Mo Phong Thang May Voi PLC s7-300

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Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi
Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com
I.
Mc lc
Mc lc.....................................................................................................................1
Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my..................................................2
I. Gii thiu thang my.............................................................................................2
II. Phn loi thang my............................................................................................5
1. Phn loi theo chc nng................................................................................5
2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn..................................................................6
3. Phn loi theo ti trng...................................................................................6
4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti..................................................................6
5. Theo h thng vn hnh.................................................................................6
III. Trang thit b c kh ca thang my....................................................................7
1. Tng th c kh thang my.............................................................................7
2. Thit b lp t trong bung my ...................................................................7
3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my.................................................................9
4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my......................................................9
5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang..........................................................10
5.1 Ray dn hng..........................................................................................10
5.2 Gim chn...............................................................................................10
6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan......................................................................10
6.1 Khung cabin............................................................................................10
6.2 Ngm dn hng.......................................................................................10
6.3 H thng treo ca bin................................................................................10
6.4 Bung cabin..........................................................................................11
6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng.............................................................11
7. H thng cn bng trong thang my..............................................................11
7.1 i trng.................................................................................................11
7.2 Xch v cp cn bng...............................................................................12
7.3 Cp nng..................................................................................................12
7.4 B ko ti................................................................................................12
8. Thit b an ton c kh..................................................................................13
8.1 Phanh hm in t : ................................................................................13
8.2 Phanh bo him : ................................................................................13
9. Cm bin v tr...............................................................................................14
IV. H thng mch in ca thang my..................................................................16
1. Mch ng lc:............................................................................................16
2. Mch iu khin:..........................................................................................16
3. Mch tn hiu:..............................................................................................17
4. Mch chiu sng: ........................................................................................17
5. Mch an ton:...............................................................................................17
Chng II: kho st c tnh ca thang my v cc yu cu iu khin...................17
a. Kho st c im ca thang...............................................................................17
b. Tnh chn cng sut ng c chuyn ng thang my ......................................21
c. Cc h truyn ng dng trong thang my..........................................................25
d. c im c trng cho ch lm vic ca h truyn ng thang my..............26
e. nh hng ca tc , gia tc v git i vi h truyn ng thang my.........27
f. Dng chnh xc bung thang...............................................................................28
g. h bin tn ng c v h thng iu khin pLc................................................32
Svth: Don Hong Mai
Lp: Trang b in-in t K44
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1. s khi ca h bin tn ng c .............................................................33

2. Gii thiu v bin tn 3g3mv ca omron......................................................33
1.1 t vn ................................................................................................33
1.2 Tng quan v bin tn 3G3MV v chc nng hot ng.......................34
2........................................................................................................................35
2.1 .................................................................................................................35
chng III: xy dng h thng iu khin v lp trnh iu khin thang my...........35
I. Phng php m t mch trnh t............................................................................35
II. Tng hp mch trnh t........................................................................................37
III. Xy dng cc khi chc nng chnh ca thang...................................................38
1. Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu ...............................39
2. bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang...........................................39
3. Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca bung thang(ang nng hay ang
h).......................................................................................................................39
4. Nng h bung thang...................................................................................39
5. iu khin dng bung thang......................................................................39
6. Bi ton ng m ca...................................................................................42
7. Bi ton iu khin n v qut bung thang................................................45
8. Bi ton x l cc s c xy ra i vi thang................................................45
IV. PLC ...................................................................................................................45
2.2 s tng qut ca PLC..........................................................................46
2.3 Cu trc b nh ca CPU.........................................................................49
2.4 Vng qut chng trnh..........................................................................51
2.4 K thut lp trnh......................................................................................52
2.5 Ngn ng lp trnh..................................................................................55
chng IV: xy dng m hnh m phng thang my................................................56
I. Xc nh cc vn s m phng.........................................................................56
II. Xy dng kt cu cho m hnh m phng............................................................56
III. Xy dng k hoch m phng v kim nghim trn thc t..............................56
Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my

I.
Gii thiu thang my
Thang my l thit b vn ti dng ch ngi v hng ho theo phng thng
ng hoc nghing mt gc nh hn 150 so vi phng thng ng theo mt tuyn
nh sn.Thang my v my nng c s dng rng ri trong cc ngnh sn xut ca
nn kinh t quc dn nh trong ngnh khai thc hm m,trong ngnh xy dng,luyn
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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kim,cng nghip nh nhng ni thang my v my nng c s dng vn

chuyn hng ho,sn phm,a cng nhn ti ni lm vic c cao khc nhauN
thay th cho sc lc ca con ngi v mang li nng sut cao.Hnh dng tng th
ca thang my c gii thiu ti hnh 1.
Hnh 1.1 : hnh dng tng th ca thang my

Trong sinh hot dn dng,thang my c lp t v s dng rng ri trong cc
to nh cao tng,trong cc khch sn,siu th,cng s v trong cc bnh vin.H
thng thang my gip con ngi tit kim c nhiu thi gian v sc lc
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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Nhiu quc gia trn th gii quy nh i vi cc to nh cao trn 6 tng tr ln
phi c trang b thang my m bo cho ngi i li thun tin,tit kim thi gian
v tng nng sut lao ng.Gi thnh ca thang my trang b cho cng trnh so vi
tng gi thnh cng trnh chim khong 6% n 7% l hp l.
Vit Nam trc y thang my ch yu c s dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip
ch hng ho v t c ph bin.Nhng trong giai on hin nay vi s pht trin
mnh m ca nn kinh t quc dn v i sng nhn dn ngy cng nng cao,vic s
dng thang my trong mi lnh vc ngy cng tng ln.
Ph ti ca thang my thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng ,n ph thuc vo lng
hnh khc i li trong mt ngy m v hng vn chuyn hnh khch.Nh thang my
lp t trong nh hnh chnh,bui sng u gi lm vic hnh khch i nhiu theo
chiu ln.cn bui chiu ,cui gi lm vic,hnh khch s i theo chiu xung nhiu.
Thang my l mt thit b vn chuyn i hi tnh an ton nghim ngt ,n lin
quan trc tip n ti sn v tnh mng con ngi ,v vy yu cu chung i vi h
thng thang my khi thit k ,ch to ,lp t ,vn hnh,s dng v sa cha l phi
tun th mt cch nghim ngt cc yu cu k thut an ton c quy nh trong cc
tiu chun, quy trnh, quy phm.
Thang my ch c cabin p ,sang trng,thng thong , m du th cha iu
kin a vo s dng m cn phi y cc thit b an ton, m bo tin cy
nh: in chiu sng d phng khi mt in,in thoi ni b(interphone), chung
bo,b hm bo him, an ton cabin(i trng), cng tc an ton ca ca cabin,kho
an ton ca tng, b cu h khi mt ngun in
La chn thang my khng ch n thun xem xt cc vn k thut m cn
phi xem xt c cc yu t kinh t .Hin nhin cng nhiu thang my c ti nh mc
ln,tc nh mc cao,h iu khin cng hin i th cng to iu kin thun li
cho khch hng s dng cng nh rt ngn thi gian ch i,gim thi gian i tc
nh mc,mt mt i hi vn u t cho thang ln,mt khc lm tng din tch chim
ch,tng chi ph xy dng cho ging thangNh vy iu kin thun li cho hnh
khch v vn u t lun l hai ch tiu t l nghch vi nhau.Qu trnh la chn thang
my chnh l qu trnh xc nh s thang,tnh nng k thut ca thang (ti ,tc
nh mc,phng php iu khin),cc kch thc c bn ca thang v v tr t
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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thang ph hp vi c im ,mc ch s dng ca to nh vi vn u t chp nhn c.

i vi nh s dng nhiu thang, bn cnh vic chn tnh nng k thut cn phi
b tr chng thnh nhm sao cho hp l tn dng nng sut ti u ca thang cng
nh to thun li cho khch.
i vi cc to nh cao tng c lng hnh khch cn vn chuyn ln ngi ta thng
chi thang my ra lm cc nhm ring phc v cc thnh phn khc nhau theo chiu
cao ca to nh.Cc thang my cc nhm khc nhau c th c tnh nng k thut
khc nhau,thng cc thang phc v cho cc tng cao c tI v tc nh mc ln
hn cc thang phc v phn thp hn.
II.
Phn loi thang my
Tu thuc vo tnh cht,chc nng ca thang my.Thang my c th phn loi
thnh rt nhiu loi tu thuc vo cc tnh cht.v d nh phn loi theo h dn ng
cabin,theo v tr t b ko ti,theo h thng vn hnh,theo cng dng.di y l
mt s phn loi:
1. Phn loi theo chc nng

+ Thang my ch ngi
Gia tc cho php c quy nh theo cm gic ca hnh khch :Gia tc ti u l a<
2m/s2
Thang my dng trong cc to nh cao tng : loi ny c tc trung bnh
hoc ln,i hi vn hnh m,an ton v c tnh m thut
Thang my dng trong bnh vin:Phi m bo rt an ton,s ti u v m
khi dch chuyn,thi gian dch chuyn ,tnh u tin ng theo cc yu cu ca
bnh vin..
Thang my dng trong cc hm m ,x nghip:p ng c cc iu c cc
iu kin lm vic nng n trong cng nghip nh tc ng ca mI trng lm
vic: m,nhit ,thi gian lm vic,s n mn
+ Thang my ch hng
c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip,trong kinh doanhN i hi cao v vic
dng chnh xc bung thang my m bo cho vic vn chuyn hng ho ln xung
thang my c d dng thun tin
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn.
Thang my tc thp : v < 1 m/s
Thang my tc trung bnh: v= 1 2,5 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh

c s tng t 6 12 tng.
Thang my tc cao:v =2,5 4 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh c s

tng mt >16 tng.
Thang my tc rt cao(Siu tc) : v = 5m/s. Thng dng trong cc

to thp cao tng.
3. Phn loi theo ti trng
Thang my loi nh :Q < 500 Kg.Hay dng trong th vin,trong cc nh

hng n ung vn chuyn sch hoc thc phm
Thang my loi trung bnh : Q = 500 1000 Kg.
Thang my loi ln : Q = 1000 1600 kg.
Thang my loi rt ln Q > 1600 Kg.
4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti

i vi thang my in
Thang my c b ko ti t pha trn ging thang.
Thang my c b ti ko t di ging thang .
i vi thang my dn ng cabin ln xung bng bnh rng thanh rng th b ti dn
ng t ngay trn nc cabin.
i vi thang my thu lc : Bung t ti tng trt .
5. Theo h thng vn hnh.

a) Theo mc d t ng :
+ loi na t ng
+ loi t ng ;
b ) theo t hp iu khin :
+ iu khin n ;
+ iu khin kp ;
+ iu khin theo nhm ;
c ) theo v tr iu khin :
+ iu khin trong cabin ;
+ iu khin ngoi cabin ;
+ iu khin c trong v ngoi cabin ;
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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III.
Trang thit b c kh ca thang my
1. Tng th c kh thang my
Cc thit b chnh ca thang my gm c : bung thang ,ti nng, cp treo
bung thang, i trng, ng c truyn ng, phanh hm in t v cc thit b iu
khin khc.
Tt c cc thit b ca thang my c trong ging bung thang (khong khng
gian t trn ca tng cao nht n mc su nht ca tng 1), trong bung my (trn
sn tng cao nht ) v h bung thang (di mc sn tng 1). B tr c thit b ca mt
thang my c biu din trn hnh 1.2.
Cc thit b thang gm c : 1. ng c in ; 2. Puli ; 3. Cp treo; 4. B hn
ch tc ; 5.Bung thang ; 6. Thanh dn hng ;7. H thng i trng ; 8. Tr c
nh ; 9. Puli dn hng ; 10. cp lin ng ; 11. Cp cp in ; 12. ng c ng
m ca bung thang.
2. Thit b lp t trong bung my

