¢ m 32 FM m : ‘ A BM mM : - m™m 3 Ww : x 2s n 1% . By ay 1% 2 les Mm : : : 19 is ' : ‘ ‘ 16 by Roo : . : We tO 8 % 3 . i 1 n me oF 8 % : . ‘ Mm 9 6 m 8 9 me TS 6 4 % . ‘ ub mM om 4 x : 5 ‘ My mh mM 4 % . . ‘Note: See Figure 36. The facing dimensions for slip-on and wetdi > 1% thvough 20 inches and size 2 inches are denies tothose spesiied in ANSI B16. for Class 110 tee! Manges ‘The facing dimensions for anges in sizes 30,36, 49 and &8 inches are in agreement with ANSI BI6.| for Class 128 cast iron Manges ‘The dimensions for large Ranges may coafortnto ANSUAFI Standard es. 5, = inside diameter of pipe ME = outs diameter of pipe + 2a £, = outside diameter of pipe.324 9.7.7 FLUSH-TYPE CLEANOUT FITTINGS 3.7.7.1 Flush-type cleanout fittings shall conform to the requirements of 3.7.7.2 through 3.7.7.12 and to the details and dimensions shown in Figures 3-8 and 3.9 ‘and Tables 3-1! through 3-13. When sizes intermediate to those given in Tables 3-11 through 3-13 are specified by the purchaser, the construction details and rein. forcements shall conform to the next larger opening listed in the tables, The size of the opening or tank connection shall not be larger than the maximum size given in the appropriate table. 3.7.7.2. The opening shall be rectangular, except that the upper corners of the opening shall have a radius equal to one-half the greatest height of the clear ‘opening. When the shell material is Group 1. 1, 111, or IIIA, the width or height of the clear opening shall fot exceed 48 inches; when the shell material is Group IV, IVA, V, or VI, the height shall not exceed 36 inches. 37.7.3 The reinforced opening shall be completely Preassembled into a shell plate, and the completed Unit, including the shell plate at the cleanout fitting, shall be thermally stress relieved as described in 3.7.4 (regardless of the material thickness or strength). 3.7.7.4 The cross-sectional area of the reinforcement over the top of the opening shall be calculated as follows: a2 St cross-sectional area of the reinforcementover the top of the opening, in square inches. area coefficient. from Figure +7 vertical height of clear opening. in inches. API Stincean 650 1 = calculated thickness of the lowest shell course, in inches, required by the formulas of 3.6.3, 3.6.4, or A.4.1 but exclusive of any corrosion allowance, 3.7.75 The thickness of the shell plate in the clean: ‘out-opening assembly shall be at least ‘Aeinch, but no more than ‘4 inch, greater than the thickness of the adjacent plates in the lowest shell course or shall Sonform to Table 3-13 (except for the 8-x-I6-inch ‘pening, which may be the same thickness) ‘The thickness of the shell reinforcing plate and the neck plate shall be the same as that of the shell plate in the cleanout-opening assembly. The reinforcement in the plan of the shell shall be Provided within a height L above the botiom of the opening, L shall not exceed 1.5h, except that L — h shall not be Jess than 6 inches in the case of small ‘openings. Where this exception results in an J that is greater than 15h, only the portion of the reinforcement that is within a height of 1.5% shall be considered effective, The reinforcement required may be provided by any one or any combination of the following: a. The shell reinforcing plate. b. Any thickness of the shell plate in the cleanout door assembly greater than the thickness of the Adjacent plates in the lowest shell course. © The portion of the neck plate Raving a length equal to the thickness of the reinforcing plate, 3.7.7.6 The minimum width of the tank-bottom rein: forcing plate at the centerline of the opening shall be 10 inches plus the combined thickness of the shell plate in the cleanout-opening assembly and the shell reinforcing plats. The minimum thickness of the bottom reinforcing plate shall be deic the following equation: ‘Tabla 8-11Dimensions for Flsh-Type Cleerout Fittings (Iiches) Column Column? Colunn3 “Counn# Couans Colina é _Cohima? Coumat Cone3 Colas CATT Avs Width Upper Fiange cfShel Corner Etse Wisi" Baten Specie Height of Widih of Reinforcing Radi ot Bae Gaels fee Be Opening Opening "Piste ‘Oper ofBeks “Botan pacing” Number ameter ie Tee w ye © fi fi 2 of Boks of Bolts +16 « 4 1 OMe % a os 2 2 i mw Mm * % tte ie v wm om 1 wm os # i 5 om OR 1 Note: See Figure 3:3. 1 Befers to spacing at lower comers of cleanout-ftting fanee. + Forneck hchnesies seater than I¥ainchneresefae ecessary to nrovide a Yninch clearance between the required neck to-Aorge Weld and the head of the bol © inches for Groups 1V, IVA. V, * Only for Group bt I aad VI ll materials (see 57.7.2). erllta’Wevoes Steex Tans soa Ou Stonace a5 Teble 3-12—Minimum Thickness of Cover Plate, Boiting Flange, and Bottom Reinforcing Piate for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (Inches) Comat Column? _Celinn3 Columa4 Columns _Colunaé _Couma? Colima 8 Column Coumn 10 Size of Opening hx b (Height x With ed 2x wae er Maximum Thickness Thiekess “Theines Theiss Theknes Themes Thikinas Tener Tank Equivalent of Bolg cf Botiom of Baling of Botton of Boking of Bottom of Balting of Boron Height Pressure Flange and Reinforcing Flange and Reinforcing Flangead Reinforcing Flange and Reinforcing Mees) (pounds pet Cover Pite Pate Cover Pate Piste? Cover Plae Phuc’ Cover Pate Plates We sguareieeh) a te 8 ‘e t te ‘ 20 47 ® % % ry * 7 * % M 47 % % % Cs % 1 % a ns % % % % % * 3 2 % % Me» x "he ™ 1 .@ % Ye A fa he 1 Me 1% ra ns % b Ne Ww Me M n 313 Ye % we % Ww Me Me Note: See Figure 34. ‘ Equivslert pressue is based on water Loading S Maximum af Finch, Where: fy = minimum thickness of the bottom reinforcing plate, in inches. 1k = vertical height of clear opening. in inches. +b = horizontal width of clear opening, in inches. H = maximum design liqiid level (see 3.6.3.2), in feet. 3.7.7.7 The dimensions of the cover plate, bolting flange, bolting, and bottom reinforcing plate shall conform to Table 3-12. 3.7.7.8 ‘The material for the shel plate in thecleanout- opening assembly, the shell reinforcing plate, the tank= botiom reinforcing plate, and the neck plate shall jdiuna (o 2.2.9 and Figure 2-1 for the: resj tnlcknesses at the stated design metal temperature for the tank and shall ke consistent with the strength of the shell material. The material for the cover plate. tolting Range, and tolting shall conform to Section 2 3.7.79 The dimensions and details of the cleanout- door assemblies covered by this section are based on internal hydrostatic loading with no external piping loading. The use of external piping atteched to the cleanout-door flange or cover plats is not recommended. 