Bi 4.

Khi t = t1, vi = 10v D: OFF, ta c mch tng ng:

p dng bi tp 1.13 chng I, ta c:

v o t 10

1 2 t/ 2
R
e
1

R Rr
2

Vi 1 Rr.Cp 0.05 s

Cp
5pF
Rr

2 R.C 1,5 s

v o t 10

10k

100 0,05 1,5 t/1,5

1
e

100 10
1,5

vo (0) 0.273V

vo (1 s ) 4.57V

v o t 9,1 1 0,97e t/ 2

Khi t = t2, vi = -10v D: ON, ta c mch tng ng:

Vi

R
100k

C
15pF

 v o t 10

1 2 t/ 2
R
e
1

R Rf
2

Cp
5pF
Rf

Vi 1 Rf .Cp 0.5ns

10k

2 R.C 1,5 s

R
100k

Vi

v o t 10 1 e t/ 2

vo (1 s ) 4,86V

v o t 10 1 e t/

vo (1,1 s ) 5, 2V

vi

t
T1

T2

Vo

1us

Bi 4.3

1,1us

C
15pF

Tng qut:

Z1
sC1
R1

Z2
sC2
R2

Vo s Vi

Z2
K s Vi s
Z1 Z2

Z2
R2 1 1s

Z1 Z2 R1 R2 1 2s

Trong : 1 R1C1 v 2

R1R2
C1 C2
R1 R2

Khi D ON R1 = Rf = 1k
1 = R1 C1 = 1k * 5p = 5. 10-9
2 =

1 2
1 + 2

( C1 +C2) = 1.81. 10-8

Khi D OFF R1 = Rr = 100k

1 = R1 C1 = 100k * 5p = 5. 10-7
2 =

1 2
1 + 2

( C1 +C2) = 1.81. 10-7

xt ch c Vi
Khi Vi = 10v D On R1 = Rf = 1k

V0 =

=10

2
1 + 2

1 2

(1 +

10

5.109 1.81.108

(1 +

1+ 10

(2) )

1.81.108

)
1.81.108

Khi Vi = - 10v D Off R1 = Rr = 100k

V0 =

2
1 + 2

=10

1 2

(1 +

10

(1 +

100+ 10

(2)

5.107 1.81.107
1.81.108

)
1.81.107

Xt ch c Vr
t C=C1+C2=20p
Z= Rf //C
Vo(s)=VR.

Vo(s)=VR(s).
=VR(s).

Vo(t)= VR.

++..

(+).(1+

..
)
+

.(1 )

Vi = C. R* =C. (Rf // R)=1,82 . 10^-12

Vy ng ra Vo l chng chp gia 2 ng ra do Vi v Vr gy ra

Khi Vi=10v th ( D on)

Ta c
R1 = Rf = 1k
R2 =R=10k
1 = R1 C1 = 1k * 5p = 5. 10-9

2 =

1 2
1 + 2

( C1 +C2) = 1.81. 10-8

= C. R* =C. (Rf // R)=1,82 . 10^-12

Vo(t )=VR.

.(1 )+

(1 +

1 2
2

Khi Vi=-10v th (D OFF)

1 = R1 C1 = 100k * 5p = 5. 10-7
2 =

1 2
1 + 2

( C1 +C2) = 1.81. 10-7

= C. R* =C. (Rf // R)=1,82 . 10^-12

Vo(t)= VR.

.(1 )+

Vo(0)=2.51
Vo(1us-)=9.27
Vo(1us+)=-8.97

(1 +

1 2
2

(2)

(2)

Nhm 8
Bi 4.5
a) Cho diode l tng v Vo theo Vin

Khi Vi < 0 th D1 off, D2 off => 0V l mc xn di

Vi 0 Vin < VA :D1 on v D2 off
R1
A

R2

=
2

Vi VA = Vin/2> 10v th D2 on => Vi 20V th D1 on, D2 on

Vy 0V Vin < 20v : D1 on D2 off

= =

Vi Vin > 20v : D1 on ,D2 on => Vo= 10v

V c tuyn truyn t :

b) Vi Vin= 40sin()

20v
10v

Bi 4.6
gi s diode l tng, v c tuyn hm truyn vo theo vi t 0 ->50V.

0 vi v1

v0 6

5k
3V
5k 5k

3 vi v2

D1 dn , D2&D3 tt

v1 3V

D1&D3 dn, D2 tt

vi
6
2v
)(2,5k / /5k ) i 2
2,5k 5k
3
v .5k
v
v0 th
i 1,5
Rth 5k 2

vth (

v0

vi
1,5 6
2

9 vi v3

vi 5k
2v
i
5k 2,5k
3
2v
v0 i 20
3

Rth 2,5k / /5k

5k
3

v2 (6 1,5) 2 9V

D3 dn,D1&D2 tt

v0

30 vi 50

v3 30V

D2&D3 dn,D1 tt

20
4v
v
vth i
(2,5k / /10k ) i 4

5
2,5k 10k
5k
4v
5 4v 20
v0 vth
i 4 i
5k Rth 5
7
7 7

Rth 2,5k / /10k 2k

35

31.43

30
25
20

20
15

10

5 3

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Vi

Bi 4.7

D2 dng b nhit, Rf=50 , Rr=, V=0

a, V c tuyn truyn t ca V0 theo Vi, chng minh rng mch 1 c 1 im gy m rng.
b, v c tuyn truyn t nu b D2 v dch chuyn R thay th ch D2.
c, chng minh rng 2 im gy cu a s mt nu Rf<<R.

bi lm
Xt tn hiu khi c 3 phn t R, D2 v ngun DC th p trn R bng 9.9V.Vy
a/ Ta thy, khi Vi<9.9v th D1 tt, D2 dn nn Vo s bng p trn R
Vo = 9.9v

Khi 9.9Vi<10, th D1 dn, D2 dn

Tng tr trn mch
Rx= ( R//Rf )+ Rf = Rz+Rf = (5000//50)+50=99.5

p ng ra V0 =

. 49.5
=
= 0.49Vi
99.5

Khi p Vi10v0 th D1 dn, D2 tt v p u ra V0 s l :

V 0=

5000
5000+50

=0.99Vi

Ta c c tuyn Vo, Vi

V0

dc 0.99
9.9v
im gy m rng

10v
9.9v

Vi

Nhn vo th, trong on Vi t 9.9 n 10 dc c tuyn l 0.49, t 10 tr i th l 0.99, v im ny

rt nh v gn nn y l im gy m rng.

b, Khi b D2 v dch chuyn R thay th ch D2.

Ta thy khi Vi<10v D1 th tt nn p u ra Vo=10v

Khi Vi10v, th D1 dn, vi Rf=50
Vo=

.1

.5000

1+ 5000+50

0.99Vi

V0

dc 0.99
10

10

Vi

c/ Ta tm li cng thc cu a,
xt tn hiu khi c 3 phn t R, D2 v ngun DC th VR1=

.1
1+

Vy :

.1

Khi Vi< VR1 th D1 tt v D2 dn, p ng ra V0 =

.1

Khi

1+

V0 =

1+

Vi < 10V, th D1 dn, D2 dn

.(1//)
(1//)+

..1
(1)
(1.)+(1+)

Khi Vi>10V th D1 dn, D2 tt

V 0=

.1

1+

. (2)

Ta nhn thy, trong biu thc 1 v 2 th dc ca Vi l khc nhau, y l nguyn nhn gy ra

im gy m rng trong on

khi Rf<<R th on

.1
1+

.1
1+

Vi < 10V

cng ngy cng tin ti Vdc = 10v, => cng ngy cng thu hp rng ca im

gy, n khi 1 mc no , th im gy s khng cn v c tuyn ng ra s ging cu b.

