MA TRN V NH THC

2
0

4
1

2
3

1
2

B =

0
2

ATA; AAT.

Tnh 3A 2B;
Bi 2: Cho A =

1
v
4

1
1

Bi 1: Cho A =

0
3

5
2

, B =

1 1 1

v C =
3 5 7

2 3

0 1

Tnh cc biu thc sau: A B; 2A; -3B; 2A 3B; ATC; C.A + B; (C.A)T 2BT.
Bi 3: Tm x, y, z v w bit rng:
Bi 4: Trong M2(C) cho cc ma trn:

6
x + y
x y
x
4
=
+

3
z w
1 2w
z + w

2 + 5i 2i
v C =
2i + 4 7 3i

B =

i +1 2 i

.
6i + 2 i 3

Tm A M2(C) sao cho 2A = 3B 2C.

Bi 5: Tnh cc tch sau:
1

a) 3
2

i
c)
2

6
2 2 5 6
5 0 2 3
3 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 2 5 ; b) 4 1 5 3 ; d) 2 1 2 2 1 1 ;
3 1 1 2 7
1 2 3 1 0 1
3 1 3 2

3
4
5
0
1
2i
3

2
3

1 1

4
2 2i .
1
i
1

1 2 1 2 3 1

e) 0 1 2 1 1 0
3 1 1 1 2 1

0 1 0

Bi 6: a) Cho A = 0 0 1 . Tnh A2, A3.

0 0 0

1 2 1

b) Tnh: 0 1 2
3 1 1

Bi 7: Tnh AB BA nu:

2 1

c)
1 3

1 1

d)
0 1

1 2 1

0 1 2
3 1 1

1 2
v B =
4
1

a) A =

2 3
;

4
1

2 3i 1

0 v B =
b) A = i 3 1
1
2 i 1

1 1 1

c) A = 0 1 1 v B =
0 0 1

1 2 2i + 1

2 ;
0 1
3 1 i +1

7 5 3

0 7 5 .
0 0 7

Bi 8: Tnh cc nh thc sau:

2 3 1
b) 3 4 2 ;
5 1 3

1 2
a)
;
3 4
2 1
7 10
d)
1 4
2 0

1 2
3
0
e)
4
1
2 3

4 6
2 2
;
8 1
5 0

7
2
0
g)
.
0
0

6
7
2
.
0
0

0
6
7
.
0
0

0
0
6
.
0
0

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

0
0
0
.
2
0

0
0
0
.
7
2

5
2
0
i)
.
0
0

3
5
2
.
0
0

0
3
5
.
0
0

0
0
3
.
0
0

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.

0
0
0
.
5
2

0
0
0
.
3
5

0
0
0
.
6
7

1 2 1

Bi 9: Cho: A = 1 2 2 v B =
2 5 2

4 1 3
c) 2 5 2 ;
3 2 1
5 3
2 1
0 5
4 1

a1 + b1
a +b
h) 2 1
.
a n + b1

x
1
f)
1
1

a1 + b2
a 2 + b2
.
a n + b2

.
.
.
.

1 1 1
x 1 1
1 x 1
1 1 x

. a1 + bn
. a 2 + bn
.
.
. a n + bn

2 1 3

1 2 2
2 1 2

Tnh cc nh thc sau: detA, debt, detA.B, det5.A, detA3.

Bi 10: Tm hng ca cc ma trn sau:

 1 1 1

a) A = 2 3 1
5 8 2

1
5 2 1

d) A = 11 4 1 2 ;
2 2 0 1

1 2 1

b) A = 2 6 0
4
2 2

1 2 3 4

c) A = 3 5 1 1
5 4 2 0

1 2 3 1 1

0 2
3 5 7
2 1 1

e) 2 5 8 4 3 ; g) A = 1 2 3 ;

1 3 5
0 4 2 7
6

1 1 1 1 2

0
1
3 2 1 2

0 3 0
2
4 1
f) A = 2 1 2 1 1 3 ; h) A =

3 9 1 6
3 1
3 1 5 7
2 7

1 1 3

1 0 2 ;
3 5 0

1 2 3 4

k) A = 2 4 6 8
3 6 9 12

Bi 11: Tm v bin lun hng ca ma trn sau theo tham s m K:

1 1 3

a) 2 1 m
1 m 3

m
5m
m

b) 2m m 10m
m 2m 3m

H PHNG TRNH TUYN TNH V NG DNG

Bi 1: Dng thut ton Gauss hoc Gauss-Jordan gii cc phng trnh sau:
2 x1 + x2 2 x3 = 10

a) 3x1 + 2 x2 + 2 x3 = 1
5 x + 4 x + 3 x = 4
2
3
1

x1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 7

b) 2x1 - x 2 + 4x 3 = 17
3x - 2x + 2x = 14
2
3
1

2 x1 + x2 3 x3 = 1

c) 5 x1 + 2 x2 6 x3 = 5
3x x 4 x = 7
3
1 2

x1 + 2 x2 x3 = 3

d) 2 x1 + 5 x2 4 x3 = 5
3x + 4 x + 2 x = 12
2
3
1

x1 +

e)
x1

x1 + 2x 2 + 3x 3 = 14
3x - 2x + x = 10
2
3
1
f) x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 6
2x + 3x - x = 5
2
3
1
x1 + x2 = 3