+ C cu nng
Trong bung my lp t h thng ti nng h bung thang (c cu nng) 1
(trn hnh 1.2) to ra lc ko chuyn ng bung thang v i trng.
C cu nng gm c cc b phn sau : b phn ko cp (puli hoc tang qun
cp ), hp gim tc , phanh hm in t v ng c truyn ng. Tt c cc b phn
trn c lp t trn tm bng thp. Trong thang my thng dng hai c cu nng
(hnh 1.3) :
-
c cu nng c hp tc (hnh 1.3 a)
c cu nng khng dng hp tc (hnh 1.3 b).
C cu nng khng c hp tc thng c s dng trong cc thang my tc

cao.
+ T in : trong t in lp rp cu dao tng, cu ch cc loi, cng tc t v
cc loi rle trung gian.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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+ Puli dn hng 2 (hnh 1.2).
Hnh 1.2 :cc thit b c kh lp trong thang.
+ B phn hn ch tc 4 (hnh 1.2) lm vic phi hp vi phanh bo him

bng cp lin ng 10 hn ch tc di chuyn ca bung thang
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3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my

+ Bung thang : Trong qu trnh lm vic, bung thang 5 (hnh 1.2) di chuyn
trong ging thang my dc theo cc thanh dn hng 6 (hnh 1.2). Trn nc bung
thang c lp t phanh bo him, ng c truyn ng ng - m ca bung thang 12
(hnh 1.2). Trong bung thang lp t h thng nt bm iu khin, h thng n bo,
n chiu sng bung thang, cng tc lin ng vi sn ca bung thang v in thoi
ln lc vi bn ngoi trong trng hp thang my mt in. Cung cp in cho bung
thang bng dy cp mm 11 (hnh 1.2).
+ H thng cp treo 3 (hnh 1.2) l h thng cp hai nhnh mt u ni vi
bung thang u cn li ni vi i trng 7 cng vi puli dn hng .
+ Trong ging ca thang my cn lp t cc b cm bin v tr dng
chuyn i tc ng c, dng bung thang mi tng v hn ch hnh trnh nng
h ca thang my.
4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my

Trong h ging thang my lp t h thng gim xc 8 (hnh 1.2) l h thng
gim xc dng l xo v gim xc thu lc trnh s va p ca bung thang v i
trng xung sn ca ging thang my trong trng hp cng tc hnh trnh hn ch
hnh trnh di chuyn xung b s c (khng hot ng).
Hnh 1.3 : C cu nng thang
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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5. Cc thit b c nh trong ging thang

5.1 Ray dn hng
Ray dn hng c lp t dc theo ging thang dn hng cho cabin v i
trng chuyn ng dc theo ging thang. Ray dn hng m bo cho cabin v i
trng lun nm v tr thit k ca chng trong ging thang v khng b dch chuyn
theo phng nm ngang trong qu trnh chuyn ng. Ngoi ra ray dn hng cn phi
cng vng trng lng ca cabin v ti trng trong cabin ta ln dn hng cng
cc thnh phn ti trng ng khi b hm bo him lm vic (trong trng hp b t
cp hoc cabin i xung vi tc ln hn gi tr cho php).
5.2 Gim chn

Gim chn c lp t di y h thang dng v cabin v i trng trong trng hp cabin hoc i trng chuyn ng xung di vt qu b tr t ca cng tc
hnh trnh cui cng. Gim chn phi c cao ln khi caibin hoc i trng t
ln n th c khong trng cn thit pha di ph hp cho ngi c trch nhim thc
hin kim tra, iu chnh, sa cha.
6. Cabin v cc thit b lin quan

Cabin l b phn mang ti ca thang my.Cabin phi c kt cu sao cho c th
tho ri n thnh tng b phn nh.Theo cu to,cabin gm 2 phn:kt cu chu
lc(khung cabin) v cc vch che, trn, sn to thnh bung cabin.Trn khung cabin
c lp cc ngm dn hng, h thng treo cabin, h thng tay n v b hm bo him,
h thng ca v c cu ng m ca.Ngoi ra,cabin ca thang my ch ngi phi
m bo cc yu cu v thng gi, nhit v nh sng.
6.1 Khung cabin

Khung cabin l phn xng sng ca cabin thang my. c cu to bng cc thanh
thp chu lc ln. Khung cabin phi m bo cho thit k chu ti nh mc.
6.2 Ngm dn hng

Ngm dn hng c tc dng dn hng cho cabin v i trng chuyn ng dc
theo ray dn hng v khng ch dch chuyn ngang ca cabin v i trng trong
ging thang khng vt qu gi tr cho php. C hai loi ngm dn hng : ngm trt(bc trt) v ngm con ln.
6.3 H thng treo ca bin

Do cabin v i trng c treo bng nhiu si cp ring bit cho nn phi c h
thng treo m bo cho cc si cp nng ring bit c cng nh nhau.Trong trng hp ngc li ,si cp chu lc cng ln nht s b qu ti cn si cp chng s trt
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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trn rnh puly ma st nn rt nguy him.Ngoi ra ,do c si chng si cng nn cc

rnh cp trn puly ma st s b mn khng u.V vy m h thng treo cabin phi c trang b thm tip im in ca mch an ton ngt in dng thang khi mt
trong cc si cp chng qu mc cho php phng nga tai nn.Khi thang ch c
th hot ng c khi iu chnh cng ca cc cp nh nhau.H thng treo cabin
c lp t vi dm trn khung ng trong h thng chu lc ca cabin.
6.4 Bung cabin

Bung cabin l mt kt cu c th tho ri c gm trn, sn v vch cabin.Cc
phn ny c lin kt vi nhau v lin kt vi khung chu lc ca cabin.Bung cabin
phi m bo c cc yu cu cn thit v mt k thut cng nh mt m thut
6.5 H thng ca cabin v ca tng

Ca cabin v ca tng l nhng b phn c vai tr rt quan trong trong vic m
bo an ton v c nh hng ln n cht lng, nng sut ca thang my.h thng ca
cabin v ca tng c thit k sao cho khi dng ti tng no th ch dng ng c m
ca bung thang ng thi h thng c kh gn ca bung thang lin kt vi ca tng
lm cho ca tng cng c m ra.Tng t khi ng li th h thng lin kt s khng
tc ng vo ca tng na m bung thang li di chuyn i n cc tng khc.
7. H thng cn bng trong thang my

i trng, cp nng, cp in, cp hoc xch cn bng l nhng b phn ca h
thng cn bng trong thang my cn bng vi vi trng lng ca cabin v ti trng
nng.Vic chn s ng hc v trng lng cc b phn ca h thng cn bng c
nh hng ln n mmen ti trng v cng sut ng c ca c cu dn ng, n lc
cng ln nht ca cp nng v kh nng ko ca puly ma st.
7.1 i trng
i trng l b phn ng vai tr chnh trong h thng cn bng ca thang
my.i vi thang my c chiu cao nng khng ln, ngi ta chn i trng sao cho
trng lng ca n cn bng vi trng lng ca cabin v mt phn ti trng nng ,cp
in v khng dng cp hoc xch cn bng.Khi thang my c chiu cao nng ln,
trng lng ca cp nng v cp in l ng k nn ngi ta phi dng cp hoc xch
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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cn bng b tr li phn ti trng ca cp in v cp nng chuyn t nhnh treo

cabin sang nhnh treo i trng v ngc li khi thang my hot ng.
7.2 Xch v cp cn bng

Khi thang my c chiu cao trn 45 m hoc trng lng cp nng v cp in c gi
tr trn 0,1 Q th ngi ta phi t thm cp hoc xch cn bng b tr li phn trng
lng ca cp nng v cp in chuyn t nhnh treo cabin sang nhnh treo i trng
v ngc li khi thang my hot ng, m bo mmen ti tng i n nh trn puly
ma st. Xch cn bng thng c dng cho thang my c tc di 1,4 m/s. i vi
thang my c tc cao, ngi ta thng dng cp cn bng v c thit b ko cng cp
cn bng khng b xon. Ti thit b ko cng cp cn bng phi c tip im in
an ton ngt mch iu khin ca thang my khi cp cn bng b t hoc b dn
qu ln v khi c s c vi thit b ko cng cp cn bng.
7.3 Cp nng
C cu to bng si thp cacbon tt c gii hn bn 1400 1800 N/mm2 .
Trong thang my thng dng t 3 n 4 si cp bn. Cp nng c chn theo iu
kin sau:
MAX
*n
Trong :
Smax - lc cng cp ln nht trong qu trnh lm vic ca thang my ;
Sd
- ti trng ph hng cp do nh ch to xc nh v cho trong bng cp
tiu chun tu thuc vo loi cp , ng knh cp v gii hn bn ca vt liu

si thp bn cp
n - h s an ton bn ca cp, ly khng nh hn gi tr quy nh trong tiu
chun, tu thuc vo tc , loi thang my v loi c cu nng.
7.4 B ko ti
Tu theo s dn ng m b ti ko c t trong phng my dn ng
nm pha trn, pha di hoc nm cnh ging thang. B ti ko dn ng in gm
c hp gim tc v loi khng c hp gim tc. i vi thang my c tc ln ngi
ta dng b ti ko khng c hp gim tc.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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8. Thit b an ton c kh
Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my c vai tr m bo an ton cho thang my

v hnh khch trong trng hp xy ra s c nh :t cp, cp trt trn rnh puly ma st,
cabin h vi tc vt qu gi tr cho php. Thit b an ton c kh trong thang my
gm c:
8.1 Phanh hm in t :
V kt cu, cu to, nguyn l hot ng ging nh phanh hm in t dng trong cc
c cu ca cu trc.
8.2 Phanh bo him :

( c mt s tn gi khc nh : phanh d hoc c cu t p). Chc nng ca phanh bo
him l hn ch tc di chuyn ca bung thang vt qu gii hn cho php v gi
cht bung thang ti ch bng cch p vo hai thanh dn hng trong trng hp b t
cp treo. V kt cu v cu to, phanh bo him c ba loi :
- Phanh bo him kiu nm dng hm khn cp.
- Phanh bo him kiu km (hnh 1.4) dng hm m.
- Phanh bo him kiu lch tm dng hm khn cp.
Phanh bo him lp t trn nc ca bung thang, hai gng km 2 trt dc theo hai
thanh dn hng 1. Nm gia hai cnh tay u ca gng km c nm 5 gn cht vi h
thng truyn lc trc vt v tang - bnh vt 4. H truyn lc bnh vt - trc vt c hai
dng ren : bn phi l ren phi, cn phn bn tri l ren tri. Khi tc ca bung
thang thp hn tr s gii hn ti a cho php, nm 5 hai u ca trc vt v tr xa
nht so vi tang - bnh vt 4, lm cho hai gn km 2 trt bnh thng dc theo thanh
dn hng 1. Trong trng hp tc ca bung thang vt qu gii hn cho php,
Hnh 1.4 Phanh hm bo him kiu km