8.7.740 Whenaflush-type cleanout fitting is installed ona lank resting on an carth grade without concrete ‘or masonry walls under the tank shell, provision shall be made to support the fitting and retain the grade by either of the following methods + Maximum of 1% inches, 4+ Masimum of Inches. + Maximum of Ye ioehes a. Install a vertical steel bulkhead plate under the tank, along the contour of the tank shell. symmet- rical with the opening, as shown in Figure 3-9, Method a. bb, Install « concrete or masonry retaining wall under the tank with its outer face conforming to the contour of the tank shell, as shown in Method b. B.T-711 Whena fush-type cleanout fittingis installed on a tank resting on a ringwall, a notch having the dimensions shown in Figure 3.9, Method c. shall be provided ta accommodate the cleanout fitting. 3.7.712 Whena fush-type cleanout fittingis installed on atank resting on an earth grede inside # foundation retaining wall,a notch shall be provided inthe retaining wall fo eccommodste the fitting, and a supplementary fc retaining wall shal! be provided to suppo:* thr fitting and retain the grade. The dimensions shai be as shown in Figire 39, Method d. 37.8 FLUSH-TYPE SHELL CONNECTIONS 3.7.81 Tanks may have flush-type connections at the lower edge of the shell. These connections may be made flush with the fat bottom under the following conditions (see Figure 3-10): a, The shell uplift from the internal design and test pressures (see Appendix F) and wind and earth- ‘quake loads (see Appendix E) shall be counteracted so that no uplift will occur at the cylindrical-shell/ fat-botiom junction. b. The vertical or meridional membrane stress in the cylindrical shell at the top of the opening for theTable 3-13—Thicknesses and Heights of Shell Reinforcing Plates for Flush-Type Cleanout Fittings (Inches) Column | Column? _Column3 Colma 4 CetunaS Colina @ Colma? Colima’ Cdunn) Cohan To Size of Opening h x 6 (Height x Widih) Bx 16 we 36x are Maxinum Thekeess Design Thickness of Heishtof Thickness of Height of Thickness of Height of Thickness of Height of of Lowest Liquid Shell and Shell_~—Stelland Shell Shelland- Shall” Shetland sey Shell Levelt Reinforcing Reinforcing Reinforcing Reinforcing Reinforcing Reinforcing Retnf Reinforcing Course (fee) Plate Plate Plate Plate Pte Plate © a L 4 L uw L Ye R ie ve si % ws R “ Ye 3 Ms n « % w w 16 « Ye my fa 6 « Ye s 4K R i" % 1 ” « % & 28 % s n 1" Me 2 1B “ ws 3% % 2 “ % & @ 4 n « % a Pe 19 “ n 6 we 4 i * « Me n u e am a 1" R 40 1 n i 1 ert « 2 4 ie ne 10 Rn % R st 7b 0 2 2 2 2» n cy n 0 n R nm 32 n wo ' R R 1 DR 36 Se BY 1 2 n a 1 am Me ze a 1 Vie 3% Me n n 1 Vi 3% 1m n % Ws ie BY 1 2 n We 1 om Vie ne 2 % 1 B Bis 2 n 35 1m 1% 58 3 Mm Rn R 38 Vie m oe 35 Vie R R 35 Mh ow R 35 ve n 2 35 Vie n R 38%, Wi 70% R 35% M%e, 70%. R 35% = = R 35% Note! See Figure 3.8. Dimensions 1, and Z may be varied within the limits defined in 37.7. +See 3632.fiush-type connection shall not exceed one-tenth of the circumferential design stress in the lowest shell course containing the opening. e. The maximum width, 6, ofthe fush-typeconnection opening in the cylindrical shell shall not exceed 36 inches. The maximum height, A, of the opening in the cylindrical shell shall not exceed 12 inches. e. The thickness, f,, of the bottom transition plate in the assembly shall be 44 inch minimum. of when specified, the same as that of the tank annular plate. 9.7.8.2 The details of the connection shall conform to those shown in Figure 3-10, and the dimensions of the connection shall conform to Table 3-14 end to the requirements of 3,7.8.3 through 3.7.8.11. 37.83 ‘The reinforced connection shall be completely preassembled into a shell plate. The completed assembly, including the shell plate containing the connection, shall be thermally stress relieved at a temperature of 1100°F-I200°F for a period of | hour per inch of thickness of the shell plate, 1, (see 3.7.4.1 and 3.7.4.2) 3.7.8.4 The reinforcement fora flush-type shell connection shall meet the following requirements: ‘a, The cross-sectional area of the reinforcement over: the top of the connection shall not be less than. Kyha?2 (see 3.7.7.4). b. ‘The thickness of the shell plate, tg, for the flush- connection assembly shall be at least Ye inch, but no more than '4 inch, greater than the thickness of theadjacent plates inthe lowest shell course (except for the 8-%-8-inch opening, for which plates may be of equal thickness). ¢. The thickness of the shell reinforcing plate shall be the same as that of the shell plate ie the Alushe connection assembly. 4. The reinforcement in the plane of the shell shall be provided ‘height L above the bottom of the opening. L shall not exceed 1.5h, except that L — fr shall not be less than 6 inches in the case of small openings: Where this exception results in an Z that is greater than 1.5h, only the portion of the rein forcement that is within 2 height of 1.54 shall be considered effect ¢, The required reinforcement may be provided by any one or any combination of the following: (1) the shell reinforcing plate, (2) any thickness of the shell plate in the assembly greater than the thickness of the adjacent plates in the lowest shell course, and (3) the portion of the neck plate having a length equal to the thickness of the reinforcing plate. iexoee Steet Tacs roa On StomAGe 327 12s 11.900 075 aso} meow IE 29)0+ 770 305h pe 10 0M) 42) contort Figure 3:7—Area Cootticient for Determining Minimum Reinforcement of Flush-Type Cieancut Fittings f, The width of the tank-bottom reinforcing plate at ‘the centerline of the opening shall be 10 inches plus the combined thickness of the shell plate in the fiush-conrection assembly and the shell reinforcing plate. The thickness of the bottom reinforcing plate shall be calculated by the following equation (see 3.7.7.6): ‘The minimum value of 1, shall be % inch for H = 43, "Ye inch for H = 56 and % inch for H = 64. g. The minimum thickness of the nozzle neck and transition piece, f,, shall be % inch, Eaternal loads applied (0 the coanection may require ¢, to be greater than % inch. 3.7.8.5 The material for the shell plate in the connection assembly, the shell reinforcing plate, the nozzle neck plate, the bottom reinforcing plete, and the nozzle transition piece shall conform to 2.2.9 and Figure 2-1 for the respective thickness for the stated design metel temperature for the tank and consistent with the strength of the shell material. The material for the bolting flange and the bolting shall conform to 2.6 and ZT 3.7.8.6 The nozzle transition between the Rush connection in the shell and the circular pipe flange shell (text continued on page 3-32)aga API Susosno 650 \ nesres hoisonal nett | She pit at east fing « | ‘See Datailb na One Ye ratiae rent + Glameter = bolt