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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Chng 4
Khi nim lp trnh

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4.1.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Cc hng dn thit k mt h thng PLC.

Khi thit k mt h thng PLC, ta c th chn t nhiu phng php v ch tiu

khc nhau. Cc hng dn chung sau y c th p dng n nhiu n thit k. Tt

nhin, ta phi theo cc lnh dn ca cc th tc ca ring cng ty v cc p dng c
chp nhn i vi vic hun luyn cng nh khu vc ca mnh.
Cc bc

Cc nhim v

ngh
Phn vng
tin

trnh

hay b my

Phn chia tin trnh hay b my thnh cc khu c mc ph thuc vo

nhau. Cc phn vng ny xc nh cc vng bin gia cc b iu khin, s
nh hng cc c tnh k thut miu t chc nng, v s phn nhim ca
cc ti nguyn.
Ghi cc miu t vn hnh i vi mi cng on trong chu trnh hay b my,

To ra cc
c

tnh

chc nng

nh cc im I/O, miu t chc nng ca vic vn hnh, cc trng thi phi

c t n trc khi cho php s hot ng i vi mi c cu (nh mt
cun dy nam chm, ng c hay mt b iu khin), mt s miu t giao
din iu khin, v bt k cc giao din no vi cc cng on khc ca tin
trnh hay b my.
Nhn dng bt k thit b no c th yu cu logic gn cng an ton. Hy
nh rng cc thit b iu khin c th h hng khi phng php khng an
ton, iu ny c th sinh ra s khi ng hay s thay i khng mong mun
trong qu trnh hot ng ca my mc. Ti ni m s vn hnh khng chnh
xc hay khng c mong mun ca thit b c th gy ra hu qu v mt
tn thng vt l n con ngi hay s hy hoi ti sn ng k, cn cn

Thit k cc
mch
ton

an

nhc n vic thc thi ca vic khng ch bng in c. Cc nhim v sau

y nn c ci t sn trong thit k ca cc mch an ton:

Nhn dng bt k s vn hnh khng bnh thng hay khng mong

mun ca cc c cu m c th nguy him.

Nhn dng cc iu kin s bo m s vn hnh khng nguy him,

v xc nh lm cch no pht hin cc iu kin ny mt cch
c lp vi PLC.

Nhn dng bng cch no m PLC tc ng n tin trnh khi t vo

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

hay g b ngun in, v cn nhn dng bng cch no v khi no

m cc li c pht hin. Ch s dng thng tin ny dnh cho vic
thit k s vn hnh bnh thng hay bt bnh thng theo mong
mun. Ta khng nn ph thuc vo vin cnh ca tnh hung tt nht
ny i vi cc mc ch an ton.

Thit k vic khng ch an ton bng tay hay bng in c m ngn

chn s vn hnh nguy him mt cch c lp vi PLC.

Cung cp thng tin trng thi thch hp t cc mch c lp n PLC

m chng trnh v bt k cc giao din iu khin khc c c
thng tin cn thit.

Nhn dng bt k cc yu cu c lin quan n an ton khc dnh

cho s hot ng an ton ca tin trnh.

Da trn nhng yu cu ca cc thng s k thut chc nng, to ra cc bn

v sau ca cc trm iu hnh:
Xc

nh

cc

trm

iu hnh

Bn v tng quan th hin v tr ca mi trm iu hnh theo quan h

n tin trnh hay b my.

Bn v b tr my mc ca cc thit b dnh cho trm iu hnh, nh

b hin th, cc chuyn mch v n.

Bn v in vi I/O c lin quan ca PLC v cc module tn hiu.

Da trn nhng yu cu ca cc thng s k thut chc nng, to ra cc bn

v cu hnh ca thit b iu khin:

To ra cc
bn v v
cu hnh

Bn v tng quan th hin v tr ca mi PLC theo quan h n tin

trnh hay b my.

Bn v b tr my mc ca mi PLC v bt k cc module I/O, bao

gm cc t my v thit b khc.