Bi 4.12
/ mch tng ng khi D on v D off:

1 = (Rf + Rs)C = 0.1 ms

2 = (R + Rs)C = 10ms

0 t < 0.1 ms: Vi = 0 => V0 = 0, Vc (0.1-)= 0

t < 0.2 ms: Vi = 5V => V0(t) = + (Vi-Vc(0.1-)) (2)/1

V0 = 2.5 (0.1)/0.1
V0(0.1+) = 2.5V
V0(0.2-) = 0.92V
V0(0.2-) = 4.18V

0.2 t < 0.3 ms: Vi = -5V => D off

V0(t)= + (Vi-Vc(0.2-)) (0.2)/10

M do 2 rt ln hn so vi thi gian x nn xem nh C khng x
V0 = -5 Vc(0.1-) = -9.08V v Vc(0.3-) = 4.08V

0.3 t < 0.4 ms: Vi = 10V

Tng t biu thc khi D on: V0(t) = 2.96 (0.3)/1
V0(0.3+) = 2.96V , V0(0.4-) = 1.08V,
Vc(0.4-) = 8.911V
t 0.4 ms: Vi = 0V => D off tng t C khng x
V0(t) = -Vc(0.4-) = 8.911 V, Vc(0.4+) = 8.911 V

Bi 4.13

 0 t <0.1 ms vi = 10v , vc(0-) =0 , D ON

1 = (Rf + Rs) C = (100 + 5k) 0.5. 10-6 = 2.55 ms
v0(t) =

[(1 (1 )] (1)/1 =

100
100+5

(10 0) /2.55

v0 (0+) = 0.196
v0 (0.1-) = 0.1885
vc (0.1-) = 1 0 (1 )

= 10 -0.1885

5+100
100

= 0.386 v

0.1 t <0.2 ms vi = 0v , vc(0.1-) =0.386 , D OFF

2 = (R + Rs) C = (15k + 5k) 0.5. 10-6 = 10 ms
2 = 10ms >

= 0.1 ms nn xem nh C2 khng x

v0 = vc (0.1-) = -0.386v
vc (0.2-) 0.386v
0.2 t <0.3 ms vi = 10v , vc(0.2-) =0.386v , D ON
1 = (Rf + Rs) C = (100 + 5k) 0.5. 10-6 = 2.55 ms
v0(t) =

[(1 (1 )] (1)/1

100

= 100+5 (10 0.386) (0.2)/2.55

v0 (0.2+) = 0.1885
v0 (0.3-) = 0.181
vc (0.3-) = 1 0 (1 )

= 10 -0.181

5+100
100

= 0.769 v

0.3 t <0.4 ms vi = 0v , vc(0.3-) =0.769 , D OFF

2 = 10ms >

= 0.1 ms nn xem nh C2 khng x

v0 = vc (0.3-) = -0.769v
vc (0.4-) = 0.769v
0.4 t <0.5 ms vi = 10v , vc(0.4-) =0.769v , D ON ,1 = 2.55 ms
v0(t) =

[(1 (1 )] (1)/1

100

= 100+5 (10 0.769) (0.4)/2.55

v0 (0.4+) = 0.181

v0 (0.5-) = 0.174
vc (0.5-) = 1 0 (1 )

= 10 -0.174

5+100
100

= 1.126 v

0.5 t <0.6 ms vi = 0v , vc(0.5-) =1.126 , D OFF

2 = 10ms >

= 0.1 ms nn xem nh C2 khng x

v0 = vc (0.5-) = -1.126v
vc (0.6-) = 1.126v
0.6 t <0.7 ms vi = 10v , vc(0.6-) =1.126v , D ON , 1 = 2.55 ms
v0(t) =

[(1 (1 )] (1)/1

100

= 100+5 (10 1.126) (0.6)/2.55

v0 (0.6+) = 0.174
v0 (0.7-) = 0.167
vc (0.7-) = 1 0 (1 )
Dng sng ng ra:

= 10 -0.167

5+100
100

= 1.483v

Bi 4.15

a)

t=0- Vi=-V/2 : D off

VA(0-) = Vi (V2/R)(Rs+R) = -V/2 (V2/R)(Rs+R)

t=0+ Vi=V : D on

VA (0+ )=V/2 (V1 /Rf )(Rs + Rf )

in p trn t khng t bin =>

VA (0+ ) = VA(0-)

V/2 + (V2 /R)(Rs+R)=V/2-(V1 /Rf )(Rs + Rf )

V= (V1 /Rf )(Rs + Rf ) + (V2 /R)(Rs+R)

 V= (V1 /Rf )(Rs + Rf ) + (V1 /Rf)(Rs+R)

V= (V1 /Rf )(2Rs + Rf + R) = (V1 /Rf )(2Rs + R) v Rf <<R
V1 = VRf /(2Rs + R) v -V2 = VR/(2Rs + R)

c) V/V2 = V(Rf+R)/(2Rs+R)=10k/(2Rs+10k) 0.99

Rs 50.5 (Ohm)

Bi 4.16
Trong mch kp hnh 4.11 ( l thuyt), Rf = 100, Rr =, V =0, R =100K.Dng sng ng vo l xung vung V=30V, T1
=50s ,T2 =1000s.
a) Rs = 0 v C rt ln. Tnh v v dng sng xc lp ng ra.

b) Lp li a nu RS =100
c) Lp li b nu C =0,05F
d) Lp li C nu V =0,7V

VS

Vi

+
V0

a. Rs = 0 v C rt ln
Gi V1 l bin phn xung dng ca ng ra, bin

+
+

30- V1 .

Vi

phn xung m l

V0

RS 0

b.

Af
Ar

R
50V1
100
f
V1 0,6V
1000(30 V1 ) R 100k

Rs = 100 v C rt ln.

R f Rs
Rf

V1

R Rs '
V2 2V1 V2' 30
R

V2' V2e T2 /( R Rs )C V2

(C )

2V1 V2 30

Af
Ar
Ta li c :

R
V1T1
50V1
100

f
| V2 | T2 1000(30 2V1 ) R 100k

V1 0.6(V );V2 28,8(V)

(4.18)
(4.21)

c. Rs = 100 , C =0,05F

Cch 1: p dng cng thc (4.27) (4.28) (4.29) v mch kp thc t:

V1' 0
V2

R
V 29,97(V )
R RS
t

V V2 e 29,97 e

'
2

V1 (V V2'

T2
( RS R )C

24,54(V )

Rf
R Rs
)
2,73(V)
R
R f Rs

Cch 2 : Gii theo qu

Khi vi (t ) V , Diode dn :

v0 (t )

(V C )
(30 C )

C C (t1 )

Rf / / R
R f / / R Rs

e (t t1 )/1

e (t t1 )/10
2

Khi vi (t ) 0 , Diode tt :

C C (t2 )

1 R f / / R Rs C R f Rs C 10 s

v0 (t )

Rr / / R
e (t t2 )/ 2
Rr / / R Rs

2 Rr / / R Rs C R Rs C 5000 s

C e (t t2 )/5000

0 t 50 s :

C 0

50 t 1050 s :

C 30 30e T /10 29.7979

v0 (t )

15e t /10

v0 (t )

29.7979e (t 50)/5000

1050 t 1100 s : C 29.7979e T2 /5000 24.3964

v0 (t )

2.8018e (t 1050)/10

1100 t 2100 s : C 30 2.8018e T1 /10 29.9811

v0 (t )

29.9811e ( t 1100)/5000

2100 t 2150 s : C 29.9811e T2 /5000 24.5465

v0 (t )

2.7268e (t 2100)/10

2150 t 3150 s : C 30 2.7268e T1 /10 29.9816 v0 (t )

29.9816 e (t 2150)/5000

3150 t 3200 s : C 29.9816 e T2 /5000 24.5469

2.7266e (t 3150)/10

v0 (t )

Vy mch xc lp chu k th 4.

d. Rs = 100 , C =0,05F , V 0.7

C C (t1 )

Khi vi (t ) V , Diode dn :

v0 (t )

(V C V )

Rf / / R
R f / / R Rs

e (t t1 )/1 V

1 R f / / R Rs C R f Rs C 10 s

e (t t1 )/10
(29.3 C )
0,7
2
Khi vi (t ) 0 , Diode tt :

v0 (t )

Rr / / R
e (t t2 )/ 2
Rr / / R Rs

C e (t t2 )/5000

C C (t2 )
2 Rr / / R Rs C R Rs C 5000 s

Dng sng tng t cu c.

Da vo cch thit lp cc cng thc tnh xc lp t 4.18 n 4.21,thit lp cc cng thc mi tm

V1,V1,V2,V2 khi diode c phn cc VR(VR=V) !

