MC LC

Chng 1 ........................................................................................................... 3
TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS ..................................................... 3
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG............................................................................. 3
1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G ................. 3
1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
3G .................................................................................................................. 5
1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH V
CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI. ................ 6
1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS
H TR......................................................................................................... 9
1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3 .................................................. 10
1.7. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R4 .................................................. 17
1.8. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R5 v R6 ........................................ 19
1.9. CHIN LC DCH CHUYN T GSM SANG UMTS.................... 21
1.10. CU HNH A L CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 3G 24
1.11. TNG KT......................................................................................... 27
Chng 2 ......................................................................................................... 28
CNG NGH A TRUY NHP CA WCDMA ........................................... 28
2.1. GII THIU CHUNG........................................................................... 28
2.2. TRI PH V A TRUY NHP PHN CHIA THEO M................ 28
2.3. IU KHIN CNG SUT................................................................. 32
2.4. CHUYN GIAO TRONG H THNG CDMA.................................... 32
2.5. MY THU PHN TP A NG HAY MY THU RAKE........... 34
2.6. CC M TRI PH S DNG TRONG WCDMA ........................... 35
2.7. TRI PH V IU CH NG LN ........................................... 37
2.8. TRI PH V IU CH NG XUNG..................................... 39
2.9. TNG KT ........................................................................................... 42
Chng 3 ......................................................................................................... 43
GIAO DIN V TUYN CA WCDMA UMTS ........................................... 43
3.1. GII THIU CHUNG........................................................................... 43
3.2. M U............................................................................................... 43
3.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC CA GIAO DIN V TUYN
WCDMA/FDD ............................................................................................. 44
3.4. CC THNG S LP VT L V QUY HOCH TN S............. 46
3.5. CC KNH CA WCDMA ................................................................. 49
3.6. CU TRC KNH VT L RING ................................................... 57
3.7. S TNG QUT MY PHT V MY THU WCDMA ............ 58
3.8. PHN TP PHT ................................................................................ 59
3.9. IU KHIN CNG SUT TRONG WCDMA .................................. 61
3.10. CC KIU CHUYN GIAO V CC S KIN BO CO TRONG
WCDMA...................................................................................................... 64
3.11. CC THNG S MY THU V MY PHT V TUYN CA UE
..................................................................................................................... 66
3.12. AMR CODEC CHO W-CDMA........................................................... 66
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3.13. TNG KT......................................................................................... 67

Chng 4 ......................................................................................................... 68
TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA) ..................................................... 68
4.1. GII THIU CHUNG........................................................................... 68
4.2. TNG QUAN TRUY NHP GI TC CAO (HSPA) .................. 68
4.3. KIN TRC NGN XP GIAO THC GIAO DIN V TUYN
HSPA CHO S LIU NGI S DNG .................................................. 69
4.4. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG XUNG (HSDPA) ......... 71
4.5. TRUY NHP GI TC CAO NG LN (HSUPA)................ 82
4.6. CHUYN GIAO TRONG HSDPA ....................................................... 88
4.7. TNG KT ........................................................................................... 91
Thut ng v vit tt......................................................................................... 93
Ti liu tham kho..100

Chng 1
TNG QUAN MNG 3G WCDMA UMTS
1.1. GII THIU CHUNG
1.1.1. Mc ch chng
Hiu l trnh pht trin thng tin di ng ln 4G
Hiu c kin trc tng qut ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G.
Hiu cc kin trc mng 3G WCDMA UMTS: R3, R4 v R5 v chin lc
chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS

1.1.2. Cc ch c trnh by trong chng

L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G
Kin trc chung ca mt mng thng tin di ng 3G
Cc khi nim v cc dch v chuyn mch knh v cc dch v chuyn mch
gi
Cc loi lu lng v cc loi dch v m 3G WCDMA UMTS c th h tr
Kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS qua cc pht hnh khc nhau: R3, R4, R5 v R6
Chin lc chuyn dch GSM ln 3G UMTS

1.1.3. Hng dn
Hc k cc t liu c trnh by trong chng
Tham kho thm cc ti liu tham kho cui ti liu

1.2. L TRNH PHT TRIN THNG TIN DI NG LN 4G

L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G c cho trn hnh
1.1 v l trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP c cho trn hnh 1.2..

AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System

TACS: Total Access Communication System
GSM: Global System for Mobile Telecommucations
WCDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
EVDO: Evolution Data Only
IMT: International Mobile Telecommnications
IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electtronics Engineers
WiFi: Wireless Fidelitity
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
LTE: Long Term Evolution
UMB: Untra Mobile Broadband

Hnh 1.1. L trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng ln 4G

Hnh 1.2. Lch trnh nghin cu pht trin trong 3GPP

Hnh 1.3. cho thy l trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP

Hnh 1.3. L trnh tng tc truyn s liu trong cc pht hnh ca 3GPP

1.3. KIN TRC CHUNG CA MT H THNG THNG TIN DI

NG 3G
Mng thng tin di ng (TTD) 3G lc u s l mng kt hp gia cc vng
chuyn mch gi (PS) v chuyn mch knh (CS) truyn s liu gi v ting. Cc
trung tm chuyn mch gi s l cc chuyn mch s dng cng ngh ATM. Trn
ng pht trin n mng ton IP, chuyn mch knh s dn c thay th bng
chuyn mch gi. Cc dch v k c s liu ln thi gian thc (nh ting v video)
cui cng s c truyn trn cng mt mi trng IP bng cc chuyn mch gi.
Hnh 1.4 di y cho thy th d v mt kin trc tng qut ca TTD 3G kt hp c
CS v PS trong mng li.

RAN: Radio Access Network: mng truy nhp v tuyn

BTS: Base Transceiver Station: trm thu pht gc
BSC: Base Station Controller: b iu khin trm gc
RNC: Rado Network Controller: b iu khin trm gc
CS: Circuit Switch: chuyn mch knh
PS: Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi
SMS: Short Message Servive: dch v nhn tin
Server: my ch
PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network: mng in thoi chuyn mch cng cng
PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network: mang di ng cng cng mt t

Hnh 1.4. Kin trc tng qut ca mt mng di ng kt hp c CS v PS

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Cc min chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS) c th hin bng
mt nhm cc n v chc nng lgic: trong thc hin thc t cc min chc nng ny
c t vo cc thit b v cc nt vt l. Chng hn c th thc hin chc nng
chuyn mch knh CS (MSC/GMSC) v chc nng chuyn mch gi (SGSN/GGSN)
trong mt nt duy nht c mt h thng tch hp cho php chuyn mch v
truyn dn cc kiu phng tin khc nhau: t lu lng ting n lu lng s liu
dung lng ln.
3G UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System: H thng thng tin
di ng ton cu) c th s dng hai kiu RAN. Kiu th nht s dng cng ngh a
truy nhp WCDMA (Wide Band Code Devision Multiple Acces: a truy nhp phn
chia theo m bng rng) c gi l UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Network:
mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t ca UMTS). Kiu th hai s dng cng ngh a truy
nhp TDMA c gi l GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network: mng truy
nhp v tuyn da trn cng ngh EDGE ca GSM). Ti liu ch xt cp n cng
ngh duy nht trong UMTS c gi l 3G WCDMA UMTS

1.4. CHUYN MCH KNH (CS), CHUYN MCH GI (PS), DCH V

CHUYN MCH KNH V DCH V CHUYN MCH GI.
3G cung cp cc dch v chuyn mch knh nh ting, video v cc dch v
chuyn mch gi ch yu truy nhp internet.
Chuyn mch knh (CS: Circuit Switch) l s chuyn mch trong thit
b chuyn mch thc hin cc cuc truyn tin bng cch thit lp kt ni chim mt ti
nguyn mng nht nh trong ton b cuc truyn tin. Kt ni ny l tm thi, lin tc
v dnh ring. Tm thi v n ch c duy tr trong thi gian cuc gi. Lin tc v n
c cung cp lin tc mt ti nguyn nht nh (bng thng hay dung lng v cng
sut) trong sut thi gian cuc gi. Dnh ring v kt ni ny v ti nguyn ch dnh
ring cho cuc gi ny. Thit b chuyn mch s dng cho CS trong cc tng i ca
TTD 2G thc hin chuyn mch knh trn trn c s ghp knh theo thi gian trong
mi knh c tc 64 kbps v v th ph hp cho vic truyn cc ng dng lm
vic ti tc c nh 64 kbps (chng hn ting c m ho PCM).
Chuyn mch gi (PS: Packet Switch) l s chuyn mch thc hin phn
chia s liu ca mt kt ni thnh cc gi c di nht nh v chuyn mch cc gi
ny theo thng tin v ni nhn c gn vi tng gi v PS ti nguyn mng ch b
chim dng khi c gi cn truyn. Chuyn mch gi cho php nhm tt c cc s liu
ca nhiu kt ni khc nhau ph thuc vo ni dung, kiu hay cu trc s liu thnh
cc gi c kch thc ph hp v truyn chng trn mt knh chia s. Vic nhm cc
s liu cn truyn c thc hin bng ghp knh thng k vi n nh ti nguyn
ng. Cc cng ngh s dng cho chuyn mch gi c th l Frame Relay, ATM hoc
IP.
Hnh 1.5. cho thy cu trc ca CS v PS.

Hnh 1.5. Chuyn mch knh (CS) v chuyn mch gi (PS).