Bn v in cho mi PLC v bt k cc module I/O, bao gm cc s

hiu mu ca thit b, cc a ch truyn thng v cc a ch I/O.

To ra mt
danh

sch

cc tn gi
k hiu

To ra mt danh sch cc tn gi k hiu cho cc a ch tuyt i. Bao gm

khng ch cc tn hiu I/O vt l m cn cc phn t khc (nh cc tn th
ghi) c s dng trong chng trnh.

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N HC PHN 2A

4.2.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Vic cu trc chng trnh ngi dng.

Khi to ra mt chng trnh ngi dng cho cc nhim v v t ng, ta chn

cc lnh ca chng trnh vo trong cc khi m:

Khi t chc (OB), p ng mt s kin xc nh trong CPU v c th ngt s
thc thi ca chng trnh. Mc nh i vi thc thi theo chu trnh ca chng
trnh ngi dng (OB 1) cung cp cu trc c bn dnh cho chng trnh v ch
l khi m c yu cu i vi chng trnh. Nu ta bao hm cc OB khc
trong chng trnh, cc OB ny s ngt s thc thi ca OB 1. Cc OB khc thc
hin cc hm c trng, v d nh cho cc tc v khi ng, cho vic x l cc
ngt v li, hay cho vic thc thi m chng trnh c trng ti cc khong thi
gian dng ring bit.
Khi chc nng (FB), l mt on chng trnh con c thc thi khi n c
gi t khi m khc (OB, FB hay FC). Khi ang gi chuyn tip cc thng s
n FB v cn nhn dng mt khi d liu c trng m khi d liu lu tr
d liu cho ln gi ring hay cho gi tr mu ca FB . Vic thay i DB mu
cho php mt FB chung iu khin s hot ng ca mt t hp cc thit b. V
d, mt FB c th iu khin mt vi my bm hay van, vi cc DB mu cha
cc thng s vn hnh ring bit ca mi my bm hay van.
M chc nng (FC), l mt chng trnh con m c thc thi khi n c gi
t mt khi m khc (OB, FB hay FC). FC khng c mt DB mu c lin quan.
Khi ang gi chuyn tip cc thng s n FC. Cc gi tr ng ra t FC phi
c ghi n mt a ch nh hay n mt DB ton cc.
Vic chn kiu cu trc cho chng trnh ngi dng
Da trn cc yu cu ca ng dng, ta c th chn cu trc thng hay cu trc
kiu khi kt cu to ra chng trnh.
Chng trnh thng thc thi tt c cc lnh ca tc v v t ng theo tun t,
lnh ny theo sau lnh kia. Thng thng, chng trnh thng t tt c cc
lnh chng trnh vo trong OB dnh cho vic thc thi theo chu trnh ca
chng trnh (OB 1).
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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Chng trnh khi kt cu s gi cc khi m c trng m khi m thc

hin cc tc v ring bit. to ra mt cu trc theo khi kt cu, ta chia tc
v thnh nhiu tc v ph nh hn ph hp vi cc chc nng v mt k thut
ca tin trnh. Mi khi m cung cp on chng trnh cho mi tc v ph. Ta
cu trc chng trnh bng cch gi mt trong s cc khi m t mt khi khc.
Cu trc thng

