‘ow to make Biodiesel Page | sur 10 nd Biodiesel equipment manufacturing, oilseed plantations, Biomass Waste ment Recyeling and Refining Tome | paces courpwenr || swaucscaLe processors || 12 TON PER DAY ECONOMIC PLANT |] 4000 TON PER YEAR PLANTE TD TONER YEAR CONTANERZED PLANTS || BSODESELETANDARDS || ACCESSORIES || HoWTOMAKE BODKESEL || CONTACT IATROPIIA LANTATIONS [RODHLA PLANTATIONS TIN AFRICA {ATRODIEA PROMOTION PER COUNTRY (COOP MEMBERSTT Biodiesel Biodiesel is a fuel that has much the same characteristics as normal diesel oil, but as opposed to diesel itis derived from petroleum but from vegetable oils or animal fat. Generally, vegetable oils are used such as su: oil, Soy oil, rape oil or palm oil. Used oils may be used likewise very well indeed, To produce biodiesel from Gils, they are subjected to a chemical reaction, which is called transesterification. It is a chemical reaction tr makes the glycerol present in the oil to be substituted by methanol, using a lye as a catalyst. Its result is @'r aster, One of its examples is rape methyl ester (RME). A residue forms due to transesterification, called gly This can be applied in various ways, one can think of such things as making soap, Why? Biodiese!'s plus-points are obvious: It is biodegradable, it decreases soot-emission with + 50%, it decrease: emission of hydrocarbons and it is CO,-neutral. In addition to these environmental plus-points, itis safe ind flashpoint is + 170C °) and it is easy to mix with fossil diesel. Where? In several European countries, including Austria, Italy, Spain, Frace and Germany biodiesel is seriously apf with France and Germany as absolute leaders. Over 150,000 cars run on biodiesel in Germany, for instance Scattered over the country there are well over 1,200 service stations with a biodiesel pump. The reason of t biodiesel success in Germany is the fact that no excise is levied on biodiesel, which makes its price an ave! 4.3 cents below that of normal diesel. In the Netherlands we are hopelessly trailing behind in the use of bio:‘ow to make Biodiesel PGgp < Gr IW One of its reasons is the uncompromising attitude of the Dutch government towards biodiesel. An example fact that it does not intend to lift excises on biodiesel. Eventually they will come round in the Netherlands, m due to pressure from Europe and European legislation with regard to biofuels. How? Virtually anyone can make biodiesel by means of a very sin process, often compared to brewing beer. It makes that ene independance is in store for everyone. Biodiesel developme far from over yet and each day new machines and methods invented. Good sources to keep yourself abreast of things it the Internet sites http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel.htm! & http://biodieselcommunity.org. At these sites one can find at on biodiesel and the like, including excellent recipees and ti @.g. titration, washing, drying etc.... You can find many mag as well, such as "Biodiesel Magazine". We will try to show you the ropes of producing of biodiesel \ BioKing by means of this manual. Our method is one that w nicest for us and is resulting nearly always in a good diesel. Obviously, this is not guaranteeing success. Making good b mainly requires practice and study. Have fun!! How to make biodiesel Biodiesel forms due to a chemical reaction called transesterification, meaning Jalycerol in the oil is substituted by an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In we use Methhanol and NaOH (caustic soda) or KOH (caustic potash). In this we will do our best to make clear to you how to prepare a good biodiesel. Dor yourself be put off by our method, though. There are many other ways and tri prepare ood biodiesel and you can find much about it at the other websites mentioned above, The 3 ingredients:‘ow to make Biodiesel Page 3 sur 10 Oil The primary ingredient is oil or fat. This will be waste vegetable oil for the average producer at home, which collected for free in most restaurants. ‘One can, of course, grow rapeseed or Jathropa and crush it for oil, as often happens in the United States. Many US farmers are nowadays self-supporting with regard to energy. They use biodiesel in tractors and ott farming machinery and mostly diesel aggregates are used to generate electricity. People who prepare diesel on a larger scale are able to use waste frying fat, fish oil, animal fat and several « kinds of oils. The nice thing about biodiesel is that you can make it out of so many different substances, mos products. There is always