1.thanh dn hng; 2. gng km; 3. dy cp lin ng c vi b hn ch tc ;
4. tang bnh vt ; 5. Nm.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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tang - bnh vt 4 s quay theo chiu ko di hai u nm 5 v pha mnh , lm cho

hai gng km 2 p cht vo thanh dn hng, kt qu s hn ch c tc di chuyn
ca bung thang v trong trng hp b t cp treo, s gi cht bung thang vo hai
thanh dn hng.
9. Cm bin v tr
Trong thang my v my nng, cc bn phn cm bin v tr dng :
- Pht lnh dng bung thang mi tng.
- Chuyn i tc ng c truyn ng t tc cao sang tc thp khi
bung thang n gn tng cn dng, nng cao dng chnh xc ca bung thang.
- Xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
Hin nay, trong s khng ch thang my v my nng thng dng ba loi
cm bin v tr :
+ Cm bin v tr kiu c kh(cng
tc chuyn i tng)
Hnh 1.5 Cm bin v tr kiu c kh
1. Tm cch in; 2. Tip im tnh;
3.Tip im ng ; 4. Cn gt; 5. Vng m
cao su
Cm bin v tr kiu c kh l mt
loi cng tc ba v tr. Khi bung thang di chuyn i ln, di tc dng ca vu gt (lp
mi tng) s gt tay gt sang bn phi, cp tip im 2 bn tri kn, khi bung thang
di chuyn theo chiu i xung, v tr tay gt bn tri, cp tip im 2 v tr gia, c
hai cp tip im 2 u h.
u im : c kt cu n gin, thc hin ba chc nng ca b phn cm
bin v tr.
Nhc im :
- Tui th lm vic khng cao, c bit l i vi thang my tc cao
- Gy ting n ln, gy nhiu cho cc thit b v tuyn.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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+ Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng (hnh 1.6).
Hnh 1.6. Cm bin v tr kiu cm ng

a)Cu to ca cm bin ;b) S nguyn t ca b cm bin.
1.Mch t ; 2. Cun dy ; 3. Tm st ch TS
i vi thang my tc cao, nu dng b cm bin kiu c kh, lm gim
tin cy trong qu trnh lm vic. Bi vy trong cc s khng ch thang my tc
cao thng dng cc b cm bin khng tip im: kiu cm ng, kiu in dung v
kiu quang in.
Nguyn l lm vic ca cm bin kiu cm ng v tr da trn s thay i tr s
in cm (L) ca cun dy c mch t khi mch t kn v mch t h.
Cu to ca b cm bin v tr kiu cm ng (hnh 1.6a) gm mch in t 1,
cun dy 2. Khi mch t h, in tr ca b cm bin bng in tr thun ca cun
dy, cn khi mch t b che kn bng thanh thp ch U (3), in tr cm bin s tng
t bin do thnh phn in cm (L) ca cun dy tng.
S nguyn l ca b cm bin kiu cm ng c gii thiu trn hnh 3.31a.
B cm bin c th u ni trc tip vi rle trung gian RTr mt chiu hoc rle trung
gian xoay chiu. Khi mch t h, do in tr ca cm bin rt nh, rle trung gian
RTr tc ng, cn khi mch t kn, do in tr ca cm bin rt ln rle trung gian
RTr khng tc ng. nng cao tin cy lm vic ca rle trung gian, u t C
song song vi cun dy ca b cm bin. Tr s in dung ca t C c la chn sao
Svth: Don Hong Mai
15
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cho khi thanh st 3 che kn mch t ca b t cm bin s to c ch cng hng

dng. Thng thng b cm bin CB c lp thnh ging ca thang my, thanh st
ng lp bung thang.
+ Cm bin v tr kiu quang in
(hnh 7)
Hnh 1.7 Cm bin v tr kiu
quang in
B cm bin v tr dng hai phn
t quang in, cu to ca n c gii
thiu trn hnh 1.7a. Cu to ca n gm
khung gi ch U (thng lm bng vt
liu khng kim loi). Trn khung cch
in g lp hai phn t quang in 2 i
din nhu : mt phn t pht quang (it pht quang F) v mt phn t thu quang
( transito quang). nng cao tin cy ca b cm bin khng b nh hng sng
ca mi trng thng dng phn t pht quang v thu quang hang ngoi. Thanh gt 3
di chuyn gia khe h ca khung g cc phn t quang din.
S nguyn l ca b cm bin kiu quang in gii thiu trn hnh 1.7b.
Nguyn l lm vic ca b cm bin kiu quang in nh sau: khi bung thang
cha n ng tng, nh sng cha b che khut, transito quang TT thng, transito T1
kho v transito T2 thng, rle trung gian RTr tc ng, cn khi bung thang n
ng tng, nh sng b che khut, TT kho, T1 thng, T2 kho, rle trung gian RTr
khng tc ng.
IV.
H thng mch in ca thang my
1. Mch ng lc:
l h thng iu khin c cu dn ng thang my ng m,o chiu c cu dn
ng v phanh ca b ti ko. H thng phi m bo vic iu chnh tc chuyn
ng ca cabin sao cho qu trnh m my v phanh c m du v dng cabin chnh
xc.
2. Mch iu khin:
L h thng iu khin tng c tc dng thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin phc
tp, ph hp vi chc nng yu cu ca thang my,H thng iu khin tng c
Svth: Don Hong Mai
16
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nhim v:lu tr cc lnh di chuyn t cabin, cc lnh gi tng ca hnh khch v thc
hin cc lnh di chuyn hoc dng theo mt th t u tin no ,sau khi thc hin
xong lnh iu khin th xo b ,xc nh v ghi nhn thng xuyn v tr cabin v hng chuyn ng ca n.Tt c cc h thng iu khin t ng u dng nt n.
3. Mch tn hiu:
l h thng cc n tn hiu vi cc k hiu thng nht ho bo hiu
trng thi ca thang my, v tr v hng chuyn ng ca cabin.
4. Mch chiu sng:

l h thng n chiu sng cho cabin,bung my v h thang
5. Mch an ton:
l h thng cc cng tc, r le ,tip im nhm m bo an ton cho ngi , hng
ho v thang my khi hot ng, c th l:bo v qu ti cho ng c, thit b hn ch
ti trng nng,cc cng tc hnh trnh,cc tip im ti ca cabin, ca tng, ti h treo
cabin v ti b hn ch tc , cc r leMch an ton ngt t ng ngt in n
mch ng lc dng thang hoc thang khng hot ng c trong cc trng hp
sau:
- mt in,mt pha, o pha, mt ng tip t
- qu ti
- cabin vt qu gii hn t cng tc hn ch hnh trnh.
- t cp hoc tc h cabin vt qa gi tr cho php(b hn ch tc v b
hm bo him lm vic)
-mt trong cc cp nng chng qu gii hn cho php.
- ca cabin hoc mt trong cc ca tng cha ng hn.
Chng II: kho st c tnh ca thang my v cc yu

cu iu khin
b. Kho st c im ca thang
Ph ti thang my thay i trong mt phm vi rt rng, n ph thuc vo lng
hnh khch i li trong mt ngy m v hng vn chuyn hnh khch. V d nh
Svth: Don Hong Mai
17
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thang my lp t trong nh hnh chnh, bui sng u gi lm vic, hnh khch i

nhiu nht theo chiu nng, cn bui chiu cui gi lm vic s l lng hnh khch
nhiu nht i theo chiu xung. Bi vy , khi thit k thang my phi tnh cho ph ti
xung cc i.
thun tin cho vic chn thang ngi ta phn cc loi nh theo mc ch s dng
thnh cc nhm c bn sau:
-
Nh hnh chnh:
Nh :
Khch sn:
Bnh vin
Trong mi nhm li c th c chia nh c th chn thang my c tnh nng
k thut ph hp hn.
V d nhm nh hnh chnh c th phn thnh nh hnh chnh thun ty(c quan
b,c quan hnh chnh s nghip) v nhm nh hnh chnh c kt hp vi sn
xut,nghin cu khoa hc
D cc to nh cng nh chng loi thang rt l a dng ,song mc ch vic chn
thang nh trn nu phi tho mn c cc yu cu vn chuyn s hnh khch
trong thi gian nht nh m khng phi ch lu cng nh phi trong cabin qu
lu.Thc t lng hnh khch thay i cn vn chuyn li thay i khng theo quy
lut nht nh,m thay i theo nhng gi khc nhau trong ngy tu theo tnh cht
,c im , mc ch s dng ca to nh.im chung ca s thay i ny c nhng
gi cn vn chuyn nhiu hnh khch c gi l gi cao im.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
18
n tt nghip
Gi lm vic 9h
th t l hnh khc ti
gi cao im
nng sut vn chuyn
trong 5 pht
nng sut trong 45 pht
nng sut trong 1h
1
2
3
Tt nhin gi cao im vi tng loi to nh cng khc nhau.v d nh hnh v trn

xc nh hnh khch ti gi cao im trong to nh thng mi c gi lm vic bt u
t 9h sng.
Vic phn tch dng hnh khch ti gi cao im s thy l mt bc khng th b
qua khi la chn thang my song kh nng vn chuyn hnh khch nh nu trn cha
phn nh y cht lng phc v ca thang c th hin bng thi gian hnh khch
phi ch i bn chnh ti gi cao im,nn khi chn thang c hai ch tiu v kh
nng vn chuyn (hay cn gi l nng sut vn chuyn) v cht lng phc v phi c
phn tch y tm gii php hp l.
Lu lng hnh khch i thang my trong thi im cao nht c tnh trong thi
gian 5 pht, c tnh theo biu thc sau:
Q5 =
A( N a)i
trong :
N *100
A-tng s ngi lm vic trong ngi nh

N - s tng ca ngi nh
a - s tng m ngi lm vic khng s dng thang my (thng ly a = 2)
i
- ch s cng vn chuyn hnh khch , c trng cho s lng khch (biu
100
din di dng %) khi i ln hoc xung trong thi gian 5 .
Svth: Don Hong Mai
19
n tt nghip
i lng Q5 ph thuc vo tnh cht ca ngi nh m thang my phc v : i vi
nh chung c Q5 % = (4 6)% ;khch sn Q5% = (7 10) %; cng s Q5 % = (20

30) %.
Nng sut vn chuyn hnh khch
Vic xc nh chnh xc s lng hnh khch cn vn chuyn bng thang my

(hoc mt nhm thang my) trong ngy cho to nh nhn chung l khng th thc
hin c, v vy khi xc nh nng sut vn chuyn hnh khch t xc nh
trng ti nh mc ca thang, ngi ta quy c tnh tnh nng sut cn thit ca thang t
t s i l t s gia lng ln nht hnh khch cn vn chuyn trong nm pht ti gi
cao im v s lng hnh khch ti ch trong to nh.
Nng sut ca thang my theo mt hng trn mt n v thi gian v c tnh theo
biu thc sau :
3600 * E
P = 2H
(2.1)
+ tn
v
Trong : P - l nng sut ca thang my tnh cho 1 gi;

E - trng ti nh mc ca thang my (s lng ngi i c cho 1
ln vn chuyn ca thang my);
- h s lp y ph ti ca thang my ;
- chiu cao nng (h) , m;
- tc di chuyn ca bung thang ,m/s;
- tng thi gian khi thang my dng mi tng (thi gian ng ,

m ca bung thang , ca tng , thi gian ra, vo ca hnh
khch) v thi gian tng, gim tc bung thang ;
= (t1 +t2 +t3)(md + 1) + t4 + t5 + t6
Trong : t1 - thi gian tng tc ;

t2 - thi gian gim tc ;
t3 - thi gian ng m ca ;
t4 - thi gian i vo ca mt hnh khch ;
t5 - thi gian i ra ca mt hnh khch ;
t6 - thi gian khi bung thang ch khch n chm ;
Svth: Don Hong Mai
20
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md - s ln dng ca bung thang (tnh theo xc sut)
S ln dng md (tnh theo xc sut c th xc nh da trn th hnh 3.26)

Hnh 3.26 th xc nh
s ln dng(tnh theo
xc sut) ca bung
thang.
Md - s ln dng; mt s
tng ;
E - s ngi trong bung
thang.
Theo biu thc (2.1) ta thy rng nng sut ca thang my t l thun vi trng ti
ca bung thang E v t l nghch vi
,c bit l i vi thang my c trng ti
ln.
Cn h s lp y ph thuc ch yu vo cng vn chuyn hnh khch thng
ly bng :
= ( 0,6 0,8)
c. Tnh chn cng sut ng c chuyn ng thang

my
xc nh c cng sut ng c truyn ng di chuyn bung thang (ca
thang my) cn phi c cc iu kin thng s sau :
- S ng hc ca c cu nng ca thang my.
- Tr s tc v gia tc gii hn cho php.
- Trng ti ca thang my.
- Khi lng ca bung thang v i trng (nu c).
- Ch lm vic ca thang my.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
21
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Tnh chn cng sut ng c thc hin theo cc bc sau :

- Chn s b cng sut ng c da trn cng sut cn tnh.
- Xy dng biu ph ti ton phn c tnh n ph ti trong cc ch qu
.
- Kim tra cng sut ng c chn theo iu kin pht nhit (theo phng
php dng in ng tr hoc mmen ng tr).
Cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng ti khng dng i trng c tnh
theo biu thc sau :
Pc =
(G + G ).v.g *
bt
10
[ kW ]
(2.2)
Trong : G - khi lng ca hng ho, kg;
G - khi lng ca bung thang, kg ;

bt
v - tc nng hng, m/s ;

- hiu sut ca c cu nng (thng ly bng = 0,5 0.8) ;
g - gia tc trng trng, m/ s
Khi c i trng, cng sut cn tnh khi nng ti ca ng c c tnh theo

biu thc :
cn
(G
bt
) 1 G
bt
. . v. k . g .10
[ kW ]
(2.3)
v khi h ti :
ch
(G + G )
Trong :
bt
cn
dt
1
3
. v . k . g .10
[ kW ]
(2.4)
- cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi nng c dng i trng,
kW ;
ch
- cng sut cn tnh ca ng c khi h c dng i trng, kW ;
Svth: Don Hong Mai
22
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k - h s c tnh n ma st trong cc thanh dn hng ca bung thang v i

trng (thng chn k = 1,15 1,3);
dt
- khi lng ca i trng, kg.
Khi tnh chn khi lng ca i trng G, lm sao cho khi lng ca n cn
bng c vi khi lng ca bung thang G v mt phn khi lng ca hng ho G.
Khi lng ca i trng c tnh theo biu thc sau :
G =G
dt
bt
G [ kg ]
(2.5)
Trong : - h s cn bng, tr s ca n thng ly bng = 0.3 0.6.