cameter © (eee Taba 3-11) -%4" | Exuatepacee| Ba a | te ta See Detalo for top and sides EK sky 8 Soe Detat b Ya" thick tulMtace long- esate CPotem pate Ce ae eee ‘| [ th2-W— Peguatepaces be min 12" min rzarccimensons Notch as required to provide tush int under shel ring (see Secton 0-0) Krein gn, A Rete aaa == SA SECTIONC-e (Note: Thichness of thinner plat jlced (Inch maximum, Figure 3-10—Continued332 1 Stavouno B60 Table 3-14—Dimensions for Fiush-Type Shell Connections (Inches) ee eee Lower Corser Radius of Nominal Upper Comer ‘Shell 'SG-Pourd —Heightof —-Widthof Reinforcing adios et Reinforcing Flange Opening Opening Plate Opesing Flats Site te ° w n ts ¢ # 38 1 ae n 2 2 6 8 16 & é is 8 6 6 8 20 6 6 18 Fy ie 8 6 8 Note: See Fiqure 3-10. be designed in'a manner consistent with the require- meats of this standard, Where this standard does not cover all details of design and construction, the manufacturer shall provide details of design and construc. tion that will be as safe as those provided by this standard 37.8.7 Where anchoring devices are required by Appendixes E and F to resist shell uplift, they shall be spaced so that they will be located immediately adjacent to each side of the reinforcing plates around the opening, 3.7.8.8 Adequate provision shall be made for free movement of connected piping to minimize thrusts and moments applied to the shell connection. Allowance shall be made for the rotation of the shell connection, caused by the restraint of the tank bottom to shell expansion from stress and temperature, 2s well as for the thermal and clastic movement of the piping. The rotation of the shell connection is shown in Figure 3 8.7.8.9 The foundation in the area of a flush-type connnection shall be prepared to support tne 5: reinforcing plate of the connection, The foundation for a tank resting on a concrete ringwall shall provide uniform support for both the bottom reinforcing plate and the remaining bottom plete under the tank shell. iffereni methods of supporting the bottom reinforcing plete undera flush-type connectionare shown in Figure Sl. 3,7.8.10 Flust-iype connections may be installed using a common reinforcing pad. However, when such construction is employed, the minimum distance between nozzle centerlines shall not be less than 1.S(b, + b, + 2% inches) or 24 inches, whichever is greater, where by and by ere the widths of adjzcent ‘openings. The width of each opening shall be obtained from Table 3-14, Column 3, for the respective nominal flange sizes. Adjacent shell flush-type connections that do noi share a common reinforcing plate shall have at least a 36-inch clearance between the ends of their reinforcing pads. 37.811 Allnozzle-neck butt welds shall receive 100- percent radiographic examination (see 6.1). The noz= alesto-tank shell and reinforcing plate welds and the shell-to-bottom reinforcing plate welds shall be ¢x- ‘amined for their complete length by magnetic particle examination (see 6.2). The magnetic particle exami- pation shall be performed on the root pass, on every 45 inch of deposited weld metal while the weld is made, and on the completed weld. The completed ‘weld shall also be visually examined. The examination of the completed weld shall be performed after siress relieving but before hydrostatic testing, (See 6.2 and 6.5 for the appropriate inspection and repair criteria.) 3.8 Shell Attachments and Tank Appurtenances 3.8.1 SHELL ATTACHMENTS: 3.8.4.1 Shell attachments shall be made, inspected, end removed in conformance with Section $. Shell attachments are defined as surface aitachments, such as fit-up equipment, angles, clips, and stair treads. 8.8.4.2 Attechmenis to shell courses of material in Group 1V, IVA, Y, or VI require consideration of the ‘movement of the shell (particularly the movement of the bottom course) under hydrostatic loading and shall meet the following requirements: @. Permanent attachments may be welded directly to the shell with fillet welds having a maximum keg. dimension of ¥ inch, The edge of any permanent attachment welds shall not be closer than 3 inches from the horizontal joints of the shell nor closer than 6 inches from the vertical jeinis, insert-plate Joints, or reinforcing-plate fillet welds b. The welding and irspection of permaneat atiach ments to these shell courses shall conform to 5.235.+ ¢. Temporary attachments to shell courses shall pref erably be made prior to welding of the shell joints. Weld spacing for temporary attachments made after ‘welding of the shell joints shall be the same as that . fequired for permanent attachments. Temporary attachments to shell courses shall be removed, and ‘any resulting damage shall be repaired and ground to a smooth profile. Posivon of shet ater elasic movement Initial eenietne o connection Angle ot We.seo Sree: Toss £08 Oe Stomice 333 3.8.2, BOTTOM CONNECTIONS Connections tothe tank bottom are permitted subject toagreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer with respect to details that provide ‘Strength, lightness, and utility equivatent to those of shell connections specified in this standard. Inia shal radius » A Shel radius» Re ah Height of bending inshel vares witn tank radus and tmickness roation Certarine of connection . . ater elastic meverient cf shall Ws 12 min, excopt ae! limited by curative of foundation (see Detailb) 3 DETAILS OF NOTCH IN RINGWALL Figure 3-11—Fotation ot Shell Connection3.94 9.8.3 COVER PLATES 3.8.3.1 Unreinforced openings up to and including 2 inches pipe size are permissible in flat cover plates without increasing the cover-plate thickness if the edges of the openings are not closer to the center of the cover plate than one-fourth the height or diameter of the opening. Requirements for openings 2 inches pipe size and smaller that do not satisfy the location Fequircment and for larger reinforced openings are given in 3.8.3.2 through 3.8.3.4. 9.8.3.2 Reinforced openings in the cover plaies of shell manholes shall be limited to one-half the diameter ‘of the manhole opening but shall not exceed 12 inches pipe size, Reinforcement added to openings may be a reinforcing plate or an increased thickness of the cover plate but in either case shall provide an added rein forcing arca no less than the cutout area of the opening in the cover plate. Cover plates with a nozzle attachment for product: mixing equipment shall have a thickness at least 1.4 times the thickness required by Table 3-3. The added thickness (or pad plate) for replacement of the opening cutout in the cover plate shall be based on Table 3-3. The 40-percent increase in thickness within a radius of one diameter of the opening may be included as art of the area of replecement required. The mixer- nozzle attachment to the cover plate shall’ te a full- penetration weld. The manhole bolting-fange thickness shall not be less than 1-4 times the thickness required by Table 3:3. 