Bi 4.16
Mch kp hnh 4.11, Rf = 100, Rr = ,
V = 0, R = 100K
Dng sng ng vo l xung vung V =
30V, T1 = 50s, T2 = 1000s.
a) Rs = 0 v C rt ln. Tnh v v dng
sng xc lp ng ra
b) Lp li cu a vi Rs = 100
c) Lp li cu b vi C = 0,05F
d) Lp li cu c nu V = 0,7V
Gii
Mch tng ng (cha xt V):

Tng qut (cha xt V) :

Ti t < 0 : Diode tt

R RS
V2 '
R
Khi 0 < t T1 : Diode dn
R RS
v A 0 V ' f
V1
Rf

v A 0 V "

v A 0 v A 0

V '

R f RS
R RS
V1 V "
V2 '
Rf
R

Rf RS
R RS
V1
V2 ' V' V"
Rf
R

RS R f
V1 '
Rf
Khi T1 < t T2 : Diode tt
R Rf
v A T1 V " S
V2
Rf

v A T1 V '

v A T1 v A T1

V "

R f RS
R RS
R RS
R RS
V2 V '
V1 ' f
V1 '
V2 V' V"
Rf
R
Rf
R

Ngoi ra :

V1 ' V1e

T1 / Rf RS C

V2 ' V2e 1 S
Tm li, ta c h 4 phng trnh sau :

T / RR C

R f RS
R RS
V1
V2 ' V' V" 1
Rf
R

R f RS
R RS
V1 '
V2 V' V" 2
Rf
R

V1 ' V1e

3
T / R R C
V2 ' V2e
4

T1 / Rf RS C

a) Khi RS = 0, C rt ln, thay vo 4 phng trnh :

V1 V2 ' 30 1a

V1 ' V2 30 2a

V1 ' V1 3a

V2 ' V2 4a

V1 V2 30 5a

A f Rf
1

3
A r R 10

Mc khc,

A f T1.V1

A r T2 . V2

V1
1

6a
V2 50

Thay vo phng trnh (5) :

V1 V1 ' 0,59V

V2 V2 ' 29,41V

b) RS = 100, C vn rt ln, thay vo 4 phng trnh :

2V1 V2 ' 30 1b

2V1 ' V2 30 2b

V1 ' V1 3b

V2 ' V2 4b

2V1 V2 30(5b)
Kt hp vi phng trnh (6a) ta c :
V1 V1 ' 0,58V

V2 V2 ' 28,85V

c) Rs = 100, C = 0,05F, thay vo 4 phng trnh, ta c :

2V1 V2 ' 30 1c

2V1 ' V2 30 2c

V1 ' 6,74.10 3.V1 3c

V2 ' 0,82V2 4c

V1 2,72V

V1 ' 0,02V

V2 29,96V
V ' 24,57V
2

d) Khi V = 0,7V :
Vi t < 0 : Diode tt

R RS
V2 '
R
Vi 0 t < T1 : Diode dn
R RS
VA 0 V ' f
V1 V V
Rf

VA 0 V "

VA 0 VA 0

Rf RS
R RS
R RS
V1
V2 ' V ' V " V f
V 1d
Rf
R
Rf

R f RS
V1 ' V V
Rf
Vi T1 t < T2 : Diode tt
R RS
V2
VA T1 V "
R
VA T1 VA T1

VA T1 V '

Rf RS
R RS
R RS
V1 '
V2 V ' V " V f
V 2d
Rf
R
Rf

Ngoi ra :

3d
T / R R C
V2 ' V2e
4d

V1 ' V1e

T1 / Rf RS C

Thay s vo cc phng trnh, ta c h sau :

2V1 V2 ' 30,7

2V1 ' V2 30,7

3
V1 ' 6,74.10 V1
V ' 0,82V
2
2

Gii h, ta c
V1 2,78V

V1 ' 0,02V

V2 30,66V
V ' 25,14V
2

Bi 4.17
a)
10ms
Af

V1

1ms

Ar
20-V1
Gi bin phn xung dng l V1, bin phn xung m l 20-V1
Ta c:

= (201 )10 =
1

10
1

= 0.01

Suy ra: 1 1,82

b)
Nu o chiu diode, Ar phn dng xung v Af phn m xung
Ta c:

(201 )10
1

Suy ra: 1 19,98

c)
R=1M

10
1

= 0.01

Cu a):

= (201 )10 =

10
1

= 105

Suy ra: 1 2.103

Cu b):

(201 )10
1

10
1

= 105

Suy ra: 1 20

Bi 4.20
Opamp l tng, smith trigger o
Ta c so snh vi +
Dng phng php chng chp :
+ =

2
1
+

1 + 2
1 + 2 0

Dc tnh vng tr.

Ban u , > 0: 0 =

= :
= + =

2
1
+

1 + 2
1 + 2

Tng dn 0 =
= :
= + =
rng vng tr:
= = 2

1 + 2

2
1

1 + 2
1 + 2

Nhm 1:
Ng Tun Anh
41100090
Ha Minh Tun
41204264
Nguyn o Ngc Hong

Bi 5.1
a)Tnh thi gian mono ca mch monostable

Ti T=0+:

Q1 off, Q2 sat, in p tch trn t C:

VC(0-)=VA=VCC-VBES
p dng hng v cc CQ1
Ti T=0+:

Mch tng ng:

Bin i Laplace mch:

Dng in I:
VCC VCES VA 2VCC VBES VCES
s
R
I ( s)

1
1
R
S
sC
RC

=> VB 2 ( s )

VCC
V
2V VBES VCES
RI ( s ) CC CC
1
s
s
s
RC

=> VB 2 (t ) VCC (2VCC VBES VCES )e

t
RC

Vi VB 2 (T ) V , suy ra:

2V VBES VCES
T RC ln CC

VCC V

T T1 T2 0,69 R1C1 0,69 R2C2

b)Tnh chu k dao ng ca mch astable

Khi Q1 bo ha, Q2 tt:

T C np t Vcc qua R v C xung t,mch tng ng:

Tng t nh trn, ta c:
2V VBES VCES
T1 R1C1 ln CC
0,69 R1C1

V
CC

2V VBES VCES
T2 R2C2 ln CC
0,69 R2C2

V
CC

Chu k dao ng:

T T1 T2 0,69 R1C1 0,69 R2C2

Bi 5.2
Kim chng li cc biu thc tnh thi gian mono T, chu k dao ng T mch astable ghp EC.

Kim chng li T1 :
Ti t 0 : Q2 sat , Q1off :
VB 2 (0 ) VBES VE 2 VBES
VA VC (0 ) VCC VB 2 (0 )

RE
VCC VCES
RE RC 2

Ti t 0 : Q2off,Q1 dn ch ng : Mch tng ng

Xt ngun VCC tc ng :

Ta thy : VB 21 VCC

Xt ngun VC (0 ) tc ng :

Mch thng thng v chia p :

R
t / R R C
VB 22 VC (0 )
e C1
R RC1

VCC VB 2 (0 )

R
t / R R C
e C1
R RC1

Xt ngun I E1 tc ng :
VE1 V VBE1 , I E1

VE1 V VE1

RE
RE

VB 23

Mch thng thng v chia p :

R
t / R R C
I E1 RC1
e C1
R RC1

RC1

VB 2 (t ) VB 21 VB 22 VB 23 VCC

V VE1
R
t / R R C
e C1
RE R RC1

V VE1
R
VCC VB 2 (0 )
RC1
R RC1
RE

Ta c : VB 2 (T1 ) VE1 V 2 V VBE1 V 2

Kim chng li T2 :
Ti t T1 :

VB 2 (T1 ) VE1 V 2
VC (T1 ) VC1 (T1 ) VB 2 (T1 ) VCC I1RC1 VE1 V 2

Ti t T1 : Q2 sat , Q1off : Mch tng ng

Xt ngun VCC tc ng :

Mch thng thng v chia p :

VB 21 VCC

1 RE et / 1R R
1 RE RC1
E

C1

Xt ngun VC (T1 ) tc ng :

Mch thng thng v chia p :

VB 22 VC (T1 )

VB 2 (t ) VB 21 VB 22

1 RE et / 1R R
1 RE RC1
E

1 RE V V (T ) et / 1R R
1 RE RC1 CC C 1
E

C1

C1

Ta c : VB 2 (T2 ) V VBES V 1

( 1) RE
V VC (T1 )
T2 CRC1 ( 1) RE ln
CC

( 1) RE RC1 V VBES V 1

(5.55)

Bi 5.3
Kim chng li cc biu thc tnh thi gain mono T, chu k dao ng T:

a) Mch monotable OPAMP

b) Mch astable OPAMP
Bi Gii
a) Vi mch monotable OPAMP

Vi cc iu kin nh trong slide bi ging ta c c

Khi t=0- => Vc(0-) = -Vcc
V0 (0+) =Vcc
Vi (0+) = 2Vcc
Vi () = 0

Vi = 2Vcc
mch chuyn trng thi th Vi ( T- ) =Vcc
Vy ta c
Vcc= 2Vcc
T=ln

b) Vi mch Astable OPAMP ta c

Ta ch cn i tm T1 v T2 :
Vi T1 th theo slide ta c c:
Vc (0-) = Vcc , V0 (0+) =Vcc
Ta tm c Vi = Vcc + (-Vcc Vcc )
-

Mch i trng thi kh

-

Vi = Vcc = Vcc +

(-Vcc Vcc )

 T1 = ln

1+
1

Tng t vi T2 ta chng minh c rng

T2 = ln

1+
1

Bi 5.4
a)
Ti t=0-, ta c Vi = 0, V1= V2 = VDD, V0=0
Ti t=0+ , kch 1 xung dng vo Vi. Lc ny C np t VDD qua R v ng ra cng 1 lm V2 tng theo hm

V2 (t ) VDD (1 et / )
Ti t=T-, V2 t n VT nn t c

V2 (T ) VDD (1 eT / ) VT
T ln

VDD
VDD
RC ln
VDD VT
VDD VT

b)
Ti t=0-: V0=0. C np t V2=VDD qua R v ng ra V0 v GND, V3 theo = n khi V3= VT
Ti t=0+: V0= VDD, lc ny V3=VT + VDD. Sau C x qua R vo ng ra V2 lm cho p V3 gim theo