Phn ln cc thang my ch khch ch vn hnh y ti trong nhng gi cao
im, thi gian cn li lun lm vic non ti nn nn thng ly bng : = 0.34 0.5
i vi thang my ch hng khi nng thng lm vic y ti, cn khi h thng
khng ti (G = 0) nn chn = 0,5.
Da trn hai biu thc (2.2) v (2.3) c th xy dng biu ph ti (n gin
ho) ca ng c truyn ng v chn s b cng sut ng c trong cc s tay tra
cu.
xy dng biu ph ti ton phn (biu ph ti chnh xc) cn phi
tnh n thi gian tng tc, thi gian hm ca h truyn ng, thi gian ng, m ca
bung thang v ca tng, s ln dng ca bung thang, thi gian ra, vo bung thang
ca hnh khch trong thi gian cao im. Thi gian ra vo ca hnh khch thng ly
bng 1s cho mt hnh khch. S ln dng ca bung thang (tnh theo xc sut) md c tnh chn da trn cc ng cong trn hnh 3.26.
Mt khc khi tin hnh xy dng biu ph ti ton phn cng cn phi tnh
n mt s yu t khc ph thuc vo ch vn hnh v iu kin khai thc thang
my nh : thi gian ch khch, thi giant hang my lm vic vi tc thp khi n
tng gn dng, v.v
Khi tnh chn chnh xc cng sut ng c truyn ng thang my cn phn
bit haich ca ti trng : ti trng ng u (hu nh khng i) v tI trng bin
i.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
23
n tt nghip
Phng php tnh chn cng sut ng c vi ch ti trng ng u thc
hin theo cc bc sau :

1)Tnh lc ko ca cp t ln vnh bnh ngoi ca puli ko cp trong c cu
nng, khi bung thang cht y ti ng tng 1 v cc ln dng theo d kin.
F = (G + G G k G ) g
bt
Trong :
G
k
[N]
(2.6)
- s ln dng theo d kin ca bung thang ;
G
G
dt
- thay i ca ti trng sau mi ln dng, kg thng ly bng
; trong
- s ln dng bun thang (theo d kin) c xc nh trn
dng cong hnh 3.26.

2)Tnh mmen theo lc ko
F .R
i
F .R
i
Vi F > 0
[N]
[N]
Vi F < 0
Trong : R - bn knh ca puli ko cp, m ;

i
- t s truyn ca c cu nng ;
- hiu sut ca c cu nng.
3)Tnh tng thi gian hnh trnh nng v h ca bung thang bao gm : Thi gian
bung thang di chuyn vi tc n nh, thi gian tng tc, thi gian hm v thi
gian ph khc (thi gian ng, m ca, thi gian ra, vo bung thang ca hanh
khch).
4)Da trn kt qu ca cc bc tnh ton trn, tnh mmen ng tr v tnh cng
sut ca ng c bo m tha mn iu kin
M M
dtr
5)Xy dng biu ph ti ton phn ca h truyn ng c tnh n qu trnh

qu , tin hnh kim nghim ng c theo dng in ng tr.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
24
n tt nghip
i vi ch ph ti khng ng u (bin i), cc bc tnh chn cng sut
ng c truyn ng tin hnh theo cc bc trn. Nhng tnh lc ko t ln puli

ko cp phi c biu thay i ca ti trng theo tng tng mt khi bung thang di
chuyn ln v xung.
d. Cc h truyn ng dng trong thang my
Khi thit k, tnh chn h truyn ng cho thang my phi da trn cc yu cu
chnh sau :
-
dng chnh xc ca bung thang.
Tc di chuyn ca bung thang.
Tr s gia tc ln nht cho php.
Phm vi iu chnh tc yu cu.
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b (rto lng sc v r to
dy qun ) c s dng truyn ng cc loi thang my v my nng c tc

thp v trung bnh.
-
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc thng

dng trong thang my tc thp .
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto dy qun thng

dng cho cc loi thang my trng ti ln, cho php cht lng ca h thng
truyn ng khi tng tc v gim tc, nng cao chnh xc khi dng.
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc hai cp

tc (c hai b dy qun stato c lp ni theo s hnh sao ) thng dng
trong cc thang my tc trung bnh. S i cc ca dy qun stato ng c
thng chn l : 2p = 6 2p = 24 hoc 2p = 4 2p = 20, tng ng vi tc
ng b ca ng c bng : n0 =1000/250 vng/pht hoc 1500/300 vng/
pht.
H truyn ng xoay chiu vi ng c khng ng b rto lng sc c cp

ngun t b bin tn thng dng trong cc thang my tc cao (khi v>1,5 m/
s) , cho php hn ch c gia tc v git trong gii hn cho php v t
chnh xc khi dng rt cao ( S 5 mm )
H truyn ng mt chiu thng dng cho cc thang my tc cao
( v 1,5 m/s). Thng dng hai h truyn ng sau:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
25
n tt nghip
H F - c khuych i trung gian lm ngun cung cp cho cun kch t ca
my pht .( Khuych i trung gian c th l my in khuych i hoc khuch i

t ).
- H T - , my pht mt chiu c thay th bng b chnh lu dng tiristo.
- Khi chn ng c truyn ng thang my phi da trn s ng hc ca c
cu nng. i vi thang my v my nng khi dng c cu c hp tc , thng dng
loi ng c xoay chiu kiu A2, AO2 ; ng c khng ng b c h s trt cao kiu
AC, AOC ; ng c hai cp tc v ng c rto dy qun kiu AK.
i vi thang my tc cao ( V >1,5 m/s), khi dng c cu nng khng c hp
gim tc thng chn loi ng c tc chm. Cc nh my ch to in c ch
to ra loi ng c mt chiu chuyn dng cho thang my vi cng sut P = (28
40)kW v tc nh mc n = 83 vng/pht.
e. c im c trng cho ch lm vic ca h
truyn ng thang my
Thang my thng c lp t trong mi trng kh l khc nghit. Phng my thng c t thng c t ti nh ca to nh v vy my nhit ca phng my
thng cao.Ch lm vic ca ng c l ngn hn lp li vi tn s ng ct in
ln, m my , hm dng lin tc.Do nhng c th trn, ngnh cng nghip ch to
my in sn xut cc loi ng c chuyn dng cho thang my. Cc loi ng c
l : ng c KB ba pha r to lng sc, r to dy qun, ng c in mt chiu kch
t song song hoc ni tip
f. nh hng ca tc , gia tc v git i vi h
truyn ng thang my
Hinh 3
th
biu din
s ph
thuc
ca
qung -
ng S,
tc v ,
gia tc a
git
theo thi
gian
Mt
trong nhng yu cu c bn i vi h thng truyn ng thang my l phi m bo
Svth: Don Hong Mai
26
n tt nghip
cho bung thang di chuyn m. Bung thang di chuyn m hay khng, ph thuc ch
yu vo tr s gia tc ca bung thng khi m my v hm dng. Nhng tham s
chnh c trng cho ch lm vic ca thang my l : tc di chuyn bung thang v
2
[m/s], gia tc a [m/ s ] v git
[m/ s ]. Trn hnh 3.33 biu din cc ng cong
: qung ng i ca thang my S, tc v, gia tc a, v git theo hm thi gian t.

T biu thc (3.20) ta rt ra nhn xt rng : tr s tc di chuyn bung thang
quyt nh nng sut ca thang my, tr s tc di chuyn c bit c ngha quan
trng i vi thang my trong cc nh cao tng. Nhng thang my tc cao (v > 3,5
m/s) ph hp vi chiu cao nng ln, s ln dng
(m )
t. Trong trng hp ny thi
gian khi tng tc v gim tc rt nh so vi thi gian di chuyn ca bung thang vi

tc cao, tr s tc trung bnh ca thang my gn t bng tc nh mc ca
thang my.
Mt khc, cn phi nh rng, tr s tc di chuyn ca bung thang t l
thun vi gi thnh ca thang my. Nu tng tc ca thang my t v = 0,75 m/s ln
v = 3,5 m/s, gi thnh ca thang my tng ln (4 5) ln. Bi vy tu thuc vo
cao cu nh m thang my phc v chn tr s di chuyn ca thang my ph hp
vi tc ti u, p ng y cc ch tiu kinh t v k thut.
Tr s tc di chuyn trung bnh ca thang my c th tng bng cch gim
thi gian tng tc v gim tc ca h truyn ng thang my, c ngha l tng gia
tc. Nhng khi bung thang di chuyn vi gia tc qu ln s gy ra cm gic kh chu
cho hnh khch (chng mt, c cm gic s hi v nght th v.v). Bi vy, tr s gia
2
tc c chn ti u l a 2 m/ s .
Mt i lng khc quyt nh s di chuyn m ca bung thang l tc tng
ca gia tc khi m my v tc gim ca gia tc khi hm my. Ni cch khc l
git (o hm bc nht ca gia tc
2
2m/ s , tr s git ca tc ti u l
Svth: Don Hong Mai
27
da = d v = d S
=
dt d t d t
3
). Khi gia tc a <
< 20m/ s .
n tt nghip
Biu lm vic ti u ca thang my vi tc trung bnh v tc cao c
biu din trn hnh 3.33. Biu ny c th phn thnh 5 giai on theo tnh cht thay
i tc di chuyn bung thang : tng tc, di chuyn vi tc n nh, hm
xung tc thp, bung thang n tng v hm dng.
Biu ti u (hnh 3.33) s t c nu dng h truyn ng mt chiu hoc
dng h bin tn - ng c xoay chiu. Nu dng h truyn ng xoay chiu vi
ng c khng ng b rto lng sc hai cp , biu lm vic t gn vi biu
ti u nh hnh 3.33.
i vi thang my tc chem., biu lm vic c 3 giai on : thi gian tng tc
(m my), di chuyn vi tc n nh v hm dng.
g. Dng chnh xc bung thang
Bung thang ca thang my cn phi dng chnh xc so vi mt bng ca sn
tng cn n sau khi hm dng.
Nu bung thang dng khng chnh xc s gy ra cc hin tng bt li sau :
- i vi thang my ch khch, lm cho hnh khch ra vo bung thang kh
khn hn, tng thi gian ra, vo dn n gim nng sut ca thang my.
- i vi thang my ch hng gy kh khn trong vic bc v xp d hng
ha. Trong mt s trng hp khng thc hin c vic bc xp, d hng ho.
khc phc hu qu , c th n nhp cc nt bm n tng (T) lp trong
bung thang t chnh xc deng bung thang theo yu cu, nhng n s dn n
cc vn khng c li sau :
- Hng cc thit b iu khin.
- Gy tn tht nng lng trong h truyn ng, nu dng ng c khng ng
b rto lng sc truyn ng thang my s dn n gy ra s pht nng ca ng c
qu gii hn cho php.
- Gy hng cc thit b c kh ca thang my.
- Tng thi gian t lc phanh hm tc ng cho n khi bung thang dng
hn.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
28
n tt nghip
dng chnh xc ca bung thang c nh gi bng i lng
(hnh
3.34).
hnh 3.34 a) S xc nh chnh xc khi dng bung thang ; b) S ph

thuc ca dng chnh xc S ca bung thang vo tr s tc v gia tc
ng 1
MAX
= 1 m / s ; ng 2
MAX
= 2 m / s ; ng 3
MAX
= 3 m/s
l mt na hiu s ca hai qung ng cu bung thang trt I c t khi
phanh hm in t tc ng n khi bung thang dng hn khi c ti v khng c ti

theo cng mt hng di chuyn ca bung thang. Cc yu t nh hng n dng
chnh xc ca bung thang gm : mmen do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra,
mmen qun tnh ca bung thang v ti trng, tr s tc di chuyn bung thang
khi bt u hm dng v mt s yu t ph khc.
Qu trnh hm dng bung thang xy ra nh sau : Khi bung thang i gn n
snm tng cn dng, s tc ng vo cm bin v tr (cng tc chuyn i tng) ra ln
dng bung thang. Cc thit b chp hnh trong s iu khin thang my (rle,
cng tc t) c thi gian tc ng l t (qun tnh in t ca phn t chp hnh),
trong qung thi gian , bung thang i c qung ng S cho n khi phanh hm
in t tc ng l :
Svth: Don Hong Mai
29
n tt nghip
S'= v t
[m]
Trong :
(2.7)
- tr s di chuyn cu bung thang khi bt u hm, m/s.
Sau khi phanh hm in t tc ng (m phanh ca phanh hm in t p cht

vo trc ng c truyn ng) l qu trnh hm dng bung thang. Trong thi gian nt
bung thang i c mt qung ng l
S' .
mv
S '' = (
2 F F
0
ph
[m]
(2.8)
Trong : m l khi lng tt c cc khu chuyn ng ca thang my, kg ;
ph
- lc p do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra (N) ;