3.8.33 When cover plates (or blind flanges) are required for shell nozzles, the minimum thickness shall be that given for flanges in Table 3-10. Reinforced ‘openings in the cover plates (or blind flanges) of shell nozzles shall be limited to one-half the diameter of the nozzle. Reinforcement added to openings may be an added pad plate or an increased thickness of the cover plate but in either case shall provide an added reinforcing area no less than 50 percent of the cutout area of the opening in the cover plate. Mixer nozzles may ‘be atiached to cover plates. APIStincans £50) 3.834 Openings in the cover plates: of fush-type cleanout fittings shall be limited to 2 inches pipe size in accordance with 3.8.3.1. 9.84 ROOF MANHOLES Roof manholes shall conform to Figure 3-12 and Table 3-15. Ifwork is expecied to be carried on through the manhole opening while the tank is in use. the roof structure around the manhole should be suitably rein. forced. 3.85 ROOF NozzLes 3.8.5.1 Flanged roof nozzles shall conform to Figure 3-13 and Table 3-16. Slip-on welding and welding-neck flanges shall conform to the requirements for Class 150 forged carbon steel raised-face flanges in ANSI 816.5. Plate-ring Manges shall conform to all dimen. sional requirements for slip-on welding flanges. except that the extended hub on the back of the flange may be omitied. 3.8.5.2 Threaded roof nozzles shall conform to Figure 3-1 and Table 3-17, 3.8.6 WATER DRAWOFF SUMPS Water drawoff sumps shall be as 3:1 end Table 3-18, unless other puschaser. ecified in Figure specified by the 3.8.7 SCAFFOLD-CABLE SUPPORT ‘The scaffold-cable support shall conform to Figure 3-16. Where seams or other attachments are located at the center of the tank roof, the scaffold support shall be located 5 close as p 3.8.8 THREADED CONNECTIONS ‘Threaded piping connections shall be female and tapered. The threads shall conform to the requirements for taper pipe threads in ANSIASME B1,20.1-1983, General Purpose (Inck) Pipe Tareads. Table 3-18 Dimensions for Roof Manholes (Inches) Column “Columa2 —“Columa 3 Column Colma Coumaé Ccumn? Column & Column 9 Dianeter of Hole in Outside Roof Pte or Diameter af Diameter Reinforcing Reinforcing Size of of Neck Diameter of Gasket Plate Plate Nachoie 0 Dy De 2 0 20% 7 at % 2s 4“ Note: See Figure 5-12He thick gashot =| 7 \Wlesoto Siete Tasws £08 Ot Storage TI) ee = il i“ @ ‘SECTION A-A~ROOF MANHOLE WITH REINFORCING PLATE 4-Saneterbots in "diameter holes (fe2 Table 315 for numberof bots: Dol hiies shal stradce certerines) AllornativeHeeket ee Reool-Plate Joint ano Pre Ce See BASE FOR ROOF MANHOLE WITHOUT REINFORCING PLATE Figure 3-12—Root Manholes (See Table 3-15)@ 395 API Stincane 659 [Ais ways vertical bs dais abeays, naan wa or Sip-on welding, welding-neck, er plate rng fange (See note) —__H elite yoo leckto-RootPlate yr| “Rootoiate mm wotnt {a [= L—o, Slandarc-weight fine poe NOZZLE With REINFORCING PLATE BASE FOR NOZZLE WITHOUT REINFORCING PLATE Note: Whes the roof nozsle is used for venting, the neck shal be trimmed Cush with the refine Figure 3-13—Flanged Rool Nozzles (See Table 3-16) Table 3-16—Dimensions for Flanged Table 3-17—Dimensions for Threaded Root Nozzles (Inches) Root Nozzles (Inches) Column! Column? Column 3 Column é Column 5 Column t Coloma’ Caumnd Columns Diameter Dianeier of of Hole Hole inRoof Outside is Root Ouside Pate or Diameter of Ousite Mateo: Mitimam Diameter of Noninst Nominal Reinforcing ——-Reinforcng Nominal Diameter Reinforcing Height of Reinforcing Size of Size of Plate Piste Sizeot of Pipe Piste male Pate Nozzle Courting D, Dy Nowle “Neck > te Dy a = a z re 1990 z 6 5 1 1 Ps a 2 wh 2 6 7 is Mm 2% 5 3 Ms a OG 5 2 2 3 x 4 6 on 6 i 3 3 a 5 6 bi o% 6 5 4 4 SMe u 8 % tA 5 8 ‘ 6 es 15 10 ri 1" s 2 ’ 2 on 18 B my B 5 FY 10 ra 2 2 2 2 iy. Ev Note: See Figure 313, —— 4 + Reinforcing plates are not required on G:inch or smaller rozales Now: See Figure 314 ‘but may be used i desired * Reinlorcing plates are aat required on inch or smaller nozzles but may be tied if desired, J tase aways vertical [+— Asis always vertical (See note) % ‘root plate Oe NOZZLE WITH REINFORCING PLATE NOZZLE WITHOUT REIKFORCING PLATE Note: See 3.5.8 forrequitements for threaded connections. When thereof nocdle fs sed for vesting, the neck shall te trimmed flush with the roofline, Figure 3-14—Threaded Roo! Nozzles (See Table 3-17). 0 Stiei Tanes ro Ox Stomsce ‘Table 3-18—Dimensions for Drawoft Sumps Se Diane fom Cenier Thickness Mminum Minimum Nominal Diameter Depth Pige t=» of Plates. = Intemal’ © Novile Pipe of Sump of Sump Shell, «in Sump Pipe Neck Size finches) Gieches) «feet! «inches Thickness Thickness finctes) 4 e ¢ i finches) linehes) z 2% 2 Me os 028 3 % 8 3 03 0300 4 ry u im ox 0377 ‘ o 36 ue Ye 0% = “oan Note: See Figure 3.15, 3.8.9 PLATFORMS, WALKWAYS, AND ‘The top angle and the wind girders shall conform, in ‘material and size, to the requirements of this standard, 3.92 TYPES OF STIFFENING RINGS. ‘Stiffening rings may be made of structural sections, formed plate sections, sections built up by welding or combinations of such types of sections assembled by welding. The outer periphery of stiffening sings may be circular or polygonal (see Figure 3-17). ¢ STAIRWAYS Platforms, walkways, and stairways shall be in accordance with Tables 3-19, 3-20, and 3-21. 3.9 Top and Intermediate Wind Girders 3.9.1 GENERAL Open-top tanks shall be provided with stiffening rings to maintain roundness when the tank is subjected to wind loads. Stifening rings shall be located at or near the top of the top course, preferably on the outside of the tank shell. This design for wind girders applies to loating-roof tanks covered in Appendix C. 3.93 RESTRICTIONS ON STIFFENING RINGS 3.9.34 The minimum size of angle for use alone or a5 2 component in a built-up stiffening ring shall be x Yeinches. The minimum nominal thickness Fuibfilot wos at ? ‘ 32 34 § tates a bacupbar Detaisat-a ——_‘tlange (aia ceptable) ey | Detail © Detaitb ‘Note: The erection procedure shall include the fllovieg steps: (1) hole sal be cut fa the bottom rlste ot a sump shall be placed in the foundation before Bottom placement: () 2 neat excavato shall be made to conform to the stape ofthe érawoff sump. the sump shall be pu in place. ard the {oundatien stall be compacted around the sump after placement; and (3) the sump shall be welded to the bottom, Figure 3-15—Drawolf Sump (See Table 3-18) a338 fe Seaneter +} Schedule 40 pipe [se2 nate) Note: Linch Schedule 40 pipe wall thichoess = 0.297 inch outside diameter = 5 inches) Figue 3-16—Scatfold Cable Support of plate for use in formed or bi shall be % inch, 3.9.32 When the stiffening rings are located more than 2 feet below the top of the shell, the tank shall be provided with a 2/2 x 2% x Yeinch top curb angle for Yie-inch shells, with a3 x 3 x Yeinch angle for shells thicker than Yis inch, or with other members of equivalent section modulus. up stiffening rings Table 3-19—Requitements for Platforms and Walkways: | ‘All parts shall be nade of meal The minimum wisth of the oor level shall be 24 inches Flooring shall be made of grating or nonslip materal The height cf the top rang above the Noor shall be 4? inches. 