V3 (t ) (VDD VT )et /
Ta t=T1-: p V3 gim cn VT nn ta c

V3 (T1 ) (VDD VT )eT1 / VT

T1 ln

VDD VT
V V
RC ln DD T
VDD
VDD

Ti t=T1+: V3 gim ko theo V1 gim n VT lm cho V0=0, V3 gim n VT - VDD. Sau C np in t V2=VDD qua R v ng
ra V0 theo = lm V3 tng theo:

V3 (t ) (2VDD VT )(1 e(t T1 )/ ) (VT VDD )

Ti t=(T1 + T2) -: p V3=VT, nn ta c

V3 (T1 T2 ) (2VDD VT )(1 eT2 / ) (VT VDD ) VT

T2 ln

2VDD VT
2V V
RC ln DD T
VDD VT
VDD VT

 T T1 T2 RC ln

VDD VT 2VDD VT

VDD
VDD VT

Bi 5.5
Mch bistable ghp C-B c cc thng s : VCC=VBB=6V
Q(Si),CCES=0.2V,VBES=0.7V,ICBO=10nA@t=250C
RC=1.2K,R1 =4.7k, R2 =27K.
a)Tm min v chng t 1BJT off v BJT kia sat.
b)Tm nhit cc i mch vn hot ng.
c)Gn thm ti RL vo cc C 1 BJT v GND , tm gi tr ti thiu RL min mch
vn hot ng ng.

HI

Vcc

RC

RC
C1

C2

R1

R1

Q1
Q2

R2

R2

HI

-Vbb

Bi lm

a)Gi s Q1 sat v Q2 off ta c:

Q1 sat:
=

60.2
1.2

= 4.833

+ 2 0.2 + 6 27 108
1 =
=
= 0.195
1 + 2
31.7
= 1 = 4.638
6 108 1.2 0.7
3 =
=
= 0.898
+ 1
1.2 + 4.7
4 =

+ 0.7 + 6
=
= 0.248
2
27

= 3 4 = 0.65
iu kin Q1 bo ha : => 7.44
Q2 off:
S dng thevenin vi nh V2:

1
1

+ ) 2 = +

=> 2 = 0.719
1 2
1
2

=>tha mn iu kin Q2 off.

b)Khi ICBO tng th dng ICS tng ng thi IBS gim , tuy nhin iu kin BJT
bo ha cn ph thuc vo nn ta c th tng m bo Q1 sat.Do ICBO
ch tc ng vo iu kin tt ca BJT vy:
2 > 0
=> 2 = (1 \\2 ) +

2
1

>0
1 + 2
1 + 2

=> > 0.18

Ta c : khi t tng 100C th tng gp i do
0.18103

t'=25+10*log2(

108

)=166.30C

c) y RL c th c mc cc C ca BJT bo ha (Q1) hoc mc cc C BJT

tt (Q2):
TH1: RL c mc cc C Q1

Vcc

RC

RC
CB

CB

R1

R1

Q1_sat
Q2_of f
RL

R2

R2

-Vbb

Mch tng ng:

T mch tng ng ta thy RL ch lm gim gi tr dng Ics v dng I1 do

vi bt k gi tr RL 0 no mch u hot ng ng.
TH2: RL c mc cc C Q2

Vcc

RC

RC
CB

CB

R1

R1

Q1
Q2

R2

RL

R2

-Vbb

Mch tng ng:

Ta thy RL lm dng I3 gim dn ti Ibs gim nn n ch nh hng ti tnh bo

ha ca Q1
Ta c:
3 =
3 =
=

=>VC2 =

+ 3

2
1

1 + 1 +
1 + 1 +

6
0.7( + 1.2)

5.9 + 5640 5.9 + 5640

4 =

; ()

+ 0.7 + 6
=
= 0.248
2
27

= 3 4 =

6
0.7( + 1.2)

0.248
5.9 + 5640 5.9 + 5640

iu kin Q1 bo ha :
Theo cu a) = 4.638 & = 7.44
=> 0.623
=>

6
0.7( + 1.2)

0.248 0.623
5.9 + 5640 5.9 + 5640

=> 30.5
Vy mch vn hot ng ng th RLmin =30.5k

iu kin mch hot ng sai l Q1 t dn bo ha chuyn sang dn ch

ng,lc :
IB=IC v VBE=0,6V !
Bi 5.6

Gi s Q1 sat,Q2 on , ta c mch tng ng ( Quy dng ICBO v ngun VBB v +VCC nh hnh )

D c c:
IRC=

I3=

VCC VCES
;
RC

VCC VBES ICBO .RC

R1 RC

iu kin Q2 off :

VC1 - I1.R1 < VBES VCES - 1

I1=

I4=

VCES VBB I CBO .R2

R1 R2

VBES VBB
R2

VB2<VBES

VCES VBB I CBO .R2

< VBES
R1 R2

R2 .VCES RV
1 BB R1 R2 .VCBO ( R1 R2 ).VBES
iu kin Q1 sat IC1 < .IB1
(IC1-I1) (I3-I4)

Bi 5.8

a) Khi Vi =V1=UTP : Q1 on , Q2 off . Gi s Q1 dn ch ng

V= R2*Vcc/(Rc1+R1+R2)=6v
p dng cng thc tnh UTP ta c : V1 = UTP = V 0.2 = 5.8V

Ib1 = + = 0.058mA =>

Ic1 = Ib1 = 1.74mA

Vb1 = V1 + Ic1*RE = 5.72V

Vt=(R1+R2)*Vcc/(Rc1+R1+R2)=8v
R=Rc1*(R2+R1)/(R2+Rc1+R1)= 2.6K

Vc1 = Vt R*Ic1 = 3.476V

 Vbc1 phn cc thun => gi s Q1 dn ch ng sai

Gi s Q1 dn bo ha : Ic1 =

= 1.39mA

Vc1 = Vt R*Ic1 = 4.386V => Vbc1 phn cc thun => Q1 dn bo ha ng

b) Vi=V2 = LTP: Q1 off, Q2 on

Ib1 = Ic1 = 0
Gi s Q2 dn ch ng:
Vbb = R2*Vcc/(Rc1+R1+R2) = 6V
Rbb = R2*(R1+Rc1)/(R2+Rc1+R1) = 3K

Ib2= + = 0.059mA => Ic2 = *Ib2 = 1.77mA

Vb2 = V2 + Ic2*Re = 5.81V
Vc2 = Vcc Ic2*Rc2 = 10.23V
Vbc2 phn cc nghch => Q2 dn ch ng l ng.
c) Gi s Q2 dn ch ng

Ib2= + = 0.059mA => Ic2 = *Ib2 = 1.77mA

Vb2 = V2 + Ic2*Re = 5.81V
Vc2 = Vcc Ic2*Rc2 = 4.92V
Vbc2 phn cc thun => Q2 dn ch ng l sai
Gi s Q2 dn bo ha
Ic2 =

=
+

1.68mA => Vc2 = 5.28V , Vb2 = 5.81V

Vbc2 phn cc thun => Q2 dn bo ha.

Bi 5.9

Cho BJT c =80, = 30 ,1 = 24 , 2 = 6 , UTP=4,5V, LTP=1.5V v 2 . 2 = 10

Tm 1 , 2 , ? ?
Tnh 1 = , 1 , 2

1 +1 +2

2 (1 +1 )
1 +1 +2

=5.14K

2 = 2 + 2 = 2 ( + 1)
p dng inh l mch vng cho vng kn BE2
= ( + (1 + ))2 (1)

 = 2 ( + 1)

(2)

T (1) v (2) => ta c = ( 2 )

(+1)
+ (+1)

Suy ra: 1 = + 1
Nu ( + 1) ta n gin c
1 2 + 1
Vi 2 () ta c: 2 = 0,7(2 ), 1 = 0,5
1 0,2
4.5=

1 +1 +2

0.2 1 = 11.86

2) tnh 2 = , 1 2

(1 + 2 )
= 21.5
1 + 1 + 2

1 (1 + 2 )
= 8.5
1 + 1 + 2

2 =

1 +2

1=1=0.21

p dng nh lut K2 cho vng mch BE Q2:

-1 +2 + (1 + 1 ) = 0
Vi 1 = 1 , 1 = 1
1 =

2
1
+ (1 + )

2 = 1 + 1 + (1 + 1 )
1

(1 + ) +

2 =
( 2 )
1
+ (1 + )

V 1 2 ~1 +

( 2 )
+

1.5 = 0.5 +

(4.30.7)
1.7+

=> = 653,84

3) Tm 2 khi Q2 on v Q1 off
Ta c + 2 + 2 + (2 + 2 ) = 0
2 =
2 =

2
+(+1)
10
2

= 0.196105

= 2.017

Bi 5.9
Thit k mch Schmitt-trigger dng BJT (Si) c min 80 . Chn VCC 30V , R1 24 K , R2 6 K . Yu cu
UTP=4.5V, LTP=1.5V, chnh lch p tt / dn ng ra l 10V, Q2 hot ng ch ng. Tnh RC1 , RC 2 , RE .