- lc cn tnh do ti trng gy ra (N).
Du (+) hoc du (-) trong biu thc (3.29) tu thuc vo ch lm vic

bung thang : Khi hm (+), khi chuyn ng (-).
Biu thc (3.29) c th vit i dng khc nh sau :
D
2
S '' = (
2i M M
J
ph
[m]
(2.9)
- mmen qun tnh quy i v trc ng c truyn ng, kgm2 ;
Trong : J
Mph, Mc -mmen do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra v m

men cn tnh do ti trng gy ra , N.m ;
- tc gc ca ng c khi bt u hm dng, rad/s ;
- ng knh ca puli ko cp , m;
- t s truyn.
Qung ng bung thang i c t khi cm bin v tr ra lnh dng n khi bung

thang dng ti sn tng dng bng :
'
"
S = v t +
Svth: Don Hong Mai
2
0
2i ( M ph
30
D
2
)
C
[ m]
( 2.10)
n tt nghip
B cm bin v tr c t cch sn tng mt khong cch no hiu s ca

hai qung ng ca bung thang i c y ti v khi khng ti chia i thnh hai
phn bng nhau so vi mc ca sn tng . Sai s ln nht ( dng khng chnh xc
ln nht ) c tnh theo biu thc sau :
MAX
[ m]
( 2.11)
Trong : S1 - qung ng trt nh nht ca bung thang ;

S2 - qung ng trt ln nht ca bung thang ;
Phn tch biu thc (3.31) ta rt ra kt lun : cc thng s nh hng n chnh
xc khi dng bung thang gm :
-
J m men qun tnh ca cc phn t chuyn ng ca bung thang .
t qun tnh in t ca cc phn t chp hnh trong s iu khin ca
thang my.
-
Mph ,MC m men do c cu phanh hm in t sinh ra v ti trng ca thang

my .
i vi mt thang my , ba thng s trn c th coi nh khng i

Mt thng s quan trng nht nh hng n dng chnh xc ca bung thang l
i lng V0 (tc di chuyn ca bung thang khi bt u hm dng ). nng
cao chnh xc dng bung thang i vi thang my dng, gim tc di
chuyn ca bung thang khi b cm bin v tr cho lnh dng bung thang.
nh gi chnh xc dng bung thang S ph thuc vo tc V0 v gia tc
ca bung thang , c th kho st theo ng cong trn hnh 3.34b. i vi thang
my, khng chnh xc khi dng bung thang cho php l:
MAX
20 mm
h. h bin tn ng c v h thng iu khin pLc
Svth: Don Hong Mai
31
n tt nghip
1. s khi ca h bin tn ng c
Ngun d phng
H thng rle
H thng ph tr
PLC
cc cm
bin u
vo
iu khin trung tm
Bin tn
ng c nng h
phanh
Bin tn
ng c ng m ca
2. Gii thiu v bin tn 3g3mv ca omron

1.1 t vn .
thay i tc ng c khng ng b ba pha mt cch bng phng tuyn tnh
trong phm vi rng, cn ngun xoay chiu c th thay i c tn s ngi ta s dng
h thng bin tn. Bin tn 3G3MV p ng c tiu chun chu u EC v UL/CUL
cho vic lu hnh trn ton th gii. V vy khi s dng bin tn 3G3MV ca omron
m bo c s lm vic n nh, mc tin cy cao, cho php phm vi iu chnh
rng, lm vic an ton.v.v.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
32
n tt nghip
1.2 Tng quan v bin tn 3G3MV v chc nng hot ng.
Hnh 2.1: Bin tn 3G3MV

Bin tn 3G3MV c th hot ng ch c bn v c cc chc nng hot
ng cao cp. i vi cc chc nng hot ng c bn ta phi ci t y cc
thng s cho n nh la chn ch hot ng ph hp, ch iu khin c la
chn l ti ch hay t xa ... Cn i vi cc chc nng hot ng cao cp ta c th t
tn s mang, pht hin qu momen, b momen v b trt...
Cc chc nng hot ng c bn.
- t ch iu khin (n002).
- t ch ti ch/t xa (n004 v n008).
-La chn lnh hot ng.
- t tn s chun...
. Cc chc nng hot ng cao cp.
- t tn s mang (n046).
- Chc nng phanh hm DC.
- Chng tt tc .
- Chc nng pht hin qu momen.
- Chc nng b momen.
- Chc nng b trt.
- iu khin tit kim nng lng.
- Truyn thng.
- Chc nng PID...
Svth: Don Hong Mai
.
33
n tt nghip
2.1
i.
chng III: xy dng h thng iu khin v lp trnh

iu khin thang my
I.
Phng php m t mch trnh t
C nhiu phng php m t thng c dng trong phn tch v tng hp mc
trnh t. l cc phng php bng chuyn trng thi,phng php hnh trng thi
( hnh Mealy v hnh Moore), phng php lu nhng ta ch xt phng php
bng chuyn trng thi l n gin v d xt nht vi phng php ny th cc trng
thi u ra ca ta s c t hp bi cc trng thi u vo.Sau y l ni dung ca phng php bng chuyn trng thi
Phng php ny m t qu trnh chuyn i trng thi di hnh thc bng.
Trong bng hnh 1 di bao gm:
-
Cc ct ca bng ghi cc bin vo v cc bin ra.Cc tn hiu vo l cc tn

hiu iu khin( , , ) c th l tn hiu iu khin ca ngi vn hnh ,ca
thit b chng trnh hoc cc tn hiu pht ra t cc thit b cng ngh.
Cc tn hiu ra (Y1,Y2) l tn hiu kt qu ca qu trnh iu khin v ghi

ct u ra
Cc hng ca bng ghi cc trng thi trong ca mch (S1,S2,S3). S hng ca

bng ch r s trng thi ca h.
Cc giao nhau ca ct bin vo v cc hng trng thi s ghi trng thi ca

mch.Nu trng thi mch khng trng vi tn hng th l trng thi khng
n nh.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
34
n tt nghip
Cc giao nhau ca ct tn hiu ra v cc hng trng thi s ghi gi tr tn hiu

ra tng ng.
bng trn hnh 2 , , , l cc tn hiu vo Y1, Y2 l cc tn hiu ra .H c 3

trng thi :S1 ( lm vic tc thp) ,S2 (o chiu quay), S3(dng my).
Mi trng thi ca mch c th din t bng ngn ng v km theo mt con s

gi tn trng thi .V d ta xt trng thi S1 lc ny my hot ng tc thp
.Nu lc ny cho bin tc ng th my vn lm vic ch thp (trng thi S1 l
trng thi n nh), nu cho bin tc ng th my s chuyn sang trng thi S2, nhng trng thi S2 ghi hng S1 l trng thi khng n nh -trng thi trung gian
,mch ang chun b chuyn sang trng thi n nh khc ,nu cho bin tc ng
th mch s chuyn t trng thi S1 sang trng thi S3(trng thi S3 khng n nh).
Cc bin u ra Y1, Y2 lc ny u bng 0. Tng t nh vy ta s l gii cc trng thi
kt qu hng 2, hng 3.
Khi bng trng thi chuyn ch c mt tn hiu th c th khng dng ct tn hiu
ra, cc gi tr tn hiu ra c ghi lun vo cc trng thi chuyn (hnh 3)
Trng
Thi
tn hiu vo
tn hiu ra
Y1
Y2
S1
S2
S3
Hnh 1
Trng thi
tn hiu vo
Tn hiu ra
Y1
Y2
S1(tc thp)
S1
S2
S3
S2(o chiu quay)
S1
S2
S3(ngng my)
S3
Hnh 2
Svth: Don Hong Mai
35
n tt nghip
iu quan trng nht y l ghi c y v ng cc trng thi trong ca
cc ca bng.C hai ch thc hin cng vic ny:
Cch 1 . Trc ht da vo cc d liu bi ton, cc hiu bit v qu trnh

cng ngh ,t ghi cc trng thi hin nhin c. Tip theo cc trng
thi chuyn r rng (cc trng thi ny c so ghi trng thi khc vi cc
th t cc hng cc trng thi xut pht ), nu trng thi no khng chc
chn th trng, s b sung sau.
Cch 2. Phn tch xem xt tng in trng thi .Vic lm ny l

logic, cht ch v r rng , tuy nhin nhiu khi phn tch khng th qu
chi ly dn n kh nng phn bit gia cc c trng thi gn nh
nhau, do vy rt kh in y cc .
S1
S2/1
S4/0
S4/0
S2
S4/1
S4/0
S4/1
S2
S4/1
S4/1
S4/1
S4
S4/1
S4/0
S4/0
S5
S4/0
S4/0
S4/0
Bin (V)
Trng
thi (S)
Hnh 3
II.
Tng hp mch trnh t
Bi ton tng hp mch trnh t l bi ton kh, hn na t mt yu cu ra li

c nhiu cch gii quyt khc nhau , do vy vn chung y l phi da vo mt
ch tiu ti u no , ng thi tm c li gii ti u th ngoi cc suy lun ton
hc logic ngi thit k cn phi tn dng cc kinh nghim thc t rt phong ph v a
dng . y ch nu ra mt s bc thc chung v cc v d c th minh ho phng
php tng hp mch trnh t.
Tng hp theo bng trng thi
Svth: Don Hong Mai
36
n tt nghip
Trnh t ca cc bc nh sau:
a) Thnh lp bng chuyn trng thi.Thc cht y l vic din t cc yu k

thut thnh k hiu kiu bng
b) Thnh lp bng kch thch v bng u ra
c) Tm hm logic ti gin v chon mch
C nhiu phng php ti gin bng trng thi nhng ta dng phng php tng
hp bng trng thi rt gn bng bng cac-no .
III.
Xy dng cc khi chc nng chnh ca thang
T phng php tng hp bng trng thi ta s a ra cc c tnh ca thang my v

t tng hp c trng thi u ra .T cc phng trnh trng thi lp c vi u
vo ta s vit chng trnh lad cho thang.Cc khi chc nng chnh ca thang gm c:
Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu
Bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang
Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca thang(ang nng hay ang h)
Nng-h bung thang
iu khin dng bung thang
Bi ton ng- m ca bung thang
iu khin Qut v n trong thang
S c (hng hc thit b truyn ng,cc thit b c kh; cc cm bin(qu hnh
trnh, qu trng ti, sai hnh trnh); s c ngun,...)
iu khin thang my ch ngi (9 tng) ta s k hiu t hp v a ra phng trnh
trng thi cho n gin.
-
Trong bung thang c 9 nt n cc tng ( T ) la chn cc tng cn di

chuyn ti ln lt l (DT1,DT2,DT3,DT4,DT5,DT6,DT7,DT8,DT9) v 2 nt
ng m ca cng bc l (C, MC) .
Ngoi bung thang trn mi tng cn c cc nt gi tng 9 tng s c 16 nt

gi tng ( GT ).Ta s k hiu GTL(l nt gi tng ln ), GTX (l gi tng
xung). Cc nt gi tng ln lt l :GTL1 (Gi tng i ln tng 1),
GTL2,GTL3,GTL4,GTL5,GTL6,GTL7,GTL8 v cc nt gi tng xung GTX9
Svth: Don Hong Mai
37
n tt nghip
(Gi tng xung tng
9),GTX8,GTX7,GTX6,GTX6,GTX5,GTX4,GTX3,GTX2 .
-
Cc nt T, GT khi c nhn trng thi s phi c lu li ch n khi c

x l.
Cc yu cu T ,GT c x l khi thang my ri hoc khi ang cng hnh

trnh chuyn ng ca bung thang v thang my ca chng ta lp trnh u tin
theo hnh trnh.
Khi bung thang n tng yu cu ,n hu yu cu c x l, dng li mt

thi gian m ca n tr khch hoc c th lu hn nu c nhn nt cng
bc.Sau nu cn yu cu n tip tc c x l nu khng n s dng ti v
tr tng ny.
x l yu cu ca cc tng
cc tng ging nhau nn ta ch vit mt tng l c th suy ra cc tng khc
di y l vit cho tng 2
1. Xc nh cc yu cu phc v v lu gi cc yu cu
Cc yu cu ca hnh khch phi c x l khi thang my ang hot ng ti
bt k thi im no. Bi ton t ra l phi lu c trng thi yu cu ca cc nt gi
tng trong bung thang cng nh nt n tng ti cc tng. Lu tt c cc lnh nm
ngoi khng cho php di chuyn n so vi lnh u tin nht, ng thi lu tt c cc
lnh khng cng hnh trnh chnh (c xc nh l nh bin trung gian ang nng
hoc ang h), sau khi thc hin xong cc lnh chnh, thang my s quay tr li thc
thi cc lnh c lu.
2. bi ton xc nh v tr hin ti ca bung thang.

