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HLR VLR Trau
HLR VLR Trau
dn quang l E1.
Gia BSC (thuc BSS) v MSC (thuc SS) giao tip qua giao din A, giao thc
BSSAP trn ng truyn quang E1 hoc STM-1.
Theo mnh im chung ca cc giao din Um, Abis, A l truyn d liu ngi dng v
bo hiu. C ng khng???
Cc bn gii thch gip mnh hiu cc giao din v giao thc trn hot ng nh th
no? Mnh khng hiu n g ht.
V chuyn mch. Trong di ng s dng chuyn mch knh, internet th dng chuyn
mch gi (switch ip) v chuyn mch ATM(switch atm). Mnh khng r n hot ng
nh th no.
TL: Cc thc th khc nhau trong h thng mng GSM c kt ni vi nhau thng
qua tn hiu mng. Bo hiu c s dng cho v d nh i vi thu bao di ng,
ng k thu bao,thit lp cuc gi, v.v.. Vic kt ni n cc thc th khc nhau c
gi l 'cc im tham chiu' (reference points). Bao gm:
- iao din A: Kt ni gia BSC v MSC
- iao din Abis: Kt ni gia BSC v BTS
- iao din D: Kt ni gia MSC v HL
- iao din Um: Kt ni v tuyn gia MS v BTS
Ngoi ra c n c cc giao din khc cho cc kt ni ti cc thit b khc trong mng
GSM:
- MSC vi VLR: L giao din B.
- HLR vi VLR: L giao din D
- MSC vi ISDN: L giao din Di
- MSC vi MSC: L giao din E
- MSC vi EIR: L giao din F
- VLR vi VLR: L giao din G
- HLR vi AUC: L giao din H
- DMH vi MSC: L giao din I
- MSC vi PLMN: L giao din Mi, v.v...
C n rt nhiu cc giao din khc na, chng ta hy tm hiu chi tit v 3 giao din
chnh A, Abis v Um.
Nhim v chnh ca bo hiu l thit lp v xo kt ni cuc gi. Ngy nay cc ng
dng mi lun lun c thm vo, trong l vic t ng truy cp c s d liu
hoc Cc dch v c m rng trn mt vng rng ln ca mng vin thng.
Giao din A:
Trn lp vt l, giao din A bao gm mt hoc nhiu lin kt PCM gia MSC
v BSC vi bng thng khong 2Mbps. t gia BSC v MSC l TRAU (Transcoder
Adapter Rate Unit) l mt thit b thch ng tc , y c n c qu trnh m ho v
gii m ting mt c th trong thng tin di ng c tin hnh. V th c th chia
giao din A thnh 2 phn nh sau:
- Phn th nht gia BSC v T AU, ni d liu ti trng truyn dn vn c nn.
Nh trn giao din Abis, mt knh lu lng n ch chim 2 trong s 8 bit ca mt
knh PCM. iu ny gii thch ti sao c th truyn 4 knh lu lng ton tc trn
mt knh PCM. Khng k n cc TS ni thng tin bo hiu c mang. Thng tin
bo hiu yu cu ton b 64Kbps ca knh.
- Phn th hai l gia TRAU v MSC, ti ni ton b d liu khng c nn, bi
v mi knh lu lng yu cu tt c 8 bit hoc chim ton b 64Kbps ca knh PCM.
Giao din A l giao din gia BSC v MSC, n c xy dng trn chun giao tip
ang tn ti l h thng bo hiu SS7 c s dng khp trong NSS. Chun bo hiu
ny rt ph bin trong giao tip in thoi. Trong mng vin thng PSTN v ISDN, h
thng bo hiu knh chung CSSN07 l tiu chun ton cu nh ngha truyn thng
bng lin minh truyn thng quc t ITU. Knh bo hiu c th chim mt khe thi
gian bt k trn cc ng truyn dn 2Mbps tr khe TS0 v c s dng truyn
tt c cc bo hiu ca cc knh thoi on ni tng ng.
iao din Abis:
Giao din Abis kt ni BTS vi BSC. Giao din l phn c nh ca mng v giao tip
thng qua bi cp thng thng. in hnh l mt lin kt PSM 30 (cng
nh ISDN 30) c s dng vi 32 knh mi knh 64kbps, cung cp bng thng
2Mbps. Cng ngh nn cho php GSM s dng cc gi ln ti 8 knh lu lng trn
mt knh n 64kbps. iu ny cho php ti 10 TRXs trong BTS, nhng mt c th
ci t l mt BTS c 1 n 4 TRXs. Khi s dng 2 lin kt ISDN 30, ti a 16 T Xs
c th c ci t trn mt BTS.
iao din Air Um:
Giao din khng kh l giao din v tuyn gia MS v BTS. Giao din ny c so
snh khc nhiu vi cc giao din khc, bi v giao tip v tuyn l giao din m rt
nhy cm vi s xm nhp t ngoi hn l vi cable, nhng i li c bng thng
ln. Giao thc lp 2 trn giao din Um c gi l LAPDm (LAPD mobile). y l
mt ci tin ca LAPD. S khc nhau gia LAPD v LAPDm l ch pht hin v sa
li Um c thc hin chc nng lp 1. Mt im khc nhau na l cc khung
LAPD c th di hn nhiu so vi cc bn tin ca LAPDm v khung ca LAPDm phi
hiu chnh t va cc cm (burst).