5; The minimum Height of the toeboard shal be 3 inches. ‘The maximum space between the op ofthe Asor and the totiom Of the tosboaed shall be It inch, 7. The height of the midrail shall be approximately one-half the Sisiance from the top ofthe walkway tothe top of the railing, . The maximum distance between railing posts shal be $6 Inches . The completed siuctare shal be capable of supportines moving toncestrtes load of 10X0 pounds, and the beodrall streture shall be capable of withstanding a oad of 209 pounds applied i any direedon at any point on te top Fil 10, Handrails shall be o Goth sides of the 3 Aiscontinued where necessary for access. ML, Athardnal openings, any space wider than 6 inches between the task and the platform should be foored, 12, Task runways that extesd from one part of stank to ary pact of en adjacent tant, tothe ground. orto another structure seal be supported so that free felative movement of the structures dined by the runway is permited. This may be accomplished by firm atchment of the runway te one tank and the use of ¢ slip joint atthe point af contact between the runvey and the other tank, (This method permits either tack to settle or be Aisrupied by an explosion without the other task being endan aeted om but shall be * Hasdial eight requred by ANSL specifications, This height mandatory in some states, APL Stincans 650 Table 8-20—Requirements for Stairways ‘AV parts stall be made of reclal ‘The minimum witth of the siies shall be 24 inches, ‘The manimum angle’ ofthe stairway witha horigostal line shah be S0degrees. + The minimum width of the stair treads shal be 8 inches. (The sum of tice the rise ofthe sir treads plus the run defined: the horizontal distance between the noses of iuscessive teat pieces) shall not be less than 24 inches nor more than 26 nches, Rises shall be wei throughout the height of the sisineay | ‘Treads shall be made of rating or novalip mate ‘The top rang shal joi the platform bandeal without offset, and the height measured verucally from tcead level athe gore ‘of the tread shall be 30-33 laches. 7. The maximum distance between alling posts, measured along she slope ofthe railing, hal be 96 inches 8. The completed structure sallbe capable of supporting a moving concentrated load of 1000 pounds, and the handrallstucture shall be capable of withstanding load of 300 pounds applied in any direction st any point onthe top ai 9. Handrails shall te on both sides of straight stairs: handrails shall also be on both sides of circular stairs when the clearance Deiween the tank shell and the star stringer exceeds B inches 10. Circumferential stairways should be completely supported on the shell of the tank, and the ends of the stringers should be clear of the ground kis recommended that thesame ngle be employedforallstsirways ina tank group or plant aces. 3.9.3.3 Rings that may trap liquid shall be provided With adequate drain holes 3.84 STIFFENING RINGS AS WALKWAYS A siiffening ring or any portion of it that is used regularly as a walkway shall have a width not less than 24 inches clear of the projecting curb angle on the top of the tank shell. It shall preferably be located 3 feet 6 inches below the top of the curb angle and shall be provided with 2 standard railing on the un- Protecied side and at the ends 9° the section used as awalkway. 385 SUPPORTS FOR STIFFENING RINGS Supports shall be provided for all stiffening rings when the dimension of the horizontal leg or web exceeds 16 times the leg or web thickness. Such upports shall be spaced ai the intervals required for the dead load and vertical live load that may be placed on the ring. However, the spacing shall not exceed 24 times the width of the outside compression flange. 3.9.6 TOP WIND GIRDER 3.9.6.1 The requited minimum section modulus of the stiffening ring shall be determined by the following equation: Z = 0.0WID'H,Wiens Stem Tune Fon Ox Stomoe ‘Table 3-21—Fise, Run, and Angle Relationships for Stairways BRS pm Beinches Height Width DA + r= Winches Width ofRise of Run cf Run (inches) inches) Awe Ainctes) ne R r Degrees Minutes . Degrees Minutes i we u i = aS = A 8 R & is 2 8 m me % 3 Ta 8 é 2 be x 1s 1 om 11% 23 30 6 3 ou ut 30 3s 5 M om toe n “6 1 2 7 10 5 ° 2 ts ™ Mu 8 » 1 a 14 3 0 0 18 ™ us a 2 26 8 s 5 ° 40 we ™% a “6 0 1 - = = 23 ¥ = = % 9 = = - 2 Where: Z = required minimum section modulus, in inches cubed. D = nominal tank diameter, in feet height of the tank shell, in feet, including any freeboard provided above the maximum filling height as a guide for a floating roof. Note: ; 2% iach Maximus Where: @ = angle of cone elements to the horizontal, in degrees. D = nominal diameter of tank shell, in feet. Note: When the sum ofthe lve ant dead leads exceeds 4$ pounds pet square foot, the minimum thickness shall be inereased by the Following r ine ad + Geadload Se 3.10.5.2 The participating area 2t the roof-to-shell Junction shall be determined using Figure F-1 and shall ‘equal or exceed the following: wiEss API Stasoaso $50 ‘The area calculated from the expression above is based fon the nominal material thickness less any corrosion allowance, ‘Note: When the sum ofthe live and dead loads exceeds 48 pounds Per square fect, the maninum cross-sectional urea of the top ance shall be increased by the following rato: liveload + dead fond ge 3.10.6 SELF-SUPPORTING DOME AND UMBRELLA ROOFS: Selfsupporting roots whose roof plates are siffened by ‘clded to the plates reed not conform to the minimurn 85 requirements but should not be less than Ys inch when 30 designed by the manufacturer, subjest to the approval of he purchaser. 