Gii:

BJT Si:

Qactive : VBEA 0.6V

Qsat : VBES 0.7V
Qoff : VBEO 0.5V

Khi Qoff b qua I BCO , v nh hng ca in tr Rs

Khi VS nh : Q1off , Q2 on , VS tng sao trng thi

2 BJT vn cha thay i VS UTP : ti im kch trn.

Mch tng ng nh hnh bn
Q2on active
V'

R ( R R1 )
R2
VCC (1), Rb 2 C1
RC1 R1 R2
RC1 R1 R2

UTP VBEO VE 2 VE 2 4.5 0.5 4V

IE2

V ' VBEA
RE Rb (1 )

T (1) RC1

30
6 (6 24)
4.6

V0 VCC RC 2 I C 2

V ' VBEA
(2) @ RE
RE

Rb (1 ) V '

VE 2 VBEA 4 0.6 4.6V

9.13K

VCC RC 2 I E 2 (3)

Khi VS tng vt qu UTP Q1off Q1on , Q2on Q2off , tip tc tng VS th

2BJT gi nguyn trng thi. Khi VS gim n gi tr m ti vn Q1on , Q2 off VS LTP

ti im kch di.
Mch tng ng nh hnh bn.
Gi s Q1on active, Q2off
LTP VBEA VE1 VE1 1.5 .6 0.9V
VB 2 VBEO VE1 0.5 0.9 1.4V
VC1

R1 R2
30*1.4
VB 2
7V
R2
6

VC1E1 7 0.9 6.1 Q1on active l ng.

RC1 I RC 1 RC1 (

VB 2 VE1

) VCC VC1
R2 RE

1.4 0.9
(
) RC1
6 RE
R

30 7 RE 394

C 1 9.13 K

T (2) I E 2

V ' VBEA 4.6 0.6

10.15mA
RE
394

Ng ra : V0 VCC (4)
T (3) v (4) ta c : V0 I C 2 RC 2

I E 2 RC 2 10V RC 2

Vy RC1 9.13K , RC 2 985, RE 394

Chn: RC1 10 K , RC 2 1k , RE 560
Tnh ton li:

Bi 5.10

= 0 : 1 , 2 , :

10
985
10.15mA

 = (0 ) = 1
p dng hng v cc CQ1

= 0+ : 1 , 2 , 1

T hnh trn ta tm c biu thc 2 v 2 ( ) =

Ta tm c:
=

V + R ICBO + Vcc VCES VBES ICBO R c1

V + R ICBO V

= ln(

+ 1 +
)
+

Nhm 11:

Bi 5.11
gim thi gian hi phc ca mch monostable (thi gian t lc xut hin vt l ti lc
VB2 = VBES ), ngi ta mc thm Zener cc C ca Q1 v GND.
Nu V2 = VCC/2, chng minh T = 0,41RC.

Gii
(tng t bi 5.1)
Ti t = 0- : Q1 tt, Q2 bo ha
V
V
VA 0 CC VBES (do Zener phn cc ngc nn VC1 CC )
2
2
Khi 0 < t : Q1 bo ha, Q2 tt
Dng xp chng

VB2 VCC 1 e t/ VCES VA 0 e t/

VCC VCC VA 0

V e

t/

CES

Ti t = T : VB2 = V

V VCC VCC VA 0 VCES e T/

e T/

VCC V
VCC VA 0 VCES

VCC V
T
ln

VCC VA 0 VCES

T RCln

VCC VA 0 VCES
VCC V

M VA 0

VCC
VBES nn :
2
1,5VCC VBES VCES
T RCln
VCC V

Gi s : VCC V ,VBES ,VCES

T RCln1,5 0,41RC

vi = RC

Bi 5.12

Thng s:
Vcc 12V ,VBB 3V , Q(Si) 30, RC 2 K , R R1 R2 20K , rbb ' 200, C 1000 pF , I BCO 0.
Khi ngun n nh, mch trng thi Q2 sat(do R dn dng IB2) v Q1 off.
VC 2 VCES ,VC1 VCC . y l mt trng thi bn, ch o trng thi khi ta tc ng xung kch
vo mch.Gi s kch mt xung m vo cc BQ2 : Q2 dn yu lm IC2 gim, dn n VC2
tng. Hi tip ti sinh qua R1 / /C1 lm VB2 tng, Q1 bt u dn, IC1 tng lm VC1 gim, hi
tip ti sinh qua C lm VB2 gim v Q2 dn cng yu Qu trnh tip tc khi cho n khi
Q1 bo ha, Q2 off.

Ti t=0 ,1off 2 sat thi ta c : 2 = , 1 =

in p trn t (0 ) = - =
Sau kch mt xung 1sat 2 off khi ny
1 = , 2 = .
Do 1sat 1 gim t dn n 2 gim ti khi m th 2 off ,C x ngun t Vcc qua
R xt mch lc ny tm 2. Mch tng ng nh hnh bn di

p dng kin thc chng 1 ta suy ra c biu thc

2 = + ( 2 + )
Khi 2 tng ti th 2 dn li

Thi gian mono T tho 2(T-) =

T=

2120.30.7

=20x103 x1x109ln

120.5

=13.86(us)

Khi Q1 off c vt l ti cc CQ1 v qua C lm VB2 c vt l . Ti thi im

Q2 on v xut hin dng IB2.
Mch tng ng khi Q2 sat l rbb v ngun VBES.
Do R>>RC1 nn ta xem dng IB2 ghp qua RC1,C,rbb.

0.7 0.5 1.245(V )

= 12 0.3 0.7 0.5 2K200
200

Bi 5.13
Thit k mch monostable ghp C-B:

Thng s bit:
= 12
= 20
= 2
= 3
= 1
2 sat:
=
=

12 0,2
=
= 5,9

2. 103

( )
12 0,7
=
=
20 = 113

2. 103

3. 103
=
=
38,5
0,69 0,69.113. 103

Tnh 1 , 2 :
= 1 2 =

=
+ 1
2

12 0,7
0,7 + 12 2. 103

=
(1)
5,9. 103 + 1
2
20
4 = 3 +
+
=
2
1
1 + 12 0,2 (1)
=
(2)
2
1
T (1) & (2) suy ra: 1 92,4
2 847

Bi 5.14
Mch Astable ghp C-B , R1 v R2 cng ni tip n ngun V VCC. Tm biu thc tnh chu k dao
ng.

Tnh thi gian T1, T2 tng t nh mch monostable ghp C-B

Tnh thi gian mono T1

Ti thi im t= 0- , Q1 off Q2 sat in p tnh trn C
VC(0-) = Vcc- VBES p dng hng v cc CQ1

Ti thi im t = 0+ , Q1 sat, Q2 off in p tnh trn C thay mch CEQ1 bng ngun VCES
Ta c mch tng ng tnh T1

Ta c VB2 = V
Xp chng 3 ngun ta c:
Khi ni tt VC(0-) v VCES, mch tng ng mch h thng
VB2 = V.(1 e-t/R1C1)
Khi ni tt V v VCES, mch tng ng mch thng thng
VB2 = - VC(0-). e-t/R1C1
Khi ni tt V v VC(0-), mch tng ng mch thng thng
VB2 = VCES. e-t/R1C1
VB2 = V = V.(1 e-t/R1C1) - VC(0-). e-t/R1C1 + VCES. e-t/R1C1
= V +(- VC(0-) + VCES V) e-t/R1C1
V- V = ( V + VC(0-) - VCES ) e-t/R1C1
V- V = ( V + Vcc - VBES - VCES ) e-t/R1C1
Khi t = T
T1 = R1C1

V+Vcc VCES VBES

V V

Tng t ta tnh c T2 = R2C2

V+Vcc VCES VBES

V V

Chu k dao ng
T = T1 +T2 = R1C1

Bi 5.16

V+Vcc VCES VBES

V V

+ R2C2

V+Vcc VCES VBES

V V

a) Ta c biu thc + sau khi kt thc xung mono (t>T)

Vi+ = (VCC - 2VCC) . e-t/ ; =RC
- Thi gian hi phc tr (t 90% n 10% bin ) :
+ = 0.9 + max
e-t/ =0,9

t1= .ln

10
9

+ = 0,1 + max
e-t/ =0,1
t2 = .ln10
t =t2-t1= .ln9 (vi =RC)

b) mc thm Diode.
- Xt t<T : D off nn qu trnh np x ca
t nh khi khng c Diode.
Ta tm c
Vc( )= VCC - VCC