something in stock, and even the use of new oil is cost-effective still. Alcohol The second ingredient is alcohol. Methanol is mostly used in the application of recycled vegetable oil. When processing new oil, it is often possible to use ethanol, but as ethanol is more difficult to handle, we use methanol here. We like to point out that methanol is a very dangerous material, as is ethanol. Avoid inhaling and skin and eye contact, always wear gloves suitable for this substance, eye-protection and face-mask and always work in a well-ventilated room. Katalysator The last ingredient is the Catalyst. Both KOH (potassium hydroxide, caustic potash) ar (Sodium hydroxide, caustic soda) may be used. The advantage of KOH is that the resi alycerine is much less toxic than when NaOH is used. In that case, it is even possible process the glycerine into artificial fertilizer. KOH dissolves much more readily in meth well. However, an advantage of NaOH is that it is very simply and cheaply to get as a while it is good to handle. That is why we use it in this manual. You can always have a go with KOH as well. Take care that you use NaOH with a pur or higher. KOH of that percentage is rather hard to find, but 92% and 85% will work fin Both NaOH and KOH are very dangerous chemicals. Please take the precautions mer above when using these chemicals. Although biodiesel can be derived from many oils and fats, mostly waste frying oil is used. Restaurants often have to pay for the removal of their waste oils. Therefore it is rather simple to collect oil for free from a restaurant. The most convenient way is to collect it in its original packaging. Oil mostly is supplied in lactic containers. If vour supplier is willing to refill these containers with the waste oil you‘ow to make Biodiesel Page 4 sur 10 are certain that the oil is not polluted extra by water, dirt and other externally interfering factors. Another option is that you provide the restaurant with a barrel to catch the oil. Obviously, you can spare yourself the trouble and use new vegetable oil. It simply is for sale at supermarkets and wholesalers. The cleaner and newer the oil, the simpler it is to make high quality Its colour and transparency tell a lot about oil quality. Light and clea good; darkand turbid smelly oil is less suitable to produce biodiesel. When you are not sure of the oil quality, it is advisable to make first amount of diesel. If this turns out to be good, then you can process of the oil Our manual may seem to be very simple and in fact making biodies that difficult. It only becomes tricky when you have oil of lesser qual oil with much water. Too much water may interfere with the process especially when you are using too much of catalyst a kind of gel ma One way to check your oil for water is by heating about half a liter o: temperature of 50° C. If it starts to bubble/hiss/crack etc. then the oi contains too much water. When you do not see any of these phenor at 60° C, there is no reason to remove the water. Titration: Before you are able to process the vegetable oil into biodiesel you have got to know first how much methanol and catalyst you need. As far as methanol is concerned you may always assume about 200-220 ml methanol per litre of oil. The percentage of NaOH is variable. If new vegetable oil is processed, then you will require 5 g per litre of oil to substitute all glycerol by methanol. If waste oil is used then the same amount of catalyst will be required plus a certain amount to neutralize the free fatty acids that are present in the oil. To this end you will have to determine by way of a test, called titration, how many of these free fatty acids (FFAs) are present in your oil.ow to make Biodiesel Page 5 sur 10 What do you need: 10 ml isopropy! alcohol, 89%* Oil (heated to 45°C) Phenolphtaleine-solution (0,2%-0,4%)* Catalyst (NaOH, KOH)* Distilled water ‘Some glass saucers some hypodermic syringes to enable dosing the right amount. * a pair of scales preferably accurate to 0.1 or 0.01 g. “These articles will be provided when purchasing a BioKing The procedure is as follows Dissolve 1 g of catalyst in 4 litre of distilled water, this solution is the titrant. very difficult to dissolve. This can best be done by putting for instance 50 m| water into a transparent bottle, adding the gramme of NaOH, closing the bot shaking it as long as it takes to see no visible grains and pouring this back ir distilled water. This solution is suitable to carry out titrations in the following weeks. In ordet reduce the chance of