So snh gia giao din A v Abis bn c th xem thread
ny: http://vntelecom.org/diendan/showthread.php?t=1294
hiu c Chuyn mch knh, Chuyn mch gi, ATM bn cn c cc ti liu v
Chuyn mch Tng i ( C s K thut chuyn mch v tng i- Nguyn Hng
Sn, K thut chuyn mch- Mai Vn u, Nguyn Hu Kin, Bi ging cng ngh
chuyn mch- Nguyn Duy Nht Vin,...).
Chuyn mch l s thit lp ni kt theo yu cu truyn thng tin t ng vo yu
cu n ng ra c yu cu trong mt tp ng vo v ng ra (ITU-T). Mc ch l
thit lp ng truyn thng tin qua mng theo cu trc c nh hoc bin ng.
Chuyn mch knh: L loi chuyn mch phc v s trao i thng tin bng cch cp
knh dn trc tip gia cc i tng s dng. X l cuc gi c tin hnh qua 3
giai on:
1/ Thit lp ng dn da vo nh cu trao i thng tin.
2/ Duy tr knh dn trong sut thi gian trao i thng tin.
3/ Gii phng knh dn khi i tng s dng ht nhu cu trao i.
c im:
- Thc hin trao i thng tin gia cc user trn trc thi gian thc.
- Cc user lm ch knh dn trong sut qu trnh trao i.
- Hiu sut thp.
- Yu cu chnh xc thng tin khng cao.
- Ni dung trao i khng mang thng tin a ch.
- Ph hp vi dch v thoi.
- Khi lu lng tng n ngng no th cuc gi mi c th b kho, mng t chi
mi yu cu kt ni mi n khi c th.
Chuyn mch gi: Bn tin c chia thnh cc gi vi chiu di xc nh, mi gi c
Th ln nu TC t cnh MSC th c li l :
1. tit kim chi ph vi cc bn i thu, lung c n lm vic khc.
2. D dng ng cu- MSC kiu g ch c ngi trc, thit b d ph ng cng tp trung
hn
3. phi i dy- nu t ti BSC s lng dy s tng ln 4 ln.
4.tit kim TC - nu t cnh BSC th thng 1 TC ch qun l 1 BSC, c n t MSC 1
TC c th qun l nhiu BSC.
V nguyn l th giao din t BSC n BTS l giao din Abis. Hin nay giao din
Abis thng s dng l lung E1 (2M). Vic u ni tBSC n BTS c th s dng
lung E1 quang hoc E1 Viba hoc c th s dng HDSL(cp ng). Giao din
t BSC n MSC l giao din A hay cn gi l trung k. Giao din ny cng c s
dng l lung E1 cn s dng bao nhiu E1 l ty thuc vo lu lng cuc gi
ca BTS v BSC . Nu lu lng cuc gi ln c th s dng STM1. Cn E1 hay
STM1 c cu trc nh th no chc ban bit.
Giao din gia BTS v BSC gi l Abis. Thc cht Abis ch l 1 lung E1 (trong
bao gm :traffic ca cc TRX trong BTS, bo hiu cho cc T X - bo hiu LAPD
cng vi phn O&M ca trm BTS ) tt c gi gn vo trong 1 lung E1 ( iu ny
gii thch v sao cu hnh max ca 1 trm BTS l 4/4/4)
Giao din gia BSC v MSC l giao din A: bn ch cn quan tm n vic chuyn i
tc t 16 --->64k thng qua b TRAU.
Nhiu lung Abis tp trung ti BSC, BSC tp hp li ri truyn n MSC thng qua
giao din A v chuyn i tc TD t 16-->64k.
VSWR t 1.5-1.9 l hng ri hin nay con s ang c sit cht, trc y l <1.3
hin nay VMS l <1.25 v vinaphone l <1.2
Nu nm trong khoang 1.5-1.9 th s ko loss cell trn 1.9 cell s t ng ngt bo v
TX-RX
Ci ny th tu theo quy nh tng nh mng thi cc bc ah.tu theo tng di
tng GSM 900 hay GSM 1800.nhng hin nay th tt c u l di VS <1.3
cn cch khc phc th
- kim tra u conector,kim tra feeder c b mp ...,kim tra feeder c b vo nc
hay khng?
