1, M li E0: Xy ra khi dng c nu khng ph hp hoc kch thc qu nh

Khi bp hng ngoi bo li E0 ng ngha vi vic dng c nu bn s dng khng ng,

khng ph hp. C th ni/cho bn s dng qu nh hoc qu ln so vi ng knh ca
vng nhit trn b mt bp nn bp khng nhn c dng c nu.
Cch khc phc: Thay i dng c nu khc thch hp hn, trnh li kch thc, nn chn
dng c nu c ng knh trn 10 cm v nh hn 26cm, y dng c nu nm va trong
vng bp, bp s s dng c v khng cn bo li ny.

2, M li E2: Board mch b li

Li ny xut hin c th do cc b phn bn trong board b h, khng kt ni, b chp mch
hoc h mch iu khin SCR, li ny thng i km vi ting chung bo lin tc, mn
hnh hin th trong thi gian di.
Cch khc phc: nu vn nm cc b phn bn trong ca bp hng ngoi, cch gii
quyt tt nht l ngt ngun in v em bp n trung tm bo hnh, v li ny bn khng
th t sa cha.

3, M li E3: Ngun in s dng qu thp

Bp bo li E3 khi ngun in cp cho bp qu thp di 170V, trong khi bp s dng in
220V, ngun in nh bn khng p ng yu cu lm bp khng s dng c.
Cch khc phc: tt bp, kim tra ngun in, s dng n p lm n nh ngun in, sau
bn c th bt bp li v tip tc nu n.

4, M li E4: Ngun in ang mc qu cao

Ngun in cp cho bp hng ngoi hin ang mc qu cao, trn 260V.
Cch khc phc: Lc ny bn cn tt bp ngay, xem li ngun in cp, dng n p iu
chnh ngun in, bn s nu n an ton hn.

5, M li E5: B mt bp qu nng
E5 hin th cho bit mt knh ca bp ang b nng, trn 640 C, do nu qu lu hoc s
dng bp cng sut qu cao, khng tt cho bp v khng an ton khng ngi s dng.

Cch khc phc: h nhit nhanh chng cho mt bp bng cch tt bp, ngui khong 15
pht trc khi bt bp ln.

6, M li E6: Nhit bp vt mc quy nh

Nhit bn trong bp qu nng, vt chun quy nh ca bp (ty theo hng m c hn
mc khc nhau), nguyn nhn c th do nu n lin tc thi gian di, hoc do s dng cng
sut ln u s hin th m li E6.
Cch khc phc: Tt bp, nhc dng c nu ra khi bp, to khng gian thng thong xung
quanh bp, ly cc vt cn b phn thot kh (qut) ra nu c v bp ngui t nht 15 pht.

7, Li do ngi dng cha khi ng bp

M li ny xut hin khi bn cha nhn nt khi ng cho bp.
Cch khc phc: nhn vo nt on/off ( m/tt) khi ng bp v bn c th bt u nu
mn
n
a
thch
ca
mnh.
Nhng li thng gp khi s dng bp hng ngoi rt d nhn bit v khc phc, ngoi ra
cn mt s li khc pht sinh trong qu trnh vn hnh bp, nu ri vo trng hp bn
hy lin h ngay vi b phn k thut ca hng bp nhn c li khuyn v tr gip ph
hp.

1> ang nu x khi kht lt

thng l do con t 275v- 5uf b n
kim tra
o cu ch khng t . mt iu khin vn hot ng 80% l thay t lc ngun 5UF-275V l n ngay

2 > tt ngm bm mt hin th khng c tc dng " khng vo in "