V tr hin ti ca bung thang l iu kin u vo xc nh c rle tng.
3. Bi ton xc nh hnh trnh hin ti ca bung thang(ang nng hay

ang h).
Bi ton s l mt bc trung gian chng ta x l lnh u tin theo hnh trnh.
Nu tn hiu ang nng c set th tt c cc lnh gi theo chiu ln s c u tin x
l n khi ht mt hnh trnh ln v ngc li.
4. Nng h bung thang

Nng h bung thang l tn hiu u ra a vo bin tn iu khin ng c.
5. iu khin dng bung thang

Dng bung thang chnh xc l rt quan trng bi khi dng thiu chnh xc c th
gy ra cc s c. Nu dng c sai lnh t th c th gy ra s di chuyn kh khn
Svth: Don Hong Mai
38
n tt nghip
cho cc phng tin xe y hng vo bung thang. Nu thiu chnh xc nhiu c th

gy kt ca khng m c ca v gy ra nhiu s c khc. Lnh dng bung thang c dng khi bung thang n ng v tr tng cn n. Cc iu kin an ton ca
dng bung thang gm c : cc ca tng cha ng, ca bung thang cha ng, tc
qu gii hn cho php hoc t cp treo v.v
Cc bin u vo ca dng thang gm c : cc cng tc tng ti cc tng v cc r
le tng. Cc cng tc tng gm c CTT1, CTT2, CTT3, CTT4, CTT5, CTT6,CTT7,
CTT8, CTT9, CTT10. Ta b tr 10 cng tc tng cho thang my 9 tng v vy chng ta
s xt 2 cng tc tng l mt cp xc nh bung thang ang tng no. V d khi
thang my ang tng 1 th bung thang s tc ng ln 2 cng tc tng l (CTT1,
CTT2) , bung thang ang tng 2 s tc ng ln 2 cng tc tng l (CTT2, CTT3) tng t vi cc tng khc. Cc Rle tng (RLT) l bin trung gian xc nh c cc
bin chn tng (ChnT) cn dng. Ti mi tng cng s c tng ng mt rle tng v
mt bin chn tng. Vi thang my ca ta s c cc bin nh sau: rle tng 1(RLT1),
rle tng 2(RLT2), rle tng 3(RLT3) , rle tng 4(RLT4) , rle tng 5(RLT5) , rle
tng 6(RLT6) , rle tng 7(RLT7) , rle tng 8(RLT8) , rle tng 9(RLT9). Trng thi
chn tng gm c : chn tng 1(ChonT1), chn tng 2(ChonT2), chn tng
3(ChonT3), chn tng 4(ChonT4), chn tng 5(ChonT5), chn tng 6(ChonT6), chn
tng 7(ChonT7), chn tng 8(ChonT8), chn tng 9(ChonT9). Lu ca trng thi
dng :
Di chuyn bung thang
v tr thang bng tng

v ng vi yu cu
u tin
No
Dng bung thang
ng m ca thang
Bng trng thi cho bi ton iu khin dng thang:

ChnT
CTT
Dng
1
1
1
T bng trng thi ta suy ra phng trnh logic cho dng bung thang:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
39
n tt nghip

Dung = ChonT * CTT
Dung = ChonT 1 * CCT 1 * CTT 2 + ChonT 2 * CTT 2 * CTT 3 + ChonT 3 * CTT 3 * CTT 4 +
+ ChonT 4 * CTT 4 * CTT 5 + ChonT 5 * CTT 5 * CTT 6 + ChonT 6 * CTT 6 * CTT 7 +
ChonT 7 * CTT 7 * CTT 8 + + ChonT 8 * CTT 8 * CTT 9 + ChonT 9 * CTT 9 * CTT 10
xc nh c trng thi chn tng (ChonT) th phi qua mt s bc trung gian

to ra cc bin ph x l u vo. Ta thm bin trung gian rle tng (RLT) dng
x l cc yu cu ca hnh khch khi thang my ang chy.
Ta c lu xc nh r le tng:
RLT
CT
CGTL
CT: c ngi gi trong

bung thang.
CGT x: c ngi gi tng
ln hoc xung
CTT x_1,CTT x_3 : bin
trung gian xc nh bung
thang ang trn ca tng
cn dng hay di.
N,H : bin trung gian
xc nh thang ang nng
hay ang h u tin x
l theo hnh trnh
Phng trnh logic
CGTX
CTT x_1
CTT x_3
N
H
Bng trng thi cho rle tng:
CT2
CGTL2
CGTX2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Svth: Don Hong Mai
CTT2_1 CTT2_3
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
40
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
RLT2
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
n tt nghip
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
*tng hp phng trnh lgic ta c kt qu nh sau:
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
RLT 2 = DT 2 * (CTT 2 _ 1 * DN + CTT 2 _ 3 * DH ) +

+ (CTT 2 _ 1 * DN * DH + CTT 2 _ 3 * DH ) * GTL 2 * GTL1 +
+ GTX 4 * GTX 3 * GTX 2 * DN * (CTT 2 _ 1 + CTT 2 _ 3 * DN )
Tng t vy vit cho cc trng hp cc tng khc:

RLT 1 = DT1 * CTT 1 _ 1 * DN + GTL1 * CTT 1 _ 1 * DN * DH
RLT 3 = DT 3(CTT 3 _ 1 * DN + CTT 3 _ 3 * DH ) +
+ GTL3 * GTL 2 * GTL1 * (CTT 3 _ 1 * DN * DH + CTT 3 _ 3 * DH ) +
+ GTX 4 * GTX 3 DN (CTT 3 _ 1 + CTT 3 _ 3 * DH )
RLT 4 = DT 4 * CTT 4 _ 3 * DN + GTX 4 * CTT 4 _ 3 * DH * DN
RLT 5 =
RLT 6 =
RLT 7 =
RLT 8 =
RLT 9 =
6. Bi ton ng m ca
ng m ca bung thang cho php hnh khch v hng ho c th di chuyn
ra v vo bung thang mt cch hp l, an ton khi thang my hot ng. C th
l khi bung thang ang nng hoc h th ca bung thang khng c php m ra
gy nguy him cho hnh khch. Ca bung thang c m t ng trong thi gian
quy nh khi thang my dng ti tng no sau t ng ng li v ca cng
c th c ng m cng bc nh nt ng m ca cng bc trong bung thang
hoc khi c yu cu gi tng ca chnh hnh khch ti tng khi thang my cha
nng hoc h. Hoc khi thang ang ng th gp chng ngi vt khng th ng
ca thang. Lu sau xc nh cc trng thi ca ng m ca:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
41
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Lnh =
V tr
M ca
Ca chm cm
bin cha
No
Dng i
m 5 s
ng ca
Chm cm
bin ng
No
Xo lnh
iu khin ng m ca ta c cc t hp bin u vo gm c:
-
ng cng bc(DCB)
M cng bc(MCB)
Cm bin vt cn khi ng ca(CBVC)
C yu cu ca tng ( yu cu gi tng v yu cu n tng)(YCT)
Thi gian t ng m ca.(T)
Cm bin hnh trnh m ht ca(CBMC)
Cm bin hnh trnh ng ht ca(CBDC)
Xt trng hp m ca ta thy rng t hp bin u vo cho u ra m ca ta

thy:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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Cc bin yu cu tng(YCT),cm bin hnh trnh ng(CBDC),cm bin vt

cn(CBVC) phi lun lun gi trng thi c nh.Nh vy ch cn li 2 bin l
ng cng bc(DCB),thi gian(T) ta cn t hp.
Bng di th hin s t hp cc trng thi u vo u ra:
DCB
1
0
0
1
T
0
0
1
1
CBT
1
1
1
1
CBDC
0
0
0
0
CBVC
0
0
0
0
DC
1
0
1
1
Sau khi t hp ta c phng trnh logic cho trng thi ng ca(DC) l:
DC = CBDC * CBT * CBVC * DCB * T + DCB * T + DCB * T
DC = CBDC * CBT * CBVC * ( DCB * T + T )

DC = CBDC * CBT * CBVC * ( DCB + T )
*vi trng hp t hp cho m ca th cc bin t hp u vo tng t vi trng hp

ng ca tuy nhin thm bin yu cu tng:
- cc bin u vo ca trng hp m ca bao gm
- M cng bc(MCB)
- Thi gian cho php m ca(T)
- Cm bin tng(cm bin cho php dng chnh xc ti tng)(CBT).
- Cm bin hnh trnh m ht ca(CBMC).
- Yu cu ca tng(YCT)
- Cm bin vt cn(CBVC)
- trong cc bin trn ta thy cc bin cm bin tng lun = 1 ,cm bin m ht
ca cng lun bng 0 v nu cm bin m ht ca =1 th khng cn m ca,v cm
bin vt cn lun = 1 th ca mi c m ra bi nu cm bin vt cn khng c th
ca s ng .cn li 3 bin kia thay i ta s t hp trng thi u vo cho u ra m
ca.Di y l bng trng thi t hp:
MCB
0
0
1
1
0
T
1
0
0
1
1
Svth: Don Hong Mai
YCT
0
0
0
0
1
CBT
1
1
1
1
1
43
CBMC
0
0
0
0
0
CBVC
1
1
1
1
1
MC
1
0
1
1
1
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0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
-t hp ta c phng trnh trng thi m ca nh sau:
1
1
1
1
1
1
MC = CBT * CBMC * CBVC * ( ( MCB + T + YCT ) )
7. Bi ton iu khin n v qut bung thang.