Cu trc khi kt cu

Bng cch to ra cc khi m chung c th c ti s dng trong chng trnh ngi

dng, ta c th n gin ha thit k v s thc thi chng trnh. Vic s dng cc
khi m chung c mt s cc li ch sau:
Ta c th to ra cc khi hm s dng li c dnh cho cc tc v tiu chun,
nh dnh cho iu khin mt my bm hay mt ng c. Ta cn c th lu tr
cc khi hm chung ny trong mt th vin c th c s dng bi cc ng
dng hay cc gii php khc.
Khi ta cu trc chng trnh vo trong cc thnh phn kiu kt cu c lin quan
n cc tc v chc nng, thit k ca chng trnh c th hiu v qun l d
dng hn. Cc thnh phn kiu kt cu khng ch gip tiu chun ha thit k
chng trnh m cn gip thc hin vic cp nht hay chnh sa m chng
trnh nhanh hn v d dng hn.
Vic to ra cc thnh phn kiu kt cu lm n gin vic g ri chng trnh.
Bng cch cu trc chng trnh hon chnh nh mt t hp cc b phn ca
chng trnh kiu kt cu, ta c th kim tra chc nng ca mi khi m hm
khi n c pht trin.
Vic to ra cc thnh phn kiu kt cu c lin quan n cc chc nng v cng
ngh c trng c th gip lm n gin v rt gn thi gian dnh cho thc
hin mt ng dng hon chnh.
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4.3.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

S dng cc khi cu trc chng trnh.

Bng cch thit k cc FB v FC thc hin cc tc v chung, ta to ra cc

khi m kiu kt cu. Sau cu trc chng trnh bng cch lm cho cc khi m
khc gi nhng module c th s dng li ny. Khi ang gi s chuyn tip cc thng
s c trng ca thit b n khi c gi.
A Khi ang gi
B Khi c gi (hay ang ngt)
S thc thi chng trnh
S vn hnh gi mt khi khc
S thc thi chng trnh
Kt thc khi (tr li khi ang gi)
Khi mt khi m gi khi m khc, CPU thc thi m chng trnh trong khi
c gi. Sau khi s thc thi ca khi c gi hon thnh, CPU khi phc li s
thc thi ca khi ang gi.
Vic x l tip tc vi s thc thi ca lnh theo sau vic gi khi. Ta c th xp
cc vic gi khi lng vo nhau i vi cu trc kiu kt cu phc tp hn.
Khi ng chu trnh
su lng vo nhau

To ra cc khi m s dng li c

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

S dng hp thoi Add new

block di mc Program blocks
trong iu hng chng trnh to ra
cc OB, FB, FC v cc DB ton cc.
Khi to ra khi m, ta la chn
ngn ng lp trnh cho khi. Khng
la chn ngn ng lp trnh cho DB v
n ch lu tr d liu.

4.3.1. Khi t chc (OB).

Cc khi t chc cung cp cu trc cho chng trnh. Chng ng vai tr nh
mt giao din gia h iu hnh v chng trnh ngi dng. Cc OB c iu khin
theo s kin. Mt s kin, v d nh mt ngt chn on hay mt khong thi gian
dng, s lm cho CPU thc hin mt OB. Mt vi OB c cc s kin khi ng cch
hot ng c nh trc.
OB chu k chng trnh cha chng trnh chnh ca ngi dng. Ta c th
bao gm nhiu hn mt OB chu k chng trnh trong chng trnh. Trong sut ch
RUN, cc OB chu k chng trnh thc thi ti mc u tin thp nht v c th b
ngt bi tt c cc vic x l chng trnh khc. OB khi ng khng ngt OB chu k
chng trnh bi v CPU thc thi OB khi ng trc khi i vo ch RUN.
Sau khi hon thnh vic x l cc OB chu k chng trnh, CPU ngay lp tc
thc thi mt ln na cc OB chu k chng trnh. Vic x l theo chu k ny l dng
bnh thng ca kiu x l c s dng cho cc b iu khin logic kh trnh. i
vi nhiu ng dng, chng trnh ngi dng ton b c nh v trong OB chu k
chng trnh n l.
Ta c th to ra cc OB khc thc hin cc hm c trng, v d nh cc tc
v khi ng, dnh cho vic x k cc ngt v cc li, hay dnh cho thc thi m
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N HC PHN 2A

