You are on page 1of 23

. -, . , . , .

,
. , .,
:
-Warburton,
: , 2003, . 87-107


.
...,

1.
, Larsen-Freeman & Long (1991: 5),
(..
Hatch 1978, Raimes 1983) (SLA: Second
Language Acquisition),
60.

.
- -. A


, ,
, learner.1 [88]


, Corder (1967) Selinker (1972).
(Error Analysis)
. Corder (1981),
Richards (1984). , . Mackey (1965).
(1996: 19)
, . .
, . Selinker (1992), Ellis (1985, 1994, 1997), Klein (1986),
Cook (2001), Larsen-Freeman & Long (1991), Sharwood Smith (1994).

1.1 ;

/
, - .
(
1996, & 2001, , &
2000 , , )

(/ ,
)
.

.
. ,
, (,
, , )

.

,
.

, , .
,

.2
.
(
, , ,

, . , . (1999).

, . 2

) [89]
. .

,


, ,
, .

(,

/, )


.
,

, , ,

,
, ,
.
: ; (.
, 2.3).
1.2 ;
,
,
.

/ .
(

, . 3

/ / .
.. (,
, )
/ .
[90]
3 , , .

.
,
.4 , , ,
, , , ,
.

, ,
( 1946:
74-92). ,
,
, ,
( 1916 . 1952,
). ,
, ,
() .
, , ,
,
, .
,
3


, .
,
(. ).

-Warburton (1994: 48)


[ ]
. ,
.

, . 4

,5
[91] ,
.
.
.. (1941) ,
(1948).
: ,
, , , ,

,
- .
: , .
,

:
(, , )
, .
: ,

(, ).
,
,6
: ,
,
,
. ,
5

.. - .. (2002) .. (1993) .
& (1996/1999/2001)
() (reference
grammar).
6

. /
www.komvos.edu.gr
/ www.nglt.uoa.gr. . (1996), Joycey (2001), ( ).

, . 5

, ,
.
( ) .7
,
. [92]
,
, .
,
, .. , , .. (. Warburton 2001).
, ,
, ,
.
.8
1.3 ;

/
, :
.
.
,
, , ... (LarsenFreeman & Long 1991: 7, Sharwood Smith 1994: 7, ..).
/ ,
, .

.. Holton, Mackridge &


-Warburton (1997: 116)
- .. (2002), .. (1993).

-
.

, . 6

,
. ..
()

( 2000: 24). ,
: : : :

[93] .
: /
,

,

. ,

. :
:
.

: , .. ,


(. , &

2001).

(
, , ..
),

,

, . 7


.
, -
(..
)
. ,
(
)
(1997: 132-33 . Klein 1986: 19-20, LarsenFreeman & Long 1991: 6, Sharwood Smith 1994: 7, 208, ..).
, [94] :

,
.
, ,
(, & 2002),

,

,
. ,
, ,

. ,


(, , ), ,
() ,
, / ,
.

( 2001: 42, 58). ( )
.
,

, . 8


, ..

.
.
,


.
[95] ,
(< second language)
, , ,

.
2.
,
,
. (Joseph &
-Warburton 1986, Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton 1997,
& 1996/1999/2001)
.

, , ,
.
, .
(
1941

. , -
.

, . 9

1994)

.

; ;
.
2.1
.
-Warburton (2001: 94-96).10

[96]
,

( 2001: 94).
,
, .
-Warburton (..),

.

pro-drop (
, ).
pro-drop, .
:
(.. John runs, He runs, *Runs). ,
:
.
, ,
. , , pro10

. Philippaki-Warburton (1990: 61-62). . White (1985), Hilles (1986), Cook (2001: 3437, 181 ..), Ellis (1994: 429 ..).

, . 10

drop, ,

, ,

().

( )
, . ,

( , ,
() , () ).
,
, ,
. (. Lascaratou 1984: . 6).
(pro-drop),
,
.

[97] ,

. ,

.
, pro-drop , , ,
, ,
.

.

,
(
).
.

, . 11

2.2
; ,
,
( , . -Warburton 2001).
.
H
, (Ellis
1984),
(
) .
:
()
(Selinker 1972, Bley-Vroman 1989).

.
,
, (. -Warburton 1999).
[98] ,
. ,

, . ..
, .
. (Doughty & Williams,
. 1998, Ellis 1997: . 2, Cook 2001: . 2)

,
,
.

.

, . 12

( pro-drop),
,
. (
)
( ).
,
,
(Rutherford & Sharwood Smith 1988).
, ,
(Krashen 1981 & 1987).
Wittgenstein:
, .
2.3 ;
-

.


.
[99]

.


.

(. McCarthy-Carter 1994: 160-6, Widdowson,
1990: 97, Rutherford 1987: 104).

.

, . 13




. ,
( ,
, , . .)

. (Cook, 2001: 43, 141 ..),

-.

,
.
..

. ,
(, .
2000 & 2000, & 1996),

(

. & [100] 1997).

.
.

/ , ,
, .
(.
1997, .. 2001 . ..

, . 14

1998, , .
2001). , , :
, , ,
, (speech acts), ,
. (1997) .. (2001)


() (
)

(. Council of Europe 1996,
).
.

,

-
,
.
,
-

. o
.

, ,
. , [101]
,
-

, . 15

. ,
.11
3.


.
,

.

, .

,
[102]
( ) (
).
.


11

(. . 1)
, ,
,

.
,
. , :
,
. ,
, ,
,
: , ,
, ,
, , .
/
.