8. Bi ton x l cc s c xy ra i vi thang.
IV.
PLC
Thit b iu khin logic kh trnh (Programmable Logic Control), vit tt thnh
PLC, l loi thit b cho php thc hin linh hot cc thut ton iu khin s thng
qua mt ngn ng lp trnh, thay cho vic phi th hin thut ton bng mch s.
B iu khin logic kh trnh l tng ca mt nhm k s hng General Motors vo
nm 1968 v h ra cc ch tiu k thut nhm p ng nhng yu cu iu
khin trong cng nghip:
D lp trnh v d thay i chng trnh iu khin, s dng thch hp
trong nh my.
Cu trc dng module d dng bo tr v sa cha.
Tin cy hn trong mi trng sn xut ca nh my cng nghip.
Dng linh kin bn dn nn c kch thc nh gn hn mch role chc
nng tng ng.
Gi thnh c kh nng cnh tranh cao.
c trng ca k thut PLC l vic s dng vi mch x l thng tin. Cc ghp ni
logic cn thit trong qu trnh iu khin c x l bng phn mm do ngi s dng
lp nn v ci t vo. Chnh do c tnh ny m ngi s dng c th gii quyt nhiu
bi ton v t ng ha khc nhau trn cng mt b iu khin v hu nh khng phi
bin i g ngoi vic np nhng chng trnh khc nhau. Nh vy, vi chng trnh iu
khin trong mnh, PLC tr thnh mt b iu khin s nh gn, d thay i thut ton
v c bit d trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh (vi cc PLC khc hoc
vi my tnh). Ton b chng trnh iu khin c lu nh trong b nh ca PLC di
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dng cc khi chng trnh (khi OB, FC hoc FB) v c thc hin lp theo chu k
ca vng qut (scan).
thc hin mt chng trnh iu khin tt nhin PLC phi c chc nng nh mt my
tnh ngha l phi c mt b vi x l (CPU), mt h iu hnh, b nh lu chng
trnh iu khin, d liu v phi c cc cng vo ra giao tip c vi i tng iu
khin v trao i thng tin vi mi trng xung quanh. Bn cnh phc v bi
ton iu khin s, PLC cn cn phi c thm cc khi chc nng c bit khc nh l
b m (Counter), b thi gian (Timer) v cc khi hm chuyn dng.
S ra tng nhng ng dng PLC trong cng nghip thc y cc nh sn xut trn
th gii hon chnh cc h PLC vi mc khc nhau v kh nng, tc x l v
hiu xut. Cc h PLC pht trin t loi lm vic c lp, ch vi 20 ng vo/ra v
dung lng b nh chng trnh 500 bc n cc module nhm d dng m rng thm
kh nng v chc nng chuyn dng:
X l tn hiu lin tc (Module Analog).
iu khin ng c Servo, ng c bc.
Truyn thng.
Cng vi s pht trin ca k thut vi mch, k thut PLC c nhng bc tin b vt bc. C th ni nu khng c k thut PLC th khng c t ng ha trong cc
ngnh cng nghip.
2.2 s tng qut ca PLC.

Hu ht cc h PLC ca cc hng sn xut trn th gii u c cc module chnh nh
sau:
-
B x l trung tm CPU: l b no ca PLC, x l chng trnh iu khin.
B vo/ra (Input/Output Module): nhn tn hiu vo v gi tn hiu ra.
B nh (Memory Module): dng cha chng trnh iu khin d liu.
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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Hnh 1.2 : Nguyn l chung v cu trc ca mt b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC.

Thng thng tng tnh mm do trong ng dng thc t m phn ln
cc i tng iu khin c s tn hiu u vo, u ra cng nh chng loi tn hiu vo/
ra khc nhau m cc b iu khin PLC c thit k khng b cng ho v cu hnh.
Chng c chia nh thnh cc module. S module c s dng nhiu hay t tu theo
tng bi ton, song ti thiu bao gi cng phi c mt module chnh l module CPU.
Cc module cn li l nhng module nhn/truyn tn hiu vi i tng iu khin, cc
module chc nng chuyn dng nh PID, iu khin ng c Chng c gi chung
l module m rng. Tt c cc module c g trn nhng thanh ray (Rack)
2.2.1 Module CPU.
Module CPU l loi module c cha b vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh, cc b
thi gian, b m , cng truyn thng (RS485) v c th cn c mt vi cng
vo/ra s. Cc cng vo/ra s c trn module CPU c gi l cng vo ra onboard.
Trong h PLC S7-300 c nhiu loi module CPU khc nhau. Ni chung chng
c t tn theo b vi x l c trong n nh module CPU312, CPU314, CPU315
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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Hnh 1.3: Module CPU314.

2.2.2 Module m rng.
Cc module m rng c chia thnh 5 loi chnh:
1) PS (Power supply): Module ngun nui. C 3 loi 2A, 5A v 10A.
2) SM (Signal module): Module m rng cng tn hiu vo/ra, bao
gm:
a) DI (Digital input): Module m rng cc cng vo s. S cc
cng vo s m rng c th l 8, 16 hoc 32 tu thuc vo
tng loi module.
b) DO (Digital output): Module m rng cc cng ra s. S cc
cng ra s m rng c th l 8, 16 hoc 32 tu thuc vo tng
loi module.
c) DI/DO (Digital input/Digital output): Module m rng cc
cng vo/ra s. S cc cng vo/ra s m rng c th l 8
vo/ 8 ra, 16 vo/16 ra tu thuc vo tng loi module.
d) AI (Analog input): Module m rng cc cng vo tng t. V
bn cht chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i tng t s 12
bits (AD), tc l mi tn hiu tng t c chuyn thnh mt
tn hiu s (nguyn) c di12 bits. S cc cng vo tng t
c th l 2, 4 hoc 8 tu tng loi module.
e) AO (Analog output): Module m rng cc cng ra tng t.
V bn cht chng chnh l nhng b chuyn i s tng t
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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(DA). S cc cng vo tng t c th l 2, hoc 4 tu tng

loi module.
f) AI/AO (Analog input/Analog out):Module m rng cc cng

vo/ra tng t. S cc cng vo/ra tng t c th l 4 u vo/
2 ra, hoc 4 vo/4 ra tu tng loi module.
3) IM (Interface module): Module ghp ni. ay l loi module chuyn
dng c nhim v ni tng nhm cc module m rng li vi nhau
thnh mt khi v c qun l chung bi mt module CPU. Thng
thng cc module m rng c g lin vi nhau trn mt thanh
gi l rack. Trn mi mt rack ch c th g c nhiu nht 8
module m rng (khng k module CPU, module ngun nui PS).
Mt module CPU S7-300 c th lm vic trc tip c vi nhiu
nht 4 racks v cc rack ny phi c ni vi nhau bng module IM.
4) FM (Function module): Module c chc nng iu khin ring, v
d nh module iu khin ng c bc, module iu khin ng c
servo, module PID, module iu khin vng kn
5) CP (Communication module): Module phc v truyn thng trong
mng gia cc PLC vi my tnh.
2.3 Cu trc b nh ca CPU.

B nh ca S7-300 c chia lm 3 min chnh:
1) Vng cha chng trnh ng dng. Vng nh chng trnh c chia
thnh 3 min:
OB (Organisation block): Min cha chng trnh t chc.
FC (Function): Min cha chng trnh con c t chc
thnh hm c bin hnh thc trao i d liu vi chng
trnh gi n.
FB (Function block): Min cha chng trnh con, c t
chc thnh hm v c kh nng trao i d liu vi bt c
mt khi chng trnh no khc. Cc d liu ny phi c
xy dng thnh mt khi d liu ring (gi l DB-Data
block).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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2) Vng cha tham s ca h iu hnh v chng trnh ng dng, c
phn chia thnh 7 min khc nhau, bao gm:

I (Process image input): Min b m cc d liu cng vo
s. Trc khi bt u thc hin chng trnh, PLC s c gi
tr logic ca tt c cc cng u vo v ct gi chng trong
vng nh I. Thng thng chng trnh ng dng khng c
trc tip trng thi logic ca cng vo s m ch ly d liu
ca cng vo t b m I.
Q (Process image output): Min b m cc d liu cng ra
s. Kt thc giai on thc hin chng trnh, PLC s
chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc cng ra s.
Thng thng chng trnh khng trc tip gn gi tr ti tn
cng ra m ch chuyn chng vo b m Q.
M: Min cc bin c. Chng trnh ng dng s dng vng
nh ny lu gi cc tham s cn thit v c th truy nhp
n theo a ch bit(M), byte(MB), t (MW) hay t kp
(MD).
T: Min nh phc v b thi gian (Timer) bao gm vic lu
gi gi tr thi gian t trc(PV-Preset value), gi tr m
thi gian tc thi(CV-Current value) cng nh gi tr logic
u ra ca thi gian.
C: Min nh phc v b m (Counter) bao gm vic lu
gi gi tr t trc(PV-Preset value), gi tr m tc
thi(CV-Current value) v gi tr logic u ra ca b m.
PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc module tng t (I/O
External input). Cc gi tr tng t ti cng vo ca module
tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng theo nhng
a ch. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PI
theo tng byte (PIB), tng t (PIW) hoc theo tng t kp
(PID).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
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PQ: Min a ch cng ra cho cc module twong t (I/O

External output). Cc gi tr theo nhng a ch ny s c
module tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng t. Chng trnh
ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PQ theo tng byte
(PQB), tng t (PQW) hoc tng t kp (DBD).
3) Vng cha cc khi d liu, c chia thnh 2 loi:

DB(Data block): Min cha cc d liu c t chc thnh
khi. Kch thc cng nh s lng khi do ngi s dng quy
nh, ph hp vi tng bi ton iu khin. Chng trnh c
th truy nhp min ny theo tng bit (DXB), byte (DBB), t
(DBW) hoc theo tng t kp (DBD).
L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng,c cc khi
chng trnh OB, FC, FB t chc v s dng cho cc bin
nhp tc thi v trao i d liu ca bin hnh thc vi
nhng khi chng trnh gi n. Ni dung ca mt s d
liu trong min nh ny s b xo khi kt thc chng trnh
tng ng trong OB, FC, FB. Min ny c th c truy nhp
t chng trnh theo bit (L), byte(LB), t (LW) hoc t
kp(LD).
2.4 Vng qut chng trnh.

PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu k lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng qut
(scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s
ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng
qut, chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi OB1
(Block end). Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca
b m o Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on truyn thng
ni b v kim li.
Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin c mt vng qut gi l thi gian vng
qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi vng qut no
cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c thc hin
lau, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tu thuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh c
thc hin, vo khi d liu c truyn thng trong vng qut .
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Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn hiu
iu khin ti i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut.
Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu
khin trong PLC. Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh
cng cao.
2.4 K thut lp trnh.

Chng trnh cho S7-300 c lu trong b nh ca PLC vng dnh ring cho
chng trnh v c th c lp vi hai dng cu trc khc nhau:
Lp trnh tuyn tnh (linear programming): Ton b chng trnh iu khin

nm trong mt khi trong b nh. Loi hnh cu trc tuyn tnh ny ph hp
vi nhng bi ton t ng nh, khng phc tp. Khi c chn phi l khi
OB1, l khi m PLC lun qut v thc hin cc lnh trong n thng xuyn, t
lnh u tin n lnh cui cng v quay li lnh u tin. Khi nyc h
iu hnh gi theo chu k lp vi khong thi gian khng cch u nhau m
ph thuc vo di ca chng trnh. Cc loi khi chng trnh khc khng
tham gia trc tip vo vng qut. Cc khi OB khc khng tham gia vo vng
qut m c gi bng nhng tn hiu bo ngt. S7-300 c nhiu loi tn hiu
bo ngt nh tn hiu bo ngt khi c s c ngun nui, tn hiu bo ngt khi c
s c chp mch cc module m rng, tn hiu bo ngt theo chu k thi
gian v mi loi tn hiu bo ngt nh vy cng ch c kh nng gi mt loi
khi OB nht nh. Mi khi xut hin mt tn hiu bo ngt h thng s tm
dng cng vic ang thc hin li, chng hn nh tm dng vic thc hin chng trnh x l ngt trong cc khi OB tng ng.
Lp trnh c cu trc (structure programming): l k thut ci t thut ton

iu khin bng cch chia nh thnh cc khi chng trnh con FC hay FB vi
mi khi thc hin mt nhim v c th ca bi ton iu khin chung v ton
b cc khi chng trnh ny li c qun l mt cch thng nht bi khi OB1.
Trong OB1 c cc lnh gi nhng khi chng trnh con theo th t ph hp vi
bi ton iu khin t ra.
Hon ton tng t, mt nhim v iu khin con c th cn c chia nh thnh
nhiu nhim v nh v c th hn na, do mt khi chng trnh con cng
c th c gi t mt khi chng trnh con khc. Duy c mt iu cm k ta
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cn phi trnh l khng bao gi mt khi chng trnh con li gi n chnh n.