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

chng trnh c trng ti cc khong thi gian dng ring bit. Cc OB ny ngt vic
thc thi cc OB chu k chng trnh.
S dng hp thoi Add new block to ra cc OB mi trong chng trnh.
Ty thuc vo cc mc u tin
tng ng, mt DB c th ngt mt OB
khc. Vic x l ngt lun lun c
iu khin theo s kin. Khi mt s
kin xut hin, CPU ngt s thc thi
ca chng trnh ngi dng v gi OB
va c cu hnh thc thi s
kin . Sau khi hon thnh s thc thi
ca OB ang ngt, CPU khi phc s
thc thi chng trnh ngi dng ti
im ngt.
CPU xc nh mnh lnh dnh cho vic x l cc s kin ngt bng mt mc
u tin c gn n mi OB. Mi s kin ngt c mt mc u tin phc v ring
bit. Mt vi s kin ngt c th c t hp vo trong cc lp u tin.
To ra mt OB b sung nm trong mt lp OB
Ta c th to ra nhiu OB dnh cho chng trnh, c cho chu k chng trnh
v cc lp OB khi ng. S dng hp thoi Add new block to ra mt OB.
Nhp vo tn cho OB v nhp vo mt s hiu OB ln hn 200.
Nu ta to ra nhiu OB chu k chng trnh dnh cho chng trnh, COU thc
thi mi OB chu k chng trnh theo trnh t bng s, bt u vi OB chu k chng
trnh chnh (mc nh: OB 1). V d: sau khi OB chu k chng trnh u tin (OB 1)
hon thnh, CPU thc thi OB chu k chng trnh th hai (v d OB 200).
Cu hnh s hot ng ca mt OB

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ta c th chnh sa cc thng s vn
hnh ca mt OB. V d, c th cu
hnh thng s thi gian cho mt OB tr
hon thi gian hay cho mt OB theo
chu trnh.

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

4.3.2. Hm (FC).
Mt hm (FC) l mt khi m m thng thng n thc hin mt s vn hnh
c trng trn mt h thng cc gi tr ng vo. FC lu tr cc kt qu ca hot ng
ny trong cc vng nh.
S dng cc FC thc hin cc tc v sau y:
thc hin cc hot ng tiu chun v c th ti s dng, v d nh dnh cho
cc php ton.
thc hin cc hm v cng ngh, v d nh dnh cho iu khin c th s
dng php logic v bit.
Mt FC c th c gi nhiu ln ti cc im khc nhau trong chng trnh.
Vic s dng li ny lm n gin ha s lp trnh cc tc v lp li mt cch thng
xuyn.
Mt FC khng c khi d liu (DB) mu lin quan. FC s dng nhm d liu
cc b dnh cho cc d liu tm thi c s dng tnh ton. D liu tm thi
khng c lu li. lu tr d liu lu di, gn gi tr ng ra n mt khu vc nh
ton cc, nh b nh M hay n mt DB ton cc.

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

4.3.3. Khi hm (FB).

Khi hm l mt khi m s dng mt khi d liu mu cho cc thng s v d
liu tnh ca n. Cc FB c b nh bin c t trong mt khi d liu (DB), hay DB
mu. DB mu cung cp mt khi b nh c lin quan n gi tr mu (hay ln gi)
ca FB v lu tr d liu sau khi FB hon thnh. Ta c th kt hp cc DB mu
khc nhau vi nhng ln gi FB khc nhau. Cc DB mu cho php ta s dng mt FB
chung iu khin nhiu cc thit b. Ta cu trc chng trnh bng cch cho mt
khi m thc hin mt vic gi n mt FB v mt DB mu. CPU sau s thc thi
m chng trnh trong FB , v lu tr cc thng s khi v d liu cc b tnh trong
DB mu. Khi s thc thi ca FB hon thnh, CPU tr v khi m gi FB. DB mu
gi li cc gi tr cho gi tr mu ca FB. Cc gi tr ny c sn cho cc ln gi theo
tun t n khi hm c trong cng chu k qut hay trong cc chu k qut khc nhau.
Cc khi m c th s dng li vi b nh c lin quan
Thng thng ta s dng mt FB iu khin s vn hnh ca cc tc v m
chng khng hon thnh vic vn hnh ch trong mt chu k qut. lu tr cc
thng s vn hnh t chng c th c truy xut mt cch d dng t mt ln
qut n ln qut tip theo, mi FB trong chng trnh ngi dng c mt hay nhiu
hn cc DB mu. Khi gi mt FB, ta cn ch r mt DB mu cha cc thng s khi
v d liu cc b tnh cho vic gi hay cho mu ca FB. DB mu vn duy tr cc
d liu ny sau khi FB hon tt s thc thi.
Bng cch thit k FB cho cc tc v iu khin chung, ta c th s dng li FB
cho nhiu thit b bng cch la chn cc DB mu khc nhau i vi cc ln gi FB
khc nhau.
Mt FB lu tr cc thng s ng vo (IN), thng s ng ra (OUT) v thng s
vo/ra (IN_OUT) trong mt DB mu.
Gn cc gi tr ban u
Nu cc thng s ng vo, ng ra hay vo/ra ca mt khi hm (FB) khng
c gn cc gi tr, khi cc gi tr c lu tr trong khi d liu (DB) mu s
c s dng. Trong mt vi trng hp, ta phi gn gi tr cc thng s.
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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ta c th gn cc gi tr ban u vo cc thng s trong giao din FB. Cc gi