- swap feeder test th
- kim tra card thu pht(dng my o cng sut...)
Frequency range : 824 960 MHz
Polarization :Vertical
Gain :15 dBi
Half-power beam width H-plane: 65
E-plane: 15
Electrical downtilt :315, adjustable in 1 steps
Side lobe suppression : > 12 dB (0... 20 above horizon)
Front-to-back ratio : > 25 dB
Impedance :50
VSWR : < 1.4
gi hin nay, 1 thu bao c trafic trung bnh = 12-15 mE --> S lng thu bao
1 cell phc v = trafic gi cao im/ traffic trung bnh ca thu bao
Mnh cn hiu r v gc Tilt hay cn gi l gc ngng:
N c chia ra lm 2 loi:
- electrical titl: c hai gi tr 0 v -6( ngha l ang downtilt xung 6) c 1 s loi ph
bin : Katrien : K 739636, Andrew : 858DG65T6( beam =65 tilt =6)
- machine Tilt: Ci ny do chng ta xt lc install.( G chnh tilt ca Antennal c
khung chnh t 0 - 6)
Ngoi ra c 1 s antenna c th thay i tilt Electrical.
t 2 loi trn kt hp li ta c th chnh gc ngng, cp ca Antenna xung -12.
- c tilt m chng ta ni n l total tilt = E Tilt + M tilt
Exp:
bn dng antenna kathrein loi K 739636( E tilt = -6), lp t M tilt = +3( tc l y
ln 3) . Khi bn c Total Tilt = 3 + (-6) = -3
"Thng thng cc tnh thng gc ngng = 0" Cu ny ca bn cn tu thuc vo
bn dng Antenna no na.
Nh cc bn bit di tn 900 c tn s rt hn ch nn ch cu hnh 4/4/4 l tt nht.
Mi nh cung cp mng ch c dng khong 42 tn s. Nh vy cu hnh 4/4/4 ca
1 trm BTS dng mt 12 tn s ri. Vic dng cu hnh cao hn s rt kh cho vic
chn tn s ca cc trm neighbour -> s dn n nhiu ng knh. l l do m
ngi ta hi bn l ti a ch c 4 T x trong 1 cell. Nhng vi di tn 1800 th c
nhiu tn s hn nn vic chn cu hnh cho 1 trm c th cao hn nn n 12 TRx
cho 1 cell.
Theo mnh c bit l 1 TRX ch c 8 time slot (TS), nh vy 1 sector cu hnh 4 (
tc l gm 4 T X) th c 32 TS nhng tr 1 s TS cho knh BCCH, GPGS... th cn
khong 28 TS.
Nu l full rate th 1 sector ch phc v cng 1 lc l 28 TB, nu cu hnh ca trm l
4/4/4 th nhn 3 ln. Cn nu sector c khai half rate th phc v c 56 TB, tng
t nu c 3 sector u khai HR th trm s phc v cng 1 lc l 56x3 = 168 TB.
1) 1cell = 1sector. Nhiu ngi thng hiu sai trong cc hnh v v cell. trong hnh v
thng ngi ta v cc hnh lc gic u biu th cho 1 cell. v trm BTS khng
phi l t gia ci hnh lc gic , m t im giao nhau gia 3 hnh lc gic
lin k. Nn mi hnh lc gic l 1 cell hay 1 sector. cn 1site = 1 trm BTS ( c th c
1 , 2 hoc 3 sector l tu .)
2) Tnh ton vng ph thng ngi ta cn c vo a hnh, a chnh, khu dn c, c
im dn c tnh ra s trm BTS. Cng vic planning cng kh phc tp, mnh
mong cc bn ni thm v vn ny.
Mnh gii thch qua 1 cht v loi Antenna oc dng trong di ng. Mi ai antenna
u c 1 gi tr Beamwidth ( rng chm) nht nh Thng thng c 2 loi:
- Antenna omni c Beam l 360 deg( loi antenna v hng pht trn)
- Antenna sector( nh hng) c loi Beam = 65 , c loi Beam =90
Do 1 v ng ta ch c 360 m mi Beam di qut ca chng ta l 65 -> 90
ri t suy ra khi chng ta thit k trm BTSSD antenna Sector ch c 2 loai:
- 2 sector
- 3 sector
HPBW (Half-Power Beam Width) l rng bp sng na cng sut, l gc trn gin
hng (radiation pattern) ca antenna gia 2 tia hng knh m cng sut trn
hng ca cc tia bng 1/2 cng sut ca tia chnh gia (c cng sut ln nht).