errors, you may consider to dissolve 3 g of catalyst in Of distilled water. An error of for example 0.2 g has less effect that way than case of 1 litre. Cork the botle and keep it well. Take care when weighing the of NaOH that you do not leave the packaging open. The grains are very quic attract water and will not be fit for use anymore. The photo on the right show the grains look when they are subjected to a few minutes of oxygen. f* iow to make Biodiesel Page 6 sur 10 1. Pour 10 ml Isopropyl 2. Heat a bit of the oil to be tested to a 3. The amount of alcohol do Alcohol ina glass cup or —_ temperature of 45°C. , mix 1 ml of it require much precision, but | saucer. with the alcohol and mix well, it will get important that you should m: a yellowish colour. out exactly 1 ml of oil, An olc to suck in a bubble of air firs hypodermic and then the oil, way you are able to read mc precisely. 4, Add 2-3 drops of PH-indicator solution (phenolphthaleine) Start carefully to add the water with the catalyst, keep swinging the cup. will colour to a light pink, but will turn yellow again if you keep swinging, ' the oil with alcohol remains pink for a period of 30 s, you stop adding the solution, Make a note of how many ml of solution you have used and rer whole procedure once or twice in order to make sure you have titrated cx When you have a PH-meter at your disposal you can use it instead of th phenoiphtaleine-solution. When the fluid has reached a PH-value of 8.5, you have added enough NaOH-solution. That's all 1!!! Ifyou need less than 3 ml of the solution then you most probably have laid your hands on very good oil, 3:6 means that the oil is suitable to tum it into biodiesel. 6 ml or more implies a poor quality, but the oll may stil | suitable for the production of biodiesel. Take care when titrating that you should use each instrument for onh agent, We advise to label all hypodermics, pipettes and other tools in order to avoid mistakes. Test batch: Irrespective of the titration results, itis advisable to first process one litre of oil, before turning to the producti bigger amounts. Should you have made a mistake somewhere than this will appear now, this way you avoid may have to throw away maybe 100+ litres of oil because you made a mistake in titration. Fortunately, one litre of test diesel is easy to make. You start with heating 1 litre of oil to 45°C, preferably in : bottle that can be corked. In the meanwhile you mix 220 ml of methanol with the amount of catalyst you dete in titration. Put this in a glass jar or bottle that can be corked well. This mix is called methoxide. How much NaOH? ee En AE et por lire of cllow to make Biodiesel Pages ae ie In processing waste oil you take 5 g +1 g for each ml of catalyst solution you r for titration. If 4 ml solution was needed, for example then you use 5+4=9 g of NaOH. Mix the methoxide until of the catalyst is dissolved. The chemical reaction will the fluid to get hot. When all grains of NaOH have been dissolved, you careful the heated oil, Subsequently you shake or mix it all during 10 to 18 minutes: Leave the oil to rest. In less than an hour already you will see a separation bet biodiesel and glycerine. Good or not good? “The test has been successful if you see a distinct dividing line between the biodies: the glycerine, the amount of glycerine should be about 10% of the total content Ifless than 10% glycerine forms, then you probably have used too little catalyst, c& new test with 0.5 - 1 g more of catalyst. if you see a clear layer of soap between the biodiesel and the glycerine, then you FE have used too much of catalyst. Carry out a new test with 0.5 - 7 g less of catalyst. if you see lumps in the biodiesel, then you have bad oil or the titration was incorrect, Carry out a new titration make anew test batch from it. If you see lumps again, then you better should not use this of Leave the biodiesel to rest for 12-24 hours. Dark coloured, somewhat viscous glycerine will have formed at t bottom ofthe jar, with a distinct dividing line with the pale fluid above it. The colour of biodiesel varies and de on the type of oll that was used, but is mostly palish yellow. The diesel can be clear, but this not required + may be very turbid as well. Not to worry. Eventually it will become clear, but there is no reason to wait. Warning: Methanol, Methoxide (Methanolicatalyst-mix), and NaOH are dangerous chemicals. Before : always read the safety regulations provided and follow the instructions on the packaging. Always we at ered room and always wear