tr ny c truyn i n DB mu c lin quan. Nu ta khng gn gi tr cc thng s,
cc gi tr hin thi c lu tr trong DB mu s c s dng.
S dng mt FB n l vi cc DB
Hnh sau y th hin mt OB m OB gi mt FB 3 ln, bng cch s dng
mt khi d liu khc nhau cho mi ln gi. Cu trc ny cho php mt FB chung
iu khin nhiu thit b ging nhau, v d nh cc ng c, bng cch gn mi khi
d liu mu khc nhau cho mi ln gi cc thit b khc nhau. Mi DB mu lu tr
cc d liu (nh tc , thi gian tng ln, v tng thi gian hot ng) cho mi thit
b ring l. Trong v d ny, FB 22 iu khin 3 thit b ring bit, vi DB 201 lu tr
d liu hot ng cho thit b u tin, DB 202 lu tr d liu hot ng cho thit b
th hai, v DB 202 lu tr d liu hot ng cho thit b th ba.

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

4.3.4. Khi d liu (DB).

Ta to ra cc khi d liu (DB) trong chng trnh ngi dng lu tr d
liu cho cc khi m. Tt c cc khi chng trnh u c th truy xut d liu trong
mt DB ton cc, nhng mt DB mu th ch lu tr d liu cho mt khi hm (FB)
c trng. Ta c th xc nh mt DB ng vai tr ch c.
Cc d liu c lu tr trong mt DB s khng b xa khi s thc thi ca khi
m c lin quan kt thc. C hai kiu DB:
DB ton cc lu tr d liu cho cc khi m trong chng trnh. Bt k OB, FB
hay FC u c th truy xut d liu trong mt DB ton cc.
DB mu lu tr d liu cho mt FB c trng. Cu trc ca d liu trong mt
DB mu phn nh cc thng s (IN, OUT v IN_OUT) v d liu tnh ca FB.
(B nh Temp cho FB th khng c lu tr trong DB mu).

Lu
Mc d DB mu phn nh cc d liu cho mt FB c trng, tuy nhin bt k
m hm no cng c th truy xut d liu trong mt DB mu.

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4.4.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Hiu d liu mt cch thng nht.