3.10.61 Self-supporting dome and umbrella roofs Shall conform to the following requirements: Minimum radius = 0.8D (unless otherwise specified by the purchaser) Maximum radius = 12D. Not Minimam thickness = 15 %,ineh Yinch Maximum thickness Where: jomiinal diameter of tank shell, in feet roof radius, in feet. ‘Note: When the sum ofthe liveand dead loads excesds 45 pounds Der square foot, the mininucr thickness shall be Increased by the following rai n ilead > dedToad is 3.10.6.2 The participeting area at the roof-t0-shell Junction shall be determined using Figure F-1 and shall ‘exceed the following: Dr, 1500 ‘The area calculated from the expression above is based on the nominal material thickness less any corrosion allowance. Note: When the sum ofthe live and dead loods exceeds 43 pounds er square foc. the matinum erort-rectional eres of the top ansle shall be increased by the following ratio: Hvelovd + dead lend a 3.40.7 TOP-ANGLE ATTACHMENT FOR ‘SELF-SUPPORTING ROOFS: 31074 Referto3.t.5.9, Item ¢, fora description of and information and certain restrictions on types of top-angle joints. Refer to 5.2 for details of welding. SARS13:10:7.2 For self-supporting roofs, including the cone, dome, and umbrella types, et the option of the manufacturer, the edges of the roof piates may be flanged horizontally torest at against the top angle to improve ‘welding conditions 3.11 Wind Load on Tanks (Overturning Stability) 3.14.1. When specified by the purchaser, overturning stability shall be calculated using the following procedure: The wind load or pressure shall be assumed to be 30 pounds per square foot on vertical plane surfaces, 18 pounds per square foot on projected areas of cylindrical surfaces, and 15 pounds per square foot oon projected areas of conical and double-curved surfaces. These wind pressures are based on a wind velocity of 100 miles per hour. For structures designed for wind velocities other than 100 miles per hour, the ‘wind loads specified above shall be adjusted in pro- portion to the following ratio: (VA00 Where: V = wind velocity, in miles per hour. as specified by the purchaser. Note: When the wind velocity velocity to avoid overtursing reported to the purchaser. nok specified, the maximum wind jstebinty shal be calelated and Waoeo Stem, Tans £08 O% Stroma aur 3.41.2. For an.unanchored tank. the overtuming moment from wind pressure shall not exceed two-thirds of the dead-load resisting moment, excluding any tank conter:s, and shall be calculated as follows: _2(Wo) a 22) ‘M = overtuming moment from wind pressure, in foot-pounds. W = shell weight available to resist uplift, in pounds, less any corrosion allowance, plus dead weight supported by the shell, minus simultaneous uplift from operating conditions, such as internal pressure on the roof. D = tank diameter, in feet. Where: 3.11.3 Whenanchors are required, the design tension Joad per anchor shall be calculated as follows: qt Say Where: ty = design tension load per anchor, in pounds. d = diameter of anchor circle, in feet. N = number of anchors. a Anchors shall be spaced a maximum of 10 feet apart, ‘The allowable tensile stress for anchors shall be in | accordance with Appendix F.SECTION 4—FABRICATION 4.1 General 44.1 WORKMANSHIP 4.1.1.1 All work of fabricating API Standard 650 tanks shall be done in accordance with this standard and with the permissible alternatives specified in the inguiry or order. The workmanship and finish shall be first class in every respect and subject to the closest inspection by the manufacturer's inspector, whether or not the purchaser waives any part of the inspection. 44.1.2. When material requires straightening, the ‘work shall be done by pressing or another noninjurious method prior to any layout or shaping. Heating or hammering is not permissible unless the material is heated to a forging temperature 4.4.2. FINISH OF PLATE EDGES “The edges of plates may be sheared, machined, chipped, or machine gas cut. Shearing shall be limited to plates % inch thick used for butt-welded joints and to plates % inch thick used for lap-welded joiats. ‘Note: With the purchaser's approval, the shearing limiation of plates used for buttwelded joints may be incteased up to and freluding a thickness of ¥ inch, © ‘When edges of plates are gas cut, the resulting surface shall be uniform and smooth and shal! be freed from scale and slag accumulations before welding. After cut of sheared edges are wire brushed, the fine film of rust that adheres to the edges need not be removed before welding. Circumferential edges of roof and bottom plates may be manually oxygen cut. 41.9 SHAPING OF SHELL FL, Shell plates shall be shaped to suit the curvature of the tank and the erection procedure according to the following schedule: Nominal Pate ‘Nonial Tank “Thackness ‘Daneter (inetes) ed) <0 = 3120 ail 44.4 MARKING All special plates that are cul to shape before shipment, as well as roof-supporting structual mem- 4a bers, shall be marked as shown on the manufacturer's drawings. 4.4.5 SHIPPING Plates and tank material shall be loaded in such a manner as to ensure delivery without damage, Bolts, huts, railing connections, nipples, and other small parts shall be boxed or put in kegs or bags for shipment. 4.2. Shop Inspection 42.1 “The purchaser's inspector shall be permitted free entry to all parts of the manufacturer's plant concerned with the contract whenever any work under the contract is being performed. The. manufacturer shall afford the purchaser's inspector, free of cost to the purchaser, all reasonable facilities 10 assure the inspector that the material is being furnished in accordance with this standard. The manufacturer shall also furnish, free of cost to the purchaser, any samples ‘or specimens of materials for the purpose of qualifying Welders in accordance with 7.3. Unless other specified, inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to shipment. The manufecturer shall give the purchaser ample notice of when the mill will roll the plates and when fabrication will begin so that the purchaser's inspector may be present when required, The usual mill test of plates shall be deemed sufficient to prove the quality of the steel furnished (except as noted in 4.2.2), Mill test reports or certifi- cates of compliance, as provided for in the material specification, shall be fumished to the purchaser only when the option is specified in the original purchase order. 4.22. Mill and shop inspection shall ot release the manufacturer from responsibility for replacing any defective material and for repairing any defective workmanship that may te discovered in the field. 42.3. Any material or workmanship that in any way fails to meet the requirements of this standard may be rejected by the purchaser's inspector, and the material involved shall not be used under the contract. Material that shows injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the mill, subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturer's works, or during erection ond testing of the tank will be rejected. The manufacturer will be notified of thisin writing and will be required to furnish new material promptly and make the necessary re- placements or suitable repairs.SECTION 5—ERECTION 5.1 General 5.14 The subgrade for receiving the tank bottom shall be provided by the purchaser, unless otherwise specified on the purchase order, and shall be uniform and level. 