4 (Binomial Theorem)

(Binomial Theorem)

1.

2.
3.
4.

(a b) n a , b n

4.1 (Factorial)

n n!

n n n! =

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)..3.2.1

(Binomial Theorem

4.1
1) 4!

2) 7!

1) 4!

3,628,800

3) 10!

= 4 3 2 1 = 24

2) 7! = 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
3) 10!

= 5,040

= 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 =

n!

n
n!

n(n-1)!

n(n-1)(n-2)!

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4)!

1!

1(1-1)!

0!

=
n!

n= 1 ;

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)!

n(n-1)!

1(0!)

4.2
2)

1)

7!
5
!

1)

6!
5
!7!

7!
5
!

7 6 5!
5!

(Binomial Theorem

=
2)

6!
5
!7!

42

6!
(5 4 3 21)(7 6!)
1

840

=
=

3!5!

4.3 1) 3!5!
2)

(n 2)!
(n 1)!

3! (5 4 3!)
3!(5 4 3!)
3!{1 (5 4)}
= 3!{1 (5 4)}
1 20
= 1 20
21
= 19
21
= 19

3!5!

1) 3!5!

2)

(n 2)!
(n 1)!

(n 2)!
(n 1)(n)(n 1)(n 2)!
1
= (n 1)(n)(n 1)
1
=
2
n(n 1)

4.4

(n 1)!
(n 2)!

=
=
=
=

(n 1)!
(n 2)!
(5 1)!
(5 2)!

6!
3
!
6 5 4 3!
3!

120

n = 5

(Binomial Theorem

4.5

(n 2)!
=
n!
(n 2)(n 1)n!
=
n!

(n 2)!
n!

30 n

30
30

(n+2)(n+1)

30

(n+2)(n+1)

(6)(5)

4.6

1) 12 11 10

2) 27

(2n+2)(2n+1)(2n)

1) 12 11 10

12
!
9!

2) 27

27
!

= 26
!

3) n 2- 5n + 6
=
=

12
11
10
9!
9!

27
26
!
26
!

= ( n-2)(n-3)

(n 2)(n 3)(n 4)!

(n 4)!
(n 2)!
(n 4)!

(2n 2)(2n 1)(2n)(2n 1)!

(2n 1)!
(2n 2)!

(2n 1)!

4) (2n+2)(2n+1)(2n) =
=

3) n 2- 5n + 6

4)

(Binomial Theorem

4.1
1.
1.1 8!

..

1.2

..
9!
11
!=

..

..
1.3

4!6!
10
!

(Binomial Theorem

..
1.4

7!9!
7!9!

..

..

1.5

..
4!
6!5!

..

..

2.
2.1

(n 1)!
(n 1)!

...

(Binomial Theorem

...

.
2.2

n!
(n 2)!

...

...

...
2.3

(n 3)!
(n 4)!

n = 8

...

...

(Binomial Theorem

2.4

n!
(n 2)!2!

n =

...

...

.
3. n
3.1

n!
(n 2)!

= 930

....

...

(Binomial Theorem

(n 1)!

3.2 (n 1)!

132

....

...

3.3

(3n 3)!
(3n)!

16

....

(Binomial Theorem

...

4.
4.1 65

64

..

4.2 13

4.3 (n+5)

4.4 (2n-5)(2n-6)(2n-7)

..

4.5 n 211n+

30

(Binomial Theorem

(Binomial
4.2

Coeficient)

n , r n r

n

r

n , r 0 r n

n!
r!(n r)!

4.7
1)
2)
3)

6

3
7

2
7

5

4)
5)
1)

6
3

=
=
=

9

0
9

9

6!
3!(6 3)!
6 5 4 3!
(3 21)3!
6 5 4
(3 21)

20

n

r

(Binomial Theorem

2)

7!

7

2

= 2!(7 2)!