x2

= 7

x2 - x3 + x 4 = 5
x2 + x3 + x4 = 6
x2

- x 4 = 10

Bi 2: Gii cc h phng trnh tuyn tnh thun nht sau:

x1 + 2 x2 + x3 = 0

a) 2 x1 + 5 x2 x3 = 0
3x 2 x x = 0
2
3
1

x1 + x2 2 x3 + 3 x4 = 0

b) 2 x1 + 3x2 + 3x3 x4 = 0
5 x + 7 x + 4 x + x = 0
2
3
4
1

 x1 + x2 3x3 + 2 x4 = 0
x 2x x = 0

2
4
c) 1
x2 + x3 + 3x4 = 0
2 x1 3x2 2 x3 = 0

Bi 3: Cho h phng trnh:

2 x1 2 x2 + x3 = 0

d) 3x1 + x2 x3 = 0
x 3x + 2 x = 0
2
3
1
x1 + x2 x3 = 1

2 x1 + 3x2 + kx3 = 3
x + kx + 3x = 2
2
3
1

Xc nh tr s k K sao cho:
a) H phng trnh c nghim duy nht;
b) H khng c nghim
c) H c v s nghim
Bi 4: Gii cc h phng trnh sau bng cch p dng quy tc Cramer:
x1 + x2 2 x3 = 6

a) 2 x1 + 3x2 7 x3 = 16
5 x + 2 x + x = 16
2
3
1

3x1 + 2 x2 + x3 = 5

b) 2 x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 1
2 x + x + 3x = 11
3
1 2

x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 2
x + 2 x + 3x + 4 x = 2

2
3
4
c) 1
+
+
+
x
x
x
x
2
3
5
9
2
3
4 = 2
1
x1 + x2 + 2 x3 + 7 x4 = 2

2 x1 + z 2 + 5 x3 + x 4 = 5
x + x 3x 4 x = 1

3
4
d) 1 2
+

+
x
x
x
x4 = 8
3
6
2
2
3
1
2 x1 + 2 x 2 + 2 x3 3 x 4 = 2

Bi 5: Gii v bin lun theo tham s thc cc h phng trnh sau:

mx1 + x2 + x3 = 1

a) x1 + mx2 + x3 = m

2
x1 + x2 + mx3 = m

ax1 + x2 + x3 = 4

b) x1 + bx2 + x3 = 3
x + 2x + x = 4
2
3
1

Bi 6: Xt th trng c 3 loi hng ha. Bit hm cung v hm cu ca 3 loi hng

ha trn l:
QS1 = 18p1 - p2 - p3 - 45 ;

Qd1 = - 6p1 + 2p2 + 130

QS2 = - p1 + 13p2 - p3 - 10 ;

Qp2 = p1 - 7p2 + p3 + 220

QS3 = - p1 - p2 +10p3 - 15 ;

Qp3 = 3p2 - 5p3 + 215

Tm im cn bng th tng.
Bi 7: Xt th trng c 4 loi hng ha. Bit hm cung v hm cu ca 4 loi hng
ha trn l:
QS1 = 20p1 - 3p2 - p3 - p4 - 30 ;

Qp1 = - 11p1 + p2 + 2p3 + 5p4 + 115

QS2 = -2p1 + 18p2 - 2p3 - p4 - 50 ;

Qd2 = p1 - 9p2 + p3 + 2p4 + 250

QS3 = -p1 - 2p2 + 12p3 - 40 ;

Qd3 = p1 + p2 - 7p3 + 3p4 + 150

QS4 = -2p1 - p2 + 18p4 - 15 ;

Qd4 = p1 + 2p3 - 10p4 + 180

Tm im cn bng th trng.
Bi 8: Xt th trng c 3 loi hng ha. Bit hm cung v hm cu ca 3 loi hng
ha trn l:
QS1 = 11p1 - 2p2 - p3 - 20 ;

Qd1 = - 9p1 + p2 + p3 + 210

QS2 = - 2p1 + 19p2 - p3 - 50 ;

Qp2 = p1 - 6p2 + 135

QS3 = - 2p1 - p2 + 11p3 - 10 ;

Qd3 = 2p1 - 4p3 + 220

Tm im cn bng th tng.
Bi 9: Xt m hnh input output m gm 3 ngnh kinh t vi h s ma trn u vo
0,2 0,3 0,4

l: A = 0,3 0,2 0,1 v yu cu ca ngnh kinh t m i vi 3 ngnh kinh t l 22;

0,2 0,3 0,1

98; 56. Tm mc sn lng ca 3 ngnh kinh t trn.

Bi 10: Xt m hnh input output m gm 3 ngnh kinh t vi h s ma trn u
0,1 0,3 0,2

vo l: A = 0,4 0,2 0,3 . Tm mc sn lng ca 3 ngnh kinh t trn nu bit yu

0,2 0,3 0,1

cu ca ngnh kinh t m i vi 3 ngnh kinh t trn l 118; 52; 96.