5.1.2 The manufacturer shall furnish all labor, ‘ools, ‘Welding equipment and cables, falsework, scaffolding, and other equipment necessary for the erection of tanks complete and ready for use. Power for welding shall be supplied by the manufacturer unless other arrangements are made in the purchase order. 5.4.8. Paint or foreign material shall not be used beiween surfaces in contact in the construction of the tank proper, except as permitted by 5.2.1.9. 5.1.4 Paint or other protection for structural work inside and outside of the tank shall be as specified on the order and shall be applied by competent workers. 5.1.5 Lugs attached by welding to the exterior of the tank, for the purpose of erection only, shall be removed, and any noticeable projections of weld metal ped from the plate. The plate shall not be gouged or torn in the process of removing the lugs. 5.2 Details of Welding 5241 GENERAL 5.2.4.1 Tanks and their structural attachments shall be welded by the shielded metal-arc, gas metalarc, flux-cored-are, submerged-arc, electroslag, or electro- gas process using suitable equipment. Use of the .elecirogas process shall be by sereement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Welding may be performed manually, automatically, or semi ‘automatically according to procedures described in Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Welding shall be performed in such a manner 1s to ensure complete fusion with the base metal. 5.21.2 No welding of any kind shall be performed ‘when the surfaces of the parts to be welded are wet from rain, snow, or ice; when rain or snow is falling on such surfaces; or during periods of high winds unless the welder and the work are properly shielded. No welding of any kind shall be performed when the temperature of the base metal is less than 0°F. When the temperature of the base metal is 0"F-32°F or the thickness is in excess of 1% inches, the base metal ihn 3 inches of the place where welding is to be started shall be heated io a temperature warm to the hand, (See 5.2.3.4 for preheat req plates over 1/4 inches thick.) ments for shell 5.24.3 Esch layer of weld metal or multilayer welding shall be cleaned of slag and other deposits before the next layer is applied. B.24.4 The edges of all welds shall merge with the surface of the plate without‘a sharp angle. The maximum acceptable undercutting is Yo inch of the base metal for vertical butt joints. For horizontal butt joints undercutting not exceeding Y52 inch in depth is acceptable 5.2.15 The reinforcement of the welds on all butt Joints on each side of the plate shall not exceed the following thicknesses: Maximum Reinforcement Thickness Plate Thickness {inches} (inches) Verical Joins Horizontal Jolors = Me i‘ >¥ through 1 % iM a ws The reinforcement need not be removed except to the extent that it exceeds the maximum acceptable thickness or when required by 6.1.3.4. 52.1.8 During the welding operation, plates shall be held in close contact at all lap joints 5.2.1.7 The method proposed by the manufacturer to hold the plates in position for welding shall be submitted for approval to the purchaser's inspector, if such approval has not already been given in writing by the purchaser. S248 Tack welds used in the assembly of vertical je shells shall be removed and shall not the finished joint when the joints are welded manually. When such joints are welded by the submerged-are process, the tack welds shall be thoroughly cleaned of all welding slag but need not be removed provided they are sound and are thoroughly fused into the subsequently applied weld beads. Whether tack welds are removed or left in place. they shall be made using a fillet-weld or butt-weld procedure qualified in accordance with Section IX of the ASME Code. Tack welds to be left in place stall be made by welders qualified in accordance with Section 1X of the ASME Code and shall be visually examined for defects, which shall be removed if found. (See 6.5 for criteria for visual examination.) AG If protective coatings are to be used on surfaces to be welded, they shall be included in52 welding-procedure qualification tests for the brand formulation end maximum thickness of coating to be applied. 5.21.10 Low-hydrogen electrodes shall be used for manual metal-arc welds, including the attachment of the first shell course to the bottom or annular plates, as follows: a, For all welds in shell courses over 0.5 inch thick of Group I-IIl materials. b. For all welds in all shell courses of Group 1V-VI materials, 5.2.2 BOTTOMS 52.2.1 Unless otherwise specified, after the bottom Plates are Inid out and tacked, they shall be joined by welding the joints ina sequence that the manufacturer has found to result inthe least distortion from shrinkage and thus to provide as nearly as possible a plane surface, 5.2.2.2 Iisrecommended that the sequence of weld. ing the seams joining the bottom plates be specified by the manufacturer on approval plans so that the purchaser may object if he so desires. However, manufacturer should follow a practice that will mize the inequalities in the bottom-plate surface when the tank is completed. 5.2.2.9 The welding of the shell to the bottom shall be practically completed before the start of the completion of welding of bottom joints that may have been left open to compensate for shrinkage of any welds previously made. 5.22.4 Shell plates may be aligned by metal clips attached to the bottom plates, and the shell may be welded 10 the bottom before co: welding started between the bottom edge of the shell plate and the bottom plates. 523 SHELLS 5.23.1 Plates to be joined by butt welding shall be matched accurately and retained in position during the welding operation. Misalignment in completed vertical Joints over % inch shall not exceed 10 percent of the plate thickness, with a maximum of ¥ inch. Misalign- ‘ment in joints % inch or less shall not exceed Yisinch. 