7 6 5!
(21)5!
7 6
= (21)

= 21
3)

7

5

7!
5!(7 5)!
7 6 5!
5!2!
7 6
2!
7 6
21

=
=
=

= 21
4 4)

9

0

=
5

9!
0!(9 0)!
9!
= (1)(9)!

6 =1

7 5)

=
8
9 =

9!
9!(9 9)!
9!
= 9!0!
1
1

10 = 1

7

2
9
0

=
=

7

5
9
9

(Binomial Theorem

n

r

n r

4.8
n

4

n!
4!(n 4)! =
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4)!
4 3 21(n 4)!

n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

4 3 21

n

4

15

15

15
=

15

15

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)

15( 4 3 2 1)

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)

(3 2)(5)(4)(3)(2)

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)

4.9

9

4

10

(3 5)( 4 3 2 1)

9

4

10 5

6 - 3

9!
10
!
5!
+
4!(9 4)! 6!(10 6)! 3!(5 3)!
9!
10
!
5!
= 4!(9 4)!+ 6!(10 6)!- 3!(5 3)!
9 8 7 6 5! 10
9 8 7 6! 5 4 3!
= (4 3 21)5! +
- 3!2!
6!4!
9 8 7 6 10
9 8 7 5 4
= (4 3 21) + 4 3 21 - 21
5

= 126 + 210 10
= 137

(Binomial Theorem

4.2
1.
1.1

10

..

..

1.2

12

..
1.3

12

..
2.

9

3

10

(Binomial Theorem

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

3.

n

3

56

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

4.

4 7

2 4

4 7
+ 3 3

6 8
+ 6 5

(Binomial Theorem

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..

5.

n 1

= 2

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

(Binomial Theorem

..

6.

n

3

18

..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

4.3

(Pascals Triangle)

Blaise Pascal

a b n

a,b

a b n

(Binomial Theorem

a b 0 1
a b 1 a b
a b 2 a2 2ab b2
a b 3 a3 3a2b 3ab2 b3
a b 4 a4 4a3b 6a2b2 4ab3 b4
a b 5 a5 5a4b 10
a3b2 10a2b3 5ab4 b5

1

0

1
3

5

0

4

0

5

1

4

1
5

2

2

0
3

0
1

1
5

3

0

0
1

4

2
5

4

1
1
2

1
3

1

2

2
3

2
4

3

5

5

3

3
4

4

10

10

4.3.1

(Binomial Theorem

4.3.2 1

n
n
1
0
n

4.3.3
2

5 4 4

2 1 2
4 3 3

3 2 3

4.3.4 n n +
1

n n n
n
, , ,...,

0 1 2
n

4.3.5 n
2n

n n n
n
... 2n
0 1 2
n

a b n

n 1

(1)

(2)

( a) ( b)

0
-

a n

a n 1 b

1
-

a b n

a n 2 b

(Binomial Theorem

- n 1 a

0 b

n 1

a n 0

b 0

n
(3)
(4)

n 1

a b

n
1
0

n
n!

1
1!(n 1)!

n
n!

2!(n 2)!
2

(5)

n
n!

3!(n 3)!
3

4.4

(Binomial Theorem

r
n

0 r n

a b n an rbr
r0 r
n
n
n
n
a b n 0 anbn0 1 an1b1 2 an2b2 ... n annbn




n
n


a b n an 1 an1b1 2 an2b2 ... bn

n n r r
a b
r

r 1

5
4.10 x2 2y

5 4 5 3 2 5 2 3 5 4 5
a b 2 a b 3 a b 4 ab b
1

a b 5 a5

(a) = x 2 (b) = 2y ;
5

(x 2+2y) 5= (x 2) 5+
5

4

x 2(2y) 4+(2y) 5
=

x10

(x 2) 4(2y)+

(x 2) 2(2y) 3+

5!
5!
5!
x8 2y
x6 4y2
x4 8y3
1!(5 1)!
2!(5 2)!
3! 5 3 !

5!
x2 16
y4 32y5
4! 5 4 !

x10

(x 2) 3(2y) 2+

5.4!