Dch v chuyn mch knh (CS Service) l dch v trong mi u cui
c cp pht mt knh ring v n ton quyn s dng ti nguyn ca knh ny trong
thi gian cuc gi tuy nhin phi tr tin cho ton b thi gian ny d c truyn tin
hay khng. Dch v chuyn mch knh c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch knh
(CS) hoc chuyn mch gi (PS). Thng thng dch v ny c p dng cho cc
dch v thi gian thc (thoi).
Dch v chuyn mch gi (PS Service) l dch v trong nhiu u cui cng
chia s mt knh v mi u cui ch chim dng ti nguyn ca knh ny khi c
thng tin cn truyn v n ch phi tr tin theo lng tin c truyn trn knh. Dch
v chuyn mch gi ch c th c thc hin trn chuyn mch gi (PS). Dch v ny
rt rt ph hp cho cc dch v phi thi gian thc (truyn s liu), tuy nhin nh s
pht trin ca cng ngh dch v ny cng c p dng cho cc dch v thi gian
thc (VoIP).
Chuyn mch gi c th thc hin trn c s ATM hoc IP.
ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode: ch truyn d b) l cng ngh thc
hin phn chia thng tin cn pht thnh cc t bo 53 byte truyn dn v chuyn
mch. Mt t bo ATM gm 5 byte tiu (c cha thng tin nh tuyn) v 48 byte
ti tin (cha s liu ca ngi s dng). Thit b chuyn mch ATM cho php chuyn
mch nhanh trn c s chuyn mch phn cng tham chun theo thng tin nh tuyn
tiu m khng thc hin pht hin li trong tng t bo. Thng tin nh tuyn trong
tiu gm: ng dn o (VP) v knh o (VC). iu khin kt ni bng VC (tng
ng vi knh ca ngi s dng) v VP (l mt b cc VC) cho php khai thc v
qun l c kh nng m rng v c linh hot cao. Thng thng VP c thit lp
trn c s s liu ca h thng ti thi im xy dng mng. Vic s dng ATM trong
mng li cho ta nhiu ci li: c th qun l lu lng kt hp vi RAN, cho php
thc hin cc chc nng CS v PS trong cng mt kin trc v thc hin khai thc
cng nh iu khin cht lng lin kt.

Chuyn mch hay Router IP (Internet Protocol) cng l mt cng ngh thc
hin phn chia thng tin pht thnh cc gi c gi l ti tin (Payload). Sau mi
gi c gn mt tiu cha cc thng tin a ch cn thit cho chuyn mch. Trong
thng tin di ng do v tr ca u cui di ng thay i nn cn phi c thm tiu
b sung nh tuyn theo v tr hin thi ca my di ng. Qu trnh nh tuyn ny
c gi l truyn ng hm (Tunnel). C hai c ch thc hin iu ny: MIP
(Mobile IP: IP di ng) v GTP (GPRS Tunnel Protocol: giao thc ng hm
GPRS). Tunnel l mt ng truyn m ti u vo ca n gi IP c ng bao vo
mt tiu mang a ch ni nhn (trong trng hp ny l a ch hin thi ca my
di ng) v ti u ra gi IP c tho bao bng cch loi b tiu bc ngoi (hnh
1.6).

Hnh 1.6. ng bao v tho bao cho gi IP trong qu trnh truyn tunnel
Hnh 1.7 cho thy qu trnh nh tuyn tunnel (chuyn mch tunnel) trong h
thng 3G UMTS t tng i gi cng (GGSN) cho mt my di ng (UE) khi n
chuyn t vng phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht (SGSN1) ny sang mt vng
phc v ca mt tng i gi ni ht khc (SGSN2) thng qua giao thc GTP.

Hnh 1.7. Thit lp kt ni tunnel trong chuyn mch tunnel

V 3G WCDMA UMTS c pht trin t nhng nm 1999 khi m ATM l
cng ngh chuyn mch gi cn ng tr nn cc tiu chun cng c xy dng trn
cng ngh ny. Tuy nhin hin nay v tng lai mng vin thng s c xy dng
trn c s internet v th cc chuyn mch gi s l chuyn mch hoc router IP.