- kim tra cu ch t cha ?
cu ch tng cha t th xem
bp chy ngun cp trc l bin p thng hay bin p xung
nu l bin p thng thng , kim tra s cp cn tr khng khng ? nu khng cn tr khng l
hng bin p ri
loi chy bin p thng dng cho loi bp c hin th mt quc lnh
bn s cp gm c 3v AC cp cho si t , -21v cp cho mt
5V cp cho VXL , 18V cp cho qut v mch dao ng

c m ra tng cun dy xem c th ci khc hay cun li bin p

bp thng thng ch c 2 mc ngun cp c bn l cun 8v-1A cp cho mch iu khin , v
18V - 1A
cp cho mch dao ng v qut gii nhit
2 loi bin p ngun chy ngun xung nh xu
u tin xem kim tra s cng xut v IC cn tt khng
R cp ngun t ngun vo ti t lc 4,7uf-400v cn tt khng n thng t in tr cp ngun s
cp ny
nu in tr ny cn tt thn s cng xut v IC ca bin p cp trc khng cht
nu t R ny thng s cng xut hoc IC dao ng ngun cp trc to
nu mch ngun cp trc dng linh kin ri th con cng xut thng l E 13003, con n kha
thng l C945
nu mch dng IC ngun th ph bin l VIP22A,

sau khi kim tra cc linh kin c bn lin quan n iu kin hot ng ca mch ngun
nu tt bn kim t 2 mc ngun c bn l 5V cp cho v x l , 18V cp cho mch dao ng c
ngun no yu hay thp hay cao qu khng ?
cc mc ngun tt th kim tra VXL . u tin nh cc phm n ra thanh o X10K VOM loi tr
bn phm chm chp v xem phn cn tc dng khng ?
kin tra thay th thch anh

khi bm mt bp vn cn ting ku BIP

-- kin tra iot cm bin nhit trn mm t , c nhng loi bp con cm bin ny li VXL cng bo
treo v khng bm c phm no na
khi bm c phm trn mt, bn d theo IC VXL xem chn PWM l chn no , ly VMO DIGITAL
thang o tn s , sau bt ngun ln , bm thay i tng gim nhit xem tn s v xung ra
chn ny c thay i khng ??
nu khng thay i li ang b VXL -PWM nu thay i kim tra n khi dao ng LM339
xc nh c xung ra LM339 th kim tra 2 con n v linh kin khi DRIVER S8050, S8550
i t gim chn G ca IGBT .

nu c li ngay t u kim tra R khong 1W vi trm K omh ly in p B+ DC v so snh bo v

p thp
nu c dao ng nhng khng bt ni kim tra R ly xung AC
nu bt ni ci xong ct dao ng lun kim tra R ly xung HV " xung C ca s cng xut
Bp t Midea Model: EF197 nhy lon
- Tnh trng h hng: cm in tt c cc n u nhy, khng c ting bp, bp khng hot ng.
- Chun on ban u: hng MCU (IC iu khin) hoc mch lin quan n MCU.
- X l:

+ M bp ra kim tra quan st thy cc linh kin chnh gm: IC ngun VIPer12A, n p ngun cho
MCU dng 7805, mch bo v IC LM339, MCU xa s. Khng thy linh kin no chy n, bp
tng c sa cha (thay cu nn, IGBT, t cng hng, cu ch).
+ o th (o ngui): thang x10, o cc it (hay hng); it nn in cho ngun cp p thp dng
it ring, khng s dng cu nn chnh nh mt s hiu khc.
o nng: p DC trn t lc sau nn (310V), p vo 7805 chng 4V, p ra 7805 chng 3,5V, IC
ngun khng nng.
- Kt lun: mch cp ngun cho phn iu khin sai (thp), bp khng chy c.
- Kim tra li: thang x10, o li cc it lin quan n mch ngun k: khng c gi tr no bt
thng. B. Quan st k mch in thy c 1 v tr di it ni vo IC ngun b i mu. Cm in
th 1 pht, rt in s it ny thy kh nng. Tho it ny ra o th (loi FR107). Thang x10 thy
R thun bnh thng, R nghch hi thp hn bnh thng. Chuyn v thang x1K o thy R thun
nghch u 0 m. KL r it.
- Thay con FR107 khc. Cm in, o p ra 7805 thy chun 5V. Lp vo, cm in chy OK.
Lu : phi thay ng con FR107, khng nn thay bng 1N4004 hay 1N4007. (v n l loi Fast
Recovery)