1 4!

2x8y 52..41.3!3!4x6y2 35!.42.3!! 8x4y3

5.4!
16
x2y4 32
y5
4!1!

(Binomial Theorem

x10 10
x8y 40
x6y2 80
x4y3 80
x2y4 32
y5

4
4.11 2a2 3y

4 3 4 2 2 4 3 4
a b a b ab b
1
2
3

a b 4 a4

2a2 3y 4 2a2 3y 4

4
4
3
2
2a2 3y 2a2 3y 2
1
2

2 4
= 2a

4
2a2 3y 3 3y 4
3

4!
4!
6
4
= 16a 8 1! 4 1 ! 8a 3y 2! 4 2 ! 4a (9y 2)

4!
2a2 27y3 81
y4
3! 4 3 !
4.3!
4.3.2!
16
a8
24
a6y
36
a4y2
1 3!
2.1 2!
4.3!
54
a2y3 81
y4
3!1!

=
=

16
a8 96
a6y 216
a4y2 216
a2y3 81
y4

4.12 4

n n r r
a b
r

r 1

12 2 123 3a
x

x
3

4 31

27
a3

3
x

12
.11
.10
.9! 18 27
a3

x
3
3.2.1 9!
x

12
!
x2
3! 12 3 !

27
a3

220
x18
3
x

x2 3a

12

(Binomial Theorem

5940
a3x15

4.13

x0

n n r r
a b
r

r1

12 2 12 r 1
x

x
r
12 242r r
x

x
r
12 243r
x

r

24-3r

24

24
3

12

r 1

x0

x2 1

3r

x0

8 + 1 9

4.13

y2 1

y2 1

(Binomial Theorem

4 7

n n r r
a b
r

r1
6 2
y
3

63

31

1

3

6!
3
1
y2
3! 6 3 !
27

y 6

3.2.1 3! 27

6.5.4.3!

1
20y6
27

20 6
y
27

4.15

20
27

3
x2 3x 1

3 2 3 2 3
a b ab b
1
2

x2 3x 1 3 x2 3x 1 3

a b 3 a3

a = x 2 b = (3x 1) ;

3
2 3
2
x2 x2 3x 1 x2 3x 1 2 3x 1 3
1
2

3!

1)

= x 6 1!(3 1)!x 4(3x-1) +

3!
2
2
2!(3 2)!x (9x -

+ (3x) 3+3(3x) 2(-1)+3(3x)(-1) 2+(-1) 3

x6

3 2! 5 4
3!
3x x
9x4 6x3 x2
1 2!
2!1!

27x3 3 9x2 1 9x 1 1

x6 9x5 3x4 27x4 18x3 3x2 27x3 27x2 9x 1

x6 9x5 24x4 9x3 24x2 9x 1

6x +

(Binomial Theorem

4.16

3.02
4

4 3 4 2 2 4 3 4
a b a b ab b
1
2
3

a b 4 a4

3.02
4=

(3+0.02) 4

4
4
3
3 3 0.02 3 2 0.02 2 3 0.02 3 0.02 4
1
2
4

3 4

4!
4!
27
0.02

9 0.0004

1! 4 1 !
2! 4 2 !
4!
3 0.000008
0.00000016

3! 4 3 !
4.3!
4.3.2!
4.3!
81

(0.54
)
(0.0036
)
(0.000024
)
1 3!
2.1 2!
3!1!

81

+0.00000016

81 2.16 0.0216
0.000096
0.00000016

= 0.83.1817
(3.02) 4

5
1. a2 2b2

= 83.1817

6.3

...

..

..

(Binomial Theorem

..

..

4
2. 3a y2

...

..

(Binomial Theorem

...

..

6
3. 4 2x2 y

(Binomial Theorem

4.

2 xy 6

5.

x 1

x2

12

..

..

..

..

(Binomial Theorem

..

6.

x4

x3 1

x2

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

********************** *****************