Khi t>T : D on, mch nh hnh : (Coi nh R >> Rf R // Rf

+ = Vf - [Vc( ) + ]. /

Rf )

= Vf - (2VCC - VCC + Vf). /

= Vf + (VCC - 2VCC - Vf). /
( = )

Khi + = 0.9 + max

Vf + (VCC - 2VCC - Vf). 1/ = 0.9.( VCC - 2VCC)

1/ =

0.9.( 2 )V
2 V

=A

t1 = -.ln(A)

+ = 0,1 + max

Vf + (VCC - 2VCC - Vf). 2/ = 0.1.( VCC - 2VCC)

2/ =

0.1.( 2 )V
2 V

=B

t2 = -.ln(B)

t = t2-t1 = . ln ( ) = . ln(

Bi 5.18

0.9.( 2 )V

0.1.( 2 )V

Hnh 5.18

Li gii:

Vi+ = R1*(Vo V)/(R1+R2) V =

t a = R1/(R1+R2) ; A =

21+2
1+2

= k*Vcc

Vi+ = a*Vcc + A = (a+k)*Vcc

C np t Vo qua R, Vi- tng theo thi hng = RC
Ti t = T1- : Vi-(T1- ) =

Vo(T1+) = Vcc
Ly mc thi gian ti T1

= -a*Vcc + A lm cho Vi 0

Sau thi gian t=T1 , Vi(T2-) =

= a*Vcc + A

Ta c: Vi(T2-)=(a*Vcc + A) = Vcc(1- e-T1/ ) + (-a*Vcc + A)*e-T1/

(a+k)Vcc = Vcc(1- e-T1/ ) + ( k-a) *e-T1/
+
+
T1 =
*Ln
= RC*
Ln

Ti t = (T2)- : Vi- (T2-)- =

= a*Vcc + A

lm cho Vi 0

Vo(T2+) = -Vcc
Sau thi gian T2 :
Vi((T1+T2)-) = -a*Vcc + A = -Vcc(1- e-T2/ ) + (a*Vcc + A)*e-T2/
(-a+k)Vcc = -Vcc(1- e-T1/ ) + ( k+a) *e-T1/

++

T2 = RC*Ln

+
++

T = T1+T2 = = RC*Ln

+ +

Nhom 9 ( sang t4 )

Bi 5.19
Mch astable nh hnh BT5.19 c D//C(D l tng V 0, R f 0, Rr ). Hy cho nhn xt v hot ng ca mch.
Tnh cc rng xung?

Gii:
R1 , R2 : To ngng in p so snh
R, C : To mch RC nhm thc hin qu trnh np x t

Diode D: To mch ghim in p, ngn mch t C khi mch

trng thi bn.

Nguyn l hot ng:

ch xc lp, gi s V0 VCC Vi VCC , R1 / ( R1 R2 )

D dn Vi V 0V Vi VCC . Do mch lun gi nguyn trng thi xc lp ny.

Vy mch ny khng dao ng v vy khng phi mch astable, khng c rng xung.
Mch ny c th chuyn thnh mch monostable bng cch kch mt xung dng ti ng vo Vi .

Mch thit k li tr thnh mch monostable:

Nguyn l hot ng.

Tip tc nguyn l hot ng pha trn:
Ti ng vo Vi ca opamp ta kch khi Vi vi
bin ln lc ny: Vi Vi Vi 0
V0 VCC Vi VCC , Diode D phn cc ngc

D tt, h t C. ng thi lc t C c np
bi +Vcc qua R. in p trn t Vi tng dn
cho ti khi c xu hng vt qua Vi VCC
Vi Vi Vi 0 . Ng ra V0 VCC . Khi

t C x in p t mch qua R, khi in p trn t

t C c xu hng nh m Vi 0 . Diode phn cc thun ni tt ghim in p trn t

Vi V 0V Vi VCC . Mch gi nguyn trng thi V0 VCC cho ti khi nhn c mt xung kch mi.
Tnh chu k xung T monostable v thi gian phc hi Tph ca t in.
Xt gc ti 0+: VC Vi V 0V ,V0 VCC
Phng trnh np in ca t:
Vi (t ) (V0 V ) (1 e

RC
T

Vi (T ) VCC VCC (1 e

) VCC (1 e
RC

RC

1
) T RC ln(
)
1

T phc hi: Xt gc ta ti t=T+

Ti t=T+: VC Vi VCC ,V0 VCC
Ta c phng trnh x ca t in:
Vi (t ) VCC (1 e

Vi (Tph ) VCC (1 e

) VCC e
Tph

Tph RC ln(1 )

, RC

) VCC e

Tph

Bi 5.21
Mch VCO nh hnh BT 5.21. Tm biu thc tnh chu k dao ng, gi s R bng vi gi tr R trong nhnh 3R trong cu
trc vi mch.

Bi lm:
Ta c cu trc vi mch:

Ta thy c 1 in p +V cp vo chn s 5, Da vo cu trc IC ta c th tng ng:

By gi ngng c set li.

t VTR=(Vcc+V)/2
VTH=(2VTR)/2,5 v VTL=(VTR)/2,5
Chu k T:
T=T1+T2
Thi gian T1:

C np qua R1 v R2 vi

Thi gian T2:

C x qua R1 vi

Suy ra:

Vi iu kin T >0 v ln c ngha th:

V cn ph thuc vo in p V kch thch chn s 5 nn vn cha th rt gn cng

thc c.

Bi 6.3
Mch monostable blocking BC nh hnh BT 6.3, in cm t ho cc C
L= 10mH, a =-hFB=0,98, b qua cc in p tip gip. T s vng BAX 2:1:1.

a. Tnh v v dng sng iC (t), iE (t)vVL (t).

Trong trng thi tnh, cc dng in trong bin p l tng(BALT) = 0 nn tng i s

s amper x s vng(s amper vng) trong BALT = 0:
iE 2i i1 0

Gi V l bin in p ri trn s cp :
V

=>

V Vcc 6V

iE

Vcc
6

1.5mA
2 R 2.2

i1

Vcc 6

1mA
2 RL 2.3

iE i1 Vcc
1
1.5 1

1.25mA
2
4 R / / RL
2

im l dng t ha , do V=const nn
L

dim
V .t Vcc .t

V hay im
dt
L
L

ic i im

Ta c :

VL

Vcc
V .t
1
.
cc 1.25 0.6t (mA)
4 R / / RL
L

Vcc
3V
2

b. Tnh rng xung tp

ic (t p ) i E (t p )

Ti t t p :

Vcc .t p
Vcc
V
1
.

cc
4 R / / RL
L
2R

tp

L
L
10
10
(2 1)

(2.0,98 1)
0.3667 s
4R
4 RL 4.2
4.3

Dng sng ca cc tn hiu :

Bi 6.4

p dng nh lut vng kn ta c:

nV
. VBB

. 0
VBB iE .R nV
iE

0
CC
BB

V VCC VBB

(1)
(2)

Tng i s s amper vng trong BALT bng 0:

i n.iE 0 i n.iE th biu thc (1) vo ta c: i n.

iC i im n.

iC n.

nV
. VBB
(3)
R

nV
. VBB V
t th biu thc (2) vo ta c
R
L

n.(VCC VBB ) VBB VCC VBB

t
R
L

iB iE iC
Ti t=tp:

n.(VCC VBB ) VBB VCC VBB

nV
. VBB
n.

t
R
R
L

iC iB , ta tm c tp

n.(VCC VBB ) VBB VCC VBB

n.(VCC VBB ) VBB VCC VBB
. VBB
nV

tp .
n.

tp
R
L
R
R
L

V VBB
n.(VCC VBB ) VBB
CC
(1 ).t p
( n n)
L
R
n.(VCC VBB ) VBB
L
tp
.
( n n)
vi
(VCC VBB )(1 )
R

n.

n 1
VBB )
n n
n
.
(VCC VBB )
(1 )

(VCC

tp

nL
.
R

tp

V /n
nL

.(1 BB
).(
n)
R
VCC VBB 1

tp

ta c c biu thc cui cng

V /n
nL
.( n).(1 BB
)
R
VCC VBB

(PCM)

b) Vi VBB=0, tp >0 th n < . Khi n< , hi tip dng a v ng vo mi c th lm

BJT chuyn t dn bo ha sang ch ng,dng iC= .iE mi kt thc thi gian mono ti t=tp.
+ n=1, m

<1 nn BAX khng hot ng.

c) thc t VBB khng cn thit , BJT off, VC=VCC hi tip qua BAX lm cho VE >0, phn cc
BE l phn cc nghch, BJT off, ng vi mch monostable
1
2

d) n , VCC 18; L 5mH ; 50; R 1K th s ta c:

1
.18
n.(VCC VBB ) VBB VCC VBB
1 2
18
iC n.

t .