Hng dn sa cha bp t
Nguyn l hot ng ca bp t
+ bp t dng t trng bin thin lin tc vi tn s cao to ra dng fuco ( dng in m trong my in mi
ngi u khng thch v mong mun loi b n i ) t nng cc vt kim loi bng st, inox.
+ t trng ny c sinh ra bi cun dy ng ngay di mt bp. ng ct dng in mt chiu ny ngi ta
dng 1 con trasito IGBT cng sut tm 45-50A. v mi nguyn do thng bt u t y ( Phn ng lc, lm
nhim v nng n v quan trng ) !
+ do phn ng lc c cu to bi in t vy nn cch sa cng chnh l cng vic sa cha in t, bn cn
bit phng php kim tra transito v t in hng : v nh : ht thic ri o con IGBT c b chm chp khng.
Kinh nghim thng IGBT cht th s cht cu ch, v nguyn nhn dn ti IGBT cht thng do con t 4micro gn
lin vi n b phng - hoc con iot zenner ni vi chn IGBT c vn , bn no sa bp t thng nn lu vn
ny, ch ko thay 1 con IGBT 40-50k vo li cht tip ngay ! mnh ng hc ph v ny nhiu ri ! v sau khi
thay IGBT mi bn nn b cun dy ng ra ri u thay vo mt bng n dy tc 220w 100w kim tra trc !
+ phn kh hn v cng t hng l phn iu khin : phn ny ph trch pht xung IGBT ng ct to dng
fuco trn ni, do phn ny s cm bin tn hiu dng trn chnh IGBT kim sot khng cho IGBT lm vic
qu cng sut ( VD : nu vn c hot ng vi di xung nh bnh thng s c trng hp ni b, nhn cng sut
in bin thnh nhit cng b, trong khi cng sut cp vn nh bnh thng, nh vy theo nh lut bo ton cc
bn bit ri , lng in tha s p cht con IGBT ngay lp tc bi qu nhit ko lm mt kp ). Do phn
pht xung ny m nhn nhim v cng kh khn khng km l : iu khin chun xc tn s giao ng trn
IGBT ! do phn ny bn s phi c kin thc su v in t, nu khng vic sa l rt kh v lu, bi phi ht
thic tng con ra o mt xem con no c tr s in tr bt thng ( ngha l phi c vt so snh, hoc kinh nghim
c t nhng ln ng hc ph trc ri
Bp t vt dng thng s dng thng dng trong cc gia nh hin nay
Khng vo in (Bt mt hin th khng c tc dng)
- Kim tra cu ch t cha ?
o omh xem th no
- Cu ch ng cha t th xem
Bp chy ngun cp trc l bin p thng hay bin p xung, nu l bin p thng thng , kim tra s cp cn tr
khng khng ? nu khng cn tr khng l hng bin p ri . Loi chy bin p thng dng cho loi bp c hin