CPU duy tr cc d liu mt cch thng nht cho tt c cc kiu d liu c bn

(v d nh kiu Word hay DWord) v tt c cc cu trc c xc nh trong h thng

(v d IEC_TIMERS hay DTL). Vic c hay ghi gi tr khng th b ngt. (V d,
CPU bo v vic truy xut n mt gi tr DWord cho n khi 4 byte DWord va
c c hay ghi). m bo rng cc OB chu k chng trnh v cc OB ngt
khng th ghi vo cng mt v tr nh ti cng thi im, CPU s khng thc thi mt
OB ngt cho n khi hot ng c hay ghi trong OB chu k chng trnh hon
thnh.
Nu chng trnh chia s nhiu d liu trong b nh gia mt OB chu k
chng trnh v mt OB ngt, chng trnh phi cn m bo rng cc d liu ny
c chnh sa hay c c mt cch thng nht. Ta c th s dng cc lnh
DIS_AIRT v EN_AIRT trong OB chu k chng trnh bo v bt k truy xut no
n cc d liu c chia s.
Chn vo mt lnh DIS_AIRT trong khi m m bo rng mt OB ngt
khng th c thc thi trong sut qu trnh hot ng c hay ghi.
Chn vo cc lnh c hay ghi cc gi tr m c th c thay i bi mt OB
ngt.
Chn vo mt lnh EN_AIRT ti im kt thc ca dy tun t b qua lnh
DIS_AIRT v cho php s thc thi ca OB ngt.
Mt yu cu truyn thng t mt thit b HMI hay CPU khc cn c th ngt s
thc thi ca OB chu k chng trnh. Cc yu cu truyn thng cn c th gy ra cc
ban hnh d liu nht qun. CPU m bo rng cc kiu d liu c bn lun lun c
c v c ghi mt cch nht qun bi cc lnh chng trnh ngi dng. V chng
trnh c ngt mt cch nh k bng vic truyn thng, n khng th bo m rng
tt c cc gi tr trong CPU s c cp nht ti cng thi im bi HMI. V d, cc
gi tr c hin th trn mt mn hnh HMI cho c th l t cc chu k qut khc
ca CPU.

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Cc lnh PtP, v cc lnh PROFINET (nh TSEND_C v TRCV_C) truyn cc

b m d liu m c th b ngt. m bo d liu nht qun cho cc b m d liu
bng cch trnh bt k hot ng c hay ghi n cc b m trong c OB chu k
chng trnh v OB ngt. Nu cn thit chnh sa cc gi tr m cho cc lnh ny
trong mt OB ngt, s dng lnh DIS_AIRT tr hon bt k s ngt no (mt OB
ngt hay mt ngt truyn thng t mt HMI hay mt CPU khc) cho n khi mt lnh
EN_AIRT c thc thi.

Lu
Vic s dng lnh DIS_AIRT tr hon s x l ca cc OB ngt cho n khi lnh
EN_AIRT c thc thi, nh hng n tr ngt (thi im tnh t s kin n thi
im khi OB ngt c thc thi) ca chng trnh ngi dng.

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4.5.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

La chn ngn ng lp trnh.

Ta c ty chn trong vic la chn c ngn ng lp trnh LAD (ladder logic)

hay FBD (Function Block Diagram).

Ngn ng lp trnh LAD
LAD l mt ngn ng lp trnh kiu ha. S hin th c da trn cc s
mch in.
Cc phn t ca mt s mch
in, nh cc tip im thng ng
hay thng m, v cc cun dy c
ni vi nhau to thnh cc mng.
to ra s logic cho cc thc thi phc tp, ta c th chn vo cc nhnh
to ra cc mch logic song song. Cc nhnh song song c m ra theo hng xung
hay c kt ni trc tip n thanh dn tn hiu. Ta kt thc cc nhnh theo hng
ln trn.
Cn ch n cc quy tc sau y khi to ra mt mng LAD:
Mi mng LAD phi kt thc bng mt cun dy hay mt lnh dng hp.
Khng c kt thc mt mng vi c lnh so snh (Compare) hay lnh pht
hin ngng (ngng dng hay ngng m).
Ta khng th to ra mt nhnh m c th a li kt qu l mt dng tn hiu
theo chiu ngc li.

Ta khng th to ra mt nhnh m c th gy nn ngn mch.