Ngoi ra, do c s hn ch v ngn xp ca cc module CPU nn khng c t
chc chng trnh con gi lng nhau qu s ln m module CPU c s dng
cho php.
PLC S7-300 c bn loi khi c bn:
* Loi khi OB (Organization block): Khi t chc v qun l
chng trnh iu khin. C nhiu loi khi OB vi nhng chc nng khc nhau,
chng c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn i sau nhm k t OB, v d
nh OB1, OB35, OB40
* Loi khi FC(Program block): Khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring
ging nh mt chng trnh con hoc mt hm (chng trnh con c bin hnh thc).
Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FC v cc khi FC ny c phn
bit vi nhau bng nhng s nguyn sau nhm k t FC. Chng hn nh FC1, FC2
* Loi khi FB (Function block): L loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i

mt lng d liu ln vi cc khi chng trnh khc. Cc d liu ny phi c t
chc thnh khi d liu ring c tn gi l Data block. Mt chng trnh ng dng
c th c nhiu khi FB v cc khi FB ny c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s
nguyn sau nhm k t FB. Chng hn nh FB1, FB2
*Loi khi DB (Data block): Khi cha cc d liu cn thit thc hin chng
trnh. Cc tham s ca khi do ngi dng t t. Mt chng trnh ng dng c th
c nhiu khi DB v cc khi DB ny c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn
sau nhm k t DB. Chng hn nh DB1, DB2
Chng trnh trong cc khi c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lnh gi khi, chuyn khi.
Xem nhng phn chng trnh trong cc khi nh l cc chng trnh con th S7-300 cho
php gi chng trnh con lng nhau, tc l t chng trnh con ny gi mt chng trnh
con khc v t chng trnh con c gi li gi ti mt chng trnh con th 3 . S
cc lnh gi lng nhau ph thuc vo tng chng loi module CPU m ta s dng. V
d nh i vi module CPU314 th s lnh gi lng nhau nhiu nht c th cho php l
8. Nu s ln gi khi lng nhau m vt qu con s gii hn cho php, PLC s t
chuyn sang ch STOP v t c bo li.
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Hnh 1.5: Lp trnh c cu trc.
Hnh 1.6: Thc hin gi khi FC10.

Nh vy, khi thc hin lnh gi mt khi con, h iu hnh s:
Chuyn khi con c gi t vng Load memory vo vng Work memory.
Cp pht cho khi con mt phn b nh trong Work memory lm local
block. Cu trc local block c quy nh khi son tho cc khi.
Truyn cc tham tr t khi m cho bin hnh thc IN, IN-OUT ca local
block.
Sau khi khi con thc hin xong nhim v v ghi kt qu di dng tham tr
u ra cho bin OUT, IN-OUT ca local block, h iu hnh s chuyn cc
tham tr ny cho khi m v gii phng khi con cng local block ra khi
vng Work memory.
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2.5 Ngn ng lp trnh.

Cc loi PLC ni chung thng c nhiu ngn ng lp trnh nhm phc v cc i
tng s dng khc nhau. PLC S7-300 c ba ngn ng lp trnh c bn. l:
Ngn ng lit k lnh, k hiu l STL (Statement list). y l dng ngn ng
lp trnh thng thng ca my tnh. Mt chng trnh c ghp bi nhiu cu
lnh theo mt thut ton nht nh, mi lnh chim mt hng v u c cu
trc chung
tn lnh + ton hng.
Ngn ng hnh thang, k hiu l LAD (Ladder logic). y l dng ngn ng
ho thch hp vi nhng ngi quen thit k mch iu khin logic.
Ngn ng hnh khi, k hiu l FBD (Function block diagram). y cng l
kiu ngn ng ho dnh cho ngi c thi quen thit k mch iu khin s.
Mt chng trnh vit trn LAD hoc FBD c th chuyn sang c dng STL, nhng
ngc li th khng. Trong STL c nhiu lnh khng c trong LAD hay FBD.
Step7 l mt phn mm h tr:
-
Khai bo cu hnh cng cho mt trm PLC thuc h Simatic S7-300/400.
Xy dng cu hnh mng gm nhiu trm PLC S7-300/400 cng nh th tc

truyn thng gia chng.
Son tho v ci t chng trnh iu khin cho mt hoc nhiu trm.
Quan st vic thc hin chng trnh iu khin trong mt trm PLC v g ri chng trnh.
Ngoi ra Step7 cn c c mt th vin y vi cc hm chun hu ch, phn tr
gip online rt mnh c kh nng tr li mi cu hi ca ngi s dng v cch s

dng Step7, v c php lnh trong lp trnh, v xy dng cu hnh cng ca mt trm
cng nh ca mt mng gm nhiu trm PLC
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V.
chng IV: xy dng m hnh m phng thang my

I.
Xc nh cc vn s m phng
II.
Xy dng kt cu cho m hnh m phng
III.
Xy dng k hoch m phng v kim nghim

trn thc t.
v trn thc t c y cc thit b nn ta c th xy dng bi ton m phng vi

y cc chc nng ca thang my.Nhng khi m phng trn m hnh ca em vi
iu kin hin c ti phng th nghim v trn th trng.M hnh thc t ca em c th
khng th m phng c ht cc tnh nng ca thang.Mt s cc thit b khng ging
thit b tht, cc cm bin c thay th tng ng
Vi h thng l thuyt c nghin cu cc chng trc, chng ta thit lp c

h thng thang my trn l thuyt nhng c mt im l tt c u ch c m t trn l thuyt
v cha c a vo kim nghim. tng thm tnh st thc ca n v tng thm tnh
thuyt phc.
Xut pht t nhng im chnh , em i vo xy dng m hnh thang my ch ngi
4 tng n gin c n gin ho bt cc chc nng so vi cc tnh nng xy dng trn.
Mc d khng m t c ht cc tnh nng ca thang my nhng n cng phn no m t c
nhng tnh nng iu khin bung thang.
Vi m hnh ny chng ta c th vn dng phng php tng hp cc h iu khin
logic.
Cu trc chi tit ca m hnh c m t:
Svth: Don Hong Mai
55
n tt nghip
+ Bn trong bung thang c 4 nt iu khin ( tm gi l cc nt yu cu n tng - DT:

DT1, DT2, DT3, DT4) v 4 n tng ng minh ho cho trng thi yu cu ca mi nt n.
+ Bn ngoi bung thang c 6 nt n v 6 n tng ng m t trng thi yu cu ca 6 nt
n :
- Tng 1 c 1 nt n yu cu ln cc tng trn ( 1GTL), v c 1 n trng thi
(DENL1) minh ho cho yu cu ca nt n : khi nt 1GTL c nhn th DENL1 s sng, n
khi no bung thang dng tng 1 th DENL1 s sng nhp nhy, sau 1 khong thi gian
thit lp n s tt i.
- Tng 2 c 2 nt n gi tng (2GTL, 2GTX) v 2 n trng thi.
- Tng 3 c 2 nt n gi tng (3GTL, 3GTX) v 2 n trng thi.
- Tng 4 c 1 nt n gi tng (4GTX) v 1 n trng thi.
+ C cu truyn ng nng, h bung thang y dng 1 ng c in 1 chiu v hp
gim tc, bung thang c ko bi 1 cp gn puly trc hp gim tc qua dng dc gn trn
nc ca c cu.
+ Mt c cu ng m ca tng khi bung thang n tng cn phc v ( dng 1 ng c
1 chiu c o chiu).
+ iu khin cp in cho 2 ng c : 1 ng c truyn ng nng - h bung thang, v 1
ng c truyn ng ng - m ca tng, y dng 4 rle iu khin cho 2 ng c
ng vi 2 chiu chuyn ng(nng-h, ng-m).
+ Tng ng trn mi tng c gn 1 cng tc tng (cm bin tng) xc nh v tr ca
bung thang.
+ Ngun in s dng cho m hnh :
- Dng ngun 5V DC hoc 12V DC cp cho 2 ng c truyn ng (I <5A)
- Dng ngun 24V DC cp cho cc cm bin tng, cc nt n yu cu iu khin.
- Cc n trng thi c iu khin v nhn trc tip tn hiu t PLC.
T m hnh xy dng sinh vin c thc tp vi cc yu cu cng ngh sau:
1. Cng ngh 1:
2. Cng ngh 2.
Xy dng chng trnh iu khin thang my ch ngi 4 tng n gin.
- iu khin thang my bng 4 nt n tng (DT1, DT2, DT3, DT4) trong bung
thang v 4 nt gi tng tng ng trn mi tng (1GT,2GT, 3GT,4GT).
Svth: Don Hong Mai
56
n tt nghip

- C 4 cng tc tng b tr 4 tng xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
- Minh ho trng thi c chn ca cc nt yu cu bng cc n tng ng.
- Cc nt yu cu iu khin (DT v GT) c th c chn lin tip v c lu gi, khi
chng c x l u tin theo hnh trnh.
- Khi bung thang c iu khin n tng yu cu n s dng li trong vng 5s, lc
ny n bo rtng thi ti tng cng sng nhp nhy. Sau 5s n s tt, nu cn yu cu
n cc tng khc th thang my tip tc, cn nu khng n s dng li ti v tr .
3. Cng ngh 3.
- iu khin thang my bng 4 nt DT trong bung thang v 4 nt GT ti mi tng.
C 4 cng tc tng b tr ti mi tng.
- Cc yu cu iu khin c th c la chn lin tip, minh ho bng n trng thi
sng. Cc yu cu ny s c x l u tin theo hnh trnh ang chuyn ng. Khi bung
thang di chuyn ti tng yu cu, ca bung thang s m ra ng thi n trng thi s sng
nhp nhy, sau khong 5s ca bung thang ng li, n trng thi tt. Nu cn yu cu iu
khin th bung thang tip tc c iu khin, nu khng n s dng ti v tr tng .
4. Cng ngh 4.
- iu khin thang my bng 4 nt DT (DT1, DT2,DT3,DT4) trong bung thang v 6
nt GT (1GTL, 2GTL, 2GTX, 3GTL, 3GTX, 4GTX) ti cc ca tng. C 4 cm bin tng b
tr ti cc tng xc nh v tr ca bung thang.
- Khi nhn cc nt DT hoc GT , cc yu cu ny s c lu gi v s c x l u tin
theo hnh trnh.
- Khi bung thang ti tng yu cu, n hu yu cu c x l, dng li trong
khong 5s, lc ny n trng thi nhp nhy vi tn s 0,5Hz. Sau khong thi gian ny n
trng thi tt, nu cn yu cu n tip tc x l, nu khng n s dng li ti v tr tng .
Svth: Don Hong Mai
57

Mo Phong Thang May Voi PLC s7-300

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n tt nghip

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

1. s khi ca h bin tn ng c .............................................................33

Chng I: Nghin cu phn tch cu trc thang my

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

kim,cng nghip nh nhng ni thang my v my nng c s dng vn

Hnh 1.1 : hnh dng tng th ca thang my

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Nhiu quc gia trn th gii quy nh i vi cc to nh cao trn 6 tng tr ln

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

thang ph hp vi c im ,mc ch s dng ca to nh vi vn u t chp nhn c.

1. Phn loi theo chc nng

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

2. Phn loi theo tc dch chuyn.

Thang my tc thp : v < 1 m/s

Thang my tc trung bnh: v= 1 2,5 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh

Thang my tc cao:v =2,5 4 m/s. Thng dng cho cc nh c s

Thang my tc rt cao(Siu tc) : v = 5m/s. Thng dng trong cc

3. Phn loi theo ti trng

Thang my loi nh :Q < 500 Kg.Hay dng trong th vin,trong cc nh

Thang my loi trung bnh : Q = 500 1000 Kg.

Thang my loi ln : Q = 1000 1600 kg.

Thang my loi rt ln Q > 1600 Kg.

4. Phn loi theo v tr t b ko ti

5. Theo h thng vn hnh.

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

Trang thit b c kh ca thang my

2. Thit b lp t trong bung my

c cu nng c hp tc (hnh 1.3 a)

c cu nng khng dng hp tc (hnh 1.3 b).

C cu nng khng c hp tc thng c s dng trong cc thang my tc

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

+ Puli dn hng 2 (hnh 1.2).

Hnh 1.2 :cc thit b c kh lp trong thang.

+ B phn hn ch tc 4 (hnh 1.2) lm vic phi hp vi phanh bo him

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi

Tim boi : nguyenvanbientbd47@gmail.com

3. Thit b lp trong ging thang my

4. Thit b lp t trong h ging thang my

Hnh 1.3 : C cu nng thang

Svth: Don Hong Mai

Lp: Trang b in-in t K44

Gvhd: Thy Trn Vn Khi