personal means of protection, such as a suitable face mask, gloves face protection when working with these materials. To make a whole tank Now that your test with your cil has been successful, you are ready for the next step, being the preparation pmount of biodiesel with the aid of the BioKing. The BioKing Production system enables you to make 40 to 1 Of biodiesel at a time. The system is automated as best as can be and is kept as simple as possible. Everyo make their own biodiesel with the BioKing. Follow the description step by step. oo | 4. Fill the tank with the amount of vegetable oil desired, up to a maximum of 1Yow to make Biodiesel Page 8 sur 10 2. Turn on the heating and wait until the oil has reached the desired temperatur C heeft bereikt. Turn off the heating element. Attention: The heating eleme never be turned on when it is not fully submerged in the liquid, this can d the element! 3. While the oil is heating you can prepare the methoxide, this is as follows: - Fill the premix-tank with 16 litres of Methanol and the amount of catalyst desired - Swith a wooden or synthetic object, as long as is needed to dissolve all grains. As the BK200 is not equiped with an automatic stiring device, the content of the premix-tank is kept small, th order to make the mixing more easy. You will have to pour the remaining methanol during the mixing of the « methoxide in the little tank. 4. When the oil has reached the right temperature and the methoxide is ready, you can start mixing, To tt you have to open valves A, C and D and switch on the pump with the button "Pump thr’. Open the tap the methoxide-tank. The content will mix gradually with the circulating oil, when the methoxide has run can replenish methanol until the amount recommended of 220 ml of methanol per litre of oil has been 1 The oil will be mixed with the methoxide, during 1 hour exactly, the exact time needed for a good and < reaction. 5. The pump will switch off automatically after one hour. 6. After having letting it rest for 1-2 hours, you may drain the glycerine from the bottom of the tank. Anoth hours later you may drain the last glycerine from the barrel. The biodiesel is now ready to be washed. The washing Washing of the diesel with water is very important for various reasons. Your biodiesel will probably have a high alkaline value, because of the fact that non-used catalyst particles are still in the fluid. By washing the lye will be removed and the biodiesel will become PH- neutral (7). While washing we remove furthermore soap, methanol surplus, solid particles and any other pollution that may happen to be in our diesel. You may think: "Methanol is a good fuel, why do | have to remove it from my biodiese!?" Methanol as such is a good fuel indeed, but surplus methanol may damage your injection-system. The Bio-King® is supplied with a built-in water-mist system, with it we can wash our diesel effortlessly. It works as follows: 1. Attach a garden hose to the coupling provided, open the tap and leave it running for 1 hour, this will mefow to make Biodiesel Page 9 sur 10 about 20 litres of water to "spray" through the mist. The water is heavier than the diesel and takes, whi down, the pollution with it. Attention: Hot water washes better than cold water and soft water washes better than hard water. In the case of you having problems with the proper washing of your diesel you may consider using hot and a water softener. 2. Leave the diesel to rest for at least 1 hour, so that the water can do its job well. 3. Drain the water at the bottom. Handle things tactfully. If you open the valve completely it will cause an causing the biodiesel to be remixed with the water and this, obviously, will not be your intention. 4, Repeat this process at least twice before the water leaves the diesel almost clean (PH7). Take care th: water is drained from the processor. You would be well-advised to purchase a PH-meter of PH-indicat« in order to test your biodiesel. Now you can pump the diesel from the BioKing into a storagt the like, again by means of the pump on the Bioking. This works as follows: You connect a hose to the hose socke filter, open taps A, C and E and start the pump ‘Manual’, The biodiesel will now be pumped into your storage tank via the f Most remaining water will be extracted from the diesel by the water separator. There will always remain a certain percenta water in the diese! making it somewhat turbid. It is better to le diesel another 2 or 3 days in an open tub, this will make the : water to evaporate, this