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ngn ng lp trnh FBD

Ging nh ngn ng LAD, ngn ng FBD cng l mt ngn ng lp trnh kiu
ha. S hin th ca mch logic c da trn cc biu tng logic ha s dng
trong i s Boolean.
Cc hm ton hc v cc hm
phc khc c th c th hin mt
cch trc tip trong s kt hp vi cc
hp logic. to ra logic cho cc vn
hnh phc tp, ta chn cc nhnh song
song gia cc hp.
Vic hiu bit v EN v ENO cho cc lnh hp
C ngn ng LAD v FBD u s dng dng tn hiu (EN v ENO) i vi
mt vi lnh hp. Cc lnh c nh (nh lnh ton hc v lnh di chuyn) hin th
cc thng s cho EN v ENO. Cc thng s ny lin quan n dng tn hiu v xc
nh khi no lnh c thc thi trong sut ln qut .
EN (Enable In) l mt ng vo Boolean cho cc hp trong ngn ng LAD v
FBD. Dng tn hiu (EN = 1) phi c hin din ti ng vo ny cho lnh
hp c thc thi. Nu ng vo EN ca mt hp LAD c kt ni trc tip
n thanh dn tn hiu bn tri, hp s lun lun c thc thi.
ENO (Enable Out) l mt ng ra Boolean cho cc hp trong ngn ng LAD v
FBD. Nu hp c dng tn hiu ti ng vo EN v hp thc thi cc chc nng
ca n m khng c li, khi ng ra ENO s cho dng tn hiu (ENO = 1) i
qua n phn t k tip. Nu mt li c pht hin trong qu trnh thc thi ca
lnh hp, dng tn hiu sau s b ngt (ENO = 0) ti hp lnh sinh ra li.

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N HC PHN 2A
Trnh son tho

Cc ng

chng trnh

vo/ng ra

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ton hng

Kiu d
liu

LAD

EN, ENO

Power Flow (dng tn hiu)

Bool

FBD

EN

I, I:P, Q, M, DB, Temp, Power Flow

Bool

ENO

Power Flow

Bool

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N HC PHN 2A

4.6.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Bo v chng sao chp.

Bo v chng sao chp hay bo

v b quyt cho php ta ngn mt hay

nhiu khi m (OB, FB, hay FC) trong
chng trnh khi vic truy cp khng
c php. Ta to ra mt mt khu
gii hn vic truy xut n khi m.
Khi ta cu hnh mt khi bo
v b quyt, m nm trong khi s
khng th c truy xut ngoi tr sau
khi nhp vo mt khu.
bo v chng sao chp mt khi, la chn lnh Know how protection t
trnh n Edit. Sau ta nhp vo mt mt khu cho php truy xut n khi.
S bo v bng mt khu s ngn chn vic c hay chnh sa khng c cho
php mt khi hm. Nu khng c mt khu, ta ch c th c cc thng tin sau y v
khi m:
Tiu khi, ch gii khi v cc thuc tnh ca khi.
Cc thng s truyn (IN, OUT, IN_OUT, Return)
Cu trc gi ca chng trnh
Cc th ghi tng th trong cc tham chiu cho (khng c thng tin trn im
s dng), nhng cc th ghi cc b b n.

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4.7.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ti xung cc phn t ca chng trnh.

Ta c th ti xung cc phn t ca n t cc thit b lp trnh n CPU. Khi

ta ti xung mt n, CPU s lu tr chng trnh ngi dng (cc OB, FC, FB v

DB) trong b nh thng trc.
Ta c th ti xung n t mt thit b lp trnh n CPU t bt k trong cc
khu vc sau:
Project tree: nhp chut phi
ln phn t chng trnh, sau
nhp vo mc chn Download
ph thuc vo ng cnh.
Trnh n Online: nhp vo
mc

chn

Download

to

device.
Thanh cng c: nhp vo biu
tng Download to device.

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N HC PHN 2A

4.8.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ti ln cc phn t ca chng trnh.