th mt quc lnh
Bn s cp gm c 3v AC cp cho si t , -21v cp cho mt ,5V cp cho VXL , 18V cp cho qut v mch dao
ng
c m ra tng cun dy xem c th ci khc hay cun li bin p.
Bp thng thng ch c 2 mc ngun cp c bn l cun 8v-1A cp cho mch iu khin , v 18V - 1A
cp cho mch dao ng v qut gii nhit.
- Hai loi bin p ngun chy ngun xung nh xu
u tin xem kim tra s cng xut v IC cn tt khng?
R cp ngun t ngun vo ti t lc 4,7uf-400v cn tt khng n thng t in tr cp ngun s cp ny
nu in tr ny cn tt thn s cng xut v IC ca bin p cp trc khng cht.
Nu t R ny thng s cng xut hoc IC dao ng ngun cp trc to
Nu mch ngun cp trc dng linh kin ri th con cng xut thng l E 13003, con n kha thng l C945
Nu mch dng IC ngun th ph bin l VIP22A,
Sau khi kim tra cc linh kin c bn lin quan n iu kin hot ng ca mch ngun
nu tt bn kim t 2 mc ngun c bn l 5V cp cho v x l , 18V cp cho mch dao ng c ngun no yu
hay thp hay cao qu khng ?
Cc mc ngun tt th kim tra VXL . u tin nh cc phm n ra thanh o X10K VOM loi tr bn phm
chm chp v xem phn cn tc dng khng ?
Kin tra thay th thch anh
Khi bm mt bp vn cn ting ku BIP
- Kim tra iot cm bin nhit trn mm t , c nhng loi bp con cm bin ny li VXL cng bo treo v khng
bm c phm no na
Khi bm c phm trn mt, bn d theo IC VXL xem chn PWM l chn no , ly VMO DIGITAL thang
o tn s , sau bt ngun ln , bm thay i tng gim nhit xem tn s v xung ra chn ny c thay i khng
??
Nu khng thay i li ang b VXL -PWM nu thay i kim tra n khi dao ng LM339
Xc nh c xung ra LM339 th kim tra 2 con n v linh kin khi DRIVER S8050, S8550
i t gim chn G ca IGBT .
Nu c li ngay t u kim tra R khong 1W vi trm K omh ly in p B+ DC v so snh bo v p thp
Nu c dao ng nhng khng bt ni kim tra R ly xung AC
Nu bt ni ci xong ct dao ng lun kim tra R ly xung HV " xung C ca s cng xut

Khi bp nghe mi kht th thng l do con t 275v- 5uf b n

Th v phn on in tr thng thng, in tr mng kim loi, in tr mng cacbon, in tr xi mng

Phng php th
1/u tin, in tr l linh kin v cc tnh, khi th gi tr in tr,u dy en, ca ng h vn nng c th phn
bit ni th cc cc in tr,
2/Trong tnh hung thng thng, khi dng ng h vn nng th gi tr ca in tr,cha bit gi tr in tr,nn chn v tr
mc gi tr in tr ln nht tin hnh gim nh theo th t,Phn nh gi tr thc o ca tnh nng in tr phi kt hp sai
s gi tr in tr, cui cng so snh gi tr hin th tin hnh phn on tt xu,
3/Trong sa mch in,khi th in tr phi tch cc kia khi mch in trnh nh hng n gi tr thc o,
Phn on s c
Thng thng in tr c th trong mch in thng gp cc s c nh chy hng, t mch, bin cht ( gi tr in tr
ln,hn h mch )
Th v phn on Diode

Th v phn on Diode thng thng: 4148. IN4007...

Din gii,A l cc dng,cn gi l cc chnh,
B l cc m,cn gi l cc ph,
Phng php th,Dng Mc Diodeca ng h vn nng,
1, Th hng chnh,Dngu ni cc dng,u en ni cc m,gi tr o c: khong 460,
2, Th hng ngc ,Dngu ni cc m,u en ni cc dng, gi tr o c: ln v cng
Ch : Th nghim ngt Diode g t mch in ra, Trong thc t sa cha mch in c th da vo im in p mu cht
phn on s c linh kin, tin hnh thay th x l.
Thng thng diode c th trong mch in c cc s c l t mch, on mch, hn rng

Th v phn on diode n p 18V/0.5W hoc 20V/0.5W

Phng php th Ging phng php th diode thng thng

Th thc dng : Thng in dng mc in p trc lu ca ng h vn nng th hai on xem in p pht ra c phi l
in p danh nh khng 18V hoc 20V ......
Th v phn on Transistor
Th v phn on Transistor 8050 . 8550, D667

Din gii; Transistor c 3 cc gm cc B , cc gp C , cc pht x E . Loi NPN thng dng tip t cc E loi
PNP dng tip t cc C
Phng php th Chn mc diode khng thng in hoc mc in p trc lu thng in ca ng h vn nng
1. Th khng thng in Dng u ni cc B u en ni cc C th s liu th cc BC c 470 CcBE s liu th c
470 cc CE s liu th l v cng ln
2. Th thng in in p cc BC khong 0.75V
Transistor thng thng pht sinh s c trong mch in l Xung t, khai mch cc BE cc BC cc CE
Th v phn on t
Th v phn on t in gii cn hi l t ha