.t 4,5.103 3600t
R
L
2 1000 5.103
iC (t p ) 8,82mA

iE

n.(VCC VBB ) VBB 0,5.18

9mA
R
1000

t p 1, 2 s

iB iE iC 4,5.103 3600t
iB (t p ) 0,18mA

VR (t ) R.iE (t ) 9V

Bi 6.5

i1

n1V
-

+ n1
-

nV
+
B

n:1

ic

ib
E

+ V

SDTD
im

ie=ib+ic

* mch dao ng blocking,cc tnh ca cun dy c chn

nh trn hnh
*Tnh ton thi gian tp:
Phng trnh BAXLT:
-nib+i+n1i1=0

(1)

Phng trnh vng knh mch B-E-C-GND :

Vcc-nV=0 =>V=

T mch ti:
1

i1=

T mch E:

ie=

(1)

(2)

v ie=i+ im
=>i= ie -im

(3)

im=

Th (2),(3) vo (1) ta c:
=

12
(
2

) (5)

=( + 1)
Thi gian mono i vi monostable Blocking CC l:
() = ( + 1) ()
T (5) v (6) ta tm ra c
(1)

tp=

Bi 6.6

12

(1)
(+1)

(6)

Gii:

a) p dng nh lut vng kn mch CB:

-Vcc + V+V=0
=>V=Vcc/2
. + + = 0
=

+
2

= 3 2

b)
p dng nh lut vng kn mch CB:
-Vcc + V+V=0
=>V=Vcc/2
Ta c tng i s ambe vng BALT
- - 1 = 0 (*)
T mch C
= =

T mch E

Ta c: = - =
Mt khc ta c: 1 =

(2)

= 2

(3)

Th (1),(2),(3) vo (*) ta c:

2 ( 2 ) 2 = 0

1
4

( + + )

(1)

Bi 6.7

Nh l thuyt ta c:
Ban u : Trong thi gian 0 tp, mch lm vic nh mch monostable nh thi
cc E.
Ti t = tp, dng t ha im

im

Vcc .t p
(n 1) L

I0

Vi RL=, ta c I 0

n Vcc
n 1 L

+ Ti t = tp, Q - off, dng qua cun dy s ghp qua mch Diode v in dung BAX
nh hnh

I0 L

s
R f sL

Im ( s)

Im (s)

V
I0 L

Rf
R
s R f s(s f )
L
L

I m (t) I 0 e

Rf
L

V
Rf

(1 e

Rf
L

- Dng t ha gim tuyn tnh theo t, Dng qua diode gim v 0 ti

t = tf, im=0

I0 e

Rf
L

tf
I0 R f

b) Nu

Vf

V
Rf

(1 e

Rf
L

)0

I0 R f
L
.ln(1
)
Rf
V

1 ln(1

I0 R f
V

I0R f
Vf

(1)

(1) =

+1

Bi 6.8
Mch Astable blocking kim sot bng diode:

Lc u, phn cc thun cho BJT v lm BJT dn. Mch hot ng ging

nh mch monostable nh thi cc E

+ =

+ Dng nh lut Kirchoff I cho vng kn=> nV+ V - + = 0

V =0.5 << = 10 nn c th tnh gn ng: V

+1

+ + = =

(+1)

(1)

+ Tng i s s ampere vng trong BALT l bng 0:

i - n =0=> - - n =0
= n +

(2)

Sau thi gian t ti gi tr = , bt u tng do BJT tch cc

thun => hi tip ti sinh qua BAX lm BJT b tt nhanh. Thay gi tr =
vo v da vo hai phng trnh (1) v (2), tnh c:
=

()
(+1)

mch nh thi chnh xc, ngi ta c th chn nhng transistor c ln,

khi n<< v 1<<
=

Khi Q off, dng qua cun dy s ghp qua mch diode nh hnh v (b qua
in tr thun ca diode)

+ Gi tr ca dng qua cun dy lc : = 0 =

Ta c: - =

=> = 0 -

= (+1)

+ Dng in cng l dng qua diode v s tin v 0 sau thi gian v lm

diode b tt.

+ Sau thi gian diode tt, t in vn cn tch tr in tch v cng vi cun dy

to thnh mch dao ng tt dn vi bin :

+ Sau thi gian = chu k, in p trn t C b gim v 0 lm th cc C bng

v c xu hng gim tip, hi tip ti sinh qua BAX lm tng nhanh
chng, bt u mt chu k mi.
= . 2 = 1,57

Nh vy, chu k T ca mch nh thi :

T = + + =

+ (+1)
+ 1,57

Th cc gi tr: n=2, R= 1.5 k, L = 3mH, C= 100pF, = 9V, = 10V, tnh c:

T 6,34 s

Chu k nhim v =

4
6,34

= 0,63

Bi 6.11
Kim chng li cc biu thc tnh t f , t p , V1 trong mch astable blocking kim sot bng R1C1 cc E.
Gii:
Mch tng ng lc TST bo ha

Dng sng trn t C1

Mch astable blocking kim sot bng R1C1 ti cc E

Xc nh khong thi gian tp v V1. t mc thi gian l thi im TST bt u bo ha v kt thc khi TST dn
ch ng.

Ta c in p trn cc E: ve Vbb nV
Mt khc: Vcc V nV Vbb V

im

Vcc Vbb
V
cc @ Vcc
n 1
n 1

Vbb V l hng khi TST sat

n V
Vt
, i1 1
L
RL

Cc dng in trong BAXLT: i n1i1 nib 0 i nib

Dng cc thu ic i im nib

n12V
RL

n 2V
Vcct
n12V Vt
nib 1 cc
(1)
RL
L
(n 1) RL (n 1) L

Tnh v1 (t ) . T dng sng trn t C1 ta c: vC1 (0) Vbb V Vbb

(b qua in p tip gip)
Mch hnh bn l mch h thng c 2 ngun tc ng

vC1 (0), ve v thi hng 1 ( R / / R1 )C1 RC1 do thng thng R

R1

R1
R
v1 (t )
ve (1 e 1 ) vC1 (0)e 1 ( 1 ve vC1 (0))(1 e 1 ) vC1 (0)
R1 R
R1 R
t

R1 (Vbb nV )
(nVR1 Vbb R )
Vbb )(1 e 1 ) Vbb Vbb
(1 e 1 )
R1 R
R1 R

Dng ti cc E
t

v v
(nVR1 Vbb R )
ie e 1 (Vbb nV (Vbb
(1 e 1 ))) / R
R
R1 R
t

nVR Vbb R (nVR1 Vbb R )e

R ( R R1 )

Thng R1

nVR nVR1e 1 nVcc ( R R1e 1 )

ib ic (2)
Vbb do ie
RR1
(n 1) RR1

R,Vcc

T (1) v (2)
t

nVcc ( R R1e 1 )
n12Vcc
Vcc t
n 2Vcc ( R R1e 1 )
n12Vcc
Vcc t
ib

, ic

2
2
2
2
2
(n 1) RR1
(n 1) RL (n 1) L
(n 1) RR1
(n 1) RL (n 1) 2 L
Ti t=tp iu kin dn ch ng: ic ib ,

1 n hay ib 0

Vcc t p
nVcc ( R R1ee 1 )
n12Vcc
n12 t p
1 1 1

n
(

e
)

(n 1) 2 RR1
(n 1) 2 RL ( n 1) 2 L
R1 R
RL L
t

n2 t p
n
e 1 1 @ R1
R
RL L

n12
n 1
Hay e
( c kim chng)(3)
L R
RL
tp

V thng thng

tp

1 nn ta khai trin (3) thnh:

n n12

tp n
tp
n12
R RL
(1
)
tp
1
1
L R
RC1
RL
2
L R C1
Bit tp ta xc nh c bin cc i V1 ca in th v1
t

(nVR1 Vbb R)
(1 e 1 )
Theo trn v1 (t ) Vbb
R1 R
t

Thng thng R1

R,Vcc

v1 (tp ) V1 Vbb

n(Vcc Vbb )
Vbb nn gn ng v1 (t ) Vbb nV (1 e ) Vbb
(1 e 1 )
n 1
1

n(Vcc Vbb )
(1 e 1 ) V1
n 1
t

(n 1)V1 nVcc Vbb n(Vcc Vbb )e

( c kim chng)

Xc nh thi gian phc hi t f . Ta chn mc thi gian l im bt u qu trnh phc hi v1 (0) V1 . y l

qu trnh t C1 x in tch qua in tr R1. Do R1 thng rt ln nn qu trnh x t din ra rt chm. Khi in
th v1 trn t gim ti mc v1 (t f ) Vbb V th kt thc giai on phc hi v chu k dao ng mi li bt
u.

v1 (t ) V1e

, R1C1

v1 (t f ) Vbb V V1e
t f R1C1 ln

t f
R1C1

Vbb V

V1
( c kim chng)
Vbb V

Bi 7.2

UIJ l linh kin in tr m, c tnh cht c bit l khi U gim th I tng.