Ta c th ti ln tt c cc khi chng trnh v bng th ghi t mt CPU trc

tuyn (online) n mt n ngoi tuyn (offline), nhng khng th ti ln cu hnh

thit b hay cc bng quan st. Ta khng th ti ln vo trong mt n trng, m phi
c mt CPU ngoi tuyn c th ti ln. Ta khng th ti ln mt khi n l, m ch c
th ti ln ton b chng trnh. Nu mt vic ti ln c thc hin, CPU ngoi tuyn
s b xa (tt c cc khi v bng th ghi s b xa) trc vic ti ln sau mt cu hi
kim tra. Ta khng th chnh sa mt khi trong vng trc tuyn, m trc tin phi
ti ln n n mt vng ngoi tuyn, sau chnh sa ti v cui cng ti li tr v
PLC.
C hai cch thc hin vic ti ln: ko v th vo cy Project, hay ng b
ha trong trnh son tho Compare.
Ko v th vo cy n
1. To ra mt n mi.
2. Thm mt thit b CPU ph hp vi CPU m ta ang ti ln t .
3. M rng nt ca CPU mt ln th mc Program blocks nhn thy c.
4. T cy Project, m rng nt Online access, m rng nt cho mng mun c,
v nhp i chut ln Update accessible devices.
5. Sau khi cc CPU c sn c lit k, m rng nt ca CPU m ta quan tm.
6. Nhp chut tri v gi th mc Program blocks t vng Online access v
ko n n th mc Program blocks t vng ngoi tuyn, sau th chut.
Con tr ca chut phi chuyn sang + khi ta i qua vng hiu chnh.
7. Nn xem hp thoi Upload preview m. Nhp vo hp Continue v sau
nhp vo Upload from device.
8. Cho php vic ti ln hon thnh. Lc ny nn xem tt c cc khi chng
trnh, cc khi cng ngh v cc th ghi trong vng ngoi tuyn.
9. Do cu hnh thit b khng th c ti ln, s dng Device configuration
thit lp cc thuc tnh ca CPU mt cch th cng, bao gm c a ch IP
mong mun, v thm vo cc thit b khc n n ngoi tuyn.

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GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

Ta cn c th ko t vng trc tuyn n vng Program blocks ca mt

chng trnh c to sn. iu c ngha l, vng ngoi tuyn Program blocks
khng bt buc phi trng. Trong trng hp ny, chng trnh c to sn s b xa
v c thay th bi chng trnh trc tuyn.
ng b ha trong trnh son tho so snh
1. M n.
2. Trong cy Project, la chn CPU ngoi tuyn so snh.
3. M trnh son tho Compare bng cch nhp chut phi ln CPU ngoi
tuyn, hay bng cch la chn lnh Compare offline/online t trnh n
Menu.
4. Trnh son tho Compare lit k cc khc bit di th mc Program
blocks. Nhp vo biu tng trong ct thao tc. ti ln n, la chn
Upload from device.
5. Nhp vo nt Synchronize online and offline sao chp n t CPU trc
tuyn n CPU ngoi tuyn.

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N HC PHN 2A

4.9.

GVHD: ThS HONG NH KHI

G ri v kim tra chng trnh.

Ta s dng cc bng quan st gim st v chnh sa cc gi tr ca mt

chng trnh ngi dng ang c thc thi bi CPU trc tuyn. Ta c th to ra v
lu cc bng quan st khc nhau trong n h tr mt lot cc mi trng kim
tra. iu ny cho php ti thc hin cc kim tra trong sut vic th nghim hay cho
cc mc ch phc v v bo tr.
Vi mt bng quan st, ta c th gim st v tng tc vi CPU khi n thc thi
chng trnh ngi dng. Ta c th hin th hay thay i cc gi tr khng ch i vi
cc th ghi ca khi hm v khi d liu, m cn i vi cc vng nh ca CPU, bao
gm cc ng vo v ng ra (I v Q), cc ng vo v ng ra ngoi vi (I:P v Q:P), b
nh bit (M) v cc khi d liu (DB).
Vi bng quan st, ta c th kch hot cc ng ra vt l (Q:P) ca mt CPU
trong ch STOP. V d, ta c th gn cc gi tr c trng n cc ng ra khi kim
tra vic ni dy i vi CPU.
Bng quan st cn cho php ta bt buc hay thit lp mt th ghi n mt gi
tr c trng.

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