Din gii A l cc chnh B l cc ph

2 Cc tnh ca t in gii trong s dng thc t khng c cm ngc
Phng php th Dng mcdiode ca ng h vn nng
1. Th hng chnh Dng du ni cc chnh u en ni cc ph s liu th o c V cng ln Nu tn ti mt
s liu nht nh th l hin tng r t in Nu trong khong 0 hoc 100 th b on mch

Phn on v th t gm

Din gii; T gm khng phn bit nghim ngt v cc chnh ph

Phng php th Cch th ging t in gii
Trong mch in t thng gp s c l on mch,xung t,mt t,hn rng

Phn on v th bin p.
Th v phn on bin p
(ng m ngun in)

Din gii; Kt cu bin p phn thnh s cp v th cp Ngun in p m bp t s dng th s cp vo l 220VAC th cp

ra l 10.5VAC 200mA , v 22VAC(150mA), ng thi c cu ch 135 t chy
Phng php th;Dng ng h vn nng mc giao lu th in p s cp ca bin p xem c bnh thng khng, kim tra
li xem cu ch c chy khng
Bin p trong mch in thng c nhng s c: S cp khai on mch, th cp khai on mchchy cu ch
Th v phn on bin p dng

Th v phn on bin p dng

Din gii: kt cu h tr bin p dng phn lm s cc v th cc A l s cc B l th cc
Phng php th: Thng thng dng ng h vn nng mc diode th gi tr in tr th cp bin p dng,thng l,
khong 70
Bin p dng trong mch in thng gp s c l: s cp khai mch th cp khai on mch trng im l do tnh nng
khng t
Th v phn on cu chnh lu
Th v phn on cu chnh lu RS2006M

Din gii :K hiu cu chnh lu lDB Trc mt thng s dng RS2006M Cu chnh lu phn thnh 4 chn
Chn A l u ra trc lu, l cc chnh chn D l u ra trc lu, l cc ph chn B v C l u vo giao lu
Phng php th: Thng thng dng ng h vn nng mc diode . u ni vi u Acu chnh lu u enniD
s liu o th c l khong 840 Ngc li u niD u enniA s liu o th c l v cng ln
Cu chnh lu trong mch in thng c s c l: Chn A v D on mch
Th v phn on IGBT.
Th v phn on IGBT ,K25T120, H20T120, H20R120

Din gii : IGBT c 3 chn phn lm cc ccG C vE IGBT dng trong bp in t lm dao ng xung
Phng php th Thng thng dng ng h vn nng mcdiode u ni cc E ca IGBT u en ni cc C, s
liu o th c l: khong 450. Lm ngc liu ni C u en niE, s liu o th c l: v cng ln .
Gia cc GvC,Ec gi tr in tr nht nh
IGBTtrong mch in thng c nhng s c l Cc CE GE v GC on mch

Phn on v th in tr cm ng nhit
Din gii in tr cm ng nhit l linh kin cm ng nhit theo s bin i nhit m pht sinh thay i gi tr in
trTrong bp in t dng lm h s nhit m tc ty theo nhit ln cao m gi tr in tr bin nh

Phng php th Thng thng dng ng h vn nng(mc in tr) dng u v u en phn bit ni vi bt k
mt u s liu o th c l 80-100K di nhit phng 25 gi tr in tr l 100K
in tr cm ng nhit trong mch in thng gp s c l on mch v khai mch.

Tm hiu linh kin bn trong ca bp in t

Chefs Bp t 18:28
Bp in t l " ng vua" ch thc trong khng gian bp hin nay cc gia nh khng ch ti Vit Nam m trn ton th gii. Hiu qu
cao v tit kim chi ph nng lng u vo trong qu trnh s dng, c th thy r iu ny khi so snh vi cc dng bp trc kia nh
bp gas, bp in... Bp in t mt hiu sut s dng c th t n 90 %, cao hn nhiu so vi bp gas (40 phn trm) hay bp in
thng thng (50% n 60%). C th k n nhng thng hiu bp in t c tin dng ti nc ta thi im hin nay

nh Munchen, Chefs, Taka, Giovani....