is called drying. You will see your bic getting more clearly. The drying can be accelerated by leavir biodiesel in the sun to dry or by heating it until a temperature 45° C and subsequently letting it cool down in an open tub. It diesel tums turbid again after cooling down, then this means Giese! has not been washed properly, wash it again. What you have now is biodiesel, ready for use. You may use it purely in your car or if desired, mix it with “Dinodiesel’. In winter in particular, at low temperatures it may be sensible to mix 20 to 30% of normal diese your biodiesel. Biodiesel tends to thicken even more than normal diesel does when it is cold. One can think « temperatures below -5° C. When you are starting to use biodiesel, it is sensible to begin with a mixture of 20 biodiesel and 80% normal diesel, One of the biodiesel’s good properties is that it cleans your fuel tank and fi circuit, this makes that small particles will tum up in your fuel system. If you were to start immediately with 1 biodiesel in your car then you will most probably have your fuel system blocked. Therefore, you will have to i the percentage of biodiesel gradually. This way you can find out at which ratio your car runs best. We hope that we have put you on the right way with this manual in the production of biodiesel. You have se is not difficult and with the help of the BioKing and these instructions you will probably succeed. We cannot guarantee good biodiesel though, this depends completely on your method and the ratio of the ingredients. Previously in this manual we have mentioned a few websites where you can find much on biodiesel. Study t! well. There are other methods to produce biodiesel with an apparatus such as the BioKing and these metho: appeal to you more. If you have any questions on the production of biodiesel or the BioKing you can always support@bioking.nl. We will try and help you as quickly and as well as we can to get you on your way again.w to make Biodiesel Fage 10 sur iv HOW TO SIMPLE TEST YOUR BIODIESEL Test #1 - Clarity Take an approximately 500ml sample of your fuel in a clear container. You should be able to read newsprin rough it, If you cannet see through the fuel i's an indication there may stil be water, glycerin, monoglycer diglycerides in your fuel. You don't want any of these in your finished fuel. Test #2 Miscibility Using your 500m! sample, mix in about 1 cup of water. Shake until water mixes with the fuel. Let sit for a fe minutes, The fuel should separate from the water and there should be no layer of soap between the two lay soap is created, i's an indication further washing is needed. If the fuel does not separate easily, it's an incic poor quality fuel Test #3 Odor Smell the fuel, it should have a faint odor of vegetable oil with no alcohol type smell. Other Tests If your reaction went according to plan, and the biodiesel passed the three tests shown above, you can be confident you have good fuel. However itis possible to run other tests to be sure. You can test the pH of the exactly the way you tiated your original ol. Good biodiesel should have a pH of around 7. You can test the specific gravity of the fuel with a hydrometer, or you can even send the fuel out to a lab and have it tested t it meets ASTM D6751 specifications. Generally these tests cost approximately $900.iodiesel plant 1000 liter per hour Page 3 sur 5 Turn key unit built on a strong steel frame ‘Exclusive storage and sett tanks iif Model: BK-CC Turn key unit built on a strong steel frame Features of these turnkey "add-on" containerized biodiesel plants Model: BK-CC are: « Newest technology on the market today * high volume * mobile built on 20' container size frame lity to mount various plants together to increase capacity « All controlled via one central PC Poss ens tran erStainless Steel Biodiesel Processors, Page 1 sur 6 e e = it Recycling and Re \0 jpme" Care Home || presseauieuent || cwattscate processors |] 12 Tow PER DAYECONOMIC PLANT |] 4900 TON PE {4000 TON PER YEAR CONTANERZED PLANTS || BioDEsEL sTaNDARDS || Accessories |] HOWTO WAKE sIODIESEL JATRODIA PLANTATIONS |] sareopta PLANTATIONS IN AFRICA JATROPIIA PROMOTION PER COUNTRY co Stainless steel models BK-12000-SS Compact and BK-12000-SS Advan Models BK-12000-SS Compact and BK-12000-S: Advantage, are semi-automatic and high tech 12.000 (3.170 gallons) per day processor that delivers hi quality biodiesel that meets all intern: jonal specifications such as ASTM D-6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel. This BioKing