1.5. CC LOI LU LNG V DCH V C 3GWCDMA UMTS

H TR
V TTD 3G cho php truyn dn nhanh hn, nn truy nhp Internet v lu
lng thng tin s liu khc s pht trin nhanh. Ngoi ra TTD 3G cng c s
dng cho cc dch v ting. Ni chung TTD 3G h tr cc dch v tryn thng a
phng tin. V th mi kiu lu lng cn m bo mt mc QoS nht nh tu theo
ng dng ca dch v. QoS W-CDMA c phn loi nh sau:
Loi hi thoi (Conversational, rt): Thng tin tng tc yu cu tr nh (thoi chng
hn).
Loi lung (Streaming, rt): Thng tin mt chiu i hi dch v lung vi tr nh
(phn phi truyn hnh thi gian thc chng hn: Video Streaming)
Loi tng tc (Interactive, nrt): i hi tr li trong mt thi gian nht nh v t l
li thp (trnh duyt Web, truy nhp server chng hn).
Loi nn (Background, nrt): i hi cc dch v n lc nht c thc hin trn nn
c s (e-mail, ti xung file: Video Download)
Mi trng hot ng ca 3WCDMA UMTS c chia thnh bn vng vi
cc tc bit Rb phc v nh sau:
Vng 1: trong nh, pico, Rb 2Mbps
Vng 2: thnh ph, micro, Rb 384 kbps
Vng 2: ngoi , macro, Rb 144 kbps
Vng 4: Ton cu, Rb = 12,2 kbps
C th tng kt cc dch v do 3GWCDMA UMTS cung cp bng 1.1.
Bng 1.1. Phn loi cc dch v 3GWDCMA UMTS
Kiu

Phn loi

Dch v di Dch v di ng
ng

Dch v chi tit

Di ng u cui/di ng c nhn/di ng dch
v

Dch v thng tin - Theo di di ng/ theo di di ng thng

nh v
minh
Dch v m thanh

Dch
v Dch v s liu
vin thng

- Dch v m thanh cht lng cao (16-64

kbps)
- Dch v truyn thanh AM (32-64 kbps)
- Dch v truyn thanh FM (64-384 kbps)
- Dch v s liu tc trung bnh (64-144
kbps)
- Dch v s liu tc tng i cao (144
kbps- 2Mbps)
- Dch v s liu tc cao ( 2Mbps)
9

Kiu

Phn loi

Dch v chi tit

Dch
v
phng tin

a - Dch v Video (384 kbps)

- Dch v hnh chuyn ng (384kbps- 2 Mbps)
- Dch v hnh chuyn ng thi gian thc
( 2 Mbps)
Dch v Internet Dch v truy nhp Web (384 kbps-2Mbps)
n gin
Dch
v Dch v Internet Dch v Internet (384 kbps-2Mbps)
Internet
thi gian thc
Dch v internet Dch v Website a phng tin thi gian thc
a phng tin
( 2Mbps)
3G WCDMA UMTS c xy dng theo ba pht hnh chnh c gi l R3,
R4, R5. Trong mng li R3 v R4 bao gm hai min: min CS (Circuit Switch:
chuyn mch knh) v min PS (Packet Switch: chuyn mch gi). Vic kt hp ny
ph hp cho giai on u khi PS cha p ng tt cc dch v thi gian thc nh
thoi v hnh nh. Khi ny min CS s m nhim cc dch v thoi cn s liu c
truyn trn min PS. R4 pht trin hn R3 ch min CS chuyn sang chuyn mch
mm v th ton b mng truyn ti gia cc nt chuyn mch u trn IP. Di y
ta xt ba kin trc 3G WCDMA UMTS ni trn.

1.6. KIN TRC 3G WCDMA UMTS R3

WCDMA UMTS R3 h tr c kt ni chuyn mch knh ln chuyn mch gi:
n 384 Mbps trong min CS v 2Mbps trong min PS. Cc kt ni tc cao ny
m bo cung cp mt tp cc dich v mi cho ngi s dng di ng ging nh trong
cc mng in thoi c nh v Internet. Cc dch v ny gm: in thoi c hnh (Hi
ngh video), m thanh cht lng cao (CD) v tc truyn cao ti u cui. Mt tnh
nng khc cng c a ra cng vi GPRS l "lun lun kt ni" n Internet.
UMTS cng cung cp thng tin v tr tt hn v v th h tr tt hn cc dch v da
trn v tr.
Mt mng UMTS bao gm ba phn: thit b di ng (UE: User Equipment),
mng truy nhp v tuyn mt t UMTS (UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio
Network), mng li (CN: Core Network) (xem hnh 1.8). UE bao gm ba thit b: thit
b u cui (TE), thit b di ng (ME) v module nhn dng thu bao UMTS (USIM:
UMTS Subscriber Identity Module). UTRAN gm cc h thng mng v tuyn (RNS:
Radio Network System) v mi RNS bao gm RNC (Radio Network Controller: b
iu khin mng v tuyn) v cc nt B ni vi n. Mng li CN bao gm min
chuyn mch knh, chuyn mch gi v HE (Home Environment: Mi trng nh).
HE bao gm cc c s d liu: AuC (Authentication Center: Trung tm nhn thc),
HLR (Home Location Register: B ghi nh v thng tr) v EIR (Equipment Identity
Register: B ghi nhn dng thit b).

10