5.2.3.2 In completed horizontal butt joints, the upper plate shall not project beyond the face of the lower plate at any point by more than 20 percent of the thickness of the upper plate, with @ maximum projection of Ye inch, except that a projection of Yie inch is acceptable for upper plates less than % inch thick. ABI Stasosso 859 52.3.3 The reverse side of double welded butejoints shall be thoroughly cleaned in a manner that will eave the exposed surface satisfactory for fusion of the weld metal to be added, prior to the application of the frst bead to the second side. This cleaning may be done by chipping, grinding, melting out. or where the back of the initial bead is smooth and free from crevices that might entrap slag, another method that, upon feld inspection, is acceptable to the purchaser, 52.3.4 For circumferential and vertical joints in tank shell courses constructed of material over 1's inches thick (based on the thickness of the thicker plate at the joint), multipass weld procedures are required, with no pass over % inch thick permitted. A minimum preheat of 200°F is required for these welds. 92.3.5 Permanent and temporary attachments to ells (see $.2.1.10 for shell-to-bottom welds) contain. i Group IV, IVA, V, or Vi material shall be welded with low-hydrogen electrodes. The welds (not inclid= ing shell to bottom) shall be inspected visually and by the magnetic particle method (or at the option of the purchaser, the liquid penetrant method). Refer to 6.2, 6.4, 0f 6.5 for the appropriate inspection criteria. Both permanent and temporary attachments shall be welded byaprocedure that doesnot cause underbead cracking, The necessity of preheat for thick plates or for a low stmospheric temperature during welding shall be con sidered when the procedure is selected. 5.2.3.6 After any stress relieving but before hydro: static testing of the tenk, welds attaching nozzles, manholes, and cleanout openings shall be inspected visually and by the megretic particle method (or at the option of the purchaser, the liquid penetrant method). Refer 10.6.2, 6.4, or 6.5 for the appropriate inspection and repair criteria, 5.2.3.7 For flush-type connections, see 3.7.8511, 524 ROOFS This standard does not include special stipulations for erection of the roof, except that the structural framing (such as rafters and girders) must be reasonably {rue to line and surface. 5.3 Inspection, Testing, and Repairs 53.4 GENERAL 53.1.1 The purchaser's inspector shall at all times have free entry to all parts of the job while work under the contract is being performed. The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser's inspector, free of cost to the purchaser, reasonable facilities to assure the in-icuoro Stem Tats fon Ox Sronaee spector that the work is being performed in accordance with this standard. 5.3.1.2 Any material or workmanship shall be subject, to the replacement requirements of 4 5.3.1.3 Material damaged by defective workmanship or otherwise defective will be rejected, The manufacturer will be nolified of this in writing and will be required to furnish new material promptly or to correct, defective workmanship. 5.9.4.4 Before acceptance, all work shall be completed to the satisfaction of the purchaser's inspector, and the entire tank, when filled with oil, shall be tight and free from leaks. 5.9.1.5 Upon completion of erection, the manufacturer shall remove or dispose of all rubbish and other unsightly material caused by his operations and shall leave the premises in as good condition as he found them, 5.3.2. INSPECTION OF WELDS 5.9.2.1 Butt Welds Complete penetration and complete fusion is required for welds joining shell plates to shell plates. Inspection for quality of welds shall be made by the radiographic method specified in 6.1 and by the visual method. In addition, the purchasers inspector may visually inspect all butt welds for cracks, arc strikes, excessive undercuts, surface porosity. incomplete fusion, and other defects. Acceptance and repair criteria for the visual method are specified in 6.5. 5.3.2.2 Fillet Welds Fillet welds shot he insnected by the visual method. Acceptance and repair criteria are specified in 6.5. 53.2.3 Costs All costs for making radiographs and any necessary repairs shall be borne by the manufacturer. However, if the purchaser's inspector requires radiographs in excess of the number specified in Section 6 or requires chip-outs of fillet welds in excess of one per 100 feet of weld and no defect is disclosed. the cost of the additional inspections shall be borne by the purchaser. 5.3.3 VACUUM TESTING 8.3.3.1 Vacuumtestingis conveniently performed by means of a metal testing box, 6 inches wide x 30 inches long. with a glass window in the top. The open bottom is sealed against the tank surface by a sponge- sa rubber gasket, Suitable connections, valves. and gauges should be provided $3.32 Approximately 30 incl test is brushed with 2 soap solution or linseed oil. In freezing weather, a nontreezing solution may be necessary. The vacuum box is placed over the coated section of the seam, and 2 vacuum is applied to the box. The presence of porosity in the seam is indicated by bubbles or foam produced by air sucked through the welded seam, of the seam under 5.3.33 A vacuum can be drawn on the box by any convenient method, such as connection to a gasoline- or diesel-motor intake manifold or to an ait ejectar or special vacuum pump $3.34 The gauge should register a partial vacuum of at least 2 pounds per square inch gauge. 5.3.4. INSPECTION OF TANK BOTTOM WELDS Upon completion of welding of the tank bottom, the welds shall be inspected by one of the following methods: a. Air pressure or vacuum shall be applied to the joints, usinga soap film, linseed oi, or another material suitable for the éetection of leaks +b. Afier attachment to the bottom of at least the lowest shell course, water (to be supplied by the purchaser) shell be pumped underneath the bottom. A. head of 6 inches of liquid shall be maintained by holding that depth eround the edge of the bottom inside temporary dam. The line containing water for testing, may be installed temporarily by running it through a ‘manhole to one or more temporary flange connections in the bottom of the tank, or the line may be installed permanently in the subgrade beneat method of installation should be governed by the nature of the subgrade. All reasonable care shall be taken to preserve the prepared subgrade under the tank 5.3.5 INSPECTION OF REINFORCEMENT-PLATE WELDS Upon completion of the fabrication and before the tank is filed with test water, the reinforcement pads shall be tested by applying up to 15 pounds per square inch gauge pneumatic pressure between the tank shell and the reinforcement plate on each opening. using the telltale hole specified in 3.7.5.1, While each space is subjected to such pressure, a sozp film, linseed oil, cor another material suitable for the detection of leaks shall be applied to all attachment welding around the reinforcement, both inside and outside the tank.

API 650 - Welded Steel Tanks For Oil Storage PDF

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