Khi < dng = 0, nhng khi bt u tng n khi = th dng tng.

a/ Khi va mi ng in th t s np in t 0 ln n ri sau t x in n . Nhng ln

sau t np t n ri li x t in th xung . Thi gian np v x ca t c tnh gia hai
in th ny.
Ta c in p trn t C :

= + ( ) (1 )

=> = ( )
Ti ,

=> = ( )
=> = ln (

b/ Khi , ta c :

= + =
=> = ln (

Bi 7.6:
Mch in nh hnh v :

1
)
1

( do 1 1 < 0)

a)Tm quan h R1,R2,R3,R4 in p trn C tuyn tnh, hay ni cch khc

opamp tr thnh ngun dng.
b)Xc nh Vcmax ,cho in p bo ha dng ng ra vo=+VCC
BI LM
a) Gi I0 l dng np cho t C , opamp tr thnh ngun dng khi I0 l hng s v
opamp hot ng ch tuyn tnh (khuch i) do :
+ = =

3 + 4

1 =

+
1

2 =

+
2

0 = 1 + 2 =

1
1
3
+
( + )

1 2
1 2 3 + 4

I0 l hng s khi n khng ph thuc vo p ng ra, hay:

1
1
3
( + )
=0
2
1 2 3 + 4
=>

Khi 0 =

b)Khi in p ng ra bo ha dng = ta c:
=

3
3
=

3 + 4
3 + 4

opamp vn hot ng nh ngun dng th = +

Nn = = + =

Bi 7.9

Gii:
a.

Ti t=0-, Vb1= Vi* R2/(R1+R2) + Vee*R1(R1+R2)=-2V

Suy ra Q1 sat, Vc1=Vces
V0= Vces+ Vbe2= 0.2+0.6=0.8V
b.
Vi=-8V suy ra Q1 off trong thi gian Tg. Dng Ic1 by gi np qua C v nu h s khuch i in p l 1 th
ng ra s thay i tuyn tnh theo thi gian:
V0=(-Vcc+Vd)*t/RC
V Vcc+Vd= -12+0.6=-11.4V nn dng sng qut c dc m ng ra
c.
Ts=RC suy ra C=Ts/R=50s/50K=10nF
d.
ic1= ib1=60x((16-0.5)/20+(12-0.5)/20)=81 mA
iR = (-0.2V-(-11.4V))/5=2.26 mA
iA=-81+2.26=-78.74 mA
VS= -11,4V
Tr=CVs/iA = 1,45 us
f.
T=Tg+Tr=100+1.45=101.45s
Thi gian hi phc cho C1
T1=(Vcc-Vd)*Re*T/(Vee*R)=57,8s
e.
Lng in tch np C1
Vee*T1/Re=0.2314*10-6

Ba i 7.10

Cng tc h :
p dng Laplace ta c :
vs ( s )

Vs
LCs 2 RCs C

Khai trin ta c :
vs V 1 e Rt /2 L ( A.sin t cos t )
1

1
R
A (
) &
RC 2 L

1 R

LC 2 L

Khai trin :
2

V 1 t 2 1 t
t
vs
t 1 (
)

...

RC 6 LC
12 LC 2 L / R

Nu t /

LC

V
t2
1 th : vs
t 1
RC 6 LC

T2
Sai s lch ed 0.385 s 0.458%
6 LC

V
t2
in p ng ra : vs
,t=500 s
t 1
RC 6 LC

Suy ra : Vs 247V
d./ Nu khng L mch tr thnh :

Ti t=0,S h,in p qut cho bi cng thc :

s V (1 et / RC )

Sau thi gian ng x t,in p s nhanh chng gim v 0

Nu

t
RC

1 khai trin theo chui luy tha :

t
t2
s V (1

...)
2 RC 6 R 2C 2

Ti t =Ts ta c : Vs

VTs
T
(1 s )
RC
2 RC

in p nh ng ra ti t=500 s l Vs=125V
Sai s lch ed : ed

1 Ts
12.5%
8 RC

Nhn xt : Cun dy c s dng ci thin tuyn tnh ca mch qut RC,cun dy cho
php mch qut t c bin ln hn bin ca mch RC

Bi 7.11
Trong hnh 7.20a, cho cc thng s: Vcc 20V , L 200mH , RL 20, RCS 5, Rd 200, Ts 500 s .
a.V dng sng iL , vce v ch thch cc gi tr v thi hng.
b.Tnh sai s dc es.
Gii. Mch qut dng in n gin
Cc E ni mass vc=vce
Khi t<0, Vb m Qoff iL(0-)=0, vc(0-)=Vcc=20V
Ti t=0+, Vb dng lm Q sat. Mch tng ng Qsat
Hnh 1

Ta c:

vc (t )
iL

t
t
Rcs
Vcc (1 e 1 ) 4(1 e 8 ), 1 L / ( Rcs RL ) 8(ms), t (ms)
Rcs RL

t
vc (t )
0.8(1 e 8 )
Rcs

Ti t=Ts-=0.5ms ta c iL (Ts ) 48.47mA, vc (Ts ) 0.242V

Ti t=Ts+, Vb m Qoff, p trn cun dy o cc tnh, D (l tng) phn cc thun khp dng iL (Ts ) qua Rd theo thi
hng 2 L / ( Rd RL ) 0.909ms .
Mch tng ng hnh 2
Phng trnh dng x v in p vc
( t Ts )

iL (t ) iL (Ts )e

48.47e

( t 0.5)
0.909

vc Vcc Rd iL (t ) 20 9.694e

(mA), t (ms )

( t 0.5)
0.909

(V )

Ti t=Ts+ th p gai trn cc C: vc (Ts ) 29.694(V )

Dng sng in p v dng in

c. sai s dc: es

( RL Rcs ) L
0.25
Vcc

Bi 7.12
Mch in nh hnh v:

Vi V=-20V, V=-10V,R2=100K, mch cp tn hiu cho ng vo tng sau c

Ri=400K.Yu cu dng sng v0 nh hnh BT 7.12, dng sng c sai s dc
es=5%.

a)Tnh V1,r,R1,C1.

b)Tm p tnh trn C1.

c)Khi S ng tm thi hng tng ng dng sng tr v v tr ban u ca n.
BI LM
a)Ti t<0: S ng ta c nh hnh v:

Mch tng ng:

= 0.81
+ 2 1

= //2 = 80


( )
+

)
(
=> 0 0 = 20 +
(0.81 + 20)
80 +
0 (0 ) = +

T dng sng ng ra ta c:
0 (0 ) = 5
=>

(0.81 + 20) = 15
80 +

(1)

1 (0 ) = 0 (0 ) = 5
Ti t=0 : S m ta c mch tng ng nh hnh v:

Gi 1 , 2 , 3 ln lt l p ti ng ra do cc ngun V, V
v vC1 (0 ) tc dng ln t im A , ta c:

1 = (1 ) = 0.81 (1 )

2 = = 10

3 = vC1 (0 ) = 5

; = (1 + )1

=> vA (t) = 0.81 (1 ) 5

0 () =

[ vA (t)]
1 +

=> 0 () = 0.81

80

(0.81 + 5)
1 + 80

= 0.81 & =

80
(0.81 + 5)
1 + 80

0 () =
Do 1 , khai trin chui ly tha n bc 2 ta c:
1
2
0 () = (1 + () )
2
Do dng sng ng ra tuyn tnh nn: 0 () = +
Ta c 0 () =

Sai s dc l:
0 (0) 0 ()
=
= = 0.05 => = 10
0 (0)

=> 0 () = + 0.01
0 (0) =
T dng sng ng ra => 0 (0) = 2 => = 2

(2 )

0 (0.5) = 0.95
T dng sng ng ra => 0 (0.5) = 10 => 0.95 = 10
T (2)&(3) ta c :a=238 & b=240
=>V1 = 297.5V

(3)

80
(0.81 + 5) = 240 => =
1 + 80
T (1)ta c:

(0.81 + 20) = 15 => = .

80 +

= (1 + )1 => =

.
+

b)Ti t<0, S ng :
1 (0 ) = 0 (0 ) = 5
ti t=0 , S m p ti A l:

vA (t) = 0.81 (1 ) 5

=> vA (t) = 0.81 (1 1 + ) 5 (1 )

=> vA (t) = 5 + 24.3 (: )

Vy p trn t l:
vc1 (t) = vA (t) = 5 + 24.3 (: )

c)Gi s ti t=0.5ms S ng khi : V2 = vC1 (0.5 ) = 7.15V

Ta c mch tng ng:

T C1 s qua R1 nt RT v ngun VT n khi p ng ra bng -5V .

Thi hng = ( + ) = .