unit is electrically heated, have two powerful rixers and come equipped with a 10 micron and 5 r ded. All components are standard, as design philosophy calls fo eee ee nnE be ale Tae aneStainless Steel Biodiesel Processors Page 2 sur 6 safety. It does not generate effluents, itis sealed, and alcohol fumes are vented. The control panel, mixing mot pumps are flameproof. S=SEEProcess temperature controls are mounted on the control pane! a thei ind an analogue thermometer are provided; capillary units are used fc eliability. This unique, high performance biodiesel plant process waste and virgin vegetable oils such as: = Soybean = Palm oil = Jatropha oil < - Rapeseed oil ~ Sunflower oil & = Com oll & ~ Peanut oil 2 canola of é ‘~ - Cottonseed oil, etc. And..much more! The special by BioKing’s Engineers designed reactor and methoxide pre-mix tanks, together with BioKing’s high performance mixers, gives a 37 % better mixing result than what you normally get with the old model round cone-bottom tanks. ‘The results of these revolutionary tanks are, a much better reaction process and a better quality biodiesel. Model BK-12000-SS Cor 12.000 Liter (3170 gallon) per Stainless steel biodiesel proce —_aStainless Steel Biodiesel Processors Revolutionary 12.000 Lite: per day processor ‘The ultimate biodiesel processor areas, farms, plantations, € BK-12000-SS | BKT All ATEX (explosion proof) Comper a ‘Specs of these semi-automatic plants are: €9.999 | €1 7.400 liters (870 gallon) stainless steel high performance reactor tank. 7 7.1 KW electric mixer - 1350 RPM 1 '200 liter (79 gallon) stainless steel high performance methoxide pre-mix tank 4 0.35 KW electric mixer - 1350 RPM 1 MethanoVil, biodiesel pump 0.55 KW/60 liter (27 gallon) pet minute 1 Stainless steel case for pumps and filters No 6 Kw heating units 4 [Adjustable digital thermostat 1 5 micron end filter system 1 ‘Stainless steel manifolds with valves 2 Electricity system 380VolW/S0Hz 4 The plant technology is controlled via an advanced stainless steel control pane! 1 Washing necessary Yes Settling necessary Yes ‘Storage tanks included No. [SettleAvashing tanks inoluded No. Bleu color powder coated frame included No ‘Stainless steel tubing No. OF Transparent biodiesel hose YesStainless Steel Biodiesel Processors Page 4 sur 6 HDPE settle/wash tank with valves and 5 micron filter Optional Of Stainless steel settle/wash tank Optional OF Closed circuit water washing system Optional OF End product Meets EN 14214:2005, ASTM 6751-02 and DIN V 51606 standard ‘Yes Plant is a turnkey plant, No assembiing needed Yes One year worldwide warranty Yes Built confirm CE regulations yes Comes with easy step by step instructions ‘Yes ‘Comes with receipts for waste and new cooking oils and animal fats Yes (Comes with titration kit Yes Delivery time: 2 woeks alter receiving full payment Yes Optionals ~ Powder-coated heavy steel base frames € 999 1.400 liters (370 gallon) stainless stee! high performance pre-heating tank with 4 x 6Kw © 20 heating ..clements and digital thermostat : = 1,000 liters (264 gallon) HDPE settlefwash tank with wash nozzles, hoses, valves and micron @ 4 499 fiter ; - 1.400 liters (370 galfon) stainless steel high performance stainless steel settle/wash tank with ¢ 4 699 wash ..nozzles, hoses, valves and 5 micron fiter ‘ - Stainiess steel tubing instead of hoses € 1.900 = Closed circuit water washing system with filters, 5.000 liter (782 Gallon) HDPE tank, tubing etc. € 7.800 = Heat exchanger with biodiesel powered burner € 14.500 Model BK-12000-SS Advanced 49 ana lHer(2170 eailnn)\ cor dayStainless Steel Biodiesel Processors Page 5 sur 6 Stainless steel biodiesel processor From €14.999,- ‘A Catalyst like Methhanol and NaOH (caustic soda) or KOH (caustic potash) Is needed for the proce: Dimensions reactor tank: Dimensions Methoxide pre-mix tank: Height: 2.54 meter - (8.34 feet) Height: 138 meter - (453 feet) Diameter: 1,08 meter - (3.54 feet) Diameter: 0.70 meter - (2.30 feet) Weight: 300Kg - (661 pound) ‘Weight: 65 Kg - (143 pound) Dimensions Pump and filter control box: Dimensions bleu powder coated steel frame: Height: 0.81 meter - (2.66 feet) Height: 0.085 meter - (0.28 feet) Width: 0.50 meter - (1.64feet) Width: 1,00 meter - (328 feet) Length: 1.15 meter - (3.77 feet) Length: 3.70 Meter - (12.14 feet) Weight: 125 Kg - (276 pound) ‘Weight: 224 Kg - (494 pound) Plant advantages: -High energy efficiency = Tanks are high performance constructed ~The most recent solutions are used - Space-saving construction - One operator needed