Bp in t hiu qu nng lng trong nh bp

Bp in t c th t c hiu qu cao ny bng nhng linh kin v cng ngh c bit hin i nht. Bi vit ny Beptuchefs.net s
cng bn c tm hiu nhng linh kin c s dng trn nhng chic bp in t hng u th gii v Vit Nam hin nay.

Hnh 1: s khi mch ngun ca mt chic bp in t thng thng ( T tri sang phi: u vo b lc EMC / EMI, chnh lu vi cc t
in trung mch, bin tn vi snubber v cng hng t.EPCOS cung cp tt c cc linh kin in t th ng cn thit cho phn in ca
bp cm ng.)

B lc u vo EMC ca bp in t
Do tn s tng i cao v cnh chuyn i dc ca IGBT, lc EMC l bt buc. Hnh 2 cho thy s mch ca b lc c s
dng. Cc B32923A2105M * series vi mt in dung ca 1 F l c bit thch hp cho hai t X2. Tnh nng vt tri ca n l mt chiu
cao chn thp ch c 22 mm. Trong s cc t Y1, trong ngn chn s can thip i xng v qu , EPCOS cung cp cc
B81122C1222M * loi vi 2.2 nF v B81122A1153M * loi vi 15 nF.

Hnh 2: S mch ca EMC vo lc ( Cc b lc u vo m bo rng khng c phn ng xy ra trong cc dng in do cc tn s cao c to

ra trong mch in.)
Linh kin bo v ca bp in t

Phn u vo cng c cc chc nng bo v quan trng ca s xm nhp hin nay hn ch v bo v qu p.

hin ti thc hin hai chc nng quan trng:

Th nht, v cc t mch trung gian vn cn nguyn hin vo lc turn-on, ng dng trc tip ca quyn lc s gy ra dng sc cao chy
trong mt thi gian ngn, do gy nguy him cho cc b chnh lu. Mt gii hn hin ti s xm nhp (ICL) da trn mt a pha ch
thermistor NTC lm gim dng khi ng n mt mc chp nhn c. Nhng nhit tr lnh vo lc turn-on v do c mt sc
khng tng i cao. Khi dng in chy qua chng, chng nng ln v khng chin ca h gim xung. Nh hnh vi ny, h khng ch
bo v b chnh lu m cn ngn chn cc cu ch in t thi. Trong bp in t v cc thit b khc trong gia nh, cng vic ny c th
c thc hin bi cc ICL ca B57153S * series.
Th hai, bo v cc thit b in t t qu p, vic s dng ca varistor c khuyn khch.

Hnh 3 : T tri sang phi: Y1 t in, t in X2, hin b sc in, NTC s xm nhp gii hn hin ti, a varistor.
Cc s mch c bn ca mch in m ngun cung cp cc cun dy cm ng c th hin trong hnh 4. Ngoi cc thit b chuyn
mch in IGBT, subassembly ny cha t in vi chc nng khc nhau.

T snubber
Bi v chuyn mch ca cun dy cm ng to cm ng nh cao p, con ng thu-emitter ca IGBT phi c bo v thch hp. Chc
nng ny c thc hin bng cch t snubber. Ngoi cc phin bn ch ca B32652A1153K * series, cc loi c bit vi thit b u cui
dy eo c sn m c th c vn trc tip vo cht bn dn in ca b chuyn i tn s. Nhng t c trng ESR v ESL gi tr rt
thp.

Trung cp mch t in
Mch trung gian (DC link) t in l cn thit lm phng in p AC v sa cha gim thiu in p gn. Nh mt quy lut, nhm t
in vi snap-in hoc vt thit b u cui c s dng cho mc ch ny trong cc ng dng in t cng nghip, chng hn nh chnh
lu v h thng cung cp in. Trong trng hp ca bp cm ng, tuy nhin, t b phim thng c a thch cho l do khng
gian. Nhng t in cng c phn bit bi ESR v ESL k sinh gi tr thp, ty thuc vo kiu ca chng.