, . 16

.
(. )

( , ).
,

.
-Warburton
(Joseph & -Warburton 1986,
Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton 1997),12

(Philippaki-Warburton 1990, -Warburton 1994, 1999, 2001-),

( , . ,
2002-2004,
. )

.13 [103]

, ., , . & , ., . (2000).
/ :
( , 2-3/4/1999). : .

12

. (1999). Holton, Mackridge & -Warburton


,
.
13


2001
2002-2004,
-Warburton. ,
, .

, . 17

-, . .. (2002). , 3 .
: ... - -
( . 1988).
, . & , , . (2001).
( ,
, 6-8 , 2000), 2 . : .
, . . (2001). .
4: 36-61.
, M. (2000).
. . , .
& . (.). /
: . : , 1328.
, ., . (1999). :
.
. : ....
, ., . (2001). /
: .
: ....
.. (1998).
.. (
1 2: ). : .
, . (1996). ;. (1996),
. :
, 19-24.
, . .. (2001). :
. : .
/ (1996).
( , , 9 .
1995). : .

, . 18

/ (1996).
( , , 9 .
1995). : .

(1997).

. : .
, . & , . (1996/1999/2001), ,
. : , . : , . : . :
.
, . (1999). .
98: 506-519.
, . .. (1993). . :
.
, . (1977).
. . (.),
. : Gutenberg, 131-143.
, . & , . ( ).
/ .
: 2002-2004.
, ., ., & , . (2002).
.
. & . (.),
:

, 434-445.
, . (1916). . .
( , 253-283.)
, . (1946). ( , 6).
. ( Z, 407-560.)
, . (1948). . :
, 1965 ().
, . (1952). : . . ( ,
65-144.)

, . 19

, ., .. (1941). ( ).
:

.
,

(1994).

/:

/.
-Warburton, . (1994). .
( ) 13: 45-62.
-Warburton, . (1999).
. . & . (.).
: -
( 26-28/6/1998). : ...., 355-368.
-Warburton, . (2001). . .
(.), .
: ...., 92-101
-Warburton, . (2001).
. . & . (.),
, .
: , 142-152.
-Warburton, . (2001) .
2.1-2: 33-46.
, , . & , . (2001).
. . (.),
/ :
. :
..., 176-179.
, . & , . (1997).
: . : .
, ., . (2000). (
): . :
/ .

, . 20

, ., . (2000). (
): . :
/ .
, . & , . (1996), T /
: . : .
-Joycey, . . (2001). /
: . : .

*
Andersen, R., . (1981). New dimensions in Second Language Acquisition
Research. Rowely, Mass: Newbury House.
Bley-Vroman, R. (1989). What is the logical problem of second language learning?
S. M. Gass & J. Schachter (.), Linguistic Perspectives on Second
Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 41-68.
Cook, V. (2001). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching, 3 .
London: Arnold.
Corder, S. (1967). The significance of learners errors. IRAL 5: 161-70.
Corder, S. (1981). Error Analysis and Interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Council of Europe (1996) Modern Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. A
Common European Framework of Reference. Strasbourg.
Doughty, C. & Williams, J., . (1998). Focus on Form in Classroom Second
Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ellis, R. (1984). Classroom Second Language Development. New York: Prentice Hall.
Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Ellis, R. (1994). The Study of Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Ellis, R. (1997). SLA Research and Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.

, . 21

Hatch, E., . (1978). Second Language Acquisition: A Book of Readings. Rowley,


Mass.: Newbury House.
Hilles, S. (1986). Interlanguage and the pro-drop parameter. Second Language
Research 2, 33-52.
Holton, D., Mackridge, P. & Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1997). Greek: A
Comprehensive Grammar of the Modern Language. London: Routledge.
( , . . . : ,
1998.)
Joseph, . D. & Philippaki-Warburton, I. (1986). Modern Greek. London: Groom
Helm.
Klein, W. (1986). Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Krashen, S. (1981). Second Language Acquistion and Second Language Learning.
Oxford: Pergamon.
Krashen, S. (1987). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. New
York: Prentice Hall.
Larsen-Freeman, D. & Long, M. H. (1991). An Introduction to Second Language
Acquisition Research. London: Longman.
Lascaratou, Ch. (1984). The Passive Voice in Modern Greek. .
University of Reading, Department of Linguistic Science.
Mackey, W. F. (1965). Language Teaching Analysis. London: Longman.
Mackridge, P. (1985). The Modern Greek Language. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. (H , . . . . : ,
1990.)
McCarthy, M. & Carter, R. (1994). Language Dirscourse: Perspectives for Language
Teaching. London: Longman.
Philippaki-Warburton, . (1990). Linguistic theory and Modern Greek. M.
Roussou & S. Panteli (.), Greek outside Greece, 5.ii. Athens: Diaspora
Books for the Greek Language Research Group, 53-66
Raimes, A. (1983). Tradition and Revolution in ESL Teaching. TESOL Quarterly 17:
535-52.

, . 22

Richards, J. C., . (1984). Error Analysis: Perspectives on Second Language


Acquisition. London: Longman
Rutherford , W. & Sharwood Smith, M. (1988) Grammar and Language Teaching.
Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House.
Rutherford, W. (1987). Second Language Grammar: Learning and Teaching.
London: Longman.
Selinker, L. (1972). Interlanguage. IRAL 10.3: 219-31.
Selinker, L. (1992). Rediscovering Interlanguage. London: Longman.
Sharwood Smith, M. (1994). Second Language Learning: Theoretical Foundations.
London: Longman.
Stern, H. (1983). Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
White, L. (1985). The pro-drop parameter in adult second language acquisition.
Language Learning 35: 47-62.
Widdowson, H. (1990